10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                         to                        

Commission File Number: 001-37997

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	81-3467779
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

568 East Main Street, Branford, CT 06405

(Address of principal executive offices)

(203) 433-4736

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒     Yes    ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒    Yes    ☐     No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ☐     Yes    ☒     No

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Ticker symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, par value $.001 per share	SACH	NYSE American LLC
7.125% Notes due 2024	SCCB	NYSE American LLC
6.875% Notes due 2024	SACC	NYSE American LLC
7.75% Notes due 2025	SCCC	NYSE American LLC
6.00% Notes due 2026	SCCD	NYSE American LLC
6.00% Notes due 2027	SCCE	NYSE American LLC
7.125% Notes due 2027	SCCF	NYSE American LLC
8.00% Notes due 2027	SCCG	NYSE American LLC
7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Liquidation Preference $25.00 per share	SACHPRA	NYSE American LLC

As of November 10, 2023, the Issuer had a total of 45,356,429 common shares, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page Number
Part I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022 (audited)	1
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three-Month and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	2
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three-Month and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three-Month and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	39
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
Part II	OTHER INFORMATION	40
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40
Item 6.	Exhibits	41
SIGNATURES		44
EXHIBITS

i

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, strategy and plans, and our expectations for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “seek,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “likely,” “continue,” “design,” and the negative of such terms and other words and terms of similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks, uncertainties and assumptions, some of which are described in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. In addition, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. We disclaim any duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this report to confirm these statements in relationship to actual results or revised expectations.

All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements as well as others made in this report. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made by us in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to “Sachem Capital,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Sachem Capital Corp., a New York corporation.

ii

PART I.        FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)		(audited)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,811,964	$	23,713,097
Investment securities		37,044,657		24,576,462
Mortgages receivable, net		495,917,840		460,633,268
Investments in rental real estate, net		10,434,591		—
Interest and fees receivable		7,922,415		6,309,845
Due from borrowers		7,415,413		5,276,967
Real estate owned		3,481,177		5,216,149
Investments in partnerships		39,959,110		30,831,180
Property and equipment, net		3,433,613		4,121,721
Other assets		6,427,159		4,983,173
Total assets	$	637,847,939	$	565,661,862
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Unsecured notes payable (net of deferred financing costs of $6,641,817 and $8,352,597)	$	281,759,933	$	280,049,153
Repurchase facility		47,929,713		42,533,466
Mortgage payable		1,100,635		750,000
Line of credit		51,339,905		3,587,894
Accrued dividends payable		—		5,342,160
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		2,060,788		1,439,219
Advances from borrowers		12,505,033		9,892,164
Below-market lease intangible		664,737		—
Deferred revenue		4,959,079		4,360,452
Total liabilities		402,319,823		347,954,508
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred shares - $.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 2,903,000 shares designated as Series A Preferred Stock; 1,996,000 and 1,903,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		1,996		1,903
Common shares - $.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 45,364,429 and 41,093,536 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		45,364		41,094
Paid-in capital		243,834,113		226,220,990
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(459,684)		(561,490)
Accumulated deficit		(7,893,673)		(7,995,143)
Total shareholders’ equity		235,528,116		217,707,354
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	637,847,939	$	565,661,862

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

1

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue:
Interest income from loans	$	14,273,858	$	11,545,748	$	37,155,668	$	30,490,694
Investment gain, net		284,841		238,225		893,510		586,166
Income from partnership investments		781,530		523,067		2,337,731		1,112,560
Origination and modification fees, net		1,194,645		1,669,034		4,434,828		5,759,650
Fee and other income		1,239,552		641,749		3,518,132		2,048,921
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities		(239,989)		(1,076,836)		360,610		(3,607,498)
Total revenue		17,534,437		13,540,987		48,700,479		36,390,493
Operating costs and expenses:
Interest and amortization of deferred financing costs		7,683,059		5,974,975		21,694,966		15,083,228
Compensation, fees and taxes		1,735,430		1,509,518		5,077,213		3,691,421
General and administrative expenses		1,321,807		715,994		3,537,266		1,993,812
Other expenses		336,480		90,899		633,025		320,231
(Gain) Loss on sale of real estate		198,849		962		71,988		(121,381)
(Recovery of) provision for loan losses		(131,382)		—		65,065		105,000
Impairment loss		200,000		195,000		612,500		685,500
Total operating costs and expenses		11,344,243		8,487,348		31,692,023		21,757,811
Net income		6,190,194		5,053,639		17,008,456		14,632,682
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock		(966,754)		(921,766)		(2,816,279)		(2,765,297)
Net income attributable to common shareholders		5,223,440		4,131,873		14,192,177		11,867,385
Other comprehensive loss
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities		(83,606)		(131,569)		101,806		(81,525)
Comprehensive income	$	5,139,834	$	4,000,304	$	14,293,983	$	11,785,860
Basic and diluted net income per common share outstanding:
Basic	$	0.12	$	0.11	$	0.32	$	0.32
Diluted	$	0.12	$	0.11	$	0.32	$	0.32
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		44,754,921		38,829,610		43,805,310		36,723,305
Diluted		44,754,921		38,829,852		43,805,310		36,729,184

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

2

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

	FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
									Accumulated
							Additional		Other
	Preferred Shares			Common Shares			Paid in		Comprehensive		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Totals
Balance, July 1, 2023	1,927,603	$	1,928	43,822,050	$	43,822	$	236,595,201	$	(376,078)	$	(7,222,078)	$	229,042,795
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, net of expenses	68,276		68	—		—		1,378,133		—		—		1,378,201
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses	—		—	1,542,379		1,542		5,639,808		—		—		5,641,350
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		—		220,971		—		—		220,971
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	—		—	—		—		—		(83,606)		—		(83,606)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock	—		—	—		—		—		—		(966,754)		(966,754)
Dividends paid on common shares	—		—	—		—		—		—		(5,895,035)		(5,895,035)
Net income for the period ended September 30, 2023	—		—	—		—		—		—		6,190,194		6,190,194
Balance, September 30, 2023	1,995,879	$	1,996	45,364,429	$	45,364	$	243,834,113	$	(459,684)	$	(7,893,673)	$	235,528,116

	FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022
									Accumulated
							Additional		Other
	Preferred Shares			Common Shares			Paid in		Comprehensive		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Totals
Balance, July 1, 2022	1,903,000	$	1,903	36,755,786	$	36,756	$	206,973,510	$	(425,972)	$	(1,583,202)	$	205,002,995
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses	—		—	3,309,886		3,310		15,420,273		—		—		15,423,583
Stock based compensation	—		—	15,000		15		127,000		—		—		127,015
Unrealized loss on marketable securities	—		—	—		—		—		(131,569)		—		(131,569)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock	—		—	—		—		—		—		(921,766)		(921,766)
Dividends paid on common shares	—		—	—		—		—		—		(5,253,923)		(5,253,923)
Net income for the period ended September 30, 2022	—		—	—		—		—		—		5,053,639		5,053,639
Balance, September 30, 2022	1,903,000	$	1,903	40,080,672	$	40,081	$	222,520,783	$	(557,541)	$	(2,705,252)	$	219,299,974

3

	FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
									Accumulated
							Additional		Other
	Preferred Shares			Common Shares			Paid in		Comprehensive		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Totals
Balance, January 1, 2023	1,903,000	$	1,903	41,093,536	$	41,094	$	226,220,990	$	(561,490)	$	(7,995,143)	$	217,707,354
Adoption of ASU 2016-13	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,489,574)		(2,489,574)
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, net of expenses	92,879		93	—		—		1,895,110		—		—		1,895,203
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses	—		—	4,158,503		4,158		15,327,773		—		—		15,331,931
Repurchase of common shares	—		—	(71,000)		(71)		(226,256)		—		—		(226,327)
Stock based compensation	—		—	183,390		183		616,496		—		—		616,679
Unrealized loss on investments	—		—	—		—		—		101,806		—		101,806
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,816,279)		(2,816,279)
Dividends paid on common shares	—		—	—		—		—		—		(11,601,133)		(11,601,133)
Net income for the period ended September 30, 2023	—		—	—		—		—		—		17,008,456		17,008,456
Balance, September 30, 2023	1,995,879	$	1,996	45,364,429	$	45,364	$	243,834,113	$	(459,684)	$	(7,893,673)	$	235,528,116

	FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022
									Accumulated
							Additional		Other
	Preferred Shares			Common Shares			Paid in		Comprehensive		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Totals
Balance, January 1, 2022	1,903,000	$	1,903	32,730,004	$	32,730	$	185,516,394	$	(476,016)	$	(4,992,450)	$	180,082,561
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses	—		—	7,177,043		7,177		36,647,242		—		—		36,654,419
Exercise of warrants	—		—	19,658		20		(20)		—		—		—
Stock based compensation	—		—	153,967		154		357,167		—		—		357,321
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	—		—			—		—		(81,525)		—		(81,525)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock	—		—			—		—		—		(2,765,297)		(2,765,297)
Dividends paid on common shares	—		—			—		—		—		(9,580,187)		(9,580,187)
Net income for the period ended September 30, 2022	—		—			—		—		—		14,632,682		14,632,682
Balance, September 30, 2022	1,903,000	$	1,903	40,080,672	$	40,081	$	222,520,783	$	(557,541)	$	(2,705,252)	$	219,299,974

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

4

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	17,008,456	$	14,632,682
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred financing costs and bond discount		1,832,236		1,664,822
Depreciation expense		169,368		66,533
Write-off of other assets - pre-offering costs		477,047		—
Stock based compensation		616,679		357,321
Provision for credit losses		65,065		105,000
Impairment loss		612,500		685,500
(Gain) Loss on sale of real estate		71,988		(121,381)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities		(360,610)		3,607,498
Gain on sale of investment securities		—		148,565
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in:
Interest and fees receivable		(1,641,747)		(2,154,704)
Other assets - miscellaneous		(1,235,523)		(418,176)
Due from borrowers		(2,170,729)		(1,505,785)
Other assets - prepaid expenses		192,370		153,842
(Decrease) increase in:
Accrued Interest		54,660		431,110
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		41,423		53,818
Deferred revenue		598,627		(171,690)
Advances from borrowers		2,612,869		(5,129,286)
Total adjustments		1,936,223		(2,227,013)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES		18,944,679		12,405,669
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of investment securities		(21,064,492)		(39,715,900)
Proceeds from the sale of investment securities		9,060,095		62,160,599
Purchase of interests in investment partnerships, net		(9,120,284)		(16,487,103)
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned		148,842		1,571,467
Acquisitions of and improvements to real estate owned, net		(214,642)		(101,168)
Proceeds from sale (purchases) of property and equipment, net		518,740		(1,292,160)
Investment in rental real estate, net		(10,725,237)		—
Principal disbursements for mortgages receivable		(159,678,482)		(252,370,675)
Principal collections on mortgages receivable		123,495,534		95,173,969
Other assets - pre-offering costs		—		(166,360)
NET CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(67,579,926)		(151,227,331)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds from (repayment of) line of credit		47,752,011		(29,635,178)
Net proceeds from repurchase facility		5,396,247		24,012,957
Proceeds from mortgage		350,635		—
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities - principal payments on other notes		(6,014)		(20,161)
Dividends paid on common shares		(16,943,293)		(13,507,787)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock		(2,816,279)		(2,765,297)
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of expenses		15,331,931		36,654,419
Repurchase of common shares		(226,327)		—
Proceeds from issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, net of expenses		1,895,203		—
Gross proceeds from issuance of fixed rate notes		—		122,125,000
Financings costs incurred in connection with fixed rate notes		—		(4,516,931)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES		50,734,114		132,347,022
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		2,098,867		(6,474,640)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF YEAR		23,713,097		41,938,897
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD	$	25,811,964	$	35,464,257

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

5

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (Continued)

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION
Interest paid	$	19,852,023	$	13,012,805

Real estate acquired in connection with the foreclosure of certain mortgages, inclusive of interest and other fees receivable, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled to $1,186,663 and $1,091,348, respectively. Increase in mortgage receivable from sale of real estate owned during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled to $2,487,568.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

6

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

1.    The Company

Sachem Capital Corp. (the “Company”), a New York corporation, specializes in originating, underwriting, funding, servicing and managing a portfolio of first mortgage loans. The Company offers short term (i.e., one to three years), secured, non-bank loans (sometimes referred to as “hard money” loans) to real estate owners and investors to fund their acquisition, renovation, development, rehabilitation or improvement of properties located primarily in Connecticut, New York and Florida. The properties securing the Company’s loans are generally classified as residential or commercial real estate and, typically, are held for resale or investment. Each loan is secured by a first mortgage lien on real estate and may also be secured with additional collateral, such as other real estate owned by the borrower or its principals, a pledge of the ownership interests in the borrower by the principals thereof, and/or personal guarantees by the principals of the borrower. The Company does not lend to owner occupants. The Company’s primary underwriting criteria is a conservative loan to value ratio. In addition, the Company may participate in real estate loans made by third parties or invest in third parties that make real estate loans.

2.    Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results of operations for the three months and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be attained in the entire fiscal year, or for any subsequent period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on (a) various assumptions that are based on experience, (b) projections regarding future operations and (c) general financial market and local and general economic conditions. Actual amounts could materially differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all demand deposits, cashier’s checks, money market accounts and certificates of deposit with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at multiple financial institutions. The aggregate amounts held at each institution typically exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit. The Company does not believe that the risk is significant.

Investment Securities

The Company considers all highly liquid interest-earning investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The fair values of these investments approximate their carrying values. Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade-date basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date and interest is recognized on the accrual basis.

Debt investments are classified as available-for-sale and realized gains and losses are recorded using the specific identification method. Changes in fair value, excluding credit losses and impairments, are recorded in other comprehensive income. Fair value is calculated based on publicly available market information or other estimates determined by management. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, general market conditions, credit quality of debt instrument issuers, and the extent to which the fair value is less than cost. If qualitative factors indicate an available-for-sale debt

7

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

security may be credit impaired, the loss is measured as the excess of carrying value over the present value of expected cash flows, limited to the excess of carrying value over fair value. To determine credit losses, the Company may employ a systematic methodology that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence. In addition, the Company considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of, and business outlook for, the person or entity for which it is providing credit. If the Company has plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, then a decline in fair value below cost is recorded as an impairment charge in net income and a new cost basis in the investment is established. If there are adverse changes in the markets or industries in which the borrower operates, or there is a deterioration in the financial health, business outlook or other conditions of the person or entity to which it provided credit, the Company may incur future impairments.

Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured using the equity method or measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments (referred to as the measurement alternative). The Company performs a qualitative assessment on a periodic basis and recognizes an impairment if there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than carrying value. Changes in value are recorded in net income.

Current Expected Credit Losses Allowance

The Company adopted the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) standard effective January 1, 2023 in accordance with ASU No. 2016-13. The initial CECL allowance adjustment of $2,489,574 was recorded effective January 1, 2023 as a cumulative-effect of change in accounting principle through a direct charge to accumulated deficit on the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity. Subsequent changes to the CECL allowance will be recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses in accordance with the CECL standard on the Company’s loan portfolio, including unfunded construction commitments, on a collective basis by assets with similar risk characteristics. This methodology replaces the probable incurred loss impairment methodology. In addition, interest and fees receivable and amounts included in due from borrowers, other than reimbursements, which include origination, modification and other fees receivable are also analyzed for credit losses in accordance with the CECL standard, as they represent a financial asset that is subject to credit risk. As allowed under the CECL standard used by the Company, as a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date is compared to the net carrying amount of the loan when determining the allowance for credit losses for loans in pending/pre-foreclosure status, as defined. Fair value of collateral is reduced by estimated cost to sell if the collateral is expected to be sold. The amount of loans in pending/pre-foreclosure including unpaid interest and other charges as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was approximately $68.1 million and $24.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, none of those loans required an allowance for credit loss.

The CECL standard requires an entity to consider historical loss experience, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast of the economic environment. The Company utilizes a loss-rate method for estimating current expected credit losses. The loss rate method involves applying a loss rate to a pool of loans with similar risk characteristics to estimate the expected credit losses on that pool of loans. In determining the CECL allowance, the Company considers various factors including (1) historical loss experience in its portfolio, (2) loan specific losses for loans deemed collateral dependent based on excess amortized cost over the fair value of the underlying collateral, and (3) its current and future view of the macroeconomic environment. The Company utilizes a reasonable and supportable forecast period equal to the contractual term of the loan plus any applicable short-term extensions that are reasonably expected for construction loans.

Management estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for expected credit losses over the life of the loans based on evaluating historical credit loss experience and to make adjustments to historical loss information for differences in the specific risk characteristics in the current loan portfolio. The CECL allowance related to the principal outstanding is presented within “Mortgages receivable, net” and for unfunded commitments is within accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The CECL allowance related to the late payment fees are presented in “Interest and fees receivable” and “Due from borrowers” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

8

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for mortgages receivable was approximately $2.1 million compared to approximately $2.0 million at January 1, 2023, an increase of approximately $0.1 million.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for interest and fees receivable was approximately $23,400 compared to approximately $26,100 at January 1, 2023, a decrease of approximately $2,700.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for amounts due from borrowers was approximately $24,400 compared to approximately $19,900 at January 1, 2023, an increase of approximately $4,500.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for unfunded commitments was approximately $498,600 compared to approximately $522,000 at January 1, 2023, a decrease of approximately $23,400.

Fair Value Measurements

The framework for measuring fair value provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 are described as follows:

Level 1Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access.

Level 2Inputs to the valuation methodology include:

● quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

● quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

● inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

● inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation to other means.

If the asset or liability has a specified (i.e., contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Property and Equipment

Land and building acquired in December 2016 to serve as the Company’s office facilities is stated at cost. The building is being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. The Company relocated its entire operations to this property in March 2019. On August 14, 2023 this property was sold. The Company realized a loss of approximately $184,600 on the sale, which is included in (gain) loss on sale of real estate in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Land and building acquired in 2021 to serve as the Company’s new corporate headquarters is stated at cost. Renovation of the building was completed in the first quarter of 2023 and the Company relocated its operations to the new building in March 2023. The building is being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years. The new building was placed in service in March 2023 when the Company received the Certificate of Occupancy.

9

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

Investment in real estate

The Company allocates the purchase price of real estate to land and building (inclusive of site and tenant improvements) and, if determined to be material, intangibles, such as the value of above- and below-market leases and origination costs associated with the in-place leases.

The allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves subjectivity as the allocations are based on an analysis of the respective fair values. In determining the fair value of the real estate acquired, the Company utilized a third-party valuation which primarily utilizes cash flow projections that apply, among other things, estimated revenue and expense growth rates, discount rates and capitalization rates, as well as sales comparison approach, which utilizes comparable sales, listings and sales contracts. The Company assesses the fair value of the acquired leases based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property. The determined and allocated fair values to the real estate acquired will affect the amount of depreciation and amortization we record over the respective estimated useful lives or term of the lease.

2023 Acquisition

On June 23, 2023, the Company entered into a purchase and sale contract for $10,600,000 to acquire a commercial building in Westport, CT. The transaction was completed on August 31, 2023. In connection with this transaction, which was accounted for as an asset acquisition, the Company allocated the purchase price and acquisition-related costs to the tangible and intangible assets acquired based on fair value. In addition, the Company recorded a lease liability stemming from below-market rental rates. Total consideration, including capitalized acquisition-related costs, was $10,725,237.

The following table summarizes the allocation for the acquisition:

	Amount
Land	$	3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Below-market lease intangible		(664,737)
Lease in-place intangible (included in Other assets)		568,460
Deferred leasing costs (included in Other assets)		386,923
Total	$	10,725,237

Building and site improvements are being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years and 15 years, respectively. Tenant improvements are amortized over the life of the respective lease using the straight-line method.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, depreciation and amortization was nominal.

Lease in-place intangible assets, deferred leasing costs and acquired below market leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective life of the lease For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, amortization of each of the lease-in place intangible assets, deferred leasing costs and acquired below market leases was nominal.

The Company leases space to a tenant under a ten year operating lease. The lease provides for the payment of fixed base rent payable monthly in advance that ranges from approximately $834,000 in lease year one with escalations up to approximately $996,000 in lease year ten. Additionally, the lease allows the Company to pass through to tenants their share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses over a base year, as defined. The lease also provides for one year of rent concessions and a tenant improvement allowance funded by the Company. Commencement of the lease is anticipated in 2024 once tenant improvements are completed. The Company anticipates payments on the lease to begin in 2025 after the rent concession period has ended.

10

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

Estimated annual amortization of acquired in-place lease intangible is as follows:

2023 (3 months)	$	14,212
2024		56,846
2025		56,846
2026		56,846
2027		56,846
Thereafter		326,864
Total	$	568,460

Estimated annual amortization of acquired below-market leases is as follows:

2023 (3 months)	$	9,673
2024		38,692
2025		38,692
2026		38,692
2027		38,692
Thereafter		222,482
Total	$	386,923

Real Estate Owned

Real estate owned by the Company is stated at cost and is tested for impairment quarterly.

Consolidations

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all subsidiaries in which the Company has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company monitors events or changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair market value of the assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized, but rather tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment. Goodwill at September 30, 2023 represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired from Urbane New Haven, LLC in October 2022.

In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company follows FASB ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”, which permits a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, then no impairment is determined to exist for the reporting unit. However, if the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, or the Company chooses not to perform the qualitative assessment, then the Company compares the fair value of that reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill.

11

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

Deferred Financing Costs

Costs incurred in connection with the Company’s revolving credit facilities, described in Note 8 – Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility, are amortized over the term of the applicable facility using the straight-line method.

Costs incurred by the Company in connection with the public offering of its unsecured, unsubordinated notes, described in Note 9 – Unsecured Notes Payable, are being amortized over the term of the respective Notes.

Revenue Recognition

Interest income from the Company’s loan portfolio is earned over the loan period and is calculated using the simple interest method on principal amounts outstanding. Generally, the Company’s loans provide for interest to be paid monthly in arrears. The Company, generally, does not accrue interest income on mortgages receivable that are more than ninety (90) days past due or interest charged at default rates. However, interest income not accrued at September 30, 2023 but collected prior to the issuance of this report is included in income for the period ended September 30, 2023.

Origination and modification fee revenue, generally 1% – 3% of either the original loan principal or the modified loan balance, is collected at loan funding and is recognized ratably over the contractual life of the loan in accordance with ASC 310.

Income Taxes

The Company believes it qualifies as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes and operates accordingly. It made the election to be taxed as a REIT on its 2017 Federal income tax return. The Company’s qualification as a REIT depends on its ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), relating to, among other things, the sources of its income, the composition and values of its assets, its compliance with the distribution requirements applicable to REITs and the diversity of ownership of its outstanding capital stock. So long as it qualifies as a REIT, the Company, generally, will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income distributed to its shareholders. However, if it fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and may also be subject to various penalties and may be precluded from re-electing REIT status for the four taxable years following the year during in which it lost its REIT qualification.

The Company has elected, and may elect in the future, to treat certain of its existing or newly created corporate subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In general, a TRS may hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. The TRSs generate income, resulting in federal and state income tax liability for these entities. The Company does not expect to incur any corporate federal income tax liability outside of the TRSs, as it believes it has maintained its qualification as a REIT. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, neither the Company nor any of its TRSs, recognized any provisions for federal income tax or state, local and franchise taxes on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The income tax provision for the Company differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes due to non-taxable REIT income and other permanent differences including the non-deductibility of acquisition costs of business combinations for federal income tax reporting.

