UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM

10-Q

☑

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended

March 31, 2024

OR

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from

to

Commission File Number

001-38004

Invitation Homes Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland

90-0939055

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1717 Main Street,

Suite 2000

75201

Dallas,

Texas

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(972)

421-3600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $0.01 par value

INVH

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes

☑

No

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes

☑

No

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

☑

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-Accelerated Filer

☐

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes

☐

No

☑

As of April 29, 2024, there were 612,535,649 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

INVITATION HOMES INC.

			Page
PART I
Item	1.	Financial Statements	6
Item	2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38
Item	3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	59
Item	4.	Controls and Procedures	60
PART II
Item	1.	Legal Proceedings	61
Item	1A.	Risk Factors	61
Item	2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	61
Item	3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	61
Item	4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	61
Item	5.	Other Information	61
Item	6.	Exhibits	62
Signatures			63

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, and other non-historical statements. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “projects,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including, among others, risks inherent to the single-family rental industry and our business model, macroeconomic factors beyond our control, competition in identifying and acquiring properties, competition in the leasing market for quality residents, increasing property taxes, homeowners’ association (“HOA”) fees and insurance costs, poor resident selection and defaults and non-renewals by our residents, our dependence on third parties for key services, risks related to the evaluation of properties, performance of our information technology systems, risks related to our indebtedness, risks related to the potential negative impact of unfavorable global and United States economic conditions (including inflation and interest rates), uncertainty in financial markets (including due to bank failures), geopolitical tensions, natural disasters, climate change, and public health crises on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, business, associates, and residents. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe these factors include but are not limited to, those described under Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report on Form 10-K”) as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which are accessible on the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in our other periodic filings. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except to the extent otherwise required by law.

3

DEFINED TERMS

Invitation Homes Inc. (“INVH”), a REIT, conducts its operations through Invitation Homes Operating Partnership LP (“INVH LP”). Through THR Property Management L.P., a wholly owned subsidiary of INVH LP, and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Manager”), we provide all management and other administrative services with respect to the properties we own. The Manager also provides professional property and asset management services to portfolio owners of single-family homes for lease, including our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Invitation Homes,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to INVH and its consolidated subsidiaries.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

•“average monthly rent” represents average monthly rental income per home for occupied properties in an identified population of homes over the measurement period and reflects the impact of non-service rent concessions and contractual rent increases amortized over the life of the related lease. We believe average monthly rent reflects pricing trends that significantly impact rental revenues over time, making average monthly rent useful to management and external stakeholders as a means of evaluating changes in rental revenues across periods;

•“average occupancy” for an identified population of homes represents (i) the total number of days that the homes in such population were occupied during the measurement period, divided by (ii) the total number of days that the homes in such population were owned during the measurement period. We believe average occupancy significantly impacts rental revenues in a given period, making comparisons of average occupancy across different periods helpful to management and external stakeholders in evaluating changes in rental revenues across periods;

•“Carolinas” includes Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC, Greensboro-High Point, NC, Raleigh-Cary, NC, Durham-Chapel Hill, NC, and Winston-Salem, NC;

•“core markets” refers to markets where we have meaningful scale and the ability to conduct business using our existing operating platform. Our current 16 core markets are identified on our portfolio table in Part I. Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Our Portfolio;”

•“days to re-resident” for an individual home represents the number of days between (i) the date the prior resident moves out of a home and (ii) the date the next resident is granted access to the same home, which is deemed to be the earlier of the next resident’s contractual lease start date and the next resident’s move-in date. Days to re-resident impacts our average occupancy and thus our rental revenues, making comparisons of days to re-resident helpful to management and external stakeholders in evaluating changes in rental revenues across periods;

•“in-fill” refers to markets, MSAs, submarkets, neighborhoods, or other geographic areas that are typified by significant population densities and low availability of land suitable for development into competitive properties, resulting in limited opportunities for new construction;

•“Metropolitan Statistical Area” or “MSA” is defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget as a region associated with at least one urbanized area that has a population of at least 50,000 and comprises the central county or counties containing the core, plus adjacent outlying counties having a high degree of social and economic integration with the central county or counties as measured through commuting;

•“net effective rental rate growth” for any home represents the percentage difference between the monthly rent from an expiring lease and the monthly rent from the next lease and, in each case, reflects the impact of non-service rent concessions and contractual rent increases amortized over the life of the related lease. Leases are either renewal leases, where our current resident chooses to stay for a subsequent lease term, or a new lease, where our previous resident moves out and a new resident signs a lease to occupy the same home. Net effective rental rate growth drives changes in our average monthly rent, making net effective rental rate growth useful to management and external stakeholders as a means of evaluating changes in rental revenues across periods;

•“Northern California” includes Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA, San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA, Stockton, CA, Vallejo, CA, and Yuba City, CA;

4

•“PSF” means per square foot. When comparing homes or cohorts of homes, we believe PSF calculations help management and external stakeholders normalize metrics for differences in property size, enabling more meaningful comparisons based on characteristics other than property size;

•“Same Store” or “Same Store portfolio” includes, for a given reporting period, wholly owned homes that have been stabilized and seasoned, excluding homes that have been sold, homes that have been identified for sale to an owner occupant and have become vacant, homes that have been deemed inoperable or significantly impaired by casualty loss events or force majeure, homes acquired in portfolio transactions that are deemed not to have undergone renovations of sufficiently similar quality and characteristics as the existing Invitation Homes Same Store portfolio, and homes in markets that we have announced an intent to exit where we no longer operate a significant number of homes for the primary purpose of income generation. Homes are considered stabilized if they have (i) completed an initial renovation and (ii) entered into at least one post-initial renovation lease. An acquired portfolio that is both leased and deemed to be of sufficiently similar quality and characteristics as the existing Invitation Homes Same Store portfolio may be considered stabilized at the time of acquisition. Homes are considered to be seasoned once they have been stabilized for at least 15 months prior to January 1st of the year in which the Same Store portfolio was established. We believe information about the portion of our portfolio that has been fully operational for the entirety of a given reporting period and its prior year comparison period provides management and external stakeholders with meaningful information about the performance of our comparable homes across periods and about trends in our organic business;

•“Southeast United States” includes our Atlanta and Carolinas markets;

•“South Florida” includes Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL, and Port St. Lucie, FL;

•“Southern California” includes Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA, Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA, and San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA;

•“SWH” refers to Starwood Waypoint Homes. On November 16, 2017, INVH and certain of its affiliates entered into a series of transactions with SWH and certain SWH affiliates, which resulted in SWH and its operating partnership being merged into INVH and INVH LP, respectively, with INVH and INVH LP being the surviving entities;

•“total homes” or “total portfolio” refers to the total number of homes we own, whether or not stabilized, and excludes any properties previously acquired in purchases that have been subsequently rescinded or vacated. Unless otherwise indicated, total homes or total portfolio refers to wholly owned homes and excludes homes owned in joint ventures. Additionally, unless the context otherwise requires, all measures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are presented on a total portfolio basis;

•“turnover rate” represents the number of instances that homes in an identified population become unoccupied in a given period, divided by the number of homes in such population. To the extent the measurement period shown is less than 12 months, the turnover rate may be reflected on an annualized basis. We believe turnover rate impacts average occupancy and thus our rental revenues, making comparisons of turnover rate helpful to management and external stakeholders in evaluating changes in rental revenues across periods. In addition, turnover can impact our cost to maintain homes, making changes in turnover rate useful to management and external stakeholders in evaluating changes in our property operating and maintenance expenses across periods; and

•“Western United States” includes our Southern California, Northern California, Seattle, Phoenix, Las Vegas, and Denver markets.

