EX-99.(P)(VIII) 10 expviiiwealthbuilderscoe.htm EX-99.(P)(VIII) CODE OF ETHICS OF WEALTH BUILDER FUNDS, LLC Ex (p)(viii) Wealth Builders COE
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CODE OF ETHICS WITH INSIDER TRADING POLICY
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Wealth Builder Funds LLC (the “Firm” or “Advisor”)
AMENDED AND RESTATED DECEMBER 1, 2023
1.1 OVERVIEW
This Code of Ethics (the “Code”) has been adopted by the Firm, as the investment advisor to, the
Fund(s), in compliance with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940
Act”) and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act). 
All Supervised Persons of the Firm must comply with all applicable federal securities laws.
The 1940 Act prohibits the Firm and its employees, in connection with the purchase and sale,
directly or indirectly, of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund(s) to a) employ any device,
scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund(s); b) make any untrue statement of a material fact to the
Fund(s) or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the
Fund(s), in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; c) engage in
any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the
Fund(s); or d) engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund(s).   
The Code is based on the principle that every officer, interested director, partner, employee, or
any Supervised Person of the Firm, including all Access Persons, is to always place the interests
of all Clients of the Firm before his or her own personal interests. Each officer, interested
director, partner, employee, or any Supervised Person of the Firm, including certain outsourced
third-party service providers covered by this Code, are to avoid any actual or potential conflicts
of interest with the Firm and the Firm’s Clients and must comply with the applicable provisions
of the Code in all personal securities transactions. 
Questions concerning this Code should be directed to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Firm.
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1) “Access Person” means:
a)Any of the Firm’s Supervised Persons:
i)Who has access to nonpublic information regarding any clients' purchase or sale of
any Reportable Security as defined herein, or nonpublic information regarding the
portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund, also defined herein, or
ii)Who is involved in making securities recommendations to clients, or who has
access to such recommendations that are nonpublic.
b)If providing investment advice is your primary business, all your directors, officers
and partners are presumed to be Access Persons.
In addition to the above, the Firm considers all full-time employees of the Firm who have
any access to non-public information regarding the investment decisions,
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recommendations, or knowledge of portfolio holdings or potential portfolio holdings of any
Firm Client to be Access Persons. 
Any other full-time, part-time, temporary, intern, contract person, or outsourced third-party
service providers who perform administrative or non-investment functions for the Firm and
who do not meet the definition of Access Person, as defined above, will not be deemed
Access Persons.
An Access Person may include any outsourced service provider who other than not being
employed by the Firm, meets the criteria of being an Access Person. 
It is the Firm’s policy that all Supervised Persons, which includes all Access Persons, will
be subject to the applicable provisions of the Code and their compliance with the Code is
the responsibility of the Firm. 
2)“Automatic Investment Plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or
withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a
predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend
reinvestment plan as well as a 401k plan in which automatic payroll deductions are made
on a regular schedule.
3)“Beneficial Ownership” will be interpreted in the same manner as it would be in
determining whether a person has beneficial ownership of a security as outlined in Section
16a-1(a)(2) of the 1934 Act. The determination of direct or indirect beneficial ownership
shall apply to all securities which a Supervised Person has or acquires. For purposes of this
policy, “Beneficial Ownership” includes securities held by:
Your spouse, minor children or relatives who share the same house with you;
An estate for your benefit;
A trust, of which (a) you are a trustee or you or members of your immediate family
have a vested interest in the income or corpus of the trust, or (b) you own a vested
beneficial interest, or (c) you are the grantor and you have the power to revoke the
trust without the consent of all beneficiaries;
A partnership in which you are a partner;
A corporation (other than with respect to treasury shares of the corporation) of
which you are an officer, director, or 10% shareholder;
Any other person if, by reason of contract, understanding, relationship, agreement,
or other arrangement, you obtain benefits substantially equivalent to those of
ownership; and
Your spouse or minor children or any other person, if, even though you do not
obtain from them benefits of ownership, you can vest or re-vest title in yourself at
once or at some future time.
A beneficial owner of a security also includes any person who, directly or indirectly,
through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares
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voting power and/or investment power with respect to such security. Voting power
includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of such security, and investment power
includes the power to dispose, or direct the disposition of such security. A person is the
beneficial owner of a security if he or she has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of
such security at any time within sixty days.