FASB ASC Topic 740-10 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and disclosure required. Under this standard, an entity may only recognize or continue to recognize tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense. The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions requiring accrual or disclosure in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and 2022.

12

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated in accordance with ASC 260 — “Earnings Per Share.” Under ASC 260, basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is identical to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the potential dilution from the exercise of stock options and warrants for common shares using the treasury stock method. The numerator in calculating both basic and diluted earnings per common share for each period is the reported net income.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, (ASU 2016-13), which changes accounting requirements for the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses from an incurred or probable methodology to a current expected credit loss methodology. Mortgages receivable, unfunded loan commitments, interest and fees receivable and amounts included in due from borrowers, other than reimbursements, which include origination, modification and other fees receivable are the only items currently held by the Company that are within the scope of ASU 2016-13. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2023 and applied a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. At transition on January 1, 2023, the cumulative effect of adopting this ASU resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of $2,489,574 and an increase in the allowance for credit losses. The increase in the allowance is driven by the fact that the allowance under CECL covers expected credit losses over the full expected life of the loan portfolios and takes into account forecasts of expected future economic conditions.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses” (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) for creditors that have adopted the CECL standard and requires enhanced disclosures for loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, other-than-insignificant payment delays, or term extensions. In addition, the new guidance requires presentation in the vintage disclosures of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The amendments in this update became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. This update did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements, except for requiring additional disclosure relating to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.” ASU 2022-03 was issued to (1) to clarify the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not anticipate that this update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts included in the September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the September 30, 2023 presentation.

3.    Fair Value Measurement

The fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy of an asset or liability is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair market value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

13

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

The following table sets forth by Level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value as of September 30, 2023:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Stocks and ETFs	$	—	$	1,932,270	$	—	$	1,932,270
Mutual funds		15,599,486		—		—		15,599,486
Debt securities		18,699,251		813,650		—		19,512,901
Total liquid investments	$	34,298,737	$	2,745,920	$	—	$	37,044,657
Real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	3,481,177	$	3,481,177

The following table sets forth by Level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2022:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Stocks and ETF’s	$	3,282,659	$	1,446,065	$	—	$	4,728,724
Mutual funds		14,850,839		—		—		14,850,839
Debt securities		3,880,045		1,116,854		—		4,996,899
Total liquid investments	$	22,013,543	$	2,562,919	$	—	$	24,576,462
Real estate owned		—		—	$	5,216,149	$	5,216,149

Following is a description of the methodologies used for assets measured at fair value:

Stocks and ETFs (level 1 and 2): Valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded.

Mutual funds (level 1 and 2): Valued at the daily closing price reported by the fund. Mutual funds held by the Company are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These funds are required to publish their daily net asset values and to transact at that price. The mutual funds held by the Company are deemed to be actively traded.

Debt securities (level 2): Valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded.

Real estate owned (level 3): The Company estimates fair values of real estate owned using market information such as recent sales contracts, appraisals, recent sales, assessed values or discounted cash value models.
​

See Note 6 for the roll forward of real estate owned – Level 3 assets.

Impact of Fair Value of AFS Securities on OCI

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments approximates fair value generally due to the relative short-term nature of such instruments. Other financial assets and financial liabilities have fair value that approximate their carrying value.

Pursuant to ASC 326-30-50-4 and 50-5, the Company is required to disclose investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more as of the balance sheet date. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had a continuous unrealized losses over 12 months in Available-For-Sale debt securities (AFS’s) of approximately $834,000 and approximately $531,000, respectively. The Company reviewed several factors to assess the credit quality of the debt instruments including, but not limited to, current cash position, operating cash flow, and corporate earnings as of the most recently filed financial statements. As such, as of September 30, 2023, the Company has concluded no such allowance for credit losses regarding AFS’s debt securities was deemed necessary.

14

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

The following table presents the impact of the Company’s AFS’s - debt securities included in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Three Months Ended				Nine months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
OCI from AFS securities:
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities at beginning of period	$	(376,078)	$	(425,972)	$	(561,490)	$	(476,016)
Unrealized gain (losses) on securities available-for-sale – debt securities		(83,606)		(131,569)		101,806		(81,525)
Change in OCI from AFS securities		(83,606)		(131,569)		101,806		(81,525)
Balance at end of period	$	(459,684)	$	(557,541)	$	(459,684)	$	(557,541)

The following table presents the Company’s Level 3 Investments of Real Estate Owned as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	Nine Months Ended		Twelve Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		December, 31, 2022
Real Estate Owned at the beginning of period	$	5,216,149	$	6,559,010
Principal basis transferred to Real Estate Owned		1,186,663		1,376,733
Charges and/or improvements		214,642		126,443
Proceeds from sale of Real Estate Owned		(2,636,410)		(2,090,880)
Impairment		(612,500)		(799,909)
Gain on sale of Real Estate Owned		112,633		44,752
Balance at end of period	$	3,481,177	$	5,216,149

4.    Mortgages Receivable

The Company offers secured, non-bank loans to real estate owners and investors (also known as “hard money” loans) to fund their acquisition, renovation, development, rehabilitation or improvement of properties located primarily in Connecticut, New York and Florida. The Company’s lending standards typically require that the original principal amount of all mortgage receivable notes be secured by first mortgage liens on one or more properties owned by the borrower or related parties and that the maximum LTV be no greater than 70% of the appraised value of the underlying collateral, as determined by an independent appraiser at the time of the loan origination. The Company considers the maximum LTV as an indicator for the credit quality of a mortgage note receivable. In the case of properties undergoing renovation, the loan-to-value ratio is calculated based on the estimated fair market value of the property after the renovations have been completed. However, the Company makes exceptions to this guideline if the facts and circumstances support the incremental risk. These factors include the additional collateral provided by the borrower, the credit profile of the borrower, the Company’s previous relationship, if any, with the borrower, the nature of the property, the geographic market in which the property is located and any other information the Company deems appropriate.

The loans are generally for a term of one to three years. The loans are initially recorded and carried thereafter, in the financial statements, at cost. Most of the loans provide for monthly payments of interest only (in arrears) during the term of the loan and a “balloon” payment of the principal on the maturity date.

Allowance for credit losses is charged to income in amounts sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses inherent in the loans that are established systematically by management as of the reporting date. Management’s estimate of expected credit losses is based on an evaluation of relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the future collectability of the reported amounts. The Company uses static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the loans, which is supplemented by management’s judgment. Expected losses are estimated for groups of accounts aggregated by geographical location.

The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses includes a reasonable and supportable forecast period equal to the contractual term of the loan plus any applicable short-term extensions that are reasonably expected for construction loans. The Company reviews charge-off experience factors, contractual delinquency, historical collection rates, the value of underlying collateral

15

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

and other information to make the necessary judgments as to credit losses expected in the portfolio as of the reporting date. While management utilizes the best information available to make its evaluations, changes in macroeconomic conditions, interest rate environments, or both, may significantly impact the assumptions and inputs used in determining the allowance for credit losses. The Company’s charge-off policy is determined by a review of each delinquent loans. The Company has an accounting policy to not place loans on nonaccrual status unless they are more than 90 days delinquent. Accrual of interest income is generally resumed when the delinquent contractual principal and interest is paid in full or when a portion of the delinquent contractually payments are made and the ongoing required contractual payments have been made for an appropriate period.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans on nonaccrual status had an outstanding principal balance of $82,913,227 and $55,691,857, respectively. The nonaccrual loans are inclusive of loans pending foreclosure. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $61,718 and $394,909 of interest income, respectively, was recorded on nonaccrual loans due to payments received.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate amounts of loans funded by the Company were $159,678,482 and $252,370,675, respectively, offset by principal repayments of $123,495,534 and $95,173,969, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio includes loans ranging in size up to approximately $36.1 million with stated interest rates ranging from 5.0% to 15.0%. The default interest rate is generally 18% but could be more or less depending on state usury laws and other considerations deemed relevant by the Company.

At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, no single borrower or group of related borrowers had loans outstanding representing more than 10% of the total balance of the loans outstanding.

The Company may agree to extend the term of a loan if, at the time of the extension, the loan and the borrower meet all the Company’s then underwriting requirements. The Company treats a loan extension as a new loan. If an interest reserve is established at the time a loan is funded, accrued interest is paid out of the interest reserve and recognized as interest income at the end of each month. If no reserve is established, the borrower is required to pay the interest monthly from its own funds. The deferred origination, loan servicing and amendment fee income represents amounts that will be recognized over the contractual life of the underlying mortgage notes receivable.

Allowance for Credit Loss

In assessing the Allowance for Credit Losses (“CECL Allowance”), the Company considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast of the macroeconomic environment. The Company derived an annual historical loss rate based on its historical loss experience in its portfolio, adjusted to incorporate the risks of construction lending and to reflect the Company’s expectations of the macroeconomic environment.

The following table summarizes the activity in the CECL Allowance from adoption on January 1, 2023:

	CECL Allowance						Provision for		CECL
	as of December		Adoption of ASU				CECL		Allowance as of
(dollars in thousands)	31, 2022(1)		2016-13(2)		Charge-offs		Allowance		September 30, 2023
Geographical Location
New England	$	105	$	1,302	$	—	$	153	$	1,560
West		—		7		—		(7)		—
South		—		402		—		(64)		338
Mid-Atlantic		—		210		—		5		215
Total	$	105	$	1,921	$	—	$	87	$	2,113

(1) As of December 31, 2022, amounts represent probable loan loss provisions recorded before the adoption of the ASU 2016-13.

16

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

(2) As a component of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, $498,600 of the CECL allowance is excluded from this table because it relates to unfunded commitments and has been recorded as a liability under accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Presented below is the Company’s loan portfolio by geographical location:

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		% of Portfolio		Carrying Value		% of Portfolio
Geographical Location
New England	$	253,947	51.0	%	$	225,603	49.0	%
West		3,150	0.6	%		3,150	0.7	%
South		146,286	29.4	%		135,857	29.5	%
Mid-Atlantic		94,648	19.0	%		96,128	20.8	%
Total		498,031	100.0	%		460,738	100.0	%
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113				105
Carrying value, net	$	495,918			$	460,633

Presented below are the carrying values by Property Type:

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Outstanding				Outstanding
(dollars in thousands)	Principal		% of Portfolio		Principal		% of Portfolio
Property Type
Residential	$	219,120	44.0	%	$	229,944	49.9	%
Commercial		164,200	33.0	%		154,929	33.6	%
Land		85,690	17.2	%		46,499	10.1	%
Mixed use		29,021	5.8	%		29,366	6.4	%
Total		498,031	100.0	%		460,738	100.0	%
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113				105
Carrying value, net	$	495,918			$	460,633

The following tables allocate the carrying value of the Company’s loan portfolio based on internal credit quality indicators in assessing estimated credit losses and vintage of origination at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023				Year Originated(1)
	Carrying		% of
FICO Score (2) (dollars in thousands)	Value		Portfolio		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Under 500	$	400	0.1	%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	400
501-550		4,041	0.8	%		—		—		1,590		—		2,451
551-600		9,132	1.8	%		290		2,880		4,181		597		1,184
601-650		43,135	8.7	%		4,189		19,528		9,164		5,917		4,337
651-700		85,402	17.1	%		6,718		24,569		39,273		6,682		8,160
701-750		194,137	39.0	%		25,821		58,021		98,455		6,351		5,489
751-800		143,421	28.8	%		24,629		51,993		54,813		10,223		1,763
801-850		18,363	3.7	%		77		17,723		—		279		284
Total		498,031	100.0	%	$	61,724	$	174,714	$	207,476	$	30,049	$	24,068
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113
Carrying value, net	$	495,918

(1) Represents the year of origination or amendment where the loan was subject to a full re-underwriting.

(2) The FICO Scores are calculated at the inception of the loan and are updated if the loan is modified or on an as needed basis.

17

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

	December 31, 2022				Year Originated(1)
	Carrying		% of
FICO Score (2) (dollars in thousands)	Value		Portfolio		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Under 500	$	629	0.1	%	$	—	$	—	$	185	$	235	$	209
501-550		4,786	1.0	%		—		1,779		87		803		2,117
551-600		15,977	3.5	%		3,061		8,256		1,836		1,357		1,467
601-650		40,349	8.8	%		21,382		7,474		6,273		1,547		3,673
651-700		84,085	18.3	%		33,832		31,342		7,398		5,269		6,244
701-750		174,347	37.8	%		65,190		90,524		11,892		5,527		1,214
751-800		125,347	27.2	%		68,826		45,038		9,470		1,640		373
801-850		15,218	3.3	%		14,554		—		399		—		265
Total		460,738	100.0	%	$	206,845	$	184,413	$	37,540	$	16,378	$	16,562
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		105
Carrying value, net	$	460,633

(1) Represents the year of origination or amendment where the loan was subject to a full re-underwriting.

(2) The FICO Scores are calculated at the inception of a loan and are updated if the loan is modified or on an as needed basis.

The following table sets forth the maturities of mortgages receivable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
2023 and prior	$	168,774,227	$	372,964,665
2024		279,909,034		85,968,294
2025		49,249,401		1,699,500
2026		—		—
2027		—		—
Thereafter		98,356		105,809
Total		498,031,018		460,738,268
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113,178		105,000
Total	$	495,917,840	$	460,633,268

At September 30, 2023, of the 327 mortgage loans included in the Company’s loan portfolio, 95, having an aggregate outstanding principal balance of approximately $84.8 million, or approximately 17.0%, of mortgage receivables, have matured but have not been repaid in full or extended. Of these 95 loans, 64 are in foreclosure status, which have an aggregate principal balance of approximately $63.5 million.

At December 31, 2022, of the 444 mortgage loans included in the Company’s loan portfolio, 105 loans having an aggregate outstanding principal balance of approximately $61.6 million, or approximately 13.4%, of mortgage receivables, had matured but have not been repaid in full or extended. Of these 105 loans, 40 were in foreclosure status, which had an aggregate principal balance of approximately $22.6 million.

All loans in maturity default and not in foreclosure are subject to modification and will be extended if the borrower can satisfy the Company’s underwriting criteria, including the proper loan-to-value ratio, at the time of renewal. In the case of each of the loans in foreclosure, the Company believed the value of the collateral exceeded the outstanding balance on the loan.

Loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty

In certain situations, the Company may provide loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include term extensions, and adding unpaid interest, charges and taxes to the principal balance intended to minimize the Company’s economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. The Company generally receives additional collateral as part of extending the terms of the loan.

18

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

The table below presents loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
			% of Total Carrying Value of
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Loans, net		Financial Effect
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	32,791	6.6	%	A weighted average of 19.7 months were added to the life of the loans

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
			% of Total Carrying Value of
	Carrying Value		Loans, net		Financial Effect
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	62,977	12.7	%	A weighted average of 17.3 months were added to the life of the loans
Other		16,064	3.2	%	Unpaid interest/taxes/charges added to principal balance

The Company monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The table below presents the performance of loans that have been modified in the last 12 months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company considers loans that are 90 days past due to be in payment default.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Current		90-119 days past due		120+ days past due		Total
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	32,791	$	—	$	—	$	32,791

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Current		90-119 days past due		120+ days past due		Total
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	62,977	$	—	$	—	$	62,977
Other		16,064		—		—		16,064

The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $23.2 million to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

5. Investment in Real Estate

At September 30, 2023, investment in real estate consisted of the following:

	Amount
Land	$	3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Total	$	10,434,591

19

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

6.    Real Estate Owned

Property acquired through foreclosure are included on the balance sheet as real estate owned and further categorized as held for sale or held for rental, described in detail below.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of real estate owned totaled $3,481,177 and $5,216,149, respectively, with no valuation allowance. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $400,000 and $195,000, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $612,500 and $685,500, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, real estate owned included $825,963 of real estate held for rental and $2,655,214 of real estate held for sale. As of September 30, 2022, real estate owned included $800,053 of real estate held for rental and $4,815,887 of real estate held for sale.

Properties Held for Sale

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold one (1) property held for sale and recognized a loss of $14,229. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold six (6) properties held for sale and recognized an aggregate net gain of $112,633. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold two (2) properties held for sale and recognized an aggregate net loss of $962. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold five (5) properties held for sale and recognized an aggregate net gain of $121,381.

Properties Held for Rental

As of September 30, 2023, one property, a commercial building, was held for rental. The tenant signed a five-year lease that commenced on August 1, 2021.

Rental payments due from real estate held for rental are as follows:

Year ending December 31, 2023	$	13,300
Year ending December 31, 2024		53,200
Year ending December 31, 2025		53,200
Year ending December 31, 2026		31,033
Total	$	150,733

7.   Other Assets

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other assets consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Prepaid expenses	$	218,004	$	410,373
Other receivables		4,385,986		3,519,804
Other assets		4,724		477,048
Goodwill		391,000		391,000
Intangible asset – trade name		130,400		130,400
Intangible asset – lease		568,460		—
Deferred financing costs, net		341,662		54,548
Deferred leasing cost		386,923		—
Total	$	6,427,159	$	4,983,173

20

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

8.    Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility

Line of Credit – Wells Fargo

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company established a margin loan account at Wells Fargo Advisors that is secured by the Company’s portfolio of short-term securities. The credit line bears interest at a rate equal to 1.75% below the prime rate (6.75% at September 30, 2023, 6.75% as of November 10, 2023). As of September 30, 2023 the total outstanding balance on the Wells Fargo credit line was $26.3 million.

Mortgage Payable

In 2021, the Company obtained a $1.4 million adjustable-rate mortgage loan from New Haven Bank (the “NHB Mortgage”) of which $750,000 was funded at closing and remained outstanding as of December 31, 2022. The NHB Mortgage accrued interest at an initial rate of 3.75% per annum for the first 72 months and was due and payable in full on December 1, 2037. During the first 12 months, from December 1, 2021 to November 30, 2022, only interest was due and payable. Beginning on December 1, 2022 principal and interest on the NHB Mortgage were to be due and payable on a monthly basis. All payments under the NHB Mortgage was to be amortized based on a 20-year amortization schedule. The interest rate was to be adjusted on each of December 1, 2027 and 2032 to the then published 5-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate, plus 2.60%. The NHB Mortgage was a non-recourse loan, secured by a first mortgage lien on each of the properties, located at 698 Main Street, Branford, Connecticut, and 568 East Main Street, Branford, Connecticut. The $750,000 of proceeds funded at closing were used to reimburse the Company for out-of-pocket costs relating to the acquisition of the East Main Street property.

On February 28, 2023, the Company refinanced the NHB Mortgage with a new $1.66 million adjustable-rate mortgage loan from New Haven Bank (the “New NHB Mortgage”). The new loan accrues interest at an initial rate of 5.75% per annum for the first 60 months. The interest rate will be adjusted on each of March 1, 2028 and March 1, 2033 to the then published 5-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate, plus 1.75%. Beginning on April 1, 2023 and through March 1, 2038, principal and interest will be due and payable on a monthly basis. All payments under the new loan are amortized based on a 20-year amortization schedule. The unpaid principal amount of the loan and all accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable in full on March 1, 2038. The new loan is a non-recourse obligation, secured by a first mortgage lien on the property located at 568 East Main Street, Branford, Connecticut.

Churchill MRA Funding I LLC Repurchase Financing Facility

On July 21, 2021, the Company consummated a $200 million master repurchase financing facility (“Facility”) with Churchill MRA Funding I LLC (“Churchill”), a subsidiary of Churchill Real Estate, a vertically integrated real estate finance company based in New York, New York. Under the terms of the Facility, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell mortgage loans to Churchill, and Churchill has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase those loans. In addition, the Company has the right and, in some instances the obligation, to repurchase those loans from Churchill. The amount that Churchill will pay for each mortgage loan it purchases will vary based on the attributes of the loan and various other factors. The repurchase price is calculated by applying an interest factor, as defined, to the purchase price of the mortgage loan. The Company has also pledged the mortgage loans sold to Churchill to secure its repurchase obligation. The cost of capital under the Facility is equal to the sum of (a) the greater of (i) 0.25% and (ii) the 90-day SOFR (which replaced the 90-day LIBOR) plus (b) 3%-4%, depending on the aggregate principal amount of the mortgage loans held by Churchill at that time.

The Facility is subject to other terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and agreements typically found in these types of financing arrangements. Under one such covenant, the Company (A) is prohibited from (i) paying any dividends or making distributions in excess of 90% of its taxable income, (ii) incurring any indebtedness or (iii) purchasing any of its capital stock, unless, it has an asset coverage ratio of at least 150%; and (B) must maintain unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to or greater than 2.50% of the amount of its repurchase obligations. Churchill has the right to terminate the Facility at any time upon 180 days prior notice to the Company. The Company then has an additional 180 days after termination to repurchase all the mortgage loans held by Churchill.

21

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

The Company uses the proceeds from the Facility to finance the continued expansion of its lending business and for general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2023, the total amount outstanding under the Facility was $47.9 million. The collateral pledged to Churchill at September 30, 2023 was 22 mortgage loans that in the aggregate had unpaid principal balance of approximately $79.9 million. As of September 30, 2023 the effective rate charged under the Facility was 9.47%.

Each of the New NHB Mortgage and the Churchill Facility contain cross-default provisions.

Line of Credit – Needham Bank

On March 2, 2023, the Company entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), with Needham Bank, a Massachusetts co-operative bank, as the administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”) for the lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”) with respect to a $45 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). Under the Credit Agreement, the Company also has the right to request an increase in the size of the Credit Facility up to $75 million, subject to certain conditions, including the approval of the Lenders. Loans under the Credit Facility accrue interest at the greater of (i) the annual rate of interest equal to the “prime rate,” as published in the “Money Rates” column of The Wall Street Journal minus one-quarter of one percent (0.25%), and (ii) four and one-half percent (4.50%). All amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by a first priority lien on virtually all Company’s assets. Assets excluded from the lien include real estate owned by the Company (other than real estate acquired pursuant to foreclosure) and mortgages sold to Churchill under the Facility. The Credit Facility expires March 2, 2026 but the Company has a right to extend the term for one year upon the consent of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, which consent cannot be unreasonably withheld, and so long as it is not in default and satisfies certain other conditions. All outstanding revolving loans and accrued but unpaid interest are due and payable on the expiration date. The Company may terminate the Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty by delivering written notice to the Administrative Agent at least ten (10) days prior to the proposed date of termination. The Credit Facility is subject to other terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and agreements typically found in these types of financing arrangements, including a covenant that requires the Company to maintain: (A) a ratio of Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to Debt Service (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of less than 1.40 to 1.0, tested on a trailing-twelve-month basis at the end of each fiscal quarter; (B) a sum of cash, cash equivalents and availability under the facility equal to or greater than $10 million; and (C) an asset coverage ratio of at least 150%.

Effective as of September 8, 2023, in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Credit Agreement was amended to increase the Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to $65 million.

The Company uses the proceeds from the Credit Facility to finance the continued expansion of its lending business and for general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2023, the total amount outstanding under the Credit Facility was $25.0 million, and the interest rate was 8.25%.

9.    Unsecured Notes Payable

At September 30, 2023, the Company had an aggregate of $281,759,933 of unsecured, unsubordinated notes payable outstanding, net of $6,641,817 of deferred financing costs (collectively, the “Notes”). Currently, the Company has seven series of Notes outstanding:

(i) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $23,663,000 bearing interest at 7.125% per annum and maturing June 30, 2024 (“the June 2024 Notes”);

(ii) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $34,500,000 bearing interest at 6.875% per annum and maturing December 30, 2024 (the “December 2024 Notes”);

(iii) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $56,363,750 bearing interest at 7.75% per annum and maturing September 30, 2025 (the “September 2025 Notes”);

(iv) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $51,750,000 bearing interest at 6.0% per annum and maturing December 30, 2026 (the “December 2026 Notes”);

22

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

(v) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $51,875,000 bearing interest at 6.0% per annum and maturing March 30, 2027 (the “March 2027 Notes”);

(vi) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $30,000,000 bearing interest at 7.125% per annum and maturing June 30, 2027 (the “June 2027 Notes”); and

(vii) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $40,250,000 bearing interest at 8.00% per annum and maturing September 30, 2027 (the “September 2027 Notes”).