5

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INVITATION HOMES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except shares and per share data)

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(unaudited)
Assets:
Investments in single-family residential properties:
Land	$	4,869,884	$	4,881,890
Building and improvements	16,735,151		16,670,006
	21,605,035		21,551,896
Less: accumulated depreciation	(4,418,164)		(4,262,682)
Investments in single-family residential properties, net	17,186,871		17,289,214
Cash and cash equivalents	738,125		700,618
Restricted cash	209,281		196,866
Goodwill	258,207		258,207
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	238,330		247,166
Other assets, net	579,124		528,896
Total assets	$	19,209,938	$	19,220,967
Liabilities:
Mortgage loans, net	$	1,622,036	$	1,627,256
Secured term loan, net	401,569		401,515
Unsecured notes, net	3,306,873		3,305,467
Term loan facilities, net	3,213,904		3,211,814
Revolving facility	—		—
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	240,538		200,590
Resident security deposits	180,197		180,455
Other liabilities	74,732		103,435
Total liabilities	9,039,849		9,030,532
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Equity:
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 900,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 9,000,000,000 shares authorized, 612,485,098 and 611,958,239 outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	6,125		6,120
Additional paid-in capital	11,153,703		11,156,736
Accumulated deficit	(1,099,957)		(1,070,586)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	74,826		63,701
Total stockholders’ equity	10,134,697		10,155,971
Non-controlling interests	35,392		34,464
Total equity	10,170,089		10,190,435
Total liabilities and equity	$	19,209,938	$	19,220,967

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

INVITATION HOMES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except shares and per share data)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Rental revenues and other property income	$	632,097	$	586,515
Management fee revenues	13,942		3,375
Total revenues	646,039		589,890
Expenses:
Property operating and maintenance	230,397		208,497
Property management expense	31,237		23,584
General and administrative	23,448		17,452
Interest expense	89,845		78,047
Depreciation and amortization	175,313		164,673
Impairment and other	4,137		1,163
Total expenses	554,377		493,416
Gains (losses) on investments in equity securities, net	(209)		88
Other, net	5,973		(1,494)
Gain on sale of property, net of tax	50,498		29,671
Losses from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	(5,138)		(4,155)
Net income	142,786		120,584
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(436)		(342)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	142,350		120,242
Net income available to participating securities	(192)		(171)
Net income available to common stockholders — basic and diluted (Note 12)	$	142,158	$	120,071
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic	612,219,520		611,588,465
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted	613,807,166		612,564,298
Net income per common share — basic	$	0.23	$	0.20
Net income per common share — diluted	$	0.23	$	0.20

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

INVITATION HOMES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net income	$	142,786	$	120,584
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps	32,737		(18,755)
Gains from interest rate swaps reclassified into earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(21,564)		(12,981)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	11,173		(31,736)
Comprehensive income	153,959		88,848
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests	(484)		(265)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	153,475	$	88,583

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

INVITATION HOMES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	Common Stock
	Number of Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity		Non-Controlling Interests		Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023	611,958,239	$	6,120	$	11,156,736	$	(1,070,586)	$	63,701	$	10,155,971	$	34,464	$	10,190,435
Capital distributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		(553)		(553)
Net income	—	—		—		142,350		—		142,350		436		142,786
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared ($0.28 per share)	—	—		—		(171,721)		—		(171,721)		—		(171,721)
Issuance of common stock — settlement of RSUs, net of tax	526,859	5		(9,936)		—		—		(9,931)		—		(9,931)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		6,903		—		—		6,903		997		7,900
Total other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		11,125		11,125		48		11,173
Balance as of March 31, 2024	612,485,098	$	6,125	$	11,153,703	$	(1,099,957)	$	74,826	$	10,134,697	$	35,392	$	10,170,089

	Common Stock
	Number of Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity		Non-Controlling Interests		Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	611,411,382	$	6,114	$	11,138,463	$	(951,220)	$	97,985	$	10,291,342	$	32,289	$	10,323,631
Capital distributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		(491)		(491)
Net income	—	—		—		120,242		—		120,242		342		120,584
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared ($0.26 per share)	—	—		—		(158,453)		—		(158,453)		—		(158,453)
Issuance of common stock — settlement of RSUs, net of tax	452,398	5		(7,535)		—		—		(7,530)		—		(7,530)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		5,529		—		—		5,529		969		6,498
Total other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(31,659)		(31,659)		(77)		(31,736)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	611,863,780	$	6,119	$	11,136,457	$	(989,431)	$	66,326	$	10,219,471	$	33,032	$	10,252,503

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

INVITATION HOMES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	142,786	$	120,584
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	175,313		164,673
Share-based compensation expense	7,900		6,498
Amortization of deferred financing costs	4,200		3,911
Amortization of debt discounts	660		400
Provisions for impairment	60		178
(Gains) losses on investments in equity securities, net	209		(88)
Gain on sale of property, net of tax	(50,498)		(29,671)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments	2,322		2,295
Loss from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, net of operating distributions	5,740		4,949
Other non-cash amounts included in net income	1,169		1,056
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets, net	(60,793)		(11,033)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	41,779		45,087
Resident security deposits	(258)		1,145
Other liabilities	(5,004)		7,807
Net cash provided by operating activities	265,585		317,791
Investing Activities:
Amounts deposited and held by others	4,504		(1,076)
Acquisition of single-family residential properties	(109,988)		(59,869)
Initial renovations to single-family residential properties	(8,469)		(5,319)
Other capital expenditures for single-family residential properties	(44,486)		(50,012)
Proceeds from sale of single-family residential properties	131,945		87,855
Repayment proceeds from retained debt securities	226		158
Investments in equity securities	(388)		(31,131)
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	(747)		(250)
Non-operating distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,843		2,966
Other investing activities	(1,336)		(13,163)
Net cash used in investing activities	(24,896)		(69,841)
Financing Activities:
Payment of dividends and dividend equivalents	(173,235)		(160,287)
Distributions to non-controlling interests	(553)		(491)
Payment of taxes related to net share settlement of RSUs	(9,931)		(7,530)
Payments on mortgage loans	(5,799)		(4,375)
Payments on secured term loan	—		(234)
Other financing activities	(1,249)		(664)
Net cash used in financing activities	(190,767)		(173,581)
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	49,922		74,369
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period (Note 4)	897,484		453,927
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period (Note 4)	$	947,406	$	528,296

10

INVITATION HOMES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	$	89,012	$	67,677
Interest capitalized as investments in single-family residential properties, net	719		451
Cash refund of income taxes	(52)		(22)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	1,738		1,523
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1,249		664
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued renovation improvements at period end	$	1,087	$	990
Accrued residential property capital improvements at period end	5,799		8,041
Transfer of residential property, net to other assets, net for held for sale assets	36,349		35,449
Change in other comprehensive income from cash flow hedges	8,852		(34,046)
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	161		31
ROU assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities	3,058		646

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

11

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Note 1—Organization and Formation

Invitation Homes Inc. (“INVH”) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that conducts its operations through Invitation Homes Operating Partnership LP (“INVH LP”). INVH LP was formed for the purpose of owning, renovating, leasing, and operating single-family residential properties. Through THR Property Management L.P., a wholly owned subsidiary of INVH LP, and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Manager”), we provide all management and other administrative services with respect to the properties we own. The Manager also provides professional property and asset management services to portfolio owners of single-family homes for lease, including our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures.