4)“Brokerage Account(s)” means any account with a broker, dealer, or bank that may hold
securities.
5)“CCO” means the Firm's Chief Compliance Officer. The CCO is an Access Person and
Supervised Person of the Firm.
6)“Client” means any person or entity for which the Firm acts as an investment adviser or
subadviser.
7)“Compliance” refers to any member of the Compliance team who has been delegated
responsibility by the CCO or Executive Officer of the Firm to perform general or specific
compliance functions. Compliance includes the CCO and may also include an outsourced
service provider who has entered into a contractual agreement with the Firm to provide
compliance related services, including the services of CCO.
8)“Control” has the same meaning as set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company
Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). In summary, control means the power to exercise a
controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is
solely the result of an official position with such company.
9)“ETFs” are Exchange Traded Funds organized as open-end and closed-end investment
companies and those issued by Unit Investment Trusts. 
10)“Excluded Securities” include the following securities:
Direct obligations of the United States government;
Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other
high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;
Shares issued by any money market fund; and
Shares issued by any open-end fund other than the following, which are not
Excluded Securities: (i) any investment company registered under the 1940 Act
whose investment advisor or principal underwriter is the Firm, Controls the Firm,
is Controlled by the Firm, or is under common Control with the Firm.
11)“Fund” means an investment company (mutual fund or ETF) registered under the 1940
Act. 
12)“Immediate Family Members” includes the following:
child  grandparent  son-in-law step-child  spouse  daughter-
in-law grandchild  sibling  brother-in-law parent  mother-
in-law  sister-in-law
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step-parent father-in-law
Immediate Family includes adoptive relationships and any other relationship (whether
recognized by law or not) which could lead to possible conflicts of interest, diversions of
corporate opportunity, or appearances of impropriety, which this Code is intended to
prevent.
13)“Initial Public Offering” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities
Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the
reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
14)“Limited Offering”, also known as a “Private Placement Offering” means an offering
that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933.
15)“Material Non-Public Information” refers to certain information about a company that
has not been disseminated to the public which could affect its market value and investment
decisions.
Material non-public information could be manipulated to gain an unfair advantage in the
marketplace. This is known as insider trading or insider dealing.
16)“Pre-Approval” is the process required to receive approval prior to entering into any
personal securities transaction involving the Purchase or Sale of any security or offering
that requires Pre-Approval as outlined in Section 1.4 of this Code. Pre-Approval is also
utilized in certain instances of Gifts and Entertainment and Charitable Contributions.
17)“Purchase or Sale of a Security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to
purchase or sell a security. A security is “being considered for purchase or sale” when a
recommendation to purchase or sell a security has been made and communicated, and with
respect to the person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers
making such a recommendation. Serious consideration includes the act of writing a trade
ticket and entering an order with a broker.
18)“Reportable Fund” means:
a) Any Fund(s) for which the Firm serves as an investment adviser as defined in section
2(a)(20) of the Investment Company Act of 1940; or
Any Fund(s) whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls the Firm, is
controlled by the Firm, or is under common control with the Firm. For purposes of this
section, “control” has the same meaning as it does in section 2(a)(9) of the Investment
Company Act of 1940; or
For the purposes of our Code, Access Persons must submit any proposed
personal securities transaction in all Reportable Funds to Compliance and must
receive PreApproval prior to initiating such personal trades in a Reportable
Fund. See Section 1.4 below for more details.
19)“Reportable Security” has the same meaning as set forth in Section 202(a)(18) of the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and includes:
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any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of
interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate,
preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-
trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas,
or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security
(including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any
interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege
entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general,
any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security," or any certificate of interest or
participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, or warrant or
right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing.
For the purposes of this Code all ETFs are considered to be a Reportable Security, but do
not require Pre-Approval unless the ETF is a Reportable Fund. 
A Reportable Security, other than as outlined in this Code, does not require
PreApproval, but must be included in any required reporting.
20)“Supervised Person” has the same meaning as set forth in Section 202(a)(25) of the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940.  In summary, a Supervised Person is any officer,
director, partner, and employee of an Adviser, and any other person who provides advice
on behalf of an Adviser and is subject to the Adviser’s supervision and control.