The Notes were sold in underwritten public offerings, were issued in denomination of $25.00 each and are listed on the NYSE American and trade under the symbols “SCCB,” “SACC,” “SCCC,” “SCCD,” “SCCE,” “SCCF” and “SCCG,” respectively. All the Notes were issued at par except for the last tranche of the September 2025 notes, in the original principal amount of $28 million, which were issued at $24.75 each. Interest on the Notes is payable quarterly on each March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30 that they are outstanding. So long as the Notes are outstanding, the Company is prohibited from making distributions in excess of 90% of its taxable income, incurring any additional indebtedness or purchasing any shares of its capital stock unless it has an “Asset Coverage Ratio” of at least 150% after giving effect to the payment of such dividend, the incurrence of such indebtedness or the application of the net proceeds, as the case may be. The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time after their second anniversary of issuance upon at least 30 days prior written notice to the holders of the Notes. The redemption price will be equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes redeemed plus the accrued but unpaid interest thereon up to, but not including the date of redemption. Currently, the June 2024 Notes, December 2024 Notes and the September 2025 Notes are callable at any time. The December 2026 Notes will be callable at any time after December 30, 2023, the March 2027 Notes will be callable at any time after March 9, 2024, the June 2027 Notes will be callable at any time after May 11, 2024, and the September 2027 Notes will be callable at any time after August 23, 2024. As of the date of this report, the Company is actively pursuing strategies to address the 2024 maturities including, but not limited to, refinancing, extending, or paying off in full.

The following are the future principal payments on the notes payable as of September 30, 2023:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of 2023	$	—
2024		58,163,000
2025		56,363,750
2026		51,750,000
2027		122,125,000
Total principal payments		288,401,750
Deferred financing costs		(6,641,817)
Total notes payable, net of deferred financing costs	$	281,759,933

The estimated amortization of the deferred financing costs as of September 30, 2023 is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of 2023	$	593,327
2024		2,336,228
2025		1,807,606
2026		1,410,319
2027		494,337
Total deferred costs	$	6,641,817

23

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

10.   Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accounts payable and accrued liabilities include the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,184,112	$	1,109,789
CECL - allowance for unfunded contractual obligation credit losses		498,600		—
Other notes		—		6,014
Accrued interest		378,076		323,416
Total	$	2,060,788	$	1,439,219

11.   Fee and Other Income

For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, fee and other income consists of the following:

	Three Months				Nine Months
	ended September 30,				ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Late and other fees	$	367,281	$	92,098	$	517,599	$	338,638
Processing fees		28,785		37,480		90,485		165,950
Rental income, net		13,300		8,867		39,900		37,067
Extension fees		435,457		212,608		849,002		415,128
Construction management fee		46,243		86,881		714,051		135,690
Other fees		35,328		37,410		108,505		123,850
Legal fees		102,945		91,115		318,945		253,055
Other income		210,213		75,290		879,645		579,541
Total	$	1,239,552	$	641,749	$	3,518,132	$	2,048,921

12.   Commitments and Contingencies

Origination, Modification, and Construction Servicing Fees

Loan origination, modification, and construction servicing fees generally range from 1% - 3% each of the original loan principal or the modified loan balance and, generally, are payable at the time the loan is funded or modified. The unamortized portion is recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2023, deferred revenue was approximately $5.0 million, which will be recorded as income as follows:

Year ending December 31, 2023	$	1,809,598
Year ending December 31, 2024		2,950,866
Year ending December 31, 2025		198,615
Total	$	4,959,079

In instances in which mortgages are repaid before their maturity date, the balance of any unamortized deferred revenue is recognized in full at the time of repayment.

Employment Agreements

In February 2017, the Company entered into an employment agreement with John Villano, the material terms of which are as follows: (i) the employment term is five years with extensions for successive one-year periods unless either party provides written notice at least 180 days prior to the next anniversary date of its intention to not renew the agreement; (ii) a base salary of $260,000, which was increased in April 2018, April 2021 and April 2022 to $360,000, $500,000 and $750,000, respectively; (iii) incentive compensation in such amount as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors; (iv) participation

24

SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

in the Company’s employee benefit plans; (v) full indemnification to the extent permitted by law; (vi) a two-year non-competition period following the termination of employment without cause; and (vii) payments upon termination of employment or a change in control. In April 2021, the Company granted 89,928 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $500,000) to Mr. Villano. One-third of such shares vested on each of January 1, 2022 and 2023, and the remaining one-third will vest on January 1, 2024. In April 2022, the Company granted 98,425 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $500,000) to Mr. Villano. One-third of such shares vested on January 1, 2023, and an additional one-third will vest on each of January 1, 2024 and 2025. In February 2023, the Company granted 130,890 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $500,000) to Mr. Villano. One-third of such shares will vest on each of January 1, 2024, 2025 and 2026. As of September 30, 2023, 226,483 restricted common shares remain unvested.

In July 2022, the Company entered into an employment agreement with John E. Warch, the Company’s former chief financial officer, the material terms of which were as follows: (i) the employment term commenced on August 1, 2022 and continued until terminated by either party; (ii) a base salary of $325,000; (iii) incentive compensation in such amount as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors; (iv) participation in the Company’s employee benefit plans; (v) full indemnification to the extent permitted by law; and (vi) payments upon termination of employment or a change in control. In February 2023, the Company granted 8,000 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $30,000) to Mr. Warch. One-third of such shares vested on February 9, 2023, and an additional one-third were to vest on each of February 9, 2024 and 2025. In connection with the termination of Mr. Warch’s employment effective May 4, 2023, the 5,333 unvested restricted common shares were forfeited to the Company.

Unfunded Commitments

At September 30, 2023, the Company had future funding obligations totaling approximately $107.7 million, which can be drawn by the borrowers when the conditions relating thereto have been satisfied. The unfunded commitments will be funded from loan payoffs and additional drawdowns under existing and future credit facilities and proceeds from sale of debt and equity securities.

Other

In the normal course of its business, the Company is named as a party-defendant in connection with tax foreclosure proceedings against properties on which it holds a first mortgage lien. The Company actively monitors these actions and, in all cases, believes there remains sufficient value in the subject property to assure that no loan impairment exists. At September 30, 2023, there was one such proceeding pending. The unpaid principal balances on the properties that are the subject of these proceedings was approximately $0.1 million.

In accordance with the asset purchase agreement with Urbane New Haven, LLC (“Urbane”) in October 2022, under certain circumstances the Company will be required to pay Urbane 20% of the net proceeds, as defined, of certain real estate development projects completed by the Company until such time that the former principal owner of Urbane, who is currently employed by the Company, is no longer employed by the Company. Any future payments will be expensed.

On September 11, 2023, the Company entered into a contract to acquire a residential property in Miami, FL. The purchase price for the property is $2,300,000. The Company paid $230,000 upon the execution and delivery of the contract, which amount is refundable if the seller fails to satisfy certain closing conditions or fails to transfer ownership of the property. The balance of the purchase price is due at closing.

13.   Related Party Transactions

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may originate, fund, manage and service loans to shareholders. The underwriting process on these loans adheres to prevailing Company policy. The terms of such loans, including the interest rate, income, origination fees and other closing costs are the same as those applicable to loans made to unrelated third parties in the portfolio. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans to known shareholders totaled approximately $28.9 million and approximately $23.5 million, respectively. Interest income earned on these loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $541,177 and $416,275, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $1,623,530 and $1,248,826, respectively.

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SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

The wife of the Company’s chief executive officer was employed by the Company as its director of finance until her retirement from the Company on September 30, 2022. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, she was paid $2,115 and $62,865, respectively, as compensation from the Company. In December 2021, the Company hired the daughter of the Company’s chief executive officer to perform certain internal audit and compliance services. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, she received compensation of $38,754 and $35,727, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, she received compensation of $114,754 and $106,327, respectively.

14.   Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, investments in securities, investments in partnerships, and mortgage loans.

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions. Accounts at the financial institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000.

The Company is potentially subject to concentration of credit risk in its investment securities. Currently, all its investment securities, which include common shares, Series A Preferred Stock, corporate bonds and mutual funds, are held at Wells Fargo Advisors. Wells Fargo Advisors is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). SIPC protects clients against the custodial risk of a member investment firm becoming insolvent by replacing missing securities and cash up to $500,000, including up to $250,000 in cash, per client in accordance with SIPC rules.

The Company makes loans that are secured by first mortgage liens on real property located primarily in Connecticut (44.9%), Florida (23.7%) and New York (12.9%). This concentration of credit risk may be affected by changes in economic or other conditions of the particular geographic area.

Credit risks associated with the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio and related interest receivable are described in Note 4 - Mortgages Receivable.

15.   Outstanding Warrants

In connection with a public offering that was consummated in October 2017, the Company issued to the underwriters warrants to purchase an aggregate of 187,500 common shares at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. In January 2022, warrants to purchase 93,750 of the Company’s common shares were exercised. The holders of those warrants elected to use the cashless exercise option available to them under the terms of the warrants. As such, they received 19,658 common shares. All the remaining unexercised warrants expired on October 24, 2022.

16.   Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits

Stock-Based Compensation

On October 27, 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), the purpose of which is to align the interests of the Company’s officers, other employees, advisors and consultants or any subsidiary, if any, with those of the Company’s shareholders and to afford an incentive to such officers, employees, consultants and advisors to continue as such, to increase their efforts on the Company’s behalf and to promote the success of the Company’s business. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The maximum number of common shares reserved for the grant of awards under the Plan is 1,500,000, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 5 of the Plan. The number of securities remaining available for future issuance under the Plan as of September 30, 2023 was 988,785.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 201,390 and 153,967 restricted common shares under the Plan, respectively, with a fair value of $771,621 and $357,167, respectively.

With respect to the restricted common shares granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, (i) an aggregate of 22,000 shares vested immediately on the date of grant, an additional aggregate of 22,000 shares will vest on each of the first and

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SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

second anniversaries of the date of grant, and 4,500 shares will vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant, and (ii) 43,630 shares will vest on January 1, 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively.

Stock-based compensation for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $220,971 and $127,000, respectively. Stock-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $616,496 and $357,167, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, unrecorded stock-based compensation expense was $904,724.

Employee Benefits

On April 16, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the adoption of the Sachem Capital Corp. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the “401(k) Plan”). All employees, who meet the participation criteria, are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. Under the terms of the 401(k) Plan, the Company is obligated to contribute 3% of a participant’s compensation to the 401(k) Plan on behalf of an employee-participant. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the 401(k) Plan expense was $48,346 and $21,924, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the 401(k) Plan expense was $123,735 and $71,925, respectively.

17.   Equity

On August 24, 2022, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its Form S-3 Registration Statement covering the sale of up to $75,000,000 of its common shares and its Series A Preferred Stock (as defined in Note 20 below) having an aggregate liquidation preference of up to $25,000,000 in an “at-the market” offering, which is ongoing. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, under this offering, the Company sold an aggregate of 4,140,503 common shares, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $15.6 million, and sold an aggregate of 92,879 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock having an aggregate liquidation preference of $2,321,975, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $1,933,900 representing a discount of approximately 16.7% to the liquidation preference.

In October 2022, the Board adopted a stock repurchase plan (the “Repurchase Program”), pursuant to which the Company could repurchase up to an aggregate of $7,500,000 of its common shares. Under the Repurchase Program, share repurchases are made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices or in negotiated transactions off the market in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 and 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 71,000 common shares under the Repurchase Program at a total cost of approximately $226,000. Following the repurchase, such shares were returned to authorized but unissued shares of the Company. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately $7,277,000 available under the Repurchase Program. On September 7, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the Repurchase Program. The new Repurchase Program will expire on October 9, 2024.

18.   Partnership Investments

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had invested an aggregate of approximately $40.0 million in five limited liability companies in which it held non-controlling interests. The Company’s ownership interest in four of the limited liability companies ranges from approximately 7% to 49% and one of the partnerships is owned 100% by the Company. The Company accounts for these investments at cost because the Company does not manage the entities and thus, has no control or have significant influence over the investments. The third party manager of the investments is a commercial real estate finance company that provides debt capital solutions to local and regional commercial real estate owners in the Northeastern United States. The Company’s withdrawal from each limited liability company may only be granted by the manager of such entity. Each limited liability company has elected to be treated as a partnership for income tax purposes.

The Company’s partnership investments can be categorized into two fund structures, fund investments and direct loan investments. The fund investments primarily include investments in two partnerships that invest in mortgage loans. The direct loan investments are through three partnerships whereby the Company directly invests in the participation of individual loans. Both the fund and direct loan structure primarily invest in mortgage loans to borrowers with a majority of the deals being leveraged by a bank. These loans are primarily two- to three- year collateralized mortgage loans, often with contractual extension options for the borrowers of an additional year. The Company receives quarterly dividends from the partnerships that are composed of a preferred return, return of capital and promote depending on each loan’s waterfall calculation, as defined by the loan agreements. The Company’s interests in

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SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

the funds are not redeemable at any time, as its investment will be repaid as the underlying loans are repaid. The Company expects to be repaid on its current investments by December 31, 2026.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, these investments generated $0.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of income for the Company. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the partnerships generated $2.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of income for the Company.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had unfunded partnership commitments totaling approximately $1.0 million.

19.   Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation

In the third quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company reported a loss of $477,047 representing its investment in Sachem Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company.

20.   Series A Preferred Stock

The Company has designated 2,903,000 shares of its authorized preferred shares, par value $0.001 per share, as shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) with the powers, designations, preferences and other rights as set forth in an Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation (the “Series A Designation Certificate”). The Series A Designation Certificate provides that the Company will pay quarterly cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock, in arrears, on the 30th day of each of March, June, September and December, and including, the date of original issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock until redeemed at 7.75% of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference per annum (equivalent to $1.9375 per annum per share). The Series A Preferred Stock is not redeemable before June 29, 2026, except upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the Series A Designation Certificate). On or after June 29, 2026, the Company may, at its option, redeem any or all of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock at $25.00 per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the redemption date. Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Company may, at its option, redeem any or all of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock within 120 days after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred at $25.00 per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the redemption date. The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted into common shares in connection with a Change of Control by the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock. Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each holder of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right (subject to the Company’s election to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock in whole or in part, as described above, prior to the Change of Control Conversion Date as defined in the Series A Designation Certificate) to convert some or all of the Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder on the Change of Control Conversion Date into a number of the common shares determined by formula, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions described in the Series A Designation Certificate, including provisions for the receipt, under specified circumstances, of alternative consideration as described in the Series A Designation Certificate. Except under limited circumstances, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock generally do not have any voting rights. The Company has reserved 72,575,000 common shares for issuance upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock.

21.   Subsequent Events

On July 26, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.11 per common share payable on November 7, 2023 to shareholders of record as of October 31, 2023.

Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements were available to be issued. Based on the evaluation, no adjustments were required in the accompanying financial statements.

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Item 2.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this report. Certain statements in this discussion and elsewhere in this report constitute forward-looking statements, within the meaning of section 21E of the Exchange Act, that involve risks and uncertainties. The actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Company Overview

We are a Connecticut-based real estate finance company that specializes in originating, underwriting, funding, servicing and managing a portfolio of short-term (i.e., three years or less) loans secured by first mortgage liens on real property. From our inception in December 2010, through our initial public offering, in February 2017, we operated as a limited liability company. On February 9, 2017, we completed our initial public offering (the “IPO”), the primary purpose of which was to raise equity capital to fund mortgage loans, expand our mortgage loan portfolio and diversify our ownership so that we could qualify, for federal income tax purposes, as a real estate investment trust, or REIT. We believe that, since consummation of the IPO, we meet all the requirements to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes and elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with our 2017 tax year. As a REIT, we are entitled to claim deductions for distributions of taxable income to our shareholders thereby eliminating any corporate tax on such taxable income. Any taxable income not distributed to shareholders is subject to tax at the regular corporate tax rates and may also be subject to a 4% excise tax to the extent it exceeds 10% of our total taxable income. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute each year at least 90% of our taxable income. As a REIT, we may also be subject to federal excise taxes and state taxes.

Review of the First Nine Months of 2023 and Outlook for Balance of Year

Compared to the nine months of 2022, revenue increased 33.8%, net income attributable to common shareholders increased 19.6%, while earnings per share remained consistent with September 30, 2022. The revenue increase was directly related to the growth in our lending activities as well as to the increase in the interest rates that we are able to charge borrowers, which is reflected in our interest income which had an increase of 21.9%, and our income from partnership investments that had an increase of 110.1%. We also recorded an unrealized gain of approximately $0.4 million on investment securities for the nine months of 2023 compared to a loss of $3.6 million for the nine months of 2022, reflecting a $4.0 million increase in the value of those securities. The increase in revenue was partially offset by a 45.7% increase in operating costs and expenses. The increase in operating expenses is mainly attributable to a 43.8% increase in interest and amortization of deferred financing costs and an 37.5% increase in compensation and related expenses. The increase in compensation expense is mainly attributable to the hiring of our former Chief Financial Officer in August of 2022 (see Note 12 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements), and to the hiring of additional employees in connection with our acquisition of the assets of Urbane New Haven, LLC in October of 2022. Mortgages receivable increased by approximately $47.4 million compared to the same prior year period, while cash and cash equivalents decreased by 27.3%. The increase in mortgages receivable was primarily due to an increase in lending.

Our primary business objective for the balance of 2023 remains to grow our loan portfolio while protecting and preserving capital in a manner that provides for attractive risk-adjusted returns to our shareholders over the long term principally through dividends. We intend to achieve this objective by accelerating profitable growth and driving operational excellence. To accelerate profitable growth, we will continue to focus on selectively originating, managing, and servicing a portfolio of first mortgage real estate loans designed to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns across a variety of market conditions and economic cycles. We are also targeting larger-value commercial loans with strong, better capitalized and experienced sponsors. To drive additional operational excellence, we continuously review, assess, and upgrade our existing operational processes, from workflows and employee roles/responsibilities to decision trees and data collection forms. Additionally, we continue to focus on developing relationships with larger-scale wholesale brokers, furthering our efforts to attract larger borrowers with better credit quality. We believe that our ability to react quickly to the needs of borrowers, our flexibility in terms of structuring loans to meet the needs of borrowers, our knowledge of the primary real estate markets we lend in, our expertise in “hard money” lending and our focus on newly originated first mortgage loans, should enable us to achieve our primary objective. Nevertheless, we remain flexible to take advantage of other real estate opportunities that may arise from time to time, whether they relate to the mortgage market or to direct or indirect investments in real estate.

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Our overall business strategy is as follows:

● capitalize on opportunities created by the long-term structural changes in the real estate finance market and the continuing lack of liquidity in the commercial and investment real estate markets;

● take advantage of the prevailing economic environment and current economic, political and social trends that may impact real estate finance, as well as the outlook for real estate in general and particular asset classes;

● remain flexible to capitalize on changing sets of investment opportunities that may be present in the various points of an economic cycle;

● continue to improve operational efficiencies and reduce general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue;

● maintain our status as a publicly-held company, subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which gives us immediate access to the public markets for much-needed capital; and

● continue to operate to qualify as a REIT and continue to qualify for an exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

To date, 2023 has been a challenging year and we expect it to continue to be one due to the following factors:

Rising interest rates and interest rate compression. The rates on our existing credit facilities, including the Churchill Facility, the Wells Fargo Loan and the NHB Mortgage (refinanced in February 2023) (as defined below), have all increased. In addition, the interest rate on the September 2027 Notes, our last note offering in 2022, was 8%, the highest it has ever been. Overall, our weighted average cost of debt capital, excluding amortization of deferred financing costs, as of September 30, 2023 was 7.3% compared to 6.7% as of September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the yield on our mortgage loan portfolio, inclusive of default interest, was 12.2% and 11.3%, respectively. (For this purpose, yield only takes into account the stated interest rate on the mortgage note adjusted to the default rate, if applicable.) Nevertheless, we believe the interest rate compression will continue to be a factor during the remainder of 2023.

Geopolitical concerns. Various geopolitical concerns, including the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia and Israel and Hamas, have heightened tensions between the U.S. and China regarding Taiwan and global trade, Iran’s continued pursuit of nuclear weapons and its ongoing attempts to destabilize the Middle East and North Korea’s belligerence, have led to market volatility, spikes in commodity prices, supply chain interruptions, heightened cybersecurity concerns and general concerns that it might lead to unconventional warfare. The true ramifications of these conflicts and their impact on the markets and our business operations, specifically our borrowers and real estate prices are not fully known at this time. Our business is purely domestic, but we are impacted by market volatility and cybersecurity is a concern for all businesses.

Increased competition. In the past, our primary competitors were other non-bank real estate finance companies and banks and other financial institutions. More recently, we are encountering competition from private equity funds, hedge funds and other specialty finance entities funded by investment banks, asset managers, private equity funds and hedge funds. The primary driver for these new market participants, we believe, is their need to find higher yielding investments. Given that residential transition loan gross yields are in the 12-15% range, many institutions are deploying capital into credit products where the returns are nearing equity investments. These entities, in general, are well-funded, have relatively easy access to capital and are aggressive in terms of pricing. In addition, competition is becoming more of a factor as we implement our strategy to focus on larger loans and more sophisticated borrowers. Given recent developments regarding mid-size regional banks, we believe competition from traditional banks will continue to abate in 2023 and into 2024 rather than increase. However, as traditional banks exit the lending market, non-traditional lenders, such as non-bank real estate companies, hedge funds, private equity funds and insurance companies, are likely to step into the void. Our principal competitive advantages include our experience, our reputation, our size and our ability to address the needs of borrowers in terms of timing and structuring loan transactions.

Borrower expectations. As stated above the increased yield environment has resulted in an inflow of private capital into the transitional lending sector. As a result, some of the negotiating leverage has shifted in favor of borrowers who have multiple term sheets. As borrowers have more choices they are demanding better terms, relative to the current interest rate enviorment. While we are

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able to pass along most of the increased cost of capital to the borrowers, increased competition has the potential to hinder spreads. This is particularly true as we focus more on larger loans and borrowers with better credit histories.

Property value fluctuations. Property value market cycles could have an adverse impact on our operations and finacial condition. We monitor a variety of indicators to track property value trends, including the Federal Funds Rate, U.S Treasury data, days-on-market, pending sales, NAHB’s Housing Market Index and the Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey. Additionally, we almost always utilize a third party valuation including, but not limited to, appraisals, Broker Price Opinions (“BPOs”), and Automated Valuation Models (“AVMs”), to assist in both our underwriting and monitoring of our portfolio assets. By judiciously relying on our indicators and continuing to make sound underwriting decisions, we are poised to respond quickly if asset valuations begin to decline.

Increased operating expenses. Our operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are significantly higher than they were in 2022 due to our higher debt load, as well as higher borrowing rates. In addition, we expect that our aggregate dividend payments will be higher in 2023 than in 2022 due to an increase in the outstanding number of our common shares (“Common Shares”), and our Series A Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), which carries a 7.75% annual dividend rate. Finally, our compensation expense has increased as we hired new personnel and increased salaries of existing employees to administer a larger loan portfolio and more complex loan transactions.