On February 6, 2017, INVH completed an initial public offering (“IPO”), changed its jurisdiction of incorporation to Maryland, and amended its charter to provide for the issuance of up to 9,000,000,000 shares of common stock and 900,000,000 shares of preferred stock, in each case $0.01 par value per share. In connection with certain pre-IPO reorganization transactions, INVH LP became (1) owned by INVH directly and through Invitation Homes OP GP LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of INVH (the “General Partner”), and (2) the owner of all of the assets, liabilities, and operations of certain pre-IPO ownership entities. These transactions were accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control utilizing historical cost basis.

On November 16, 2017, INVH and certain of its affiliates entered into a series of transactions with Starwood Waypoint Homes (“SWH”) and certain SWH affiliates which resulted in SWH and its operating partnership being merged into INVH and INVH LP, respectively, with INVH and INVH LP being the surviving entities. These transactions were accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, and INVH was designated as the accounting acquirer.

The limited partnership interests of INVH LP consist of common units and other classes of limited partnership interests that may be issued (the “OP Units”). As of March 31, 2024, INVH owns 99.7% of the common OP Units and has the full, exclusive, and complete responsibility for and discretion over the day-to-day management and control of INVH LP.

Our organizational structure includes several wholly owned subsidiaries of INVH LP that were formed to facilitate certain of our financing arrangements (the “Borrower Entities”). These Borrower Entities are used to align the ownership of our single-family residential properties with certain of our debt instruments. Collateral for certain of our individual debt instruments may be in the form of equity interests in the Borrower Entities or in pools of single-family residential properties owned either directly by the Borrower Entities or indirectly by their wholly owned subsidiaries (see Note 7).

References to “Invitation Homes,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer, collectively, to INVH, INVH LP, and the consolidated subsidiaries of INVH LP.

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of INVH and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation of our interim financial statements have been included in these condensed consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.

12

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

We consolidate wholly owned subsidiaries and entities we are otherwise able to control in accordance with GAAP. We evaluate each investment entity that is not wholly owned to determine whether to follow the variable interest entity (“VIE”) or the voting interest entity (“VOE”) model. Once the appropriate consolidation model is identified, we then evaluate whether the entity should be consolidated. Under the VIE model, we consolidate an investment if we have control to direct the activities of the entity and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the VOE model, we consolidate an investment if (1) we control the investment through ownership of a majority voting interest if the investment is not a limited partnership or (2) we control the investment through our ability to remove the other partners in the investment, at our discretion, when the investment is a limited partnership.

Based on these evaluations, we account for each of the investments in joint ventures described in Note 5 using the equity method. Our initial investments in the joint ventures are recorded at cost, except for any such interest initially recorded at fair value in connection with a business combination. The investments in these joint ventures are subsequently adjusted for our proportionate share of net earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, cash contributions made and distributions received, and other adjustments, as appropriate. Distributions of operating profit from the joint ventures are reported as part of operating activities while distributions related to a capital transaction, such as a refinancing transaction or sale, are reported as investing activities on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. When events or circumstances indicate that our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures may not be recoverable, we assess the investments for and recognize other-than-temporary impairment.

Non-controlling interests represent the OP Units not owned by INVH, including any OP Units resulting from vesting and conversion of units granted in connection with certain share-based compensation awards. Non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 include an allocation of the net income attributable to the non-controlling interest holders. OP Units are redeemable for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis or, in our sole discretion, cash, and redemptions of OP Units are accounted for as a reduction in non-controlling interests with an offset to stockholders’ equity based on the pro rata number of OP Units redeemed.

Significant Risks and Uncertainties

Our financial condition and results of operations are subject to risks related to overall unfavorable global and United States economic conditions (including inflation and high interest rates), high unemployment levels, uncertainty in financial markets (including as a result of events affecting financial institutions, such as recent bank failures), ongoing geopolitical tension, and a general decline in business activity and/or consumer confidence. These factors could adversely affect (i) our ability to acquire, dispose of, or effectively manage single-family homes, (ii) our access to financial markets on attractive terms, or at all, and (iii) the value of our homes and our business that could cause us to recognize impairments in value of our tangible assets or goodwill. High levels of inflation, bank failures, and high interest rates may also negatively impact consumer income, credit availability, and spending, among other factors, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations, including the ability of our residents to pay rent. These factors, which include labor shortages and inflationary increases in labor and material costs, have impacted and may continue to impact certain aspects of our business.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, compared to those policies disclosed in our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

13

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The updated standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances the transparency and effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The updated standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Recent SEC Rules

In March 2024, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. Unless legal challenges to the rule prevail, this rule will require registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports, and the revisions to Regulation S-X would apply to our financial statements beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. We are currently assessing the effect of these new rules on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3—Investments in Single-Family Residential Properties

The following table sets forth the net carrying amount associated with our properties by component:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Land	$	4,869,884	$	4,881,890
Single-family residential property	16,041,330		15,977,256
Capital improvements	565,847		565,214
Equipment	127,974		127,536
Total gross investments in the properties	21,605,035		21,551,896
Less: accumulated depreciation	(4,418,164)		(4,262,682)
Investments in single-family residential properties, net	$	17,186,871	$	17,289,214

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of the residential properties above includes $135,683 and $135,004, respectively, of capitalized acquisition costs (excluding purchase price), along with $78,553 and $78,073, respectively, of capitalized interest, $30,829 and $30,531, respectively, of capitalized property taxes, $5,072 and $5,037, respectively, of capitalized insurance, and $3,709 and $3,691, respectively, of capitalized homeowners’ association (“HOA”) fees.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized $171,918, and $162,084, respectively, of depreciation expense related to the components of the properties, and $3,395 and $2,589, respectively, of depreciation and amortization related to corporate furniture and equipment. These amounts are included in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Further, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, impairments totaling $60 and $178, respectively, have been recognized and are included in impairment and other in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 11 for additional information regarding these impairments.