1.3 STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
The Firm believes all its Supervised Persons, as fiduciaries, have a duty of utmost good faith to
act solely in the best interests of the Firm's Clients. The Firm’s fiduciary duty compels all its
Supervised Persons to act with the utmost integrity in all dealings. This fiduciary duty is the core
principle underlying this Code and represents the Firm’s core expectations related to any
activities of its Supervised Persons. 
PERSONAL CONDUCT
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1) Giving or Receiving of Gifts or Entertainment 
No Supervised Person may give or receive any single gift or entertainment with a value of
more than $500 to/from any person that does business with or on behalf of the Firm without
specific approval in advance by Compliance. 
All gifts and entertainment requests, regardless of value, must be submitted to Compliance
in writing for review and must detail the provider/recipient of the gift or entertainment and
the nature and value of the gift or entertainment. 
If the value is under $500, submission alone is sufficient, Pre-Approval is not required,
and the documentation may be submitted after such activity has occurred.
If any single instance of providing or receiving a gift or entertainment exceeds the $500
threshold, Pre-Approval is required and the request must be submitted in writing detailing
the provider/recipient of the gift or entertainment and the nature and value of the gift or
entertainment, in advance of such activity. If advance notice is not possible, notification in
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writing should be given as soon as practical after the activity’s occurrence. The request will
include an attestation that indicates that the provider/recipient is not obligated, nor have they
committed the Firm to any activity which would cause the individual or Firm to be out of
compliance with the Code.
2) Charitable Contributions
All charitable contributions exceeding $500 made by the Firm to any charitable
organization, including those requested by a Client of the Firm, will require a request from
the individual to Compliance in writing. The contribution must be Pre-Approved in advance
of such contribution, or if advance notice is not possible, as soon as practical after such
contribution is made. No charitable contribution can be made payable directly to an
individual Client of the Firm, but rather must be made payable to the entity or organization
for whom the contribution is intended. 
If the value of the contribution is under $500, submission alone is sufficient,
PreApproval is not required, and the documentation may be submitted after such
activity has occurred.  
3) Service as Director for an Outside Company 
Supervised Persons may not serve on the Board of Directors of a publicly traded company
without submitting the directorship or affiliation to Compliance and receiving prior written
approval from Compliance. Such approval shall be based upon a documented finding by
Compliance that such service shall not be likely to result in a conflict of interest with the
Firm and the Supervised Person. Furthermore, where any conflicts of interest are identified,
Compliance will work with the Supervised Person to manage such conflicts, if possible.
4) Outside Business Activities
Supervised Persons employed by the Firm may not engage in any outside business activities
without submitting the outside business activity to Compliance and receiving prior written
approval from Compliance. If the outside business activity gives rise to conflicts of interest,
Compliance will work with the Supervised Persons to manage such conflicts, if possible.
Supervised Persons may not engage in outside business activities that will jeopardize the
integrity or reputation of the Firm. Similarly, no such outside business activities may be
inconsistent with the interest of the Firm and its Clients.
5) Protection of Material Non-Public Information
All Supervised Persons must review and comply with the Firm’s Insider Trading Policies
and Procedures in the attached Appendix to this Code.
1.4 PERSONAL SECURITIES TRADING POLICY
This Section 1.4 applies only to Access Persons.
A. General Pre-Clearance of Personal Securities Transactions
The Firm conducts transactions in Reportable Securities, which may include but is not
limited to, stocks, options, mutual funds, and ETFs. As the Firm’s asset levels are such that
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even if the entire portfolio value of our Reportable Fund(s) were traded at one time, we
would have very minimal impact on the market prices of the securities in the fund. As such,
we believe it makes the most sense not to restrict trading or require Pre-Approval in any
Reportable Securities other than Initial Public Offerings (“IPOs”), Limited Offerings
(including private placements), and our Reportable Fund(s). As such, no Access Person is
required to obtain Pre-Approval of personal securities transactions, except as noted within
this Section 1.4. This Pre-Approval requirement for Access Persons extends to any accounts
for which the Access Person has Beneficial Ownership as described in this Code and to
trusts over which the Access Person has discretionary authority. 
Notification of a prospective transaction in which Pre-Approval is required and any
subsequent approval of such a prospective transaction in which Pre-Approval is required by
Compliance can be given or received in electronic format. However, no transaction can be
initiated until such written or electronic approval is received in advance of such transaction
by the individual contemplating the transaction. Compliance will review, and upon
determination, submit any notification of approval of any transaction needing to be
approved to the individual requesting such approval.