Unfunded commitments. Most of our loans are funded in full at closing. However, where all or a portion of the loan proceeds are to be used to fund the costs of renovating or constructing improvements on the property, only a portion of the loan may be funded at closing. At September 30, 2023, our mortgage loan portfolio included 144 loans with future funding obligations, in the aggregate principal amount of $107.7 million, compared 185 loans with future funding obligations, in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $118.0 million at September 30, 2022. Advances under construction loans are funded against requests supported by all required documentation (including lien waivers) as and when needed to pay contractors and other costs of construction. To deal with these obligations, we are compelled to maintain higher cash balances, which could adversely impact our financial performance.

Despite these challenges we continue to believe in the viability of our business model. We believe that there continues to be a significant market opportunity for a well-capitalized “hard money” lender to originate attractively priced loans to small- and mid-scale real estate developers with good collateral, particularly in markets where, traditionally, real estate values are stable and substandard properties are improved, rehabilitated, and renovated as well as under-developed markets that are experiencing rapid growth due to population shifts. We also believe developers will prefer to borrow from us rather than other lending sources because of flexibility in structuring loans to suit their needs, our lending criteria, which places greater emphasis on the value of the collateral rather than the property cash flow or credit of the borrower, and our ability to close quickly. Our goal is, and has always been, to continue to grow our mortgage loan portfolio and increase our loan profitability, while at the same time maintain or improve our existing underwriting and loan criteria.

Financing Strategy Overview

To continue to grow our business, we must increase the size of our loan portfolio, which requires that we use our existing working capital to fund new loans and raise additional capital either by selling shares of our capital stock or by incurring additional indebtedness and we are mindful of the need to repay it at the appropriate time. Although we have no pre-set guidelines in terms of leverage ratio, the amount of leverage we will deploy will depend on our assessment of a variety of factors, which may include the liquidity of the real estate market in which most of our collateral is located, employment rates, general economic conditions, the cost of funds relative to the yield curve, the potential for losses and extension risk in our portfolio, the gap between the duration of our assets and liabilities, our opinion regarding the creditworthiness of our borrowers, the value of the collateral underlying our portfolio, and our outlook for interest rates and property values. At September 30, 2023, debt represented approximately 61.0% of our total capital compared to 59.8% at September 30, 2022. To prudently grow the business and satisfy the tax requirement to distribute 90% of our taxable income, we expect to maintain our current level of debt and look to reduce our cost of capital. We intend to continue to leverage our portfolio for the sole purpose of financing our portfolio and not for speculating on changes in interest rates.

As of September 30, 2023, we had seven series of unsecured unsubordinated notes outstanding, having an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $288.4 million (collectively, the “Notes”) all of which rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future senior unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness and are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant a security interest) and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries. Interest on each series of notes is payable quarterly in arrears on each March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30 of each year they are outstanding and, except

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as noted below, each series can be prepaid beginning on the second anniversary of its date of issuance. The aggregate net proceeds, net of the deferred financing costs, from the sale of the notes was approximately $276.4 million.

● $40,250,000 aggregate original principal amount, issued August 23, 2022, bearing interest at the rate of 8.00% per annum and maturing on September 30, 2027 (the “September 2027 Notes”) and which trade on the NYSE American under the symbol SCCG;

● $30,000,000 aggregate original principal amount, issued May 11, 2022, bearing interest at the rate of 7.125% per annum and maturing on June 30, 2027 (the “June 2027 Notes”) and which trade on the NYSE American under the symbol SCCF;

● $51,875,000 aggregate original principal amount, issued March 9, 2022, bearing interest at the rate of 6.00% per annum and maturing on March 30, 2027 (the “March 2027 Notes”) and which trade on the NYSE American under the symbol SCCE;

● $51,750,000 million original principal amount, issued December 20, 2021, bearing interest at the rate of 6.00% per annum and maturing on December 30, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) and which trade on the NYSE American under the symbol SCCD;

● $56,363,750 million aggregate original principal amount, of which approximately $14.4 million was issued September 4, 2020, $14.0 million was issued October 23, 2020 and $28.0 million was issued December 22, 2020, bearing interest at the rate of 7.75% per annum and maturing on September 30, 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and which trade on the NYSE American under the symbol SCCC;

● $34,500,000 million original principal amount, issued November 7, 2019, bearing interest at the rate of 6.875% per annum and maturing on December 30, 2024 (the “December 2024 Notes”) and which trade on the NYSE American under the symbol SACC; and

● $23,663,000 million original principal amount, issued June 25, 2019, bearing interest at the rate of 7.125% per annum and maturing on June 30, 2024 (the “June 2024 Notes”) and which trade on the NYSE American under the symbol SCCB.

Each series of Notes was issued pursuant to the Indenture, dated June 21, 2019, and a supplement thereto, which provides for the form and terms, including default provisions and cures, applicable to each series. All the Notes are subject to (i) “Defeasance,” which means that, by depositing with a trustee an amount of cash and/or government securities sufficient to pay all principal and interest, if any, on such notes when due and satisfying any additional conditions required under the Indenture, we will be deemed to have been discharged from our obligations under such notes and (ii) an “Asset Coverage Ratio” requirement pursuant to which we may not (x) pay any dividends or make distributions in excess of 90% of our taxable income, (y) incur any indebtedness or (z) purchase any shares of our capital stock unless we have an “Asset Coverage Ratio” of at least 150% after giving effect to the payment of such dividend, the making of such distribution or the incurrence of such indebtedness. “Asset Coverage Ratio” means the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the value of our total assets relative to the aggregate amount of its indebtedness.

Under the terms of the Indenture, we may, at our option, at any time and from time to time, on or after two years from the date of issuance redeem the Notes. Accordingly, notes in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $114.5 million are currently redeemable. Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $51.75 million will become redeemable on December 20, 2023 and Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $122.13 million will become redeemable at various dates in 2024. In all cases, the redemption price equal to 100% of the outstanding principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption. On and after any redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the redeemed notes.

Our secured indebtedness includes the Churchill Facility, the Wells Fargo Loan, the New NHB Mortgage and the Needham Credit Facility (each as described below).

On July 21, 2021, we consummated a $200 million facility (the “Churchill Facility”) with Churchill MRA Funding I LLC (“Churchill”). Under the terms of the Churchill Facility, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell mortgage loans to Churchill, and Churchill has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase those loans. In addition, we have the right and, in some instances the

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obligation, to repurchase those loans from Churchill. The amount that Churchill will pay for each mortgage loan it purchases will vary based on the attributes of the loan and various other circumstances but generally will not exceed 70% of the unpaid principal balance purchased. The repurchase price is calculated by applying an interest factor, as defined, to the purchase price of the mortgage loan. We also granted Churchill a first priority security interest on the mortgage loans sold to Churchill to secure our repurchase obligation. The cost of capital under the Churchill Facility is equal to the sum of (a) the greater of (i) 0.25% and (ii) the 90-day SOFR plus (b) 3% - 4%, depending on the aggregate principal amount of the mortgage loans held by Churchill at that time. Our obligations under the Churchill Facility are secured by a lien on the mortgage loans sold to Churchill. The Churchill Facility is also subject to various terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and agreements typically found in these types of financing arrangements, including a covenant that (A) prohibits us from (i) paying any dividend or make any distribution in excess of 90% of our taxable income, (ii) incurring any indebtedness or (iii) purchasing any shares of our capital stock, unless, in any case, we have an asset coverage ratio of at least 150%; and (B) requires us to maintain unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to or greater than 2.50% of the amount of our repurchase obligations. Churchill has the right to terminate the Churchill Facility at any time upon 180 days prior notice to us. At such time, we have an additional 180 days after termination to repurchase all the mortgage loans held by Churchill. We believe the Churchill Facility gives us the ability to raise capital as needed at a relatively low rate. It also gives us the flexibility to seek other sources of funding. At September 30, 2023, the amount outstanding under the Churchill Facility was approximately $47.9 million, which amount was accruing interest at the rate of 9.47% per annum.

In 2020, we established a margin loan account with Wells Fargo that allows us to borrow against our investment securities portfolio (the “Wells Fargo Loan”). The Wells Fargo Loan is secured by our portfolio of short-term securities, had a balance of approximately $26.3 million at September 30, 2023. The outstanding balance on this loan bears interest at a rate equal to 1.75% below the prime rate. At September 30, 2023 the prime rate was 8.50% and the interest rate on the Wells Fargo Loan was, thus, 6.75%. As of the date of this report, there has not been a change in the interest rates stated as of September 30, 2023.

In 2021, we obtained a $1.4 million adjustable-rate mortgage loan from New Haven Bank (the “NHB Mortgage”) of which $750,000 was funded at closing and remained outstanding as of December 31, 2022. The purpose of the NHB Mortgage was to fund the cost of our acquisition and renovation of the property located at 568 East Main Street, Branford, Connecticut, as our new corporate headquarters. The balance of the NHB Mortgage was to be funded when those renovations were completed. Prior to its refinancing in February 2023, as described below, the NHB Mortgage accrued interest at an initial rate of 3.75% per annum for the first 72 months and was to be due and payable in full on December 1, 2037. During the first 12 months, from December 1, 2021 to November 30, 2022, only interest was due and payable. Beginning December 1, 2022 and through December 1, 2037, principal and interest was to be due and payable monthly, based on a 20-year amortization schedule.

On February 28, 2023, we refinanced the NHB Mortgage with a new $1.66 million adjustable-rate mortgage loan from New Haven Bank (the “New NHB Mortgage”). The new loan accrues interest at an initial rate of 5.75% per annum for the first 60 months. The interest rate will be adjusted on each of March 1, 2028 and March 1, 2033 to the then published 5-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate, plus 1.75%. Beginning on April 1, 2023 and through March 1, 2038, principal and interest will be due and payable monthly, based on a 20-year amortization schedule. The unpaid principal amount of the loan and all accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable in full on March 1, 2038. The new loan is a non-recourse obligation, secured by a first mortgage lien on the property located at 568 East Main Street, Branford, Connecticut.

On March 2, 2023, we entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), with Needham Bank, a Massachusetts co-operative bank, as the administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”) for the lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”) with respect to a $45 million revolving credit facility (the “Needham Credit Facility”). Under the Credit Agreement, we have the right to request an increase in the size of the Needham Credit Facility up to $75 million, subject to certain conditions, including the approval of the Lenders. As of September 8, 2023, the Needham Credit Facility was increased to $65 million. Loans under the Needham Credit Facility accrue interest at the greater of (i) the annual rate of interest equal to the “prime rate,” as published in the “Money Rates” column of The Wall Street Journal minus one-quarter of one percent (0.25%), and (ii) four and one-half percent (4.50%). All amounts borrowed under the Needham Credit Facility are secured by a first priority lien on virtually all our assets. Assets excluded from the lien include real estate owned by us (other than real estate acquired pursuant to foreclosure) and mortgages sold under the Churchill Facility. The Needham Credit Facility expires March 2, 2026 subject to our right to extend the term for one year upon the consent of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, which consent cannot be unreasonably withheld, and so long as we are not in default and satisfy certain other conditions. All outstanding revolving loans and accrued but unpaid interest are due and payable on the expiration date. We have the right to terminate the Needham Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty by delivering written notice to the Administrative Agent at least ten (10) days prior to the proposed date of termination. The Needham Credit Facility is subject to other terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and agreements typically

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found in these types of financing arrangements, including a covenant that requires us to maintain: (A) a ratio of Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to Debt Service (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of less than 1.40 to 1.0, tested on a trailing-twelve-month basis at the end of each fiscal quarter, commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2023; (B) a sum of cash, cash equivalents and availability under the facility equal to or greater than $10 million; and (C) an asset coverage ratio of at least 150%. As of September 30, 2023 and November 10, 2023, the interest rate on the Needham Credit Facility was 8.25% per annum.

Finally, from time-to-time we raise capital by selling our Common Shares in various at-the market offerings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, under our at-the-market offering facility (see Note 17 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements), we sold an aggregate of 4,140,503 Common Shares, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $15.6 million and we sold shares of Series A Preferred Stock having an aggregate liquidation preference of $2,321,975, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $1.9 million representing a discount of approximately 16.7% from the liquidation preference. At September 30, 2023, approximately $55.7 million of Common Shares and $23.1 million of Series A Preferred Stock were available for future sale under the ongoing at-the-market offering.

REIT Qualification

We believe that we have qualified as a REIT since the consummation of the IPO and that it is in the best interests of our shareholders that we operate as a REIT. We made the election to be taxed as a REIT beginning with our 2017 tax year. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our shareholders on an annual basis. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain REIT status.

Our qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets, our compliance with the distribution requirements applicable to REITs and the diversity of ownership of our outstanding Common Shares. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

So long as we qualify as a REIT, we, generally, will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income that we distribute currently to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate income tax rates and may be precluded from electing to be treated as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we lose our REIT qualification. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management will base the use of estimates on (a) various assumptions that consider prior reporting results, (b) projections regarding future operations and (c) general financial market and local and general economic conditions. Actual amounts could differ materially from those estimates.

Interest income from commercial loans is recognized, as earned, over the loan period, whereas origination and modification fee revenue on commercial loans are amortized over the term of the respective notes.

Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to three months ended September 30, 2022

Total revenue

Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $17.5 million compared to approximately $13.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of approximately $4.0 million, or 29.5%. The increase in revenue is primarily attributable to an increase in our lending operations as well as to the increase in the interest rates that we are able

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to charge borrowers in comparison to the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the 2023 period, interest income was approximately $14.3 million compared to approximately $11.5 million for the 2022 period, representing an increase of approximately $2.8 million or 23.6%. Origination and modification fees were approximately $1.2 million compared to approximately $1.7 million for the 2022 period, representing a decrease of approximately $0.5 million or 28.4%. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, revenue was partially offset by approximately $0.2 million of unrealized losses on investment securities million compared to approximately $1.1 million for the 2022 period, representing an increase of approximately $0.8 million or 77.7%.

Operating costs and expenses

Total operating costs and expenses for three months ended September 30, 2023 were approximately $11.3 million compared to approximately $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of approximately $2.8 million, or 33.7%. The increase in operating costs and expenses is primarily attributable to the increase in our indebtedness, which was the fuel for our revenue growth, along with increases in the cost of funds. In the 2023 period, interest and amortization of deferred financing costs was approximately $7.7 million compared to approximately $6.0 million in the same 2022 period, an increase of approximately $1.7 million or 28.6%. The balance of the increase in operating expenses was primarily attributable to (i) compensation, fees and taxes which increased approximately $0.2 million, a 15.0% increase over the comparable 2022 amount, and (ii) general and administrative expenses, which increased approximately $0.6 million, a 84.6% increase over the comparable 2022 amount.

Comprehensive income

For the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we reported an unrealized loss on investment securities of approximately $83,600 reflecting the decrease in the market value of certain securities since June 30, 2023. For the quarter ended September 30, 2022, we reported an unrealized loss on investment securities of approximately $132,000 reflecting a decrease in the market value of certain securities since June 30, 2022.

Net income

Net income attributable to common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $5.2 million, or $0.12 per share, compared to approximately $4.1 million, or $0.11 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2023

Total revenue

Total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $48.7 million compared to approximately $36.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of approximately $12.3 million, or 33.8%. The increase in revenue is primarily attributable to the growth in our lending operations as well as to the increase in the interest rates that we are able to charge borrowers in comparison to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. For the 2023 period, interest income was approximately $37.2 million compared to approximately $30.5 million for the 2022 period, representing an increase of approximately $6.7 million or 21.9%. Income from partnership investments increased to approximately $2.3 million for the 2023 period compared to approximately $1.1 million for the 2022 period, an increase of approximately $1.2 million. Fee and other income was approximately $3.5 million for the 2023 period compared to approximately $2.0 million for the 2022 period, an increase of approximately $1.5 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, unrealized gain on investment securities was approximately $0.4 million, an increase of approximately $4.0 million compared to revenue being partially offset by an unrealized loss of approximately $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Operating costs and expenses

Total operating costs and expenses for nine months ended September 30, 2023 were approximately $31.7 million compared to approximately $21.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of approximately $9.9 million, or 45.7%. The increase in operating costs and expenses is primarily attributable to the increase in our overall indebtedness along with increases in our cost of funds. In the 2023 period, interest and amortization of deferred financing costs was approximately $21.7 million compared to approximately $15.1 million in the same 2022 period, an increase of $6.6 million, or 43.8%. The balance of the increase in operating expenses was attributable to (i) compensation, fees and taxes which increased approximately $1.4 million, or 37.5%, (ii)

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general and administrative expenses which increased approximately $1.5 million, or 77.4%, and (iii) partially offset by an impairment loss which decreased approximately $0.2 million, or 22.5%.

Comprehensive income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we reported an unrealized gain on investment securities of approximately $0.1 million reflecting the increase in the market value of such securities since December 31, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we reported an unrealized loss on investment securities of approximately $81,500 reflecting the decrease in the market value of such securities since December 31, 2021.

Net Income

Net income attributable to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $14.2 million, or $0.32 per share, compared to $11.9 million, or $0.32 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Non-GAAP Metrics – Adjusted Earnings

We invest our excess cash in marketable securities. Under GAAP, those securities are required to be “marked to market” at the end of each reporting period. Accordingly, if the value of certain of those securities increases, the increase is reported as revenue, and the increase in the other securities is reported as a change in accumulated other comprehensive income. On the other hand, if the value decreases, the decrease in value of certain of the securities reduces our revenues. For income tax purposes, we do not report the gain or loss on those securities until they are sold. This creates a discrepancy between our GAAP net income and our taxable income. To maintain our status as a REIT, we are required to distribute, on an annual basis, at least 90% of our taxable income. Thus, to give our shareholders a better perspective of our taxable income, we use a metric called Adjusted Earnings.

Adjusted Earnings is calculated as net income attributable to common shareholders, prior to the effect unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale. Adjusted Earnings should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) as shown in our statements of comprehensive income. Adjusted Earnings should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP), or to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), as a measure of our liquidity. Similarly, Adjusted Earnings is not indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs or available for distribution to shareholders. Rather, Adjusted Earnings is an additional measure we use to analyze our business performance because it excludes the effects of certain non-cash charges that we believe are not necessarily indicative of our operating performance. It should be noted that our manner of calculating Adjusted Earnings may differ from the calculations of similarly-titled measures by other companies. In addition, there may be other differences between GAAP and tax accounting that would impact Adjusted Earnings, which are not reflected in the table below.

	For the Three Month				For the Nine Month
	Period Ended September 30,				Period Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Adjusted Earnings:
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	5,223,440	$	4,131,873	$	14,192,177	$	11,867,385
Add: Unrealized (gains) losses on investment securities		239,989		1,076,836		(360,610)		3,607,498
Adjusted earnings attributable to common shareholders	$	5,463,429	$	5,208,709	$	13,831,567	$	15,474,883

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 adjusted earnings per share was $0.12 and $0.13, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 adjusted earnings per share was $0.32 and $0.42, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Total assets at September 30, 2023 were approximately $637.8 million compared to approximately $565.7 million at December 31, 2022, an increase of approximately $72.2 million, or 12.8%. The increase was due primarily to the increase of our mortgage loan portfolio of approximately $35.3 million, an increase in investments in partnerships of approximately $9.1 million, an increase in net investments in rental real estate of approximately $10.4 million, and an increase in investment securities of approximately $12.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in real estate owned of approximately $1.7 million.

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Total liabilities at September 30, 2023 were approximately $402.3 million compared to approximately $348.0 million at December 31, 2022, an increase of approximately $54.4 million, or 15.6%. This increase is principally due to increases in the repurchase facility of approximately $5.4 million and the line of credit of approximately $47.8 million, offset primarily by a decrease in accrued dividends payable of approximately $5.3 million.

Total shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2023 was approximately $235.5 million compared to approximately $217.7 million at December 31, 2022, an increase of approximately $17.8 million, or 8.2%. This increase was due primarily to net proceeds of approximately $15.4 million from the sale of Common Shares, net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million from the sale of Series A Preferred Stock, and our net income of approximately $17.0 million, offset by dividends paid on our Series A Preferred Stock and Common Shares of approximately $2.8 million and $11.6 million, respectively, and a cumulative credit loss adjustment resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023 of approximately $2.5 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $18.9 million compared to approximately $12.4 million for the comparable 2022 period. For the 2023 period net cash provided by operating activities consisted primarily of net income of approximately $17.0 million, amortization of deferred financing costs and bond discount of approximately $1.8 million, stock-based compensation of approximately $0.6 million, impairment loss of approximately $0.6 million, increases in advances from borrowers of approximately $2.6 million and deferred revenue of approximately $0.6 million, offset by unrealized gain on investment securities of approximately $0.4 million, increase in due from borrowers of approximately $2.2 million, increase in other assets in aggregate of approximately $1.2 million, and an increase in interest and fees receivable of approximately $1.6 million. For the 2022 period net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $12.4 million. For the 2022 period net cash provided by operating activities consisted primarily of net income of approximately $14.6 million, amortization of deferred financing costs and bond discount of $1.7 million and unrealized loss on investment securities of approximately $3.6 million, offset by increases in interest and fees receivable of $2.2 million, due from borrowers of $1.5 million and decreases in advances from borrowers of approximately $5.1 million.

Net cash used for investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $67.6 million compared to approximately $151.2 million for the comparable 2022 period. For the 2023 period, net cash used for investing activities consisted primarily of purchases of investment securities of approximately $21.1 million, net purchases of interests in investment partnerships of approximately $9.1 million, investment in rental real estate of approximately $10.7 million and principal disbursements for mortgages receivable of approximately $159.7 million, offset by principal collections on mortgages receivable of approximately $123.5 million, proceeds from sale of real estate owned of approximately $0.1 million, proceeds from sale of property and equipment of approximately $0.5 million, and by proceeds from the sale of investment securities of approximately $9.1 million. For the 2022 period, net cash used for investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was approximately $151.2 million. For the 2022 period, net cash used for investing activities consisted primarily of purchases of investment securities of approximately $39.7 million, net purchases of interests in investment partnerships of approximately $16.5 million and principal disbursements for mortgages receivable of approximately $252.4 million, offset by proceeds from the sale of investment securities of approximately $62.2 million, proceeds from the sale of real estate owned of approximately $1.6 million, and by principal collections on mortgages receivable of approximately $95.2 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $50.7 million compared to approximately $132.3 million for the comparable 2022 period. Net cash provided by financing activities for the 2023 period consists principally of net proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares of approximately $15.3 million, net proceeds from the issuance of Series A Preferred Stock of approximately $1.9 million, net proceeds from line of credit of approximately $47.8 million, net proceeds from repurchase facility of approximately $5.4 million, and proceeds from mortgage of $0.4 million, offset primarily by dividends paid on Common Shares of approximately $16.9 million and Series A Preferred Stock of approximately $2.8 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the 2022 period consists principally of net proceeds from the issuance of fixed rate notes of approximately $122.1 million, net proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares of approximately $36.7 million and net proceeds from repurchase facility of approximately $24.0 million, offset primarily by repayment of line of credit of approximately $29.6 million, dividends paid on Common Shares of approximately $13.5 million, dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock of approximately $2.8 million, and financing costs incurred in connection with fixed rate notes of approximately $4.5 million.

We project anticipated cash requirements for our operating needs as well as cash flows generated from operating activities available to meet these needs. Our short-term cash requirements primarily include funding of loans and construction draws and payments for usual and customary operating and administrative expenses, such as interest payments on notes payable, employee

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compensation, sales, marketing expenses and dividends. Based on this analysis, we believe that our current cash balances, and our anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund the operations for the next 12 months.

Our long-term cash needs will include principal payments on outstanding indebtedness and funding of new mortgage loans. Funding for long-term cash needs will come from unused net proceeds from financing activities, operating cash flows and proceeds from sales of real estate owned.