14

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Note 4—Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	738,125	$	700,618
Restricted cash	209,281		196,866
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	947,406	$	897,484

Pursuant to the terms of the mortgage loans and the Secured Term Loan (as defined in Note 7), we are required to establish, maintain, and fund from time to time (generally, either monthly or at the time borrowings are funded) certain specified reserve accounts. These reserve accounts include, but are not limited to, the following types of accounts: (i) property tax reserves; (ii) insurance reserves; (iii) capital expenditure reserves; and (iv) HOA reserves. The reserve accounts associated with our mortgage loans and Secured Term Loan are under the sole control of the loan servicer. Additionally, we hold security deposits pursuant to resident lease agreements that we are required to segregate. We are also required to hold letters of credit by certain of our insurance policies. Accordingly, amounts funded to these reserve accounts, security deposit accounts, and other restricted accounts have been classified on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as restricted cash.

The amounts funded, and to be funded, to the reserve accounts are subject to formulae included in the mortgage loan and Secured Term Loan agreements and are to be released to us subject to certain conditions specified in the loan agreements being met. To the extent that an event of default were to occur, the loan servicer has discretion to use such funds to either settle the applicable operating expenses to which such reserves relate or reduce the allocated loan amount associated with a residential property of ours.

The balances of our restricted cash accounts, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are set forth in the table below. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no amounts were funded to the insurance accounts as the conditions specified in the mortgage loan and Secured Term Loan agreements that require such funding did not exist.

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Resident security deposits	$	180,525	$	181,097
Collections	12,962		8,278
Property taxes	10,284		2,014
Letters of credit	2,522		2,489
Capital expenditures	2,297		2,297
Special and other reserves	691		691
Total	$	209,281	$	196,866

15

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Note 5—Investments In Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

The following table summarizes our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, which are accounted for using the equity method model of accounting, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

		Number of Properties Owned		Carrying Value
	Ownership Percentage	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Pathway Property Company(1)	100.0%	509	504	$	117,051	$	120,639
2020 Rockpoint JV(1)	20.0%	2,608	2,609	61,275		62,578
FNMA(2)	10.0%	408	426	28,333		32,303
Pathway Operating Company(3)	15.0%	N/A	N/A	20,975		21,008
2022 Rockpoint JV(1)	16.7%	319	309	10,696		10,638
Total				$	238,330	$	247,166

(1)Owns homes in markets within the Western United States, Southeast United States, Florida, and Texas.

(2)Owns homes within the Western United States.

(3)Represents an investment in an operating company that provides a technology platform and asset management services.

In November 2021, we entered into agreements with Pathway Homes and its affiliates, among others, to form a joint venture that will provide unique opportunities for customers to identify a home whereby they are able to first lease and then, if they choose, purchase the home in the future. We have fully funded our capital commitment to the operating company (“Pathway Operating Company”) which provides the technology platform and asset management services for the entity that owns and leases the homes (“Pathway Property Company”). Pathway Homes and its affiliates are responsible for the operations and management of Pathway Operating Company, and we do not have a controlling interest in Pathway Operating Company. As of March 31, 2024, we have funded $136,700 to Pathway Property Company, and our remaining equity commitment is $88,300. A wholly owned subsidiary of INVH LP provides property management and renovation oversight services for and earns fees from Pathway Property Company. As the asset manager, Pathway Operating Company is responsible for the operations and management of Pathway Property Company, and we do not have a controlling interest in Pathway Property Company.

In October 2020, we entered into an agreement with Rockpoint Group, L.L.C. (“Rockpoint”) to form a joint venture that will acquire homes in markets where we already own homes (the “2020 Rockpoint JV”). The joint venture is funded with a combination of debt and equity, and we have guaranteed the funding of certain tax, insurance, and non-conforming property reserves related to the joint venture’s financing. We have fully funded our capital commitment to the 2020 Rockpoint JV. The administrative member of the 2020 Rockpoint JV is a wholly owned subsidiary of INVH LP and is responsible for the operations and management of the properties, subject to Rockpoint’s approval of major decisions. We earn property and asset management fees from the 2020 Rockpoint JV.

We acquired our interest in the joint venture with the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) via the SWH merger. The managing member of the FNMA joint venture is a wholly owned subsidiary of INVH LP and is responsible for the operations and management of the properties, subject to FNMA’s approval of major decisions. We earn property and asset management fees from the FNMA joint venture.

In March 2022, we entered into a second agreement with Rockpoint to form a joint venture that will acquire homes in premium locations and at higher price points relative to our other investments in single-family residential properties (the “2022 Rockpoint JV”). As of March 31, 2024, we have funded $10,692 to the 2022 Rockpoint JV, and our remaining equity commitment is $39,308. The joint venture is funded with a combination of debt and equity, and we have guaranteed the funding of certain tax, insurance, and non-conforming property reserves related to the joint venture’s financing. The administrative member of the 2022 Rockpoint JV is a wholly owned subsidiary of INVH LP and is responsible for the operations and management of the properties, subject to Rockpoint’s approval of major decisions. We earn property and asset management fees from the 2022 Rockpoint JV.

16

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

We recorded net losses from these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, totaling $5,138 and $4,155, respectively, which are included in losses from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The fees earned from our joint ventures (as described above) are related party transactions. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we earned $3,512 and $3,375, respectively, of management fees which are included in management fee revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (see Note 6 for additional information regarding total management fee revenues).

Note 6—Other Assets

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balances in other assets, net are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Amounts deposited and held by others (Note 14)	$	89,585	$	92,151
Investments in debt securities, net	86,333		86,471
Derivative instruments (Note 8)	84,339		75,488
Rent and other receivables, net	70,393		60,810
Prepaid expenses	67,736		47,770
Investments in equity securities	56,170		55,991
Held for sale assets(1)	30,923		46,203
Corporate fixed assets, net	30,225		31,474
ROU lease assets — operating and finance, net	14,969		13,532
Deferred financing costs, net	2,241		2,972
Other	46,210		16,034
Total	$	579,124	$	528,896

(1)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 124 and 189 properties, respectively, are classified as held for sale.

Investments in Debt Securities, net

In connection with certain of our Securitizations (as defined in Note 7), we have retained and purchased certificates totaling $86,333, net of unamortized discounts of $1,144 as of March 31, 2024. These investments in debt securities are classified as held to maturity investments. As of March 31, 2024, we have not recognized any credit losses with respect to these investments in debt securities, and our retained certificates are scheduled to mature over the next nine months to three years.

Rent and Other Receivables, net

We lease our properties to residents pursuant to leases that generally have an initial contractual term of at least 12 months, provide for monthly payments, and are cancelable by the resident and us under certain conditions specified in the related lease agreements. Rental revenues and other property income and the corresponding rent and other receivables are recorded net of any concessions and bad debt (including actual write-offs, credit reserves, and uncollectible amounts) for all periods presented.

Variable lease payments consist of resident reimbursements for utilities, and various other fees, including late fees and lease termination fees, among others. Variable lease payments are charged based on the terms and conditions included in the resident leases. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, rental revenues and other property income includes $41,845 and $35,511 of variable lease payments, respectively.