Once written approval is received for any personal securities transaction, the individual
receiving such approval shall have two full trading days following the date of approval to
execute the transaction (i.e., a trade request approved on Monday must be executed by the
end of the day Wednesday), after which time a new written approval must be obtained if the
initial trade was not executed within the allotted timeframe. 
It is the responsibility of the individual receiving Pre-Approval to execute the trade within
the timeframe allowed. Should any trade that receives Pre-Approval be completed after the
allotted timeframe, a reversal of the trade and disgorgement of any profits may be required
at the sole discretion of Compliance given the facts of such trade activity. 
B. Initial Public Offerings and Limited Offerings
All Access Persons must obtain written Pre-Approval from Compliance before directly or
indirectly acquiring Beneficial Ownership in any security in an IPO or in a Limited
Offering, including Private Placement Offerings. Such Pre-Approval shall be based upon a
finding by Compliance in advance of such purchase that the transaction shall not be likely to
result in a conflict of interest for the Firm and the Access Person.
C. Exempted Transactions
The prohibitions, Pre-Approval, and other requirements of this policy do not apply to the
following transactions:
1)Purchases or sales of Excluded Securities as defined in this policy;
2)Purchases or sales of securities effected in any account over which the Access Person
has no direct or indirect influence or control, i.e.) a blind trust;
3)Purchases or sales of securities that are non-volitional on the part of the Access Person,
such as dividend re-investments;
4)Purchases of securities that are part of an automatic investment plan; and
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5)Purchases of securities effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata
to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from
such issuer, or sales of such rights.
1.5 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
This section 1.5 applies only to access persons.
A. Reporting Requirements by Access Persons
1) Initial & Annual Holdings Reports
Upon employment, anyone designated as an Access Person shall be required to provide
an initial report of all personal holdings in any Reportable Security or Reportable Fund
to Compliance no later than 10 calendar days after employment or after being
designated as an Access Person. Such report can be in the form of a current holdings
report or brokerage statement provided to the Firm. 
All Access Persons are further required to provide a certification to Compliance on an
annual basis no later than 45 calendar days after each calendar year end attesting that
they have caused to be submitted duplicate statements for any active Brokerage
Account. The information provided and certification will cover all personal holdings in
a Reportable Fund, as well as any transactions in Reportable Securities. Copies of
brokerage statements delivered via hard copy, or submitted electronically to
Compliance, and which contains the same information noted below will be viewed as
an acceptable form of reporting, provided they are received within thirty days of the end
of any reporting period, or in accordance with the brokerage firm’s delivery schedule.
In addition, when submitting a report, each Access Person shall certify that the
information contained in each such report is accurate, complete and that the Access
Person has reported all required information. The report described in this Section must
contain substantially the following information:
a)Security Name
b)Ticker Symbol or CUSIP number
c)Number of Shares or Par 
d)Principal Amount
e)Broker, Dealer or Bank Name
f)Date of the Report
Additionally, on at least a quarterly basis, Access Persons shall also identify all
brokerage accounts that were opened or closed during the quarter in which the Access
Person or immediate family member holds, can hold, or which held a Reportable
Security or Reportable Fund.
2) Quarterly Transaction Reports
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No later than 30 calendar days following the end of each calendar quarter, all Access
Persons, shall submit to Compliance, a certification listing all personal transactions
(“Reportable Security Transaction Report”) in any Reportable Security or Reportable
Fund (other than holdings of Excluded Securities) pursuant to which the Access Person
obtained a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership. The Reportable Security Transaction
Report must contain substantially the same information required as outlined below: 
a)The date of the transaction, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, name
and type of security, number of shares or units, price per share or unit, and total
amount of each reportable security involved;
b)The nature of the transaction (e.g., buy, sell, sell short, etc.); and 
c)The name of the broker, dealer, or bank with or through which the transaction was
effected along with the account number.
The Reportable Security Transaction Report to be filled out by each individual Access
Person will be provided in the Quarterly Report and will also contain an attestation from
the Access Person certifying the accuracy and completeness of the Reportable Security
Transaction Report within the Quarterly Report as well as any other information
Compliance may deem appropriate. If an Access Person effected no transactions during
the applicable quarter, he/she shall still submit a signed and dated Quarterly Report
indicating as such.