From and after the effective date of our REIT election, we intend to pay regular quarterly distributions to holders of our Common Shares in an amount not less than 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains).

Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements were available to be issued. Based on the evaluation, no adjustments were required in the accompanying financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not a party to any off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are likely to affect liquidity or the availability of our requirements for capital resources.

Contractual Obligations

As of September 30, 2023, our contractual obligations include unfunded amounts of any outstanding construction loans and unfunded commitments for loans as well as contractual obligations consisting of operating leases for equipment, software licenses and investment in partnerships.

			Less than		1 – 3		3 – 5		More than
	Total		1 year		years		years		5 years
Investment in partnerships	$	1,024,241	$	1,024,241	$	—	$	—	$	—
Unfunded loan commitments		107,727,624		107,727,624		—		—		—
Total contractual obligations	$	108,751,865	$	108,751,865	$	—	$	—	$	—

Critical Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies” to the financial statements for explanation of recent accounting pronouncements impacting us included elsewhere in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

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Item 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation and Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, specifically our chief executive and interim chief financial officer (same person), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2023 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, management concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act (i) are recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) are accumulated and communicated to management, specifically our chief executive and interim chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Company Purchases of its Equity Securities

In October 2022, the Board adopted a stock repurchase plan (the “Repurchase Program”), pursuant to which we may repurchase up to an aggregate of $7,500,000 of our Common Shares. Under the Repurchase Program, share repurchases will be made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices or in negotiated transactions off the market in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 and 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. During the three month period ended September 30, 2023, no shares were repurchased under the Repurchase Program. On September 7, 2023, the Board extended the Repurchase Program through October 9, 2024.

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Item 6.   EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.	Description
2.1	Form of Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement (1)
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation (1)
3.1(a)	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation (1)
3.1(b)	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed on October 7, 2019 (2)
3.1(c)	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed on June 25, 2021 (9)
3.1(d)	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed on July 19, 2022 (19)
3.1(e)	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed on August 23, 2022 (20)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective as of November 25, 2019 (3)
4.1	Indenture, dated as of June 21, 2019, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (4)
4.2	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 25, 2019, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (4)
4.3	Form of 7.125% Notes due 2024 (4)
4.4	Second Supplemental Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (2)
4.5	Form of 6.875% Notes due 2024 (6)
4.6	Third Supplemental Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (7)
4.7	Form of 7.75% Notes due 2025 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.6 above)
4.8	Specimen 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate(9)
4.9	Fourth Supplemental Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (10)
4.10	Form of 6.00% Note due 2026 (attached as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.9 above).
4.11	Fifth Supplemental Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee (14)
4.12	Form of 6.00% Note due 2027 (attached as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.11 above)
4.13	Sixth Supplemental Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee (16)
4.14	Form of 7.125% Note due 2027 (attached as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.13 above)
4.15	Seventh Supplemental Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee (21)
4.16	Form of 8.00% Note due 2027 (attached as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.15 above)
4.17	Revolving Credit Note, dated March 2, 2023, in the principal amount of $45 million in favor of Needham Bank, as lender (22)
10.1**	Employment Agreement by and between John L. Villano and Sachem Capital Corp (1)
10.2	Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (1)
10.3**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated July 17, 2018 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and each of Leslie Bernhard, Arthur Goldberg and Brian Prinz (5)
10.4**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated October 4, 2019 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and each of Leslie Bernhard, Arthur Goldberg and Brian Prinz (2)
10.5**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated April 2021 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and John L. Villano (11)
10.6	Master Repurchase Agreement and Securities Contract, dated as of July 21, 2021, between Sachem Capital Corp. and Churchill MRA Funding I LLC (12)
10.7	Custodial Agreement, dated as of July 21, 2021, among Sachem Capital Corp., Churchill MRA Funding I LLC. and U.S. Bank National Association (12)

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10.8**	Agreement and General Release, dated as of January 14, 2022, between Sachem Capital Corp. and Peter J. Cuozzo (15)
10.9**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated April 2022 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and John L. Villano (17)
10.10**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated October 15, 2020 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and each of Leslie Bernhard, Arthur Goldberg and Brian Prinz (19)
10.11**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated October 13, 2021 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and each of Leslie Bernhard, Arthur Goldberg and Brian Prinz (19)
10.12**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated July 19, 2022 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and each of Leslie Bernhard, Arthur Goldberg and Brian Prinz (19)
10.13**	Employment Agreement, dated July 26, 2022, by and between John E. Warch and Sachem Capital Corp.(18)
10.14	Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2023, among Sachem Capital Corp., the lenders party thereto and Needham Bank, as administrative agent (22)
10.14(a)	First Amendment to the Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2023, among Sachem Capital Corp., the lenders party thereto and Needham Bank, as administrative agent *
10.15**	Final Form of the Restrictive Stock Grant Agreement dated February 17, 2023 under the Sachem Capital Corp. 2016 Equity Compensation Plan between the Company and John L. Villano (23)
10.16**	Separation Agreement and General Release, dated as of May 5, 2023, between Sachem Capital Corp. and John E. Warch (23)
31.1	Chief Executive and Financial Officer Certification as required under section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act *
32.1	Chief Executive and Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350 as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act ***
99.1	Open-End Construction Mortgage, Security Agreement and Assignment of Leases and Rents, dated February 28, 2023, by Sachem Capital Corp., in connection with the New Haven Bank Mortgage refinancing (22)
99.2	Commercial Term Note made by Sachem Capital Corp to New Haven Bank, dated February 28, 2023, in the principal amount of $1,660,000 (attached as Exhibit B to Exhibit 99.1 above)
99.3	Loan Agreement between Sachem Capital Corp. and New Haven Bank, dated as of February 28, 2023 (22)
99.4	Mortgage Release releasing Sachem Capital Corp. from the $1.4 million mortgage loan (22)
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document *
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document *
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document *
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document *
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document *
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document *
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)*

* Filed herewith.

** Compensation plan or arrangement for current or former executive officers and directors.

*** Furnished, not filed, in accordance with item 601(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

(1) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-11, as amended (SEC File No.: 333-214323) and incorporated herein by reference.

(2) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.

(3) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on November 27, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.

(4) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on June 25, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.

(5) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.

42

(6) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on November 6, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.

(7) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on September 9, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.

(8) Intentionally omitted.

(9) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on June 29, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.

(10) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on December 20, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.

(11) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on April 13, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.

(12) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on July 27, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.

(13) Intentionally omitted.

(14) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on March 9, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(15) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.

(16) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on May 12, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(17) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(18) (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on July 27, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(19) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(20) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on August 24, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(21) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on August 23, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(22) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K on March 3, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.

(23) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.

43

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	SACHEM CAPITAL CORP.
Date: November 13, 2023	By:	/s/ John L. Villano
		John L. Villano, CPA
		President, Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Executive, Accounting and Financial Officer)

44

EX-10.14(A)

Exhibit 10.14(a)

FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

This First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (this “Amendment”), dated as of September 8, 2023, is entered into by and among Sachem Capital Corp., a New York corporation (the “Borrower”), each lender from time to time a party hereto (collectively, the “Lenders” and individually a “Lender”) and Needham Bank, a Massachusetts co-operative bank (“Needham”), in its capacity as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), to amend that certain Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2023, among the Borrower, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent (the “Credit Agreement”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given such terms in the Credit Agreement.

WHEREAS, the Borrower have requested that the Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment be increased from $45,000,000.00 to $65,000,000.00, in accordance with Section 2.16 of the Credit Agreement, and that Needham Bank, in its capacity as a Lender, increase its Commitment correspondingly; and

WHEREAS, Needham Bank has agreed to accommodate such request on the terms and conditions set forth in this Amendment.

NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.Increased Commitment; Reduction in Accordion.  The parties acknowledge that the Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment is increased from $45,000,000.00 to $65,000,000.00.  Needham Bank, in its capacity as a Lender, agrees to increase its Commitment from $45,000,000.00 to $65,000,000.00.  The Borrower acknowledges that its ability to request additional increases to the Maximum Revolving Commitment pursuant to Section 2.16 of the Credit Agreement is reduced from $30,000,000.00 to $10,000,000.00.  In furtherance of the foregoing:

(a)The following is added in appropriate alphabetical order as new defined term to Section 1.1 of the Credit Agreement:

“’First Amendment Date’ means September 8, 2023, which is the date of the First Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement among the Borrower, the Lenders and the Agent.”

(b)The definition of Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment in Section 1.1 of the Credit Agreement is hereby replaced in its entirety with the following:

“’Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment’ means the aggregate Commitments of the Lenders.  As of the First Amendment Date, the Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment is Sixty-Five Million and 00/100 ($65,000,000.00) US Dollars.’

(c)Exhibit D to the Credit Agreement is hereby replaced in its entirety with Exhibit D attached hereto.

2.Commitment Fee.  In consideration of Needham Bank’s agreement to increase its Commitment as described in this Amendment, the Borrower shall pay to Needham Bank a commitment fee in the amount of $100,000.00, which fee shall be due and payable, and shall be deemed to be nonrefundable, on the date hereof.

3.Minimum Assigned Loan Balance.  Section 2.8 of the Credit Agreement, which currently states “Intentionally Omitted,” is replaced in its entirety with the following:

“2.8If at any time the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Assigned Loans is less than $30,000,000.00, then the Borrower shall, within five (5) Business Days after Borrower becomes aware of such deficiency (whether on its own or as a result of receipt of written notice from Lender), deliver to the Administrative Agent Collateral Assignment Documents with respect to additional Assigned Loans having an aggregate outstanding principal balance at least equal to the deficiency.”

4.Depository Relationship and Cash Management Business.  Section 5.4(b) of the Credit Agreement is replaced in its entirety with the following:

“(b)No later than January 1, 2024, open and thereafter maintain (and cause its Subsidiaries to open and thereafter maintain), all of its and their deposit, operating and other bank accounts with the Administrative Agent and utilize (and cause its Subsidiaries to utilize) the Administrative Agent’s cash management services for all of its and their cash management requirements.”

5.Ratification of Obligations.  The Borrower acknowledges and agrees that: (i) it is liable for all Obligations; (ii) such Obligations are the valid and binding obligations of the Borrower, enforceable against the Borrower in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents; (iii) as of the date hereof, the Borrower has no defenses, offsets, or counterclaims to the repayment or performance of such Obligations; and (iv) except as amended hereby, the Loan Documents and each provision thereof are hereby ratified and confirmed in every respect.

6.No Defaults.  The Borrower represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that, as of the date of this Amendment, no Default or Event of Default (as defined in the Credit Agreement) has occurred and is continuing or will result from the execution and delivery of this Amendment.

7.Confirmation of Representations and Warranties.  To induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into this Amendment, the Borrower affirms and restates as of the date thereof and hereof each of its representations and warranties contained in the Loan Documents.

8.Additional Representations and Warranties.  The Borrower represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that the execution, delivery and performance of this Amendment: (i) have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action by the Borrower; (ii) do not require the consent of any party (including, without limitation, any stockholders or creditors of the Borrower); (iii) will not (A) violate any law or regulation or the charters, by-laws or similar constituent documents of the Borrower, (B) violate any order of any court, tribunal or governmental agency binding on the Borrower or any of its properties, or (C) violate or constitute (after due notice or lapse of time or both) a default under any indenture, agreement, license or other instrument or contract to which the Borrower is a party or by which it or any of its properties are bound; and (iv) do not require any filing or registration with, or any permit, license, consent or approval from, any governmental agency or regulatory authority.

9.No Waiver or Amendment.  Except as expressly contemplated hereby, this Amendment shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any Defaults or Events of Default that may exist under the Loan Documents, nor a waiver or amendment of any term or condition set forth in the Loan Documents.

10.Conditions Precedent.  The effectiveness of this Amendment is subject to receipt by the Administrative Lender and Needham Bank, as applicable, of (a) an original counterpart of this Amendment, executed by the Borrower, (b) the commitment fee described in Section 2 hereof, and (c) an allonge to Needham Bank’s Note, increasing the principal amount thereof, effective as of the date hereof, to $65,000,000.00.

- 2 -

11.Counterparts.  This Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which, when taken together, shall constitute but one instrument.

12.Amendment as Loan Document; Conflicts.  This Amendment constitutes a Loan Document under and as defined in the Credit Agreement.  This Amendment shall be governed by the provisions of the Credit Agreement pertaining to governing law, jurisdiction and forum, and waiver of jury trial, each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.  In the event of any conflict between any provision of this Amendment and the other Loan Documents, it is the express and absolute understanding and agreement of the parties that this Amendment shall be interpreted so as to be consistent with the other Loan Documents and to give full effect to the rights granted to the Lenders and the Agent herein and therein.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows]

- 3 -

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this First Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement to be executed under seal by their respective duly authorized officers as of the date first above written.

Sachem Capital Corp., as the Borrower
By:	/s/ John L. Villano
Name:	John L. Villano
Title:	Chief Executive Officer
Needham Bank, as the Administrative Agent and the sole Lender as of the date hereof
By:	/s/ Blake T. Bamford
Name:	Blake T. Bamford
Title:	Senior Vice President

Signature Page to First Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement

EXHIBIT D

Commitments and Share

Lender	Commitment	Share
Needham Bank	$65,000,000.00	100.00%
Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment:	$65,000,000.00

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification

I,John L. Villano, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Sachem Capital Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on the most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 13, 2023
	/s/ John L. Villano
	John L. Villano, CPA
	President, Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Executive, Accounting and Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Sachem Capital Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John L. Villano, President, Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 13, 2023

/s/John L. Villano

John L. Villano, CPA

President, Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Executive, Accounting and Financial Officer)

A signed original of this certification has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 10, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-37997
Entity Registrant Name	Sachem Capital Corp.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NY
Entity Tax Identification Number	81-3467779
Entity Address, Address Line One	568 East Main Street,
Entity Address, City or Town	Branford
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06405
City Area Code	203
Local Phone Number	433-4736
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		45,356,429
Entity Central Index Key	0001682220
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common Shares
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Shares, par value $.001 per share
Trading Symbol	SACH
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
7.125% Notes due 2024
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	7.125% Notes due 2024
Trading Symbol	SCCB
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
6.875% Notes due 2024
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	6.875% Notes due 2024
Trading Symbol	SACC
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
7.75% Notes due 2025
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	7.75% Notes due 2025
Trading Symbol	SCCC
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
6.00% Notes due 2026
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	6.00% Notes due 2026
Trading Symbol	SCCD
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
6.00% Notes due 2027
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	6.00% Notes due 2027
Trading Symbol	SCCE
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
7.125% Notes due 2027
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	7.125% Notes due 2027
Trading Symbol	SCCF
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
8.00% Notes due 2027
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	8.00% Notes due 2027
Trading Symbol	SCCG
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Series A Preferred Stock
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Liquidation Preference $25.00 per share
Trading Symbol	SACHPRA
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 25,811,964	$ 23,713,097
Investment securities	37,044,657	24,576,462
Mortgages receivable, net	495,917,840	460,633,268
Investments in partnerships	39,959,110	30,831,180
Interest and fees receivable	7,922,415	6,309,845
Due from borrowers	7,415,413	5,276,967
Real estate owned	3,481,177	5,216,149
Investments in rental real estate, net	10,434,591
Property and equipment, net	3,433,613	4,121,721
Other assets	6,427,159	4,983,173
Total assets	637,847,939	565,661,862
Liabilities:
Unsecured notes payable (net of deferred financing costs of $6,641,817 and $8,352,597)	281,759,933	280,049,153
Repurchase facility	47,929,713	42,533,466
Mortgage payable	1,100,635	750,000
Line of credit	51,339,905	3,587,894
Accrued dividends payable		5,342,160
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,060,788	1,439,219
Advances from borrowers	12,505,033	9,892,164
Below-market lease intangible	664,737
Deferred revenue	4,959,079	4,360,452
Total liabilities	402,319,823	347,954,508
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred shares - $.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 2,903,000 shares designated as Series A Preferred Stock; 1,996,000 and 1,903,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	1,996	1,903
Common shares - $.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 45,364,429 and 41,093,536 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	45,364	41,094
Paid-in capital	243,834,113	226,220,990
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(459,684)	(561,490)
Accumulated deficit	(7,893,673)	(7,995,143)
Total shareholders' equity	235,528,116	217,707,354
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 637,847,939	$ 565,661,862

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred financing costs	$ 6,641,817	$ 8,352,597
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common shares, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common shares, shares issued	45,364,429	41,093,536
Common shares, shares outstanding	45,364,429	41,093,536
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,903,000	2,903,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	1,996,000	1,903,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	1,996,000	1,903,000

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue:
Interest income from loans	$ 14,273,858	$ 11,545,748	$ 37,155,668	$ 30,490,694
Investment gain, net	284,841	238,225	893,510	586,166
Income from partnership investments	781,530	523,067	2,337,731	1,112,560
Origination and modification fees, net	1,194,645	1,669,034	4,434,828	5,759,650
Fee and other income	1,239,552	641,749	3,518,132	2,048,921
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities	(239,989)	(1,076,836)	360,610	(3,607,498)
Total revenue	17,534,437	13,540,987	48,700,479	36,390,493
Operating costs and expenses:
Interest and amortization of deferred financing costs	7,683,059	5,974,975	21,694,966	15,083,228
Compensation, fees and taxes	1,735,430	1,509,518	5,077,213	3,691,421
General and administrative expenses	1,321,807	715,994	3,537,266	1,993,812
Other expenses	336,480	90,899	633,025	320,231
(Gain) Loss on sale of real estate	198,849	962	71,988	(121,381)
(Recovery of) provision for loan losses	(131,382)		65,065	105,000
Impairment loss	200,000	195,000	612,500	685,500
Total operating costs and expenses	11,344,243	8,487,348	31,692,023	21,757,811
Net income	6,190,194	5,053,639	17,008,456	14,632,682
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock	(966,754)	(921,766)	(2,816,279)	(2,765,297)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	5,223,440	4,131,873	14,192,177	11,867,385
Other comprehensive loss
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities	(83,606)	(131,569)	101,806	(81,525)
Comprehensive income	$ 5,139,834	$ 4,000,304	$ 14,293,983	$ 11,785,860
Basic and diluted net income per common share outstanding:
Basic	$ 0.12	$ 0.11	$ 0.32	$ 0.32
Diluted	$ 0.12	$ 0.11	$ 0.32	$ 0.32
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	44,754,921	38,829,610	43,805,310	36,723,305
Diluted	44,754,921	38,829,852	43,805,310	36,729,184

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited) - USD ($)	Series A Preferred Stock Preferred Shares	Series A Preferred Stock Additional Paid in Capital	Series A Preferred Stock	Preferred Shares	Common Shares	Additional Paid in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021				$ 1,903	$ 32,730	$ 185,516,394	$ (476,016)	$ (4,992,450)	$ 180,082,561
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021				1,903,000	32,730,004
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses					$ 7,177	36,647,242			36,654,419
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses (in shares)					7,177,043
Exercise of warrants					$ 20	(20)
Exercise of warrants (in shares)					19,658
Stock based compensation					$ 154	357,167			357,321
Stock based compensation (in shares)					153,967
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities							(81,525)		(81,525)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock								(2,765,297)	(2,765,297)
Dividends paid on common shares								(9,580,187)	(9,580,187)
Net income for the period								14,632,682	14,632,682
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022				$ 1,903	$ 40,081	222,520,783	(557,541)	(2,705,252)	219,299,974
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022				1,903,000	40,080,672
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022				$ 1,903	$ 36,756	206,973,510	(425,972)	(1,583,202)	205,002,995
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022				1,903,000	36,755,786
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses					$ 3,310	15,420,273			15,423,583
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses (in shares)					3,309,886
Stock based compensation					$ 15	127,000			127,015
Stock based compensation (in shares)					15,000
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities							(131,569)		(131,569)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock								(921,766)	(921,766)
Dividends paid on common shares								(5,253,923)	(5,253,923)
Net income for the period								5,053,639	5,053,639
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022				$ 1,903	$ 40,081	222,520,783	(557,541)	(2,705,252)	219,299,974
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022				1,903,000	40,080,672
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022				$ 1,903	$ 41,094	226,220,990	(561,490)	(7,995,143)	217,707,354
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022				1,903,000	41,093,536
Adoption of ASU 2016-13								(2,489,574)	(2,489,574)
Issuance of Preferred Stock, net of expenses	$ 93	$ 1,895,110	$ 1,895,203
Issuance of Preferred Stock, net of expenses (in shares)	92,879
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses					$ 4,158	15,327,773			15,331,931
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses (in shares)					4,158,503
Repurchase of common stock					$ (71)	(226,256)			$ (226,327)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)					71,000				(71,000)
Stock based compensation					$ 183	616,496			$ 616,679
Stock based compensation (in shares)					183,390
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments							101,806		101,806
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock								(2,816,279)	(2,816,279)
Dividends paid on common shares								(11,601,133)	(11,601,133)
Net income for the period								17,008,456	17,008,456
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023				$ 1,996	$ 45,364	243,834,113	(459,684)	(7,893,673)	235,528,116
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023				1,995,879	45,364,429
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023				$ 1,928	$ 43,822	236,595,201	(376,078)	(7,222,078)	229,042,795
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023				1,927,603	43,822,050
Issuance of Preferred Stock, net of expenses	$ 68	$ 1,378,133	$ 1,378,201
Issuance of Preferred Stock, net of expenses (in shares)	68,276
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses					$ 1,542	5,639,808			5,641,350
Issuance of common shares, net of expenses (in shares)					1,542,379
Stock based compensation						220,971			220,971
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments							(83,606)		(83,606)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock								(966,754)	(966,754)
Dividends paid on common shares								(5,895,035)	(5,895,035)
Net income for the period								6,190,194	6,190,194
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023				$ 1,996	$ 45,364	$ 243,834,113	$ (459,684)	$ (7,893,673)	$ 235,528,116
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023				1,995,879	45,364,429

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income			$ 17,008,456	$ 14,632,682
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred financing costs and bond discount			1,832,236	1,664,822
Depreciation expense			169,368	66,533
Write-off of other assets - pre-offering costs	$ 477,047		477,047
Stock based compensation			616,679	357,321
Provision for credit losses	(131,382)		65,065	105,000
Impairment loss			612,500	685,500
(Gain) Loss on sale of real estate			71,988	(121,381)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities	239,989	$ 1,076,836	(360,610)	3,607,498
Gain on sale of investment securities				148,565
(Increase) decrease in:
Interest and fees receivable			(1,641,747)	(2,154,704)
Other assets - miscellaneous			(1,235,523)	(418,176)
Due from borrowers			(2,170,729)	(1,505,785)
Other assets - prepaid expenses			192,370	153,842
(Decrease) increase in:
Accrued Interest			54,660	431,110
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			41,423	53,818
Deferred revenue			598,627	(171,690)
Advances from borrowers			2,612,869	(5,129,286)
Total adjustments			1,936,223	(2,227,013)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES			18,944,679	12,405,669
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of investment securities			(21,064,492)	(39,715,900)
Proceeds from the sale of investment securities			9,060,095	62,160,599
Purchase of interests in investment partnerships, net			(9,120,284)	(16,487,103)
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned			148,842	1,571,467
Acquisitions of and improvements to real estate owned, net			(214,642)	(101,168)
Proceeds from sale (purchases) of property and equipment, net			518,740	(1,292,160)
Investment in rental real estate, net			(10,725,237)
Principal disbursements for mortgages receivable			(159,678,482)	(252,370,675)
Principal collections on mortgages receivable			123,495,534	95,173,969
Other assets - pre-offering costs				(166,360)
NET CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES			(67,579,926)	(151,227,331)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds from (repayment of) line of credit			47,752,011	(29,635,178)
Net proceeds from repurchase facility			5,396,247	24,012,957
Proceeds from mortgage			350,635
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities - principal payments on other notes			(6,014)	(20,161)
Dividends paid on common shares			(16,943,293)	(13,507,787)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock			(2,816,279)	(2,765,297)
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of expenses			15,331,931	36,654,419
Repurchase of common shares			(226,327)
Proceeds from issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, net of expenses			1,895,203
Gross proceeds from issuance of fixed rate notes				122,125,000
Financings costs incurred in connection with fixed rate notes				(4,516,931)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES			50,734,114	132,347,022
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS			2,098,867	(6,474,640)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF YEAR			23,713,097	41,938,897	$ 41,938,897
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD	$ 25,811,964	$ 35,464,257	25,811,964	35,464,257	$ 23,713,097
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION
Interest paid			$ 19,852,023	$ 13,012,805

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (unaudited)
Real estate acquired in connection with the foreclosure of certain mortgages, inclusive of interest and other fees receivable	$ 1,186,663	$ 1,091,348
Increase in mortgage receivable from sale of real estate owned	$ 2,487,568

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The Company

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

The Company

The Company

1.    The Company

Sachem Capital Corp. (the “Company”), a New York corporation, specializes in originating, underwriting, funding, servicing and managing a portfolio of first mortgage loans. The Company offers short term (i.e., one to three years), secured, non-bank loans (sometimes referred to as “hard money” loans) to real estate owners and investors to fund their acquisition, renovation, development, rehabilitation or improvement of properties located primarily in Connecticut, New York and Florida. The properties securing the Company’s loans are generally classified as residential or commercial real estate and, typically, are held for resale or investment. Each loan is secured by a first mortgage lien on real estate and may also be secured with additional collateral, such as other real estate owned by the borrower or its principals, a pledge of the ownership interests in the borrower by the principals thereof, and/or personal guarantees by the principals of the borrower. The Company does not lend to owner occupants. The Company’s primary underwriting criteria is a conservative loan to value ratio. In addition, the Company may participate in real estate loans made by third parties or invest in third parties that make real estate loans.

