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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive loss

The components of Other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Before
tax amount

Income tax (expense) recovery

Net of tax
amount

For the year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on:
 
 
 
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
(295
)
$
—

$
(295
)
Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17)
319

(42
)
277

Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:



Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
25

(6
)
19

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
(6
)
2

(4
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
84

(20
)
64

Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
(4
)
1

(3
)
Other comprehensive income
$
123

$
(65
)
$
58

For the year ended December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on:
 
 
 
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
(132
)
$
—

$
(132
)
Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17)
150

(20
)
130

Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:



Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
10

(2
)
8

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
(12
)
2

(10
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
(422
)
113

(309
)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
(12
)
3

(9
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(418
)
$
96

$
(322
)
For the year ended December 31, 2015
 
 
 
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on:
 
 
 
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
671

$
—

$
671

Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17)
(757
)
100

(657
)
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
7

(2
)
5

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
(76
)
21

(55
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
1,058

(281
)
777

Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
1

—

1

Other comprehensive income
$
904

$
(162
)
$
742



The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
2017

2016

Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
443

$
738

Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
(334
)
(611
)
Net deferred and unrealized losses on derivatives
(88
)
(102
)
Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income (Note 20)
(1,761
)
(1,822
)
Equity accounted investments
(1
)
(2
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
$
(1,741
)
$
(1,799
)


Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Foreign currency
net of hedging
activities(1)

Derivatives and
other(1)

Pension and post-
retirement defined
benefit plans(1)

Total(1)

Opening balance, 2017
$
127

$
(104
)
$
(1,822
)
$
(1,799
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
(17
)
(4
)
(50
)
(71
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
(1
)
19

111

129

Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income
(18
)
15

61

58

Closing balance, 2017
$
109

$
(89
)
$
(1,761
)
$
(1,741
)
Opening balance, 2016
$
129

$
(102
)
$
(1,504
)
$
(1,477
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
(2
)
(10
)
(456
)
(468
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—

8

138

146

Net current-period other comprehensive loss
(2
)
(2
)
(318
)
(322
)
Closing balance, 2016
$
127

$
(104
)
$
(1,822
)
$
(1,799
)
(1) Amounts are presented net of tax.
Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:
 
2017

2016

Amortization of prior service costs(1)
$
(4
)
$
(6
)
Recognition of net actuarial loss(1)
154

194

Total before income tax
$
150

$
188

Income tax recovery
(39
)
(50
)
Net of income tax
$
111

$
138

(1) Impacts Compensation and benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Income.