Brokerage statements which contain the same information noted above will be viewed
as an acceptable form of reporting, provided they are received within thirty (30) days of
the end of any reporting period, or in accordance with the brokerage firm’s delivery
schedule. Brokerage statements can be delivered via hard copy or submitted
electronically to Compliance.
As part of the Quarterly Report, each Access Persons will also report any new or closed
brokerage accounts established during the quarter covered by the Quarterly Report in
which any Reportable Security and Reportable Fund was held in which the Access
Person has direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership. A Brokerage Account as described
above in Section 1.2 – Definitions, means any account with a broker, dealer, or bank
that may hold securities.
The information to be provided with respect to the newly established Brokerage
Account should include a) the name of the broker, dealer, or bank with whom the
Access Person established the account; b) exact account title (e.g., John Smith and Jane
Smith JT TEN WROS); c) the names on the account; d) the account number; e) date the
account was opened (if known); and f) whether the account is a managed account.
The transactions listed under Section 1.4, Subsection C – Exempted Transactions, are
not required to be reported.
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B. Disclaimer of Ownership
A report may contain a statement that it shall not be construed as an admission by the person
making the report that he has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the reported
security.
C. Submission of Duplicate Periodic Statements
Each Access Person must arrange for duplicate copies of statements of all brokerage accounts
for which they have direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership, including duplicate statements
for accounts of Immediate Family Members living in the household for which they have
direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership be delivered via hardcopy or submitted
electronically to Compliance. 
If the CCO maintains any Brokerage Account which can hold, or currently holds a
Reportable Security or a Reportable Fund, duplicate copies of those statements must be
provided to Compliance.
1.6 RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS
The Firm’s CCO will keep the applicable records regarding this Code for the specified number of
years as required in the Advisers Act and also in accordance with Rule 17j-1(f) of the 1940 Act
and its associated requirements.
1.7 CERTIFICATIONS
The Code will be provided to all Supervised Persons upon engagement with the Firm. Each
Supervised Person will provide written certification initially upon receiving the Code, and then
again at any point in the future if the Code is updated and contains any material changes.
1.8 REPORTING OF VIOLATIONS
The Firm takes the potential for conflicts of interest caused by personal investing very seriously.
Accordingly, Supervised Persons that become aware of a violation of the Code are required to
promptly report such violation to the CCO, or in the event the violation involves the CCO, to the
President or other officer of the Firm. Any person who seeks to retaliate against a Supervised
Person who reports a Code violation shall be subject to sanctions. 
1.9 SANCTIONS
The Firm’s management may impose sanctions it deems appropriate upon any Supervised Person
who violates the Code. In addition, the Firm’s management may impose sanctions it deems
appropriate upon any Supervised Person who has engaged in a course of conduct that, although
in technical compliance with the Code, is part of a plan or scheme to evade the provisions of the
Code. Sanctions may include a letter of censure, suspension of employment, termination of
employment, fines, and disgorgement of profits from prohibited or restricted transactions.
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2.0 REVIEW AND SUPERVISORY REPORTING
A. Review Procedures
1)Compliance shall review reports, including any initial holdings reports, annual holdings
reports, personal securities transaction reports, quarterly transaction reports, and
brokerage statements, provided in any format, to attempt to detect possible violations of
the Code.
2)Senior management, or the CCO of the Firm, shall review this Code annually.   
B. Reporting Procedures
1)Compliance shall promptly report to the CCO, or to the Firm’s senior management if
any issue involves the CCO: (a) any transaction that appears to be in violation of the
prohibitions contained in this Code; (b) any apparent violations of the reporting
requirements contained in this Code; and (c) any procedures or sanctions imposed in
response to a violation of this Code, including but not limited to a letter of censure,
suspension or termination of the employment of the violator as imposed by the
President of the Firm, or the unwinding of the transaction and disgorgement of the
profits.
2)In addition, the CCO will include this information in the CCO’s Annual Report to be
completed in accordance with Rule 206(4)-7. 
3)The CCO will also include the following information, as is deemed appropriate and
applicable, in the CCO’s Annual Report in accordance with Rule 206(4)-7: 
a)a copy of the current Code; 
b)a summary of any changes in the Code's policies or procedures during the past
year; 
c)a description of any issues arising under the Code or its procedures since the
last report, including but not limited to, information about material violations
of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to material violations; 
d)an evaluation of the current Code and a report on any recommended changes to
the Code based upon the CCO's experience, evolving industry practices, or
developments in applicable laws or regulations; and 
e)a certification that the Firm has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to
prevent Supervised Persons, including all Access Persons, from violating the
Code.