17

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Future minimum rental revenues and other property income under leases on our single-family residential properties in place as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Year	Lease Payments to be Received
Remainder of 2024	$	1,204,700
2025	416,112
2026	18,130
2027	—
2028	—
Thereafter	—
Total	$	1,638,942

Management fee revenues and the corresponding receivables related to property and asset management services provided to portfolio owners of single-family homes for lease, including investments in our unconsolidated joint ventures (see Note 5). Our services include resident support, maintenance, marketing, and administrative functions. Revenues are recognized as performance obligations are satisfied in accordance with the underlying agreements, and the performance obligation is the management of the homes, entities, or other defined tasks. While the performance obligations associated with base management fees can vary from day to day, the nature of the overall performance obligation to provide management services is the same and considered by us to be a series of services that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer and the same method to measure progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligation. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, we provided property and asset management services for 18,122 and 3,570 homes, respectively, of which 3,844 and 3,570 homes were owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we earned management fees totaling $13,942 and $3,375, respectively, which are included in management fee revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Investments in Equity Securities

We hold investments in equity securities both with and without a readily determinable fair value. Investments with a readily determinable fair value are measured at fair value, and those without a readily determinable fair value are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for identical or similar investments in the same issuer. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the values of our investments in equity securities are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investments without a readily determinable fair value	$	55,074	$	54,686
Investments with a readily determinable fair value	1,096		1,305
Total	$	56,170	$	55,991

The components of gains (losses) on investments in equity securities, net as of three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments still held at the reporting date — with a readily determinable fair value	$	(209)	$	88
Total	$	(209)	$	88

                                                 

18

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Right-of-Use (“ROU”) Lease Assets — Operating and Finance, net

The following table presents supplemental information related to leases into which we have entered as a lessee as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Other assets	$	8,425	$	6,544	$	9,236	$	4,296
Other liabilities (Note 14)	10,095		5,606		11,097		3,796
Weighted average remaining lease term	3.4 years		3.8 years		3.3 years		2.9 years
Weighted average discount rate	3.7%		6.0%		3.6%		5.2%

Deferred Financing Costs, net

In connection with the amended and restated Revolving Facility (see Note 7), we incurred $11,846 of financing costs, which have been deferred as other assets, net on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We amortize deferred financing costs as interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the Revolving Facility and accelerate amortization if debt is retired before the maturity date. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the unamortized balances of these deferred financing costs are $2,241 and $2,972, respectively.

Other

Other is primarily comprised of deferred costs related to property and asset management contracts that are being amortized over the estimated lives of the underlying contracts and other deferred costs, including those that will be capitalized as corporate fixed assets upon deployment of the software or commencement of the underlying office lease.

Note 7—Debt

Mortgage Loans

Our securitization transactions (the “Securitizations” or the “mortgage loans”) are collateralized by certain homes owned by the respective Borrower Entities. We utilize the proceeds from our Securitizations to fund: (i) repayments of then-outstanding indebtedness; (ii) initial deposits into Securitization reserve accounts; (iii) closing costs in connection with the mortgage loans; and (iv) general costs associated with our operations.

The following table sets forth a summary of our mortgage loan indebtedness as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

						Outstanding Principal Balance(1)
	Origination Date	Maturity Date(2)	Maturity Date if Fully Extended(3)	Interest Rate(4)	Range of Spreads(5)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
IH 2017-1(6)	April 28, 2017	June 9, 2027	June 9, 2027	4.23%	N/A	$	989,711	$	990,555
IH 2018-4(7)	November 7, 2018	January 9, 2025	January 9, 2026	6.67%	115-145 bps	638,163		643,030
Total Securitizations						1,627,874		1,633,585
Less: deferred financing costs, net						(5,838)		(6,329)
Total						$	1,622,036	$	1,627,256

(1)Outstanding principal balance is net of discounts and does not include deferred financing costs, net.

19

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

(2)Represents the maturity dates for all extension options that have been exercised for the mortgage loans.

(3)Represents the maturity date if we exercise each of the remaining one year extension options available, which are subject to certain conditions being met.

(4)IH 2017-1 bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.23% per annum, equal to the market determined pass-through rate payable on the certificates including applicable servicing fees. The interest rate for IH 2018-4 is based on the weighted average spread over a published forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) for the interest period relevant to such borrower (“Term SOFR”) adjusted for an 0.11% credit spread adjustment. As of March 31, 2024, Term SOFR was 5.33%.

(5)Range of spreads is based on outstanding principal balances as of March 31, 2024.

(6)Net of unamortized discount of $1,144 and $1,232 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(7)The initial maturity term of IH 2018-4 is two years, subject to five, one year extension options at the Borrower Entity’s discretion (provided that there is no continuing event of default under the mortgage loan agreement and the Borrower Entity obtains and delivers to the lender a replacement interest rate cap agreement from an approved counterparty within the required timeframe). Our IH 2018-4 mortgage loan has exercised the fourth extension option. The maturity date above reflects all extensions that have been exercised.

Securitization Transactions

The Borrower Entity for IH 2018-4 executed a loan agreement with a third-party lender. IH 2018-4 originally consisted of six floating rate components. The two year initial term is subject to five, one year extension options at the Borrower Entity’s discretion. Such extensions are available provided there is no continuing event of default under the respective mortgage loan agreement and the Borrower Entity obtains and delivers a replacement interest rate cap agreement from an approved counterparty within the required timeframe to the lender. IH 2017-1 is a 10 year, fixed rate mortgage loan comprised of two components, and Component A of IH 2017-1 benefits from FNMA’s guaranty of timely payment of principal and interest.

Each mortgage loan is secured by a pledge of the equity in the assets of the respective Borrower Entities, as well as first-priority mortgages on the underlying properties and a grant of security interests in all of the related personal property. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a total of 10,549 and 10,581 homes, respectively, with a gross book value of $2,344,145 and $2,348,044, respectively, and a net book value of $1,756,659 and $1,779,169, respectively, are pledged pursuant to the mortgage loans. Each Borrower Entity has the right, subject to certain requirements and limitations outlined in the respective loan agreements, to substitute properties. We are obligated to make monthly payments of interest for each mortgage loan.

Transactions with Trusts

Concurrent with the execution of each mortgage loan agreement, the respective third-party lender sold each loan it originated to individual depositor entities, which are wholly owned subsidiaries, who subsequently transferred each loan to Securitization-specific trust entities (the “Trusts”). We accounted for the transfers of the individual Securitizations as sales under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, with no resulting gain or loss as the Securitizations were both originated by the lender and immediately transferred at the same fair market value.

These transactions had no effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements other than with respect to certificates issued by the Trusts (collectively, the “Certificates”) that we retained in connection with Securitizations or purchased at a later date.

The Trusts are structured as pass-through entities that receive interest payments from the Securitizations and distribute those payments to the holders of the Certificates. The assets held by the Trusts are restricted and can only be used to fulfill the obligations of those entities. The obligations of the Trusts do not have any recourse to the general credit of any entities in these condensed consolidated financial statements. We have evaluated our interests in certain certificates of the Trusts held by us and determined that they do not create a more than insignificant variable interest in the Trusts.