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Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

2.    Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results of operations for the three months and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be attained in the entire fiscal year, or for any subsequent period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on (a) various assumptions that are based on experience, (b) projections regarding future operations and (c) general financial market and local and general economic conditions. Actual amounts could materially differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all demand deposits, cashier’s checks, money market accounts and certificates of deposit with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at multiple financial institutions. The aggregate amounts held at each institution typically exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit. The Company does not believe that the risk is significant.

Investment Securities

The Company considers all highly liquid interest-earning investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The fair values of these investments approximate their carrying values. Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade-date basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date and interest is recognized on the accrual basis.

Debt investments are classified as available-for-sale and realized gains and losses are recorded using the specific identification method. Changes in fair value, excluding credit losses and impairments, are recorded in other comprehensive income. Fair value is calculated based on publicly available market information or other estimates determined by management. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, general market conditions, credit quality of debt instrument issuers, and the extent to which the fair value is less than cost. If qualitative factors indicate an available-for-sale debt

security may be credit impaired, the loss is measured as the excess of carrying value over the present value of expected cash flows, limited to the excess of carrying value over fair value. To determine credit losses, the Company may employ a systematic methodology that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence. In addition, the Company considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of, and business outlook for, the person or entity for which it is providing credit. If the Company has plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, then a decline in fair value below cost is recorded as an impairment charge in net income and a new cost basis in the investment is established. If there are adverse changes in the markets or industries in which the borrower operates, or there is a deterioration in the financial health, business outlook or other conditions of the person or entity to which it provided credit, the Company may incur future impairments.

Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured using the equity method or measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments (referred to as the measurement alternative). The Company performs a qualitative assessment on a periodic basis and recognizes an impairment if there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than carrying value. Changes in value are recorded in net income.

Current Expected Credit Losses Allowance

The Company adopted the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) standard effective January 1, 2023 in accordance with ASU No. 2016-13. The initial CECL allowance adjustment of $2,489,574 was recorded effective January 1, 2023 as a cumulative-effect of change in accounting principle through a direct charge to accumulated deficit on the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity. Subsequent changes to the CECL allowance will be recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses in accordance with the CECL standard on the Company’s loan portfolio, including unfunded construction commitments, on a collective basis by assets with similar risk characteristics. This methodology replaces the probable incurred loss impairment methodology. In addition, interest and fees receivable and amounts included in due from borrowers, other than reimbursements, which include origination, modification and other fees receivable are also analyzed for credit losses in accordance with the CECL standard, as they represent a financial asset that is subject to credit risk. As allowed under the CECL standard used by the Company, as a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date is compared to the net carrying amount of the loan when determining the allowance for credit losses for loans in pending/pre-foreclosure status, as defined. Fair value of collateral is reduced by estimated cost to sell if the collateral is expected to be sold. The amount of loans in pending/pre-foreclosure including unpaid interest and other charges as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was approximately $68.1 million and $24.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, none of those loans required an allowance for credit loss.

The CECL standard requires an entity to consider historical loss experience, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast of the economic environment. The Company utilizes a loss-rate method for estimating current expected credit losses. The loss rate method involves applying a loss rate to a pool of loans with similar risk characteristics to estimate the expected credit losses on that pool of loans. In determining the CECL allowance, the Company considers various factors including (1) historical loss experience in its portfolio, (2) loan specific losses for loans deemed collateral dependent based on excess amortized cost over the fair value of the underlying collateral, and (3) its current and future view of the macroeconomic environment. The Company utilizes a reasonable and supportable forecast period equal to the contractual term of the loan plus any applicable short-term extensions that are reasonably expected for construction loans.

Management estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for expected credit losses over the life of the loans based on evaluating historical credit loss experience and to make adjustments to historical loss information for differences in the specific risk characteristics in the current loan portfolio. The CECL allowance related to the principal outstanding is presented within “Mortgages receivable, net” and for unfunded commitments is within accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The CECL allowance related to the late payment fees are presented in “Interest and fees receivable” and “Due from borrowers” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for mortgages receivable was approximately $2.1 million compared to approximately $2.0 million at January 1, 2023, an increase of approximately $0.1 million.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for interest and fees receivable was approximately $23,400 compared to approximately $26,100 at January 1, 2023, a decrease of approximately $2,700.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for amounts due from borrowers was approximately $24,400 compared to approximately $19,900 at January 1, 2023, an increase of approximately $4,500.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for unfunded commitments was approximately $498,600 compared to approximately $522,000 at January 1, 2023, a decrease of approximately $23,400.

Fair Value Measurements

The framework for measuring fair value provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 are described as follows:

Level 1Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access.

Level 2Inputs to the valuation methodology include:

● quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

● quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

● inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

● inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation to other means.

If the asset or liability has a specified (i.e., contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Property and Equipment

Land and building acquired in December 2016 to serve as the Company’s office facilities is stated at cost. The building is being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. The Company relocated its entire operations to this property in March 2019. On August 14, 2023 this property was sold. The Company realized a loss of approximately $184,600 on the sale, which is included in (gain) loss on sale of real estate in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Land and building acquired in 2021 to serve as the Company’s new corporate headquarters is stated at cost. Renovation of the building was completed in the first quarter of 2023 and the Company relocated its operations to the new building in March 2023. The building is being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years. The new building was placed in service in March 2023 when the Company received the Certificate of Occupancy.

Investment in real estate

The Company allocates the purchase price of real estate to land and building (inclusive of site and tenant improvements) and, if determined to be material, intangibles, such as the value of above- and below-market leases and origination costs associated with the in-place leases.

The allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves subjectivity as the allocations are based on an analysis of the respective fair values. In determining the fair value of the real estate acquired, the Company utilized a third-party valuation which primarily utilizes cash flow projections that apply, among other things, estimated revenue and expense growth rates, discount rates and capitalization rates, as well as sales comparison approach, which utilizes comparable sales, listings and sales contracts. The Company assesses the fair value of the acquired leases based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property. The determined and allocated fair values to the real estate acquired will affect the amount of depreciation and amortization we record over the respective estimated useful lives or term of the lease.

2023 Acquisition

On June 23, 2023, the Company entered into a purchase and sale contract for $10,600,000 to acquire a commercial building in Westport, CT. The transaction was completed on August 31, 2023. In connection with this transaction, which was accounted for as an asset acquisition, the Company allocated the purchase price and acquisition-related costs to the tangible and intangible assets acquired based on fair value. In addition, the Company recorded a lease liability stemming from below-market rental rates. Total consideration, including capitalized acquisition-related costs, was $10,725,237.

The following table summarizes the allocation for the acquisition:

	Amount
Land	$	3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Below-market lease intangible		(664,737)
Lease in-place intangible (included in Other assets)		568,460
Deferred leasing costs (included in Other assets)		386,923
Total	$	10,725,237

Building and site improvements are being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years and 15 years, respectively. Tenant improvements are amortized over the life of the respective lease using the straight-line method.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, depreciation and amortization was nominal.

Lease in-place intangible assets, deferred leasing costs and acquired below market leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective life of the lease For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, amortization of each of the lease-in place intangible assets, deferred leasing costs and acquired below market leases was nominal.

The Company leases space to a tenant under a ten year operating lease. The lease provides for the payment of fixed base rent payable monthly in advance that ranges from approximately $834,000 in lease year one with escalations up to approximately $996,000 in lease year ten. Additionally, the lease allows the Company to pass through to tenants their share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses over a base year, as defined. The lease also provides for one year of rent concessions and a tenant improvement allowance funded by the Company. Commencement of the lease is anticipated in 2024 once tenant improvements are completed. The Company anticipates payments on the lease to begin in 2025 after the rent concession period has ended.

Estimated annual amortization of acquired in-place lease intangible is as follows:

2023 (3 months)	$	14,212
2024		56,846
2025		56,846
2026		56,846
2027		56,846
Thereafter		326,864
Total	$	568,460

Estimated annual amortization of acquired below-market leases is as follows:

2023 (3 months)	$	9,673
2024		38,692
2025		38,692
2026		38,692
2027		38,692
Thereafter		222,482
Total	$	386,923

Real Estate Owned

Real estate owned by the Company is stated at cost and is tested for impairment quarterly.

Consolidations

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all subsidiaries in which the Company has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company monitors events or changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair market value of the assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized, but rather tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment. Goodwill at September 30, 2023 represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired from Urbane New Haven, LLC in October 2022.

In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company follows FASB ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”, which permits a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, then no impairment is determined to exist for the reporting unit. However, if the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, or the Company chooses not to perform the qualitative assessment, then the Company compares the fair value of that reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill.

Deferred Financing Costs

Costs incurred in connection with the Company’s revolving credit facilities, described in Note 8 – Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility, are amortized over the term of the applicable facility using the straight-line method.

Costs incurred by the Company in connection with the public offering of its unsecured, unsubordinated notes, described in Note 9 – Unsecured Notes Payable, are being amortized over the term of the respective Notes.

Revenue Recognition

Interest income from the Company’s loan portfolio is earned over the loan period and is calculated using the simple interest method on principal amounts outstanding. Generally, the Company’s loans provide for interest to be paid monthly in arrears. The Company, generally, does not accrue interest income on mortgages receivable that are more than ninety (90) days past due or interest charged at default rates. However, interest income not accrued at September 30, 2023 but collected prior to the issuance of this report is included in income for the period ended September 30, 2023.

Origination and modification fee revenue, generally 1% – 3% of either the original loan principal or the modified loan balance, is collected at loan funding and is recognized ratably over the contractual life of the loan in accordance with ASC 310.

Income Taxes

The Company believes it qualifies as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes and operates accordingly. It made the election to be taxed as a REIT on its 2017 Federal income tax return. The Company’s qualification as a REIT depends on its ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), relating to, among other things, the sources of its income, the composition and values of its assets, its compliance with the distribution requirements applicable to REITs and the diversity of ownership of its outstanding capital stock. So long as it qualifies as a REIT, the Company, generally, will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income distributed to its shareholders. However, if it fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and may also be subject to various penalties and may be precluded from re-electing REIT status for the four taxable years following the year during in which it lost its REIT qualification.

The Company has elected, and may elect in the future, to treat certain of its existing or newly created corporate subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In general, a TRS may hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. The TRSs generate income, resulting in federal and state income tax liability for these entities. The Company does not expect to incur any corporate federal income tax liability outside of the TRSs, as it believes it has maintained its qualification as a REIT. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, neither the Company nor any of its TRSs, recognized any provisions for federal income tax or state, local and franchise taxes on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The income tax provision for the Company differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes due to non-taxable REIT income and other permanent differences including the non-deductibility of acquisition costs of business combinations for federal income tax reporting.

FASB ASC Topic 740-10 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and disclosure required. Under this standard, an entity may only recognize or continue to recognize tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense. The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions requiring accrual or disclosure in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated in accordance with ASC 260 — “Earnings Per Share.” Under ASC 260, basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is identical to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the potential dilution from the exercise of stock options and warrants for common shares using the treasury stock method. The numerator in calculating both basic and diluted earnings per common share for each period is the reported net income.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, (ASU 2016-13), which changes accounting requirements for the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses from an incurred or probable methodology to a current expected credit loss methodology. Mortgages receivable, unfunded loan commitments, interest and fees receivable and amounts included in due from borrowers, other than reimbursements, which include origination, modification and other fees receivable are the only items currently held by the Company that are within the scope of ASU 2016-13. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2023 and applied a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. At transition on January 1, 2023, the cumulative effect of adopting this ASU resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of $2,489,574 and an increase in the allowance for credit losses. The increase in the allowance is driven by the fact that the allowance under CECL covers expected credit losses over the full expected life of the loan portfolios and takes into account forecasts of expected future economic conditions.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses” (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) for creditors that have adopted the CECL standard and requires enhanced disclosures for loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, other-than-insignificant payment delays, or term extensions. In addition, the new guidance requires presentation in the vintage disclosures of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The amendments in this update became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. This update did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements, except for requiring additional disclosure relating to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.” ASU 2022-03 was issued to (1) to clarify the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not anticipate that this update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts included in the September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the September 30, 2023 presentation.

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Fair Value Measurement

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurement

3.    Fair Value Measurement

The fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy of an asset or liability is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair market value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The following table sets forth by Level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value as of September 30, 2023:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Stocks and ETFs	$	—	$	1,932,270	$	—	$	1,932,270
Mutual funds		15,599,486		—		—		15,599,486
Debt securities		18,699,251		813,650		—		19,512,901
Total liquid investments	$	34,298,737	$	2,745,920	$	—	$	37,044,657
Real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	3,481,177	$	3,481,177

The following table sets forth by Level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2022:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Stocks and ETF’s	$	3,282,659	$	1,446,065	$	—	$	4,728,724
Mutual funds		14,850,839		—		—		14,850,839
Debt securities		3,880,045		1,116,854		—		4,996,899
Total liquid investments	$	22,013,543	$	2,562,919	$	—	$	24,576,462
Real estate owned		—		—	$	5,216,149	$	5,216,149

Following is a description of the methodologies used for assets measured at fair value:

Stocks and ETFs (level 1 and 2): Valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded.

Mutual funds (level 1 and 2): Valued at the daily closing price reported by the fund. Mutual funds held by the Company are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These funds are required to publish their daily net asset values and to transact at that price. The mutual funds held by the Company are deemed to be actively traded.

Debt securities (level 2): Valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded.

Real estate owned (level 3): The Company estimates fair values of real estate owned using market information such as recent sales contracts, appraisals, recent sales, assessed values or discounted cash value models.
​

See Note 6 for the roll forward of real estate owned – Level 3 assets.

Impact of Fair Value of AFS Securities on OCI

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments approximates fair value generally due to the relative short-term nature of such instruments. Other financial assets and financial liabilities have fair value that approximate their carrying value.

Pursuant to ASC 326-30-50-4 and 50-5, the Company is required to disclose investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more as of the balance sheet date. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had a continuous unrealized losses over 12 months in Available-For-Sale debt securities (AFS’s) of approximately $834,000 and approximately $531,000, respectively. The Company reviewed several factors to assess the credit quality of the debt instruments including, but not limited to, current cash position, operating cash flow, and corporate earnings as of the most recently filed financial statements. As such, as of September 30, 2023, the Company has concluded no such allowance for credit losses regarding AFS’s debt securities was deemed necessary.

The following table presents the impact of the Company’s AFS’s - debt securities included in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Three Months Ended				Nine months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
OCI from AFS securities:
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities at beginning of period	$	(376,078)	$	(425,972)	$	(561,490)	$	(476,016)
Unrealized gain (losses) on securities available-for-sale – debt securities		(83,606)		(131,569)		101,806		(81,525)
Change in OCI from AFS securities		(83,606)		(131,569)		101,806		(81,525)
Balance at end of period	$	(459,684)	$	(557,541)	$	(459,684)	$	(557,541)

The following table presents the Company’s Level 3 Investments of Real Estate Owned as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	Nine Months Ended		Twelve Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		December, 31, 2022
Real Estate Owned at the beginning of period	$	5,216,149	$	6,559,010
Principal basis transferred to Real Estate Owned		1,186,663		1,376,733
Charges and/or improvements		214,642		126,443
Proceeds from sale of Real Estate Owned		(2,636,410)		(2,090,880)
Impairment		(612,500)		(799,909)
Gain on sale of Real Estate Owned		112,633		44,752
Balance at end of period	$	3,481,177	$	5,216,149

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Mortgages Receivable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Mortgages Receivable

Mortgages Receivable

4.    Mortgages Receivable

The Company offers secured, non-bank loans to real estate owners and investors (also known as “hard money” loans) to fund their acquisition, renovation, development, rehabilitation or improvement of properties located primarily in Connecticut, New York and Florida. The Company’s lending standards typically require that the original principal amount of all mortgage receivable notes be secured by first mortgage liens on one or more properties owned by the borrower or related parties and that the maximum LTV be no greater than 70% of the appraised value of the underlying collateral, as determined by an independent appraiser at the time of the loan origination. The Company considers the maximum LTV as an indicator for the credit quality of a mortgage note receivable. In the case of properties undergoing renovation, the loan-to-value ratio is calculated based on the estimated fair market value of the property after the renovations have been completed. However, the Company makes exceptions to this guideline if the facts and circumstances support the incremental risk. These factors include the additional collateral provided by the borrower, the credit profile of the borrower, the Company’s previous relationship, if any, with the borrower, the nature of the property, the geographic market in which the property is located and any other information the Company deems appropriate.

The loans are generally for a term of one to three years. The loans are initially recorded and carried thereafter, in the financial statements, at cost. Most of the loans provide for monthly payments of interest only (in arrears) during the term of the loan and a “balloon” payment of the principal on the maturity date.

Allowance for credit losses is charged to income in amounts sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses inherent in the loans that are established systematically by management as of the reporting date. Management’s estimate of expected credit losses is based on an evaluation of relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the future collectability of the reported amounts. The Company uses static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the loans, which is supplemented by management’s judgment. Expected losses are estimated for groups of accounts aggregated by geographical location.

The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses includes a reasonable and supportable forecast period equal to the contractual term of the loan plus any applicable short-term extensions that are reasonably expected for construction loans. The Company reviews charge-off experience factors, contractual delinquency, historical collection rates, the value of underlying collateral

and other information to make the necessary judgments as to credit losses expected in the portfolio as of the reporting date. While management utilizes the best information available to make its evaluations, changes in macroeconomic conditions, interest rate environments, or both, may significantly impact the assumptions and inputs used in determining the allowance for credit losses. The Company’s charge-off policy is determined by a review of each delinquent loans. The Company has an accounting policy to not place loans on nonaccrual status unless they are more than 90 days delinquent. Accrual of interest income is generally resumed when the delinquent contractual principal and interest is paid in full or when a portion of the delinquent contractually payments are made and the ongoing required contractual payments have been made for an appropriate period.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans on nonaccrual status had an outstanding principal balance of $82,913,227 and $55,691,857, respectively. The nonaccrual loans are inclusive of loans pending foreclosure. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $61,718 and $394,909 of interest income, respectively, was recorded on nonaccrual loans due to payments received.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate amounts of loans funded by the Company were $159,678,482 and $252,370,675, respectively, offset by principal repayments of $123,495,534 and $95,173,969, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio includes loans ranging in size up to approximately $36.1 million with stated interest rates ranging from 5.0% to 15.0%. The default interest rate is generally 18% but could be more or less depending on state usury laws and other considerations deemed relevant by the Company.

At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, no single borrower or group of related borrowers had loans outstanding representing more than 10% of the total balance of the loans outstanding.

The Company may agree to extend the term of a loan if, at the time of the extension, the loan and the borrower meet all the Company’s then underwriting requirements. The Company treats a loan extension as a new loan. If an interest reserve is established at the time a loan is funded, accrued interest is paid out of the interest reserve and recognized as interest income at the end of each month. If no reserve is established, the borrower is required to pay the interest monthly from its own funds. The deferred origination, loan servicing and amendment fee income represents amounts that will be recognized over the contractual life of the underlying mortgage notes receivable.

Allowance for Credit Loss

In assessing the Allowance for Credit Losses (“CECL Allowance”), the Company considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast of the macroeconomic environment. The Company derived an annual historical loss rate based on its historical loss experience in its portfolio, adjusted to incorporate the risks of construction lending and to reflect the Company’s expectations of the macroeconomic environment.

The following table summarizes the activity in the CECL Allowance from adoption on January 1, 2023:

	CECL Allowance						Provision for		CECL
	as of December		Adoption of ASU				CECL		Allowance as of
(dollars in thousands)	31, 2022(1)		2016-13(2)		Charge-offs		Allowance		September 30, 2023
Geographical Location
New England	$	105	$	1,302	$	—	$	153	$	1,560
West		—		7		—		(7)		—
South		—		402		—		(64)		338
Mid-Atlantic		—		210		—		5		215
Total	$	105	$	1,921	$	—	$	87	$	2,113

(1) As of December 31, 2022, amounts represent probable loan loss provisions recorded before the adoption of the ASU 2016-13.

(2) As a component of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, $498,600 of the CECL allowance is excluded from this table because it relates to unfunded commitments and has been recorded as a liability under accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Presented below is the Company’s loan portfolio by geographical location:

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		% of Portfolio		Carrying Value		% of Portfolio
Geographical Location
New England	$	253,947	51.0	%	$	225,603	49.0	%
West		3,150	0.6	%		3,150	0.7	%
South		146,286	29.4	%		135,857	29.5	%
Mid-Atlantic		94,648	19.0	%		96,128	20.8	%
Total		498,031	100.0	%		460,738	100.0	%
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113				105
Carrying value, net	$	495,918			$	460,633

Presented below are the carrying values by Property Type:

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Outstanding				Outstanding
(dollars in thousands)	Principal		% of Portfolio		Principal		% of Portfolio
Property Type
Residential	$	219,120	44.0	%	$	229,944	49.9	%
Commercial		164,200	33.0	%		154,929	33.6	%
Land		85,690	17.2	%		46,499	10.1	%
Mixed use		29,021	5.8	%		29,366	6.4	%
Total		498,031	100.0	%		460,738	100.0	%
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113				105
Carrying value, net	$	495,918			$	460,633

The following tables allocate the carrying value of the Company’s loan portfolio based on internal credit quality indicators in assessing estimated credit losses and vintage of origination at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023				Year Originated(1)
	Carrying		% of
FICO Score (2) (dollars in thousands)	Value		Portfolio		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Under 500	$	400	0.1	%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	400
501-550		4,041	0.8	%		—		—		1,590		—		2,451
551-600		9,132	1.8	%		290		2,880		4,181		597		1,184
601-650		43,135	8.7	%		4,189		19,528		9,164		5,917		4,337
651-700		85,402	17.1	%		6,718		24,569		39,273		6,682		8,160
701-750		194,137	39.0	%		25,821		58,021		98,455		6,351		5,489
751-800		143,421	28.8	%		24,629		51,993		54,813		10,223		1,763
801-850		18,363	3.7	%		77		17,723		—		279		284
Total		498,031	100.0	%	$	61,724	$	174,714	$	207,476	$	30,049	$	24,068
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113
Carrying value, net	$	495,918

(1) Represents the year of origination or amendment where the loan was subject to a full re-underwriting.