APPENDIX
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INSIDER TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988 ("ITSFEA") requires that all
investment advisers and broker-dealers establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures
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designed to detect and prevent the misuse of material non-public information by such investment adviser
and/or broker-dealer, or any person associated with the investment adviser and/or broker-dealer.
Section 204A of the Advisers Act states that an investment adviser must adopt and disseminate written
policies with respect to ITSFEA, and an investment adviser must also vigilantly review, update, and
enforce them.  Section 204A provides that every adviser subject to Section 204 of the Advisers Act shall
be required to establish procedures to prevent insider trading.
The Firm has adopted the following policy, procedures, and supervisory procedures in addition to the
Code of Ethics.
SECTION I POLICY
The purpose of this Section 1 is to familiarize the officers, directors, and employees of the Firm with
issues concerning insider trading and to assist them in putting into context the policy and procedures on
insider trading.
POLICY STATEMENT:
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No person to whom this Statement on Insider Trading applies, including officers, directors, and
employees, may trade, either personally or on behalf of others (such as private accounts managed by the
Firm) while in possession of material, non-public information; nor may any officer, director, or
employee of the Firm communicate material, non-public information to others in violation of the law.
This conduct is frequently referred to as "insider trading." This policy applies to every officer, director,
and employee of the Firm and extends to activities within and outside their duties with the Firm. It
covers not only personal transactions of Firm Personnel, but indirect trading by family, friends and
others, or the nonpublic distribution of inside information from you to others. Every officer, director,
and employee must read and retain this policy statement. Any questions regarding the policy and
procedures should be referred to Compliance.
The term "insider trading" is not defined in the Federal securities laws, but generally is used to refer to
the use of material non-public information to trade in securities (whether or not one is an "insider") or
the communications of material nonpublic information to others who may then seek to benefit from such
information.
While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits:
a)Trading by an insider, while in possession of material non-public information; or
b)Trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material non-public information, where the
information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider's duty to keep it
confidential or was misappropriated; or
c)Communicating material non-public information to others.
The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct are discussed below.
1)Who is an Insider? The concept of "insider" is broad.  It includes officers, directors, and
employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a "temporary insider" if he or she enters
into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company's affairs and as a result is
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given access to information solely for the company's purposes. A temporary insider can include,
among others, a company's attorneys, accountants, consultants, bank lending officers, and the
employees of such organizations. In addition, an investment adviser may become a temporary
insider of a company it advises or for which it performs other services.  According to the
Supreme Court, the company must expect the outsider to keep the disclosed non-public
information confidential and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider
will be considered an insider.
2)What is Material Information? Trading on inside information can be the basis for liability when
the information is material. In general, information is "material" when there is a substantial
likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her
investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the
price of a company's securities. Information that officers, directors, and employees should
consider material includes, but is not limited to dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in
previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or
agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems, a significant cybersecurity incident
experienced by the company that has not yet been made public, and extraordinary management
developments.
3)What is Non-Public Information? Information is non-public until it has been effectively
communicated to the marketplace. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the
information is generally public.  For example, information found in a report filed with the SEC,
or appearing in Dow Jones, Reuters Economic Services, the Wall Street Journal, or other
publications of general circulation would be considered public. (Depending on the nature of the
information, and the type and timing of the filing or other public release, it may be appropriate
to allow for adequate time for the information to be "effectively" disseminated.)
4)Reason for Liability. (a) Fiduciary duty theory - in 1980, the Supreme Court found that there is
no general duty to disclose before trading on material non-public information, but that such a
duty arises only where there is a direct or indirect fiduciary relationship with the issuer or its
agents. That is, there must be a relationship between the parties to the transaction such that one
party has a right to expect that the other party will disclose any material non-public information
or refrain from trading; (b) Misappropriation theory - another basis for insider trading liability is
the, 'misappropriation" theory, where liability is established when trading occurs on material
nonpublic information that was stolen or misappropriated from any other person.
