Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(514,021	)	$	(384,734	)	$	(255,916	)
Premium paid on repurchase of redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			(4,127		)	—
Cumulative dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock	—			(12,996		)	(13,925		)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(514,021	)	$	(401,857	)	$	(269,841	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	330,802,136			81,114,183			64,497,544
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(1.55	)	$	(4.95	)	$	(4.18	)

The following common stock equivalents, presented based on amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:



	December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Redeemable convertible preferred stock	—	—	205,151,299
Stock options	45,536,915	50,821,132	33,684,134
Restricted common stock	—	198,597	1,081,205
Restricted common stock units	1,177,249	458,715	458,715
	46,714,164	51,478,444	240,375,353