(2) The FICO Scores are calculated at the inception of the loan and are updated if the loan is modified or on an as needed basis.

	December 31, 2022				Year Originated(1)
	Carrying		% of
FICO Score (2) (dollars in thousands)	Value		Portfolio		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Under 500	$	629	0.1	%	$	—	$	—	$	185	$	235	$	209
501-550		4,786	1.0	%		—		1,779		87		803		2,117
551-600		15,977	3.5	%		3,061		8,256		1,836		1,357		1,467
601-650		40,349	8.8	%		21,382		7,474		6,273		1,547		3,673
651-700		84,085	18.3	%		33,832		31,342		7,398		5,269		6,244
701-750		174,347	37.8	%		65,190		90,524		11,892		5,527		1,214
751-800		125,347	27.2	%		68,826		45,038		9,470		1,640		373
801-850		15,218	3.3	%		14,554		—		399		—		265
Total		460,738	100.0	%	$	206,845	$	184,413	$	37,540	$	16,378	$	16,562
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		105
Carrying value, net	$	460,633

(1) Represents the year of origination or amendment where the loan was subject to a full re-underwriting.

(2) The FICO Scores are calculated at the inception of a loan and are updated if the loan is modified or on an as needed basis.

The following table sets forth the maturities of mortgages receivable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
2023 and prior	$	168,774,227	$	372,964,665
2024		279,909,034		85,968,294
2025		49,249,401		1,699,500
2026		—		—
2027		—		—
Thereafter		98,356		105,809
Total		498,031,018		460,738,268
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113,178		105,000
Total	$	495,917,840	$	460,633,268

At September 30, 2023, of the 327 mortgage loans included in the Company’s loan portfolio, 95, having an aggregate outstanding principal balance of approximately $84.8 million, or approximately 17.0%, of mortgage receivables, have matured but have not been repaid in full or extended. Of these 95 loans, 64 are in foreclosure status, which have an aggregate principal balance of approximately $63.5 million.

At December 31, 2022, of the 444 mortgage loans included in the Company’s loan portfolio, 105 loans having an aggregate outstanding principal balance of approximately $61.6 million, or approximately 13.4%, of mortgage receivables, had matured but have not been repaid in full or extended. Of these 105 loans, 40 were in foreclosure status, which had an aggregate principal balance of approximately $22.6 million.

All loans in maturity default and not in foreclosure are subject to modification and will be extended if the borrower can satisfy the Company’s underwriting criteria, including the proper loan-to-value ratio, at the time of renewal. In the case of each of the loans in foreclosure, the Company believed the value of the collateral exceeded the outstanding balance on the loan.

Loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty

In certain situations, the Company may provide loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include term extensions, and adding unpaid interest, charges and taxes to the principal balance intended to minimize the Company’s economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. The Company generally receives additional collateral as part of extending the terms of the loan.

The table below presents loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
			% of Total Carrying Value of
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Loans, net		Financial Effect
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	32,791	6.6	%	A weighted average of 19.7 months were added to the life of the loans

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
			% of Total Carrying Value of
	Carrying Value		Loans, net		Financial Effect
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	62,977	12.7	%	A weighted average of 17.3 months were added to the life of the loans
Other		16,064	3.2	%	Unpaid interest/taxes/charges added to principal balance

The Company monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The table below presents the performance of loans that have been modified in the last 12 months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company considers loans that are 90 days past due to be in payment default.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Current		90-119 days past due		120+ days past due		Total
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	32,791	$	—	$	—	$	32,791

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Current		90-119 days past due		120+ days past due		Total
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	62,977	$	—	$	—	$	62,977
Other		16,064		—		—		16,064

The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $23.2 million to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

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Investment in Real Estate

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investment in Real Estate

Investment in Real Estate

5. Investment in Real Estate

At September 30, 2023, investment in real estate consisted of the following:

	Amount
Land	$	3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Total	$	10,434,591

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Real Estate Owned

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Real Estate Owned

Real Estate Owned

6.    Real Estate Owned

Property acquired through foreclosure are included on the balance sheet as real estate owned and further categorized as held for sale or held for rental, described in detail below.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of real estate owned totaled $3,481,177 and $5,216,149, respectively, with no valuation allowance. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $400,000 and $195,000, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $612,500 and $685,500, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, real estate owned included $825,963 of real estate held for rental and $2,655,214 of real estate held for sale. As of September 30, 2022, real estate owned included $800,053 of real estate held for rental and $4,815,887 of real estate held for sale.

Properties Held for Sale

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold one (1) property held for sale and recognized a loss of $14,229. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold six (6) properties held for sale and recognized an aggregate net gain of $112,633. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold two (2) properties held for sale and recognized an aggregate net loss of $962. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold five (5) properties held for sale and recognized an aggregate net gain of $121,381.

Properties Held for Rental

As of September 30, 2023, one property, a commercial building, was held for rental. The tenant signed a five-year lease that commenced on August 1, 2021.

Rental payments due from real estate held for rental are as follows:

Year ending December 31, 2023	$	13,300
Year ending December 31, 2024		53,200
Year ending December 31, 2025		53,200
Year ending December 31, 2026		31,033
Total	$	150,733

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Other Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Other Assets

Other Assets

7.   Other Assets

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other assets consists of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Prepaid expenses	$	218,004	$	410,373
Other receivables		4,385,986		3,519,804
Other assets		4,724		477,048
Goodwill		391,000		391,000
Intangible asset – trade name		130,400		130,400
Intangible asset – lease		568,460		—
Deferred financing costs, net		341,662		54,548
Deferred leasing cost		386,923		—
Total	$	6,427,159	$	4,983,173

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Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility

Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility

8.    Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility

Line of Credit – Wells Fargo

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company established a margin loan account at Wells Fargo Advisors that is secured by the Company’s portfolio of short-term securities. The credit line bears interest at a rate equal to 1.75% below the prime rate (6.75% at September 30, 2023, 6.75% as of November 10, 2023). As of September 30, 2023 the total outstanding balance on the Wells Fargo credit line was $26.3 million.

Mortgage Payable

In 2021, the Company obtained a $1.4 million adjustable-rate mortgage loan from New Haven Bank (the “NHB Mortgage”) of which $750,000 was funded at closing and remained outstanding as of December 31, 2022. The NHB Mortgage accrued interest at an initial rate of 3.75% per annum for the first 72 months and was due and payable in full on December 1, 2037. During the first 12 months, from December 1, 2021 to November 30, 2022, only interest was due and payable. Beginning on December 1, 2022 principal and interest on the NHB Mortgage were to be due and payable on a monthly basis. All payments under the NHB Mortgage was to be amortized based on a 20-year amortization schedule. The interest rate was to be adjusted on each of December 1, 2027 and 2032 to the then published 5-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate, plus 2.60%. The NHB Mortgage was a non-recourse loan, secured by a first mortgage lien on each of the properties, located at 698 Main Street, Branford, Connecticut, and 568 East Main Street, Branford, Connecticut. The $750,000 of proceeds funded at closing were used to reimburse the Company for out-of-pocket costs relating to the acquisition of the East Main Street property.

On February 28, 2023, the Company refinanced the NHB Mortgage with a new $1.66 million adjustable-rate mortgage loan from New Haven Bank (the “New NHB Mortgage”). The new loan accrues interest at an initial rate of 5.75% per annum for the first 60 months. The interest rate will be adjusted on each of March 1, 2028 and March 1, 2033 to the then published 5-year Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate, plus 1.75%. Beginning on April 1, 2023 and through March 1, 2038, principal and interest will be due and payable on a monthly basis. All payments under the new loan are amortized based on a 20-year amortization schedule. The unpaid principal amount of the loan and all accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable in full on March 1, 2038. The new loan is a non-recourse obligation, secured by a first mortgage lien on the property located at 568 East Main Street, Branford, Connecticut.

Churchill MRA Funding I LLC Repurchase Financing Facility

On July 21, 2021, the Company consummated a $200 million master repurchase financing facility (“Facility”) with Churchill MRA Funding I LLC (“Churchill”), a subsidiary of Churchill Real Estate, a vertically integrated real estate finance company based in New York, New York. Under the terms of the Facility, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell mortgage loans to Churchill, and Churchill has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase those loans. In addition, the Company has the right and, in some instances the obligation, to repurchase those loans from Churchill. The amount that Churchill will pay for each mortgage loan it purchases will vary based on the attributes of the loan and various other factors. The repurchase price is calculated by applying an interest factor, as defined, to the purchase price of the mortgage loan. The Company has also pledged the mortgage loans sold to Churchill to secure its repurchase obligation. The cost of capital under the Facility is equal to the sum of (a) the greater of (i) 0.25% and (ii) the 90-day SOFR (which replaced the 90-day LIBOR) plus (b) 3%-4%, depending on the aggregate principal amount of the mortgage loans held by Churchill at that time.

The Facility is subject to other terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and agreements typically found in these types of financing arrangements. Under one such covenant, the Company (A) is prohibited from (i) paying any dividends or making distributions in excess of 90% of its taxable income, (ii) incurring any indebtedness or (iii) purchasing any of its capital stock, unless, it has an asset coverage ratio of at least 150%; and (B) must maintain unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to or greater than 2.50% of the amount of its repurchase obligations. Churchill has the right to terminate the Facility at any time upon 180 days prior notice to the Company. The Company then has an additional 180 days after termination to repurchase all the mortgage loans held by Churchill.

The Company uses the proceeds from the Facility to finance the continued expansion of its lending business and for general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2023, the total amount outstanding under the Facility was $47.9 million. The collateral pledged to Churchill at September 30, 2023 was 22 mortgage loans that in the aggregate had unpaid principal balance of approximately $79.9 million. As of September 30, 2023 the effective rate charged under the Facility was 9.47%.

Each of the New NHB Mortgage and the Churchill Facility contain cross-default provisions.

Line of Credit – Needham Bank

On March 2, 2023, the Company entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), with Needham Bank, a Massachusetts co-operative bank, as the administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”) for the lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”) with respect to a $45 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). Under the Credit Agreement, the Company also has the right to request an increase in the size of the Credit Facility up to $75 million, subject to certain conditions, including the approval of the Lenders. Loans under the Credit Facility accrue interest at the greater of (i) the annual rate of interest equal to the “prime rate,” as published in the “Money Rates” column of The Wall Street Journal minus one-quarter of one percent (0.25%), and (ii) four and one-half percent (4.50%). All amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by a first priority lien on virtually all Company’s assets. Assets excluded from the lien include real estate owned by the Company (other than real estate acquired pursuant to foreclosure) and mortgages sold to Churchill under the Facility. The Credit Facility expires March 2, 2026 but the Company has a right to extend the term for one year upon the consent of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, which consent cannot be unreasonably withheld, and so long as it is not in default and satisfies certain other conditions. All outstanding revolving loans and accrued but unpaid interest are due and payable on the expiration date. The Company may terminate the Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty by delivering written notice to the Administrative Agent at least ten (10) days prior to the proposed date of termination. The Credit Facility is subject to other terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and agreements typically found in these types of financing arrangements, including a covenant that requires the Company to maintain: (A) a ratio of Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to Debt Service (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of less than 1.40 to 1.0, tested on a trailing-twelve-month basis at the end of each fiscal quarter; (B) a sum of cash, cash equivalents and availability under the facility equal to or greater than $10 million; and (C) an asset coverage ratio of at least 150%.

Effective as of September 8, 2023, in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Credit Agreement was amended to increase the Maximum Revolving Loan Commitment (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to $65 million.

The Company uses the proceeds from the Credit Facility to finance the continued expansion of its lending business and for general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2023, the total amount outstanding under the Credit Facility was $25.0 million, and the interest rate was 8.25%.

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Unsecured Notes Payable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Unsecured Notes Payable

Unsecured Notes Payable

9.    Unsecured Notes Payable

At September 30, 2023, the Company had an aggregate of $281,759,933 of unsecured, unsubordinated notes payable outstanding, net of $6,641,817 of deferred financing costs (collectively, the “Notes”). Currently, the Company has seven series of Notes outstanding:

(i) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $23,663,000 bearing interest at 7.125% per annum and maturing June 30, 2024 (“the June 2024 Notes”);

(ii) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $34,500,000 bearing interest at 6.875% per annum and maturing December 30, 2024 (the “December 2024 Notes”);

(iii) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $56,363,750 bearing interest at 7.75% per annum and maturing September 30, 2025 (the “September 2025 Notes”);

(iv) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $51,750,000 bearing interest at 6.0% per annum and maturing December 30, 2026 (the “December 2026 Notes”);

(v) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $51,875,000 bearing interest at 6.0% per annum and maturing March 30, 2027 (the “March 2027 Notes”);

(vi) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $30,000,000 bearing interest at 7.125% per annum and maturing June 30, 2027 (the “June 2027 Notes”); and

(vii) Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $40,250,000 bearing interest at 8.00% per annum and maturing September 30, 2027 (the “September 2027 Notes”).

The Notes were sold in underwritten public offerings, were issued in denomination of $25.00 each and are listed on the NYSE American and trade under the symbols “SCCB,” “SACC,” “SCCC,” “SCCD,” “SCCE,” “SCCF” and “SCCG,” respectively. All the Notes were issued at par except for the last tranche of the September 2025 notes, in the original principal amount of $28 million, which were issued at $24.75 each. Interest on the Notes is payable quarterly on each March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30 that they are outstanding. So long as the Notes are outstanding, the Company is prohibited from making distributions in excess of 90% of its taxable income, incurring any additional indebtedness or purchasing any shares of its capital stock unless it has an “Asset Coverage Ratio” of at least 150% after giving effect to the payment of such dividend, the incurrence of such indebtedness or the application of the net proceeds, as the case may be. The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time after their second anniversary of issuance upon at least 30 days prior written notice to the holders of the Notes. The redemption price will be equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes redeemed plus the accrued but unpaid interest thereon up to, but not including the date of redemption. Currently, the June 2024 Notes, December 2024 Notes and the September 2025 Notes are callable at any time. The December 2026 Notes will be callable at any time after December 30, 2023, the March 2027 Notes will be callable at any time after March 9, 2024, the June 2027 Notes will be callable at any time after May 11, 2024, and the September 2027 Notes will be callable at any time after August 23, 2024. As of the date of this report, the Company is actively pursuing strategies to address the 2024 maturities including, but not limited to, refinancing, extending, or paying off in full.

The following are the future principal payments on the notes payable as of September 30, 2023:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of 2023	$	—
2024		58,163,000
2025		56,363,750
2026		51,750,000
2027		122,125,000
Total principal payments		288,401,750
Deferred financing costs		(6,641,817)
Total notes payable, net of deferred financing costs	$	281,759,933

The estimated amortization of the deferred financing costs as of September 30, 2023 is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of 2023	$	593,327
2024		2,336,228
2025		1,807,606
2026		1,410,319
2027		494,337
Total deferred costs	$	6,641,817

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Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

10.   Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accounts payable and accrued liabilities include the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,184,112	$	1,109,789
CECL - allowance for unfunded contractual obligation credit losses		498,600		—
Other notes		—		6,014
Accrued interest		378,076		323,416
Total	$	2,060,788	$	1,439,219

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Fee and Other Income

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fee and Other Income

Fee and Other Income

11.   Fee and Other Income

For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, fee and other income consists of the following:

	Three Months				Nine Months
	ended September 30,				ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Late and other fees	$	367,281	$	92,098	$	517,599	$	338,638
Processing fees		28,785		37,480		90,485		165,950
Rental income, net		13,300		8,867		39,900		37,067
Extension fees		435,457		212,608		849,002		415,128
Construction management fee		46,243		86,881		714,051		135,690
Other fees		35,328		37,410		108,505		123,850
Legal fees		102,945		91,115		318,945		253,055
Other income		210,213		75,290		879,645		579,541
Total	$	1,239,552	$	641,749	$	3,518,132	$	2,048,921

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

12.   Commitments and Contingencies

Origination, Modification, and Construction Servicing Fees

Loan origination, modification, and construction servicing fees generally range from 1% - 3% each of the original loan principal or the modified loan balance and, generally, are payable at the time the loan is funded or modified. The unamortized portion is recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2023, deferred revenue was approximately $5.0 million, which will be recorded as income as follows:

Year ending December 31, 2023	$	1,809,598
Year ending December 31, 2024		2,950,866
Year ending December 31, 2025		198,615
Total	$	4,959,079

In instances in which mortgages are repaid before their maturity date, the balance of any unamortized deferred revenue is recognized in full at the time of repayment.

Employment Agreements

In February 2017, the Company entered into an employment agreement with John Villano, the material terms of which are as follows: (i) the employment term is five years with extensions for successive one-year periods unless either party provides written notice at least 180 days prior to the next anniversary date of its intention to not renew the agreement; (ii) a base salary of $260,000, which was increased in April 2018, April 2021 and April 2022 to $360,000, $500,000 and $750,000, respectively; (iii) incentive compensation in such amount as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors; (iv) participation

in the Company’s employee benefit plans; (v) full indemnification to the extent permitted by law; (vi) a two-year non-competition period following the termination of employment without cause; and (vii) payments upon termination of employment or a change in control. In April 2021, the Company granted 89,928 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $500,000) to Mr. Villano. One-third of such shares vested on each of January 1, 2022 and 2023, and the remaining one-third will vest on January 1, 2024. In April 2022, the Company granted 98,425 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $500,000) to Mr. Villano. One-third of such shares vested on January 1, 2023, and an additional one-third will vest on each of January 1, 2024 and 2025. In February 2023, the Company granted 130,890 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $500,000) to Mr. Villano. One-third of such shares will vest on each of January 1, 2024, 2025 and 2026. As of September 30, 2023, 226,483 restricted common shares remain unvested.

In July 2022, the Company entered into an employment agreement with John E. Warch, the Company’s former chief financial officer, the material terms of which were as follows: (i) the employment term commenced on August 1, 2022 and continued until terminated by either party; (ii) a base salary of $325,000; (iii) incentive compensation in such amount as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors; (iv) participation in the Company’s employee benefit plans; (v) full indemnification to the extent permitted by law; and (vi) payments upon termination of employment or a change in control. In February 2023, the Company granted 8,000 restricted common shares (having a market value of approximately $30,000) to Mr. Warch. One-third of such shares vested on February 9, 2023, and an additional one-third were to vest on each of February 9, 2024 and 2025. In connection with the termination of Mr. Warch’s employment effective May 4, 2023, the 5,333 unvested restricted common shares were forfeited to the Company.

Unfunded Commitments

At September 30, 2023, the Company had future funding obligations totaling approximately $107.7 million, which can be drawn by the borrowers when the conditions relating thereto have been satisfied. The unfunded commitments will be funded from loan payoffs and additional drawdowns under existing and future credit facilities and proceeds from sale of debt and equity securities.

Other

In the normal course of its business, the Company is named as a party-defendant in connection with tax foreclosure proceedings against properties on which it holds a first mortgage lien. The Company actively monitors these actions and, in all cases, believes there remains sufficient value in the subject property to assure that no loan impairment exists. At September 30, 2023, there was one such proceeding pending. The unpaid principal balances on the properties that are the subject of these proceedings was approximately $0.1 million.

In accordance with the asset purchase agreement with Urbane New Haven, LLC (“Urbane”) in October 2022, under certain circumstances the Company will be required to pay Urbane 20% of the net proceeds, as defined, of certain real estate development projects completed by the Company until such time that the former principal owner of Urbane, who is currently employed by the Company, is no longer employed by the Company. Any future payments will be expensed.

On September 11, 2023, the Company entered into a contract to acquire a residential property in Miami, FL. The purchase price for the property is $2,300,000. The Company paid $230,000 upon the execution and delivery of the contract, which amount is refundable if the seller fails to satisfy certain closing conditions or fails to transfer ownership of the property. The balance of the purchase price is due at closing.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

13.   Related Party Transactions

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may originate, fund, manage and service loans to shareholders. The underwriting process on these loans adheres to prevailing Company policy. The terms of such loans, including the interest rate, income, origination fees and other closing costs are the same as those applicable to loans made to unrelated third parties in the portfolio. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans to known shareholders totaled approximately $28.9 million and approximately $23.5 million, respectively. Interest income earned on these loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $541,177 and $416,275, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $1,623,530 and $1,248,826, respectively.

The wife of the Company’s chief executive officer was employed by the Company as its director of finance until her retirement from the Company on September 30, 2022. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, she was paid $2,115 and $62,865, respectively, as compensation from the Company. In December 2021, the Company hired the daughter of the Company’s chief executive officer to perform certain internal audit and compliance services. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, she received compensation of $38,754 and $35,727, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, she received compensation of $114,754 and $106,327, respectively.

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Concentration of Credit Risk

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

14.   Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, investments in securities, investments in partnerships, and mortgage loans.

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions. Accounts at the financial institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000.

The Company is potentially subject to concentration of credit risk in its investment securities. Currently, all its investment securities, which include common shares, Series A Preferred Stock, corporate bonds and mutual funds, are held at Wells Fargo Advisors. Wells Fargo Advisors is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). SIPC protects clients against the custodial risk of a member investment firm becoming insolvent by replacing missing securities and cash up to $500,000, including up to $250,000 in cash, per client in accordance with SIPC rules.

The Company makes loans that are secured by first mortgage liens on real property located primarily in Connecticut (44.9%), Florida (23.7%) and New York (12.9%). This concentration of credit risk may be affected by changes in economic or other conditions of the particular geographic area.

Credit risks associated with the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio and related interest receivable are described in Note 4 - Mortgages Receivable.

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Outstanding Warrants

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Outstanding Warrants

Outstanding Warrants

15.   Outstanding Warrants

In connection with a public offering that was consummated in October 2017, the Company issued to the underwriters warrants to purchase an aggregate of 187,500 common shares at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. In January 2022, warrants to purchase 93,750 of the Company’s common shares were exercised. The holders of those warrants elected to use the cashless exercise option available to them under the terms of the warrants. As such, they received 19,658 common shares. All the remaining unexercised warrants expired on October 24, 2022.

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Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits

Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits

16.   Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits

Stock-Based Compensation

On October 27, 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), the purpose of which is to align the interests of the Company’s officers, other employees, advisors and consultants or any subsidiary, if any, with those of the Company’s shareholders and to afford an incentive to such officers, employees, consultants and advisors to continue as such, to increase their efforts on the Company’s behalf and to promote the success of the Company’s business. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The maximum number of common shares reserved for the grant of awards under the Plan is 1,500,000, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 5 of the Plan. The number of securities remaining available for future issuance under the Plan as of September 30, 2023 was 988,785.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 201,390 and 153,967 restricted common shares under the Plan, respectively, with a fair value of $771,621 and $357,167, respectively.