5)Penalties for Insider Trading. Penalties for trading on or communicating material non-public
information are severe, both for individuals and their employers. A person can be subject to
some or all of the penalties below even if he or she does not personally benefit from the
violation. Penalties include:
a)civil injunctions
b)treble damages
c)disgorgement of profits
d)jail sentences
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e)fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three times the profit gained,
or loss avoided, whether or not the person actually benefited, and 
f)fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the greater of $1 million or
three times the amount of the profit gained, or loss avoided.
In addition, any violation of this policy statement can be expected to result in serious sanctions
by the Firm, including dismissal of the persons involved.
SECTION II - PROCEDURES
The following procedures have been established to aid the officers, directors, and employees of the Firm
in avoiding insider trading, and to aid in preventing, detecting, and imposing sanctions against insider
trading.  Every officer, director, and employee of the Firm must follow these procedures or risk serious
sanctions, including dismissal, substantial personal liability, and/or criminal penalties.  If you have any
questions about these procedures, you should consult with Compliance.
1)Identifying Inside Information. Before trading for yourself or others, including private accounts
managed by the Firm, in the securities of a company about which you may have potential inside
information, ask yourself the following questions:
i)Is the information material? Is this information that an investor would consider important in
making his or her investment decisions? Is this information that would substantially affect
the market price of the securities if generally disclosed?
ii)Is the information non-public? To whom has this information been provided? Has the
information been effectively communicated to the marketplace by being published in
Reuters, The Wall Street Journal, or other publications of general circulation?
If, after consideration of the above, you believe that the information is material and non-public,
or if you have questions as to whether the information is material and non-public, you should
take the following steps:
i)Report the matter immediately to Compliance.
ii)Do not purchase or sell the security on behalf of yourself or others, including investment
companies or private accounts managed by a Provider.
iii)Do not communicate the information to anybody, other than to Compliance.
iv)After Compliance has reviewed the issue, you will be instructed to either continue the
prohibitions against trading and communication, or you will be allowed to communicate the
information and then trade.
2)Restricting Access to Material Non-public Information. Any information in your possession that
you identify as material and non-public may not be communicated other than in the course of
performing your duties to anyone, including persons within your company, except as provided
in paragraph I above. In addition, care should be taken so that such information is secure. For
example, files containing material non-public information should be sealed; access to computer
files containing material non-public information should be restricted.
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3)Resolving Issues Concerning Insider Trading. If, after consideration of the items set forth in
paragraph 1, doubt remains as to whether information is material or non-public, or if there is any
unresolved question as to the applicability or interpretation of the foregoing procedures, or as to
the propriety of any action, it must be discussed with Compliance before trading or
communicating the information to anyone.
SECTION III SUPERVISION
The role of the Chief Compliance Officer is critical to the implementation and maintenance of this
Statement on Insider Trading. These supervisory procedures can be divided into two classifications, (1)
the prevention of insider trading, and (2) the detection of insider trading.
1)Prevention of Insider Trading
To prevent insider trading the compliance official should:
a)Answer promptly any questions regarding the Statement on Insider Trading; 
b)Resolve issues of whether information received by an officer, director, or employee is
material and non-public;
c)Update as necessary this Statement on Insider Trading;
d)Ensure that all personnel are made aware of, review, and attest to any material changes to
this document; and 
e)If it has been determined that an officer, director, or employee has come into possession of
any material non-public information,
i)Implement measures to prevent dissemination of such information, and
ii)If necessary, restrict officers, directors, and employees from trading the affected
securities.
2)Detection of Insider Trading
To detect insider trading, Compliance should:
a)Cause to be reviewed in any manner deemed appropriate, including through the use of
Orion Compliance, trading activity of Access Persons;
b)Coordinate, if necessary, the review of applicable reports or trading activity with other
members of Compliance, appropriate officers, directors, or Access Persons of the Firm.
3)Special Reports to Management
Promptly, upon learning of a potential violation of the Statement on Insider Trading, the Chief
Compliance Officer must prepare a written report to management of the Firm providing full
details and recommendations for further action.
4)Annual Reports
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On an annual basis, the Chief Compliance Officer will include the information below, as may be
applicable, in the Chief Compliance Officer’s Annual Report to be completed in accordance
with Rule 206(4)-7. The report to the management of the Firm will set forth the following:
a)Full details of any investigation, either internal or by a regulatory agency, of any suspected
insider trading and the results of such investigation; and
b)Any recommendations for improvement of this Statement on Insider Trading.
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