As the Trusts made Certificates available for sale to both domestic and foreign investors, sponsors of the mortgage loans are required to retain a portion of the risk that represents a material net economic interest in each loan pursuant to Regulation RR (the “Risk Retention Rules”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. As loan sponsors, we are thus required to retain a portion of the credit risk that represents not less than 5% of the aggregate fair value of the loan as of the closing date. Accordingly, we have retained the restricted Class B Certificates issued by IH 2017-1, which bear a stated

20

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

annual interest rate of 4.23% (including applicable servicing fees), that were made available exclusively to INVH LP to comply with the Risk Retention Rules.

For IH 2018-4, we retain 5% of each class of certificates to meet the Risk Retention Rules. These retained certificates accrue interest at a floating rate of Term SOFR plus a spread ranging from 1.15% to 1.45%.

The retained certificates, net of discount, total $86,333 and $86,471 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are classified as held to maturity investments and recorded in other assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 6).

Loan Covenants

The general terms that apply to all of the mortgage loans require each Borrower Entity to maintain compliance with certain affirmative and negative covenants. Affirmative covenants include each Borrower Entity’s, and certain of their respective affiliates’, compliance with (i) licensing, permitting, and legal requirements specified in the mortgage loan agreements, (ii) organizational requirements of the jurisdictions in which they are organized, (iii) federal and state tax laws, and (iv) books and records requirements specified in the respective mortgage loan agreements. Negative covenants include each Borrower Entity’s, and certain of their affiliates’, compliance with limitations surrounding (i) the amount of each Borrower Entity’s indebtedness and the nature of their investments, (ii) the execution of transactions with affiliates, (iii) the Manager, (iv) the nature of each Borrower Entity’s business activities, and (v) the required maintenance of specified cash reserves.

Prepayments

For the mortgage loans, prepayments of amounts owed by us are generally not permitted under the terms of the respective mortgage loan agreements unless such prepayments are made pursuant to the voluntary election or mandatory provisions specified in such agreements. The specified mandatory provisions become effective to the extent that a property becomes characterized as a disqualified property, a property is sold, and/or upon the occurrence of a condemnation or casualty event associated with a property. To the extent either a voluntary election is made, or a mandatory prepayment condition exists, in addition to paying all interest and principal, we must also pay certain breakage costs as determined by the loan servicer and a spread maintenance premium if prepayment occurs before the month following the one or two year anniversary of the closing dates of each of the mortgage loans except for IH 2017-1. For IH 2017-1, prepayments on or before December 2026 will require a yield maintenance premium. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we made voluntary and mandatory prepayments of $5,799 and $4,375, respectively, under the terms of the mortgage loan agreements.

Secured Term Loan

On June 7, 2019, 2019-1 IH Borrower LP, a consolidated subsidiary (“2019-1 IH Borrower” and one of our Borrower Entities), entered into a 12 year loan agreement with a life insurance company (the “Secured Term Loan”). The Secured Term Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.59%, including applicable servicing fees, for the first 11 years and bears interest at a floating rate based on a spread of 147 bps, including applicable servicing fees, over a comparable or successor rate to one month London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) for the twelfth year as provided for in our loan agreement (subject to certain adjustments as outlined in the loan agreement). The Secured Term Loan is secured by first priority mortgages on a portfolio of single-family rental properties as well as a first priority pledge of the equity interests of 2019-1 IH Borrower. We utilized the proceeds from the Secured Term Loan to fund: (i) repayments of then-outstanding indebtedness; (ii) initial deposits into the Secured Term Loan’s reserve accounts; (iii) transaction costs related to the closing of the Secured Term Loan; and (iv) general corporate purposes.

21

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

The following table sets forth a summary of our Secured Term Loan indebtedness as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Maturity Date	Interest Rate(1)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Secured Term Loan	June 9, 2031	3.59%	$	403,129	$	403,129
Deferred financing costs, net			(1,560)		(1,614)
Secured Term Loan, net			$	401,569	$	401,515

(1)The Secured Term Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.59% per annum including applicable servicing fees for the first 11 years and for the twelfth year bears interest at a floating rate based on a spread of 147 bps over a comparable or successor rate to one month LIBOR as provided for in our loan agreement, including applicable servicing fees, subject to certain adjustments as outlined in the loan agreement. Interest payments are made monthly.

Collateral

The Secured Term Loan’s collateral pool contains 3,332 homes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, with a gross book value of $835,244 and $828,570, respectively, and a net book value of $674,560 and $675,075, respectively. 2019-1 IH Borrower has the right, subject to certain requirements and limitations outlined in the loan agreement, to substitute properties representing up to 20% of the collateral pool annually, and to substitute properties representing up to 100% of the collateral pool over the life of the Secured Term Loan. In addition, four times after the first anniversary of the closing date, 2019-1 IH Borrower has the right, subject to certain requirements and limitations outlined in the loan agreement, to execute a special release of collateral representing up to 15% of the then-outstanding principal balance of the Secured Term Loan in order to bring the loan-to-value ratio back in line with the Secured Term Loan’s loan-to-value ratio as of the closing date. Any such special release of collateral would not change the then-outstanding principal balance of the Secured Term Loan, but rather would reduce the number of single-family rental homes included in the collateral pool.

Loan Covenants

The Secured Term Loan requires 2019-1 IH Borrower to maintain compliance with certain affirmative and negative covenants. Affirmative covenants include 2019-1 IH Borrower’s, and certain of its affiliates’, compliance with (i) licensing, permitting and legal requirements specified in the loan agreement, (ii) organizational requirements of the jurisdictions in which they are organized, (iii) federal and state tax laws, and (iv) books and records requirements specified in the loan agreement. Negative covenants include 2019-1 IH Borrower’s, and certain of its affiliates’, compliance with limitations surrounding (i) the amount of 2019-1 IH Borrower’s indebtedness and the nature of its investments, (ii) the execution of transactions with affiliates, (iii) the Manager, (iv) the nature of 2019-1 IH Borrower’s business activities, and (v) the required maintenance of specified cash reserves.

Prepayments

Prepayments of the Secured Term Loan are generally not permitted unless such prepayments are made pursuant to the voluntary election or mandatory provisions specified in the loan agreement. The specified mandatory provisions become effective to the extent that a property becomes characterized as a disqualified property, a property is sold, and/or upon the occurrence of a condemnation or casualty event associated with a property. To the extent either a voluntary election is made, or a mandatory prepayment condition exists, in addition to paying all interest and principal, we must also pay certain breakage costs as determined by the loan servicer and a yield maintenance premium if prepayment occurs before June 9, 2030. No such prepayments were made during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we made mandatory prepayments of $234 under the terms of the Secured Term Loan agreement.

22

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Unsecured Notes

Our unsecured notes are issued in connection with either an underwritten public offering pursuant to our existing shelf registration statement that automatically became effective upon filing with the SEC in July 2021 and expires in July 2024 or in connection with a private placement transaction with certain institutional investors (collectively, the “Unsecured Notes”). We utilize proceeds from the Unsecured Notes to fund: (i) repayments of then-outstanding indebtedness, including the Securitizations; (ii) closing costs in connection with the Unsecured Notes; and (iii) general costs associated with our operations and other corporate purposes, including acquisitions. Interest on the Unsecured Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears.

