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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Equity [Abstract]  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive loss

The components of “Accumulated other comprehensive loss”, net of tax, are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
2016

2015

Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
738

$
870

Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
(611
)
(741
)
Deferred losses on settled hedge instruments
(3
)
(11
)
Unrealized effective losses on cash flow hedges
(99
)
(89
)
Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income (Note 20)
(1,822
)
(1,504
)
Equity accounted investments
(2
)
(2
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
$
(1,799
)
$
(1,477
)


The components of Other comprehensive (loss) income and the related tax effects are as follows:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Before
tax amount

Income tax
recovery
(expense)

Net of tax
amount

For the year ended December 31, 2016



Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on:



Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
(132
)
$
—

$
(132
)
Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17)
150

(20
)
130

Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:



Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
10

(2
)
8

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
(12
)
2

(10
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
(422
)
113

(309
)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
(12
)
3

(9
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(418
)
$
96

$
(322
)
For the year ended December 31, 2015



Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on:



Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
671

$
—

$
671

Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17)
(757
)
100

(657
)
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:



Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income
7

(2
)
5

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
(76
)
21

(55
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
1,058

(281
)
777

Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
1

—

1

Other comprehensive income
$
904

$
(162
)
$
742

For the year ended December 31, 2014
 
 
 
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on:
 
 
 
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries
$
287

$
—

$
287

Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17)
(319
)
42

(277
)
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
Realized gain on cash flow hedges recognized in income
(3
)
—

(3
)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
(46
)
12

(34
)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses
(873
)
234

(639
)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs
(68
)
18

(50
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(1,022
)
$
306

$
(716
)


Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component:
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Foreign currency
net of hedging
activities(1)
Derivatives and
other(1)

Pension and post-
retirement defined
benefit plans(1)

Total(1)

Opening balance, 2016
$
129

$
(102
)
$
(1,504
)
$
(1,477
)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications
(2
)
(10
)
(456
)
(468
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—

8

138

146

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)
(2
)
(2
)
(318
)
(322
)
Closing balance, 2016
$
127

$
(104
)
$
(1,822
)
$
(1,799
)
Opening balance, 2015
$
115

$
(52
)
$
(2,282
)
$
(2,219
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
14

(55
)
585

544

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—

5

193

198

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)
14

(50
)
778

742

Closing balance, 2015
$
129

$
(102
)
$
(1,504
)
$
(1,477
)
(1) Amounts are presented net of tax.
Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss

2016

2015

Amortization of prior service costs(1)
$
(6
)
$
(5
)
Recognition of net actuarial loss(1)
194

269

Total before income tax
$
188

$
264

Income tax recovery
(50
)
(71
)
Net of income tax
$
138

$
193

(1) Impacts Compensation and benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Income.