The following table sets forth a summary of our Unsecured Notes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Interest Rate(1)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Total Unsecured Notes, net(2)	2.00% — 5.50%	$	3,330,428	$	3,329,856
Deferred financing costs, net		(23,555)		(24,389)
Total		$	3,306,873	$	3,305,467

(1)Represents the range of contractual rates in place as of March 31, 2024.

(2)Net of unamortized discount of $19,572 and $20,144 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Maturity dates for the Unsecured Notes range from May 2028 through May 2036 (see “Debt Maturities Schedule” for additional information).

Debt Issuances

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, no Unsecured Notes were issued.

Prepayments

The Unsecured Notes are redeemable in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at our option, at a redemption price equal to (i) 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest and (ii) a make-whole premium calculated in accordance with the respective loan agreements if the redemption occurs in certain amounts or in certain periods that range from one to three months prior to the maturity date. The privately placed Unsecured Notes require any prepayment to be an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount then outstanding.

Guarantees

The Unsecured Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by INVH and two of its wholly owned subsidiaries, the General Partner and IH Merger Sub, LLC (“IH Merger Sub”).

Loan Covenants

The Unsecured Notes issued publicly under our registration statement contain customary covenants, including, among others, limitations on the incurrence of debt; and they include the following financial covenants related to the incurrence of debt: (i) an aggregate debt test; (ii) a debt service test; (iii) a maintenance of total unencumbered assets; and (iv) a secured debt test.

The privately placed Unsecured Notes contain customary covenants, including, among others, limitations on distributions, fundamental changes, and transactions with affiliates; and they include the following financial covenants, subject to certain qualifications: (i) a maximum total leverage ratio; (ii) a maximum secured leverage ratio; (iii) a maximum unencumbered leverage ratio; (iv) a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio; and (v) a minimum unsecured interest coverage ratio.

The Unsecured Notes contain customary events of default (subject in certain cases to specified cure periods), the occurrence of which would allow the holders of notes to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the Unsecured Notes.

23

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Facility

On December 8, 2020, we entered into an Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement with a syndicate of banks, financial institutions, and institutional lenders for a new credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility provides $3,500,000 of borrowing capacity and consists of a $1,000,000 revolving facility (the “Revolving Facility”) and a $2,500,000 term loan facility (the “2020 Term Loan Facility”), both of which mature on January 31, 2025, with two six month extension options available. The Revolving Facility also includes borrowing capacity for letters of credit. The Credit Facility provides us with the option to enter into additional incremental credit facilities (including an uncommitted incremental facility that provides us with the option to increase the size of the Revolving Facility and/or the 2020 Term Loan Facility such that the aggregate amount does not exceed $4,000,000 at any time), subject to certain limitations. On April 18, 2023, we amended the Credit Facility to convert the applicable interest rate from a LIBOR-based index to a Term SOFR-based index.

On June 22, 2022, we entered into a Term Loan Agreement with a syndicate of banks for new senior unsecured term loans (the “2022 Term Loan Facility”; and together with the 2020 Term Loan Facility, the “Term Loan Facilities”). The 2022 Term Loan Facility provided $725,000 of borrowing capacity, consisting of a $150,000 initial term loan (the “Initial Term Loan”) and delayed draw term loans totaling $575,000 (the “Delayed Draw Term Loans”) which were fully drawn on December 8, 2022. The Initial Term Loan and the Delayed Draw Term Loans (together, the “2022 Term Loans”) mature on June 22, 2029. The 2022 Term Loan Facility also includes an accordion feature providing the option to increase the size of the 2022 Term Loans or enter into additional incremental 2022 Term Loans, such that the aggregate amount of all 2022 Term Loans does not exceed $950,000 at any time, subject to certain limitations.

The following table sets forth a summary of the outstanding principal amounts under the Term Loan Facilities and the Revolving Facility as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Maturity Date	Interest Rate	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
2020 Term Loan Facility(1)(2)	January 31, 2025	6.43%	$	2,500,000	$	2,500,000
2022 Term Loan Facility(3)	June 22, 2029	6.68%	725,000		725,000
Total Term Loan Facilities			3,225,000		3,225,000
Less: deferred financing costs, net			(11,096)		(13,186)
Term Loan Facilities, net			$	3,213,904	$	3,211,814
Revolving Facility(1)(2)	January 31, 2025	6.33%	$	—	$	—

(1)Interest rates for the 2020 Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Facility are based on Term SOFR adjusted for a 0.10% credit spread adjustment, plus an applicable margin. As of March 31, 2024, the applicable margins were 1.00% and 0.90% for the 2020 Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Facility, respectively, and Term SOFR was 5.33%.

(2)If we exercise the two six month extension options, the maturity date will be January 31, 2026.

(3)Interest rate for the 2022 Term Loan Facility is based on Term SOFR adjusted for a 0.10% credit spread adjustment, plus the applicable margin. As of March 31, 2024, the applicable margin was 1.25%, and Term SOFR was 5.33%.

Interest Rate and Fees

As a result of the April 18, 2023 amendment to the Credit Facility, borrowings thereunder bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to (a) a Term SOFR rate determined by reference to the forward-looking SOFR rate published by Reuters (or a comparable or successor rate as provided for in our loan agreement) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing plus 0.10% credit spread adjustment or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the administrative agent’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (3) the Term SOFR rate that would be payable on such day for a Term SOFR rate loan with a one month interest period plus 1.00%, and (4) 1.00%.

24

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Prior to the April 18, 2023 amendment to the Credit Facility, borrowings thereunder bore interest, at our option, at a rate equal to a margin over either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the Bloomberg LIBOR rate (or a comparable or successor rate as provided for in our loan agreement) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the administrative agent’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (3) the LIBOR rate that would be payable on such day for a LIBOR rate loan with a one month interest period plus 1.00%.

Borrowings under the 2022 Term Loan Facility bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to a margin over either (a) Term SOFR adjusted for an applicable credit spread adjustment (“Adjusted SOFR”) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the administrative agent’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (3) Adjusted SOFR for a one month interest period plus 1.00%.

The margins for the Term Loan Facilities and the Revolving Facility as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

	Base Rate Loans			Adjusted SOFR Rate Loans
2020 Term Loan Facility	0.00%	—	0.65%	0.80%	—	1.65%
2022 Term Loan Facility	0.15%	—	1.20%	1.15%	—	2.20%
Revolving Facility	0.00%	—	0.45%	0.75%	—	1.45%

The Revolving Facility and the 2022 Term Loan Facility include a sustainability component whereby pricing can improve upon our achievement of certain sustainability ratings, determined via an independent third-party evaluation.

In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal, we are required to pay certain facility and unused commitment fees. Under the Credit Facility, we are required to pay a facility fee ranging from 0.10% to 0.30%. We are also required to pay customary letter of credit fees.

Prepayments and Amortization

No principal reductions are required under the Credit Facility or the 2022 Term Loan Facility. We are permitted to voluntarily repay amounts outstanding under the 2020 Term Loan Facility at any time without premium or penalty, subject to certain minimum amounts and the payment of customary “breakage” costs with respect to Term SOFR loans. We are also permitted to voluntarily repay amounts outstanding under the 2022 Term Loan Facility (a) on or prior to the first anniversary of the closing subject to a 2.0% prepayment fee, (b) on or prior to the second anniversary of the closing subject to a 1.0% prepayment fee, and (c) at any time thereafter without premium or penalty. Once repaid, no further borrowings will be permitted under the Term Loan Facilities.

Loan Covenants

The Credit Facility and the 2022 Term Loan Facility contain certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. Such covenants will, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability and that of our subsidiaries to (i) engage in certain mergers, consolidations, or liquidations, (ii) sell, lease, or transfer all or substantially all of their respective assets, (iii) engage in certain transactions with affiliates, (iv) make changes to our fiscal year, (v) make changes in the nature of our business and our subsidiaries, and (vi) enter into certain burdensome agreements.

The Credit Facility and the 2022 Term Loan Facility also require us, on a consolidated basis with our subsidiaries, to maintain a (i) maximum total leverage ratio, (ii) maximum secured leverage ratio, (iii) maximum unencumbered leverage ratio, (iv) minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, (v) minimum unsecured interest coverage ratio, and (vi) maximum secured recourse. If at any time we do not have an investment grade rating, as defined in the Credit Facility agreement, we will also be required to maintain a maximum secured recourse leverage ratio. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the Credit Facility and the 2022 Term Loan Facility are entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due thereunder.

25

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Guarantees

On September 17, 2021, as a result of the execution of a parent guaranty agreement, the obligations under the Credit Facility became guaranteed on a joint and several basis by INVH and two of its wholly owned subsidiaries, the General Partner and IH Merger Sub. In connection with the 2022 Term Loan Facility, we entered into a similar parent guaranty agreement with INVH, the General Partner, and IH Merger Sub.

Debt Maturities Schedule

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of our debt as of March 31, 2024:

Year	Mortgage Loans(1)		Secured Term Loan		Unsecured Notes		Term Loan Facilities(2)		Revolving Facility(2)		Total
2024	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
2025	638,163		—		—		2,500,000		—		3,138,163
2026	—		—		—		—		—		—
2027	990,855		—		—		—		—		990,855
2028	—		—		750,000		—		—		750,000
Thereafter	—		403,129		2,600,000		725,000		—		3,728,129
Total	1,629,018		403,129		3,350,000		3,225,000		—		8,607,147
Less: deferred financing costs, net	(5,838)		(1,560)		(23,555)		(11,096)		—		(42,049)
Less: unamortized debt discount	(1,144)		—		(19,572)		—		—		(20,716)
Total	$	1,622,036	$	401,569	$	3,306,873	$	3,213,904	$	—	$	8,544,382

(1)The maturity dates of the obligations are reflective of all extensions that have been exercised as of March 31, 2024. If fully extended, we would have no mortgage loans maturing before 2026. Such extensions are available provided there is no continuing event of default under the respective mortgage loan agreement and the Borrower Entity obtains and delivers to the lender a replacement interest rate cap agreement from an approved counterparty within the required timeframe.

(2)If we exercise the two six month extension options, the maturity date for the 2020 Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Facility will be January 31, 2026.

Note 8—Derivative Instruments

From time to time, we enter into derivative instruments to manage the economic risk of changes in interest rates. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative or trading purposes. Designated hedges are derivatives that meet the criteria for hedge accounting and that we have elected to designate as hedges. Non-designated hedges are derivatives that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting or that we did not elect to designate as hedges.

Designated Hedges

We have entered into various interest rate swap agreements, which are used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate interest payments. Each of our swap agreements is designated for hedge accounting purposes and is currently indexed to one month Term SOFR. On April 18, 2023, we completed a series of transactions related to certain of our variable rate debt and derivative agreements that were originally indexed to LIBOR to effectuate a transition to Term SOFR. All of our LIBOR-indexed interest rate swap agreements have been amended or modified such that each agreement is now indexed to Term SOFR. See Note 2 for additional information about reference rate reform and our transition from LIBOR. Changes in the fair value of these swaps are recorded in other comprehensive income and are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period in which the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings.

26

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

The table below summarizes our interest rate swap instruments as of March 31, 2024:

Agreement Date	Forward Effective Date	Maturity Date	Strike Rate	Index	Notional Amount
April 18, 2023	March 31, 2023	January 31, 2025	2.80%	One month Term SOFR	$	400,000
April 18, 2023	March 31, 2023	November 30, 2024	2.83%	One month Term SOFR	400,000
April 18, 2023	April 15, 2023	November 30, 2024	2.78%	One month Term SOFR	400,000
April 18, 2023	April 15, 2023	February 28, 2025	2.79%	One month Term SOFR	400,000
April 18, 2023	April 15, 2023	June 9, 2025	2.94%	One month Term SOFR	325,000
April 18, 2023	April 15, 2023	June 9, 2025	2.95%	One month Term SOFR	595,000
April 18, 2023	April 15, 2023	July 9, 2025	2.83%	One month Term SOFR	1,100,000
April 18, 2023	April 15, 2023	July 31, 2025	3.08%	One month Term SOFR	200,000
March 22, 2023	July 9, 2025	May 31, 2029	2.99%	One month Term SOFR	300,000

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we terminated interest rate swaps or portions thereof and paid the counterparties $13,292 in connection with these terminations. There were no such terminations during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, interest rate swap instruments were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate interest payments. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable-rate debt. During the next 12 months, we estimate that $63,260 will be reclassified to earnings as a decrease in interest expense.

Non-Designated Hedges

Concurrent with entering into certain of the mortgage loan agreements, we entered into or acquired and maintain interest rate cap agreements with terms and notional amounts equivalent to the terms and amounts of the mortgage loans made by the third-party lenders. To the extent that the maturity date of a mortgage loan is extended through an exercise of one or more extension options, a replacement or extension interest rate cap agreement must be executed with terms similar to those associated with the initial interest rate cap agreement and strike prices equal to the greater of the interest rate cap strike price and the interest rate at which the debt service coverage ratio (as defined) is not less than 1.2 to 1.0. The interest rate cap agreement, including all of our rights to payments owed by the counterparties and all other rights, has been pledged as additional collateral for the mortgage loan. Additionally, in certain instances, in order to minimize the cash impact of purchasing required interest rate caps, we simultaneously sell interest rate caps (which have identical terms and notional amounts) such that the purchase price and sales proceeds of the related interest rate caps are intended to offset each other. As of March 31, 2024, the remaining interest rate cap has a strike price of 8.95%.

27

INVITATION HOMES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Asset Derivatives					Liability Derivatives
		Fair Value as of					Fair Value as of
	Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	$	84,339	$	75,487	Other liabilities	$	—	$	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate caps	Other assets	—		1		Other liabilities	—		—
Total		$	84,339	$	75,488		$	—	$	—

Offsetting Derivatives

We enter into master netting arrangements, which reduce risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. The tables below present a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of our derivatives as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2024
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/ Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets/ Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
Offsetting assets:
Derivatives	$	84,339	$	—	$	84,339	$	—	$	—	$	84,339
Offsetting liabilities:
Derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	—