With respect to the restricted common shares granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, (i) an aggregate of 22,000 shares vested immediately on the date of grant, an additional aggregate of 22,000 shares will vest on each of the first and

second anniversaries of the date of grant, and 4,500 shares will vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant, and (ii) 43,630 shares will vest on January 1, 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively.

Stock-based compensation for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $220,971 and $127,000, respectively. Stock-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $616,496 and $357,167, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, unrecorded stock-based compensation expense was $904,724.

Employee Benefits

On April 16, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the adoption of the Sachem Capital Corp. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the “401(k) Plan”). All employees, who meet the participation criteria, are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. Under the terms of the 401(k) Plan, the Company is obligated to contribute 3% of a participant’s compensation to the 401(k) Plan on behalf of an employee-participant. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the 401(k) Plan expense was $48,346 and $21,924, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the 401(k) Plan expense was $123,735 and $71,925, respectively.

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity

Equity

17.   Equity

On August 24, 2022, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its Form S-3 Registration Statement covering the sale of up to $75,000,000 of its common shares and its Series A Preferred Stock (as defined in Note 20 below) having an aggregate liquidation preference of up to $25,000,000 in an “at-the market” offering, which is ongoing. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, under this offering, the Company sold an aggregate of 4,140,503 common shares, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $15.6 million, and sold an aggregate of 92,879 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock having an aggregate liquidation preference of $2,321,975, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $1,933,900 representing a discount of approximately 16.7% to the liquidation preference.

In October 2022, the Board adopted a stock repurchase plan (the “Repurchase Program”), pursuant to which the Company could repurchase up to an aggregate of $7,500,000 of its common shares. Under the Repurchase Program, share repurchases are made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices or in negotiated transactions off the market in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 and 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 71,000 common shares under the Repurchase Program at a total cost of approximately $226,000. Following the repurchase, such shares were returned to authorized but unissued shares of the Company. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately $7,277,000 available under the Repurchase Program. On September 7, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the Repurchase Program. The new Repurchase Program will expire on October 9, 2024.

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Partnership Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Partnership Investments

Partnership Investments

18.   Partnership Investments

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had invested an aggregate of approximately $40.0 million in five limited liability companies in which it held non-controlling interests. The Company’s ownership interest in four of the limited liability companies ranges from approximately 7% to 49% and one of the partnerships is owned 100% by the Company. The Company accounts for these investments at cost because the Company does not manage the entities and thus, has no control or have significant influence over the investments. The third party manager of the investments is a commercial real estate finance company that provides debt capital solutions to local and regional commercial real estate owners in the Northeastern United States. The Company’s withdrawal from each limited liability company may only be granted by the manager of such entity. Each limited liability company has elected to be treated as a partnership for income tax purposes.

The Company’s partnership investments can be categorized into two fund structures, fund investments and direct loan investments. The fund investments primarily include investments in two partnerships that invest in mortgage loans. The direct loan investments are through three partnerships whereby the Company directly invests in the participation of individual loans. Both the fund and direct loan structure primarily invest in mortgage loans to borrowers with a majority of the deals being leveraged by a bank. These loans are primarily two- to three- year collateralized mortgage loans, often with contractual extension options for the borrowers of an additional year. The Company receives quarterly dividends from the partnerships that are composed of a preferred return, return of capital and promote depending on each loan’s waterfall calculation, as defined by the loan agreements. The Company’s interests in

the funds are not redeemable at any time, as its investment will be repaid as the underlying loans are repaid. The Company expects to be repaid on its current investments by December 31, 2026.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, these investments generated $0.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of income for the Company. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the partnerships generated $2.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of income for the Company.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had unfunded partnership commitments totaling approximately $1.0 million.

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Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation

Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation

19.   Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation

In the third quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company reported a loss of $477,047 representing its investment in Sachem Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company.

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Series A Preferred Stock

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Series A Preferred Stock

Series A Preferred Stock

20.   Series A Preferred Stock

The Company has designated 2,903,000 shares of its authorized preferred shares, par value $0.001 per share, as shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) with the powers, designations, preferences and other rights as set forth in an Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation (the “Series A Designation Certificate”). The Series A Designation Certificate provides that the Company will pay quarterly cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock, in arrears, on the 30th day of each of March, June, September and December, and including, the date of original issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock until redeemed at 7.75% of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference per annum (equivalent to $1.9375 per annum per share). The Series A Preferred Stock is not redeemable before June 29, 2026, except upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the Series A Designation Certificate). On or after June 29, 2026, the Company may, at its option, redeem any or all of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock at $25.00 per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the redemption date. Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Company may, at its option, redeem any or all of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock within 120 days after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred at $25.00 per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the redemption date. The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted into common shares in connection with a Change of Control by the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock. Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each holder of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right (subject to the Company’s election to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock in whole or in part, as described above, prior to the Change of Control Conversion Date as defined in the Series A Designation Certificate) to convert some or all of the Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder on the Change of Control Conversion Date into a number of the common shares determined by formula, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions described in the Series A Designation Certificate, including provisions for the receipt, under specified circumstances, of alternative consideration as described in the Series A Designation Certificate. Except under limited circumstances, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock generally do not have any voting rights. The Company has reserved 72,575,000 common shares for issuance upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

21.   Subsequent Events

On July 26, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.11 per common share payable on November 7, 2023 to shareholders of record as of October 31, 2023.

Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements were available to be issued. Based on the evaluation, no adjustments were required in the accompanying financial statements.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Financial Statements

Unaudited Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results of operations for the three months and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be attained in the entire fiscal year, or for any subsequent period.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on (a) various assumptions that are based on experience, (b) projections regarding future operations and (c) general financial market and local and general economic conditions. Actual amounts could materially differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all demand deposits, cashier’s checks, money market accounts and certificates of deposit with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at multiple financial institutions. The aggregate amounts held at each institution typically exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit. The Company does not believe that the risk is significant.

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

The Company considers all highly liquid interest-earning investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The fair values of these investments approximate their carrying values. Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade-date basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date and interest is recognized on the accrual basis.

Debt investments are classified as available-for-sale and realized gains and losses are recorded using the specific identification method. Changes in fair value, excluding credit losses and impairments, are recorded in other comprehensive income. Fair value is calculated based on publicly available market information or other estimates determined by management. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, general market conditions, credit quality of debt instrument issuers, and the extent to which the fair value is less than cost. If qualitative factors indicate an available-for-sale debt

security may be credit impaired, the loss is measured as the excess of carrying value over the present value of expected cash flows, limited to the excess of carrying value over fair value. To determine credit losses, the Company may employ a systematic methodology that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence. In addition, the Company considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of, and business outlook for, the person or entity for which it is providing credit. If the Company has plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, then a decline in fair value below cost is recorded as an impairment charge in net income and a new cost basis in the investment is established. If there are adverse changes in the markets or industries in which the borrower operates, or there is a deterioration in the financial health, business outlook or other conditions of the person or entity to which it provided credit, the Company may incur future impairments.

Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured using the equity method or measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments (referred to as the measurement alternative). The Company performs a qualitative assessment on a periodic basis and recognizes an impairment if there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than carrying value. Changes in value are recorded in net income.

Current Expected Credit Losses Allowance

Current Expected Credit Losses Allowance

The Company adopted the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) standard effective January 1, 2023 in accordance with ASU No. 2016-13. The initial CECL allowance adjustment of $2,489,574 was recorded effective January 1, 2023 as a cumulative-effect of change in accounting principle through a direct charge to accumulated deficit on the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity. Subsequent changes to the CECL allowance will be recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses in accordance with the CECL standard on the Company’s loan portfolio, including unfunded construction commitments, on a collective basis by assets with similar risk characteristics. This methodology replaces the probable incurred loss impairment methodology. In addition, interest and fees receivable and amounts included in due from borrowers, other than reimbursements, which include origination, modification and other fees receivable are also analyzed for credit losses in accordance with the CECL standard, as they represent a financial asset that is subject to credit risk. As allowed under the CECL standard used by the Company, as a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date is compared to the net carrying amount of the loan when determining the allowance for credit losses for loans in pending/pre-foreclosure status, as defined. Fair value of collateral is reduced by estimated cost to sell if the collateral is expected to be sold. The amount of loans in pending/pre-foreclosure including unpaid interest and other charges as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was approximately $68.1 million and $24.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, none of those loans required an allowance for credit loss.

The CECL standard requires an entity to consider historical loss experience, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast of the economic environment. The Company utilizes a loss-rate method for estimating current expected credit losses. The loss rate method involves applying a loss rate to a pool of loans with similar risk characteristics to estimate the expected credit losses on that pool of loans. In determining the CECL allowance, the Company considers various factors including (1) historical loss experience in its portfolio, (2) loan specific losses for loans deemed collateral dependent based on excess amortized cost over the fair value of the underlying collateral, and (3) its current and future view of the macroeconomic environment. The Company utilizes a reasonable and supportable forecast period equal to the contractual term of the loan plus any applicable short-term extensions that are reasonably expected for construction loans.

Management estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for expected credit losses over the life of the loans based on evaluating historical credit loss experience and to make adjustments to historical loss information for differences in the specific risk characteristics in the current loan portfolio. The CECL allowance related to the principal outstanding is presented within “Mortgages receivable, net” and for unfunded commitments is within accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The CECL allowance related to the late payment fees are presented in “Interest and fees receivable” and “Due from borrowers” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for mortgages receivable was approximately $2.1 million compared to approximately $2.0 million at January 1, 2023, an increase of approximately $0.1 million.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for interest and fees receivable was approximately $23,400 compared to approximately $26,100 at January 1, 2023, a decrease of approximately $2,700.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for amounts due from borrowers was approximately $24,400 compared to approximately $19,900 at January 1, 2023, an increase of approximately $4,500.

As of September 30, 2023, the CECL allowance for unfunded commitments was approximately $498,600 compared to approximately $522,000 at January 1, 2023, a decrease of approximately $23,400.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The framework for measuring fair value provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 are described as follows:

Level 1Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access.

Level 2Inputs to the valuation methodology include:

● quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

● quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

● inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

● inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation to other means.

If the asset or liability has a specified (i.e., contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Land and building acquired in December 2016 to serve as the Company’s office facilities is stated at cost. The building is being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. The Company relocated its entire operations to this property in March 2019. On August 14, 2023 this property was sold. The Company realized a loss of approximately $184,600 on the sale, which is included in (gain) loss on sale of real estate in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Land and building acquired in 2021 to serve as the Company’s new corporate headquarters is stated at cost. Renovation of the building was completed in the first quarter of 2023 and the Company relocated its operations to the new building in March 2023. The building is being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years. The new building was placed in service in March 2023 when the Company received the Certificate of Occupancy.

Investment in real estate

Investment in real estate

The Company allocates the purchase price of real estate to land and building (inclusive of site and tenant improvements) and, if determined to be material, intangibles, such as the value of above- and below-market leases and origination costs associated with the in-place leases.

The allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves subjectivity as the allocations are based on an analysis of the respective fair values. In determining the fair value of the real estate acquired, the Company utilized a third-party valuation which primarily utilizes cash flow projections that apply, among other things, estimated revenue and expense growth rates, discount rates and capitalization rates, as well as sales comparison approach, which utilizes comparable sales, listings and sales contracts. The Company assesses the fair value of the acquired leases based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property. The determined and allocated fair values to the real estate acquired will affect the amount of depreciation and amortization we record over the respective estimated useful lives or term of the lease.

2023 Acquisition

On June 23, 2023, the Company entered into a purchase and sale contract for $10,600,000 to acquire a commercial building in Westport, CT. The transaction was completed on August 31, 2023. In connection with this transaction, which was accounted for as an asset acquisition, the Company allocated the purchase price and acquisition-related costs to the tangible and intangible assets acquired based on fair value. In addition, the Company recorded a lease liability stemming from below-market rental rates. Total consideration, including capitalized acquisition-related costs, was $10,725,237.

The following table summarizes the allocation for the acquisition:

	Amount
Land	$	3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Below-market lease intangible		(664,737)
Lease in-place intangible (included in Other assets)		568,460
Deferred leasing costs (included in Other assets)		386,923
Total	$	10,725,237

Building and site improvements are being depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life of 40 years and 15 years, respectively. Tenant improvements are amortized over the life of the respective lease using the straight-line method.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, depreciation and amortization was nominal.

Lease in-place intangible assets, deferred leasing costs and acquired below market leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective life of the lease For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, amortization of each of the lease-in place intangible assets, deferred leasing costs and acquired below market leases was nominal.

The Company leases space to a tenant under a ten year operating lease. The lease provides for the payment of fixed base rent payable monthly in advance that ranges from approximately $834,000 in lease year one with escalations up to approximately $996,000 in lease year ten. Additionally, the lease allows the Company to pass through to tenants their share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses over a base year, as defined. The lease also provides for one year of rent concessions and a tenant improvement allowance funded by the Company. Commencement of the lease is anticipated in 2024 once tenant improvements are completed. The Company anticipates payments on the lease to begin in 2025 after the rent concession period has ended.

Estimated annual amortization of acquired in-place lease intangible is as follows:

2023 (3 months)	$	14,212
2024		56,846
2025		56,846
2026		56,846
2027		56,846
Thereafter		326,864
Total	$	568,460

Estimated annual amortization of acquired below-market leases is as follows:

2023 (3 months)	$	9,673
2024		38,692
2025		38,692
2026		38,692
2027		38,692
Thereafter		222,482
Total	$	386,923

Real Estate Owned

Real Estate Owned

Real estate owned by the Company is stated at cost and is tested for impairment quarterly.

Consolidations

Consolidations

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all subsidiaries in which the Company has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company monitors events or changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair market value of the assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized, but rather tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment. Goodwill at September 30, 2023 represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired from Urbane New Haven, LLC in October 2022.

In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company follows FASB ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”, which permits a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, then no impairment is determined to exist for the reporting unit. However, if the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, or the Company chooses not to perform the qualitative assessment, then the Company compares the fair value of that reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred Financing Costs

Costs incurred in connection with the Company’s revolving credit facilities, described in Note 8 – Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility, are amortized over the term of the applicable facility using the straight-line method.

Costs incurred by the Company in connection with the public offering of its unsecured, unsubordinated notes, described in Note 9 – Unsecured Notes Payable, are being amortized over the term of the respective Notes.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Interest income from the Company’s loan portfolio is earned over the loan period and is calculated using the simple interest method on principal amounts outstanding. Generally, the Company’s loans provide for interest to be paid monthly in arrears. The Company, generally, does not accrue interest income on mortgages receivable that are more than ninety (90) days past due or interest charged at default rates. However, interest income not accrued at September 30, 2023 but collected prior to the issuance of this report is included in income for the period ended September 30, 2023.

Origination and modification fee revenue, generally 1% – 3% of either the original loan principal or the modified loan balance, is collected at loan funding and is recognized ratably over the contractual life of the loan in accordance with ASC 310.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company believes it qualifies as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes and operates accordingly. It made the election to be taxed as a REIT on its 2017 Federal income tax return. The Company’s qualification as a REIT depends on its ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), relating to, among other things, the sources of its income, the composition and values of its assets, its compliance with the distribution requirements applicable to REITs and the diversity of ownership of its outstanding capital stock. So long as it qualifies as a REIT, the Company, generally, will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income distributed to its shareholders. However, if it fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and may also be subject to various penalties and may be precluded from re-electing REIT status for the four taxable years following the year during in which it lost its REIT qualification.

The Company has elected, and may elect in the future, to treat certain of its existing or newly created corporate subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In general, a TRS may hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. The TRSs generate income, resulting in federal and state income tax liability for these entities. The Company does not expect to incur any corporate federal income tax liability outside of the TRSs, as it believes it has maintained its qualification as a REIT. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, neither the Company nor any of its TRSs, recognized any provisions for federal income tax or state, local and franchise taxes on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The income tax provision for the Company differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes due to non-taxable REIT income and other permanent differences including the non-deductibility of acquisition costs of business combinations for federal income tax reporting.

FASB ASC Topic 740-10 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and disclosure required. Under this standard, an entity may only recognize or continue to recognize tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense. The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions requiring accrual or disclosure in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated in accordance with ASC 260 — “Earnings Per Share.” Under ASC 260, basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is identical to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the potential dilution from the exercise of stock options and warrants for common shares using the treasury stock method. The numerator in calculating both basic and diluted earnings per common share for each period is the reported net income.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, (ASU 2016-13), which changes accounting requirements for the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses from an incurred or probable methodology to a current expected credit loss methodology. Mortgages receivable, unfunded loan commitments, interest and fees receivable and amounts included in due from borrowers, other than reimbursements, which include origination, modification and other fees receivable are the only items currently held by the Company that are within the scope of ASU 2016-13. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2023 and applied a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. At transition on January 1, 2023, the cumulative effect of adopting this ASU resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of $2,489,574 and an increase in the allowance for credit losses. The increase in the allowance is driven by the fact that the allowance under CECL covers expected credit losses over the full expected life of the loan portfolios and takes into account forecasts of expected future economic conditions.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses” (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) for creditors that have adopted the CECL standard and requires enhanced disclosures for loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, other-than-insignificant payment delays, or term extensions. In addition, the new guidance requires presentation in the vintage disclosures of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The amendments in this update became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. This update did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements, except for requiring additional disclosure relating to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.” ASU 2022-03 was issued to (1) to clarify the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not anticipate that this update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain amounts included in the September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the September 30, 2023 presentation.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of allocation for the acquisition of assets

	Amount
Land	$	3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Below-market lease intangible		(664,737)
Lease in-place intangible (included in Other assets)		568,460
Deferred leasing costs (included in Other assets)		386,923
Total	$	10,725,237

Summary of estimated annual amortization of acquired in-place lease intangible

2023 (3 months)	$	14,212
2024		56,846
2025		56,846
2026		56,846
2027		56,846
Thereafter		326,864
Total	$	568,460

Summary of estimated annual amortization of acquired below-market leases

2023 (3 months)	$	9,673
2024		38,692
2025		38,692
2026		38,692
2027		38,692
Thereafter		222,482
Total	$	386,923

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurement

Schedule of company's assets at fair value

The following table sets forth by Level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value as of September 30, 2023:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Stocks and ETFs	$	—	$	1,932,270	$	—	$	1,932,270
Mutual funds		15,599,486		—		—		15,599,486
Debt securities		18,699,251		813,650		—		19,512,901
Total liquid investments	$	34,298,737	$	2,745,920	$	—	$	37,044,657
Real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	3,481,177	$	3,481,177

The following table sets forth by Level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2022:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Stocks and ETF’s	$	3,282,659	$	1,446,065	$	—	$	4,728,724
Mutual funds		14,850,839		—		—		14,850,839
Debt securities		3,880,045		1,116,854		—		4,996,899
Total liquid investments	$	22,013,543	$	2,562,919	$	—	$	24,576,462
Real estate owned		—		—	$	5,216,149	$	5,216,149

Schedule of company's available-for-sale (AFS) securities and other comprehensive income (OCI)

	Three Months Ended				Nine months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
OCI from AFS securities:
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities at beginning of period	$	(376,078)	$	(425,972)	$	(561,490)	$	(476,016)
Unrealized gain (losses) on securities available-for-sale – debt securities		(83,606)		(131,569)		101,806		(81,525)
Change in OCI from AFS securities		(83,606)		(131,569)		101,806		(81,525)
Balance at end of period	$	(459,684)	$	(557,541)	$	(459,684)	$	(557,541)

Schedule of Company's Level 3 Investments of Real Estate Owned

	Nine Months Ended		Twelve Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		December, 31, 2022
Real Estate Owned at the beginning of period	$	5,216,149	$	6,559,010
Principal basis transferred to Real Estate Owned		1,186,663		1,376,733
Charges and/or improvements		214,642		126,443
Proceeds from sale of Real Estate Owned		(2,636,410)		(2,090,880)
Impairment		(612,500)		(799,909)
Gain on sale of Real Estate Owned		112,633		44,752
Balance at end of period	$	3,481,177	$	5,216,149

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Mortgages Receivable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Mortgages Receivable

Summary of the activity in the CECL Allowance from adoption on January 1, 2023

	CECL Allowance						Provision for		CECL
	as of December		Adoption of ASU				CECL		Allowance as of
(dollars in thousands)	31, 2022(1)		2016-13(2)		Charge-offs		Allowance		September 30, 2023
Geographical Location
New England	$	105	$	1,302	$	—	$	153	$	1,560
West		—		7		—		(7)		—
South		—		402		—		(64)		338
Mid-Atlantic		—		210		—		5		215
Total	$	105	$	1,921	$	—	$	87	$	2,113

(1) As of December 31, 2022, amounts represent probable loan loss provisions recorded before the adoption of the ASU 2016-13.

(2) As a component of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, $498,600 of the CECL allowance is excluded from this table because it relates to unfunded commitments and has been recorded as a liability under accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		% of Portfolio		Carrying Value		% of Portfolio
Geographical Location
New England	$	253,947	51.0	%	$	225,603	49.0	%
West		3,150	0.6	%		3,150	0.7	%
South		146,286	29.4	%		135,857	29.5	%
Mid-Atlantic		94,648	19.0	%		96,128	20.8	%
Total		498,031	100.0	%		460,738	100.0	%
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113				105
Carrying value, net	$	495,918			$	460,633

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Outstanding				Outstanding
(dollars in thousands)	Principal		% of Portfolio		Principal		% of Portfolio
Property Type
Residential	$	219,120	44.0	%	$	229,944	49.9	%
Commercial		164,200	33.0	%		154,929	33.6	%
Land		85,690	17.2	%		46,499	10.1	%
Mixed use		29,021	5.8	%		29,366	6.4	%
Total		498,031	100.0	%		460,738	100.0	%
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113				105
Carrying value, net	$	495,918			$	460,633

Schedule of allocation of the carrying value of Company's loan portfolio based on our internal credit quality indicators in assessing estimated credit losses and vintage of origination at the dates indicated

	September 30, 2023				Year Originated(1)
	Carrying		% of
FICO Score (2) (dollars in thousands)	Value		Portfolio		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Under 500	$	400	0.1	%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	400
501-550		4,041	0.8	%		—		—		1,590		—		2,451
551-600		9,132	1.8	%		290		2,880		4,181		597		1,184
601-650		43,135	8.7	%		4,189		19,528		9,164		5,917		4,337
651-700		85,402	17.1	%		6,718		24,569		39,273		6,682		8,160
701-750		194,137	39.0	%		25,821		58,021		98,455		6,351		5,489
751-800		143,421	28.8	%		24,629		51,993		54,813		10,223		1,763
801-850		18,363	3.7	%		77		17,723		—		279		284
Total		498,031	100.0	%	$	61,724	$	174,714	$	207,476	$	30,049	$	24,068
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113
Carrying value, net	$	495,918

(1) Represents the year of origination or amendment where the loan was subject to a full re-underwriting.

(2) The FICO Scores are calculated at the inception of the loan and are updated if the loan is modified or on an as needed basis.

	December 31, 2022				Year Originated(1)
	Carrying		% of
FICO Score (2) (dollars in thousands)	Value		Portfolio		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Under 500	$	629	0.1	%	$	—	$	—	$	185	$	235	$	209
501-550		4,786	1.0	%		—		1,779		87		803		2,117
551-600		15,977	3.5	%		3,061		8,256		1,836		1,357		1,467
601-650		40,349	8.8	%		21,382		7,474		6,273		1,547		3,673
651-700		84,085	18.3	%		33,832		31,342		7,398		5,269		6,244
701-750		174,347	37.8	%		65,190		90,524		11,892		5,527		1,214
751-800		125,347	27.2	%		68,826		45,038		9,470		1,640		373
801-850		15,218	3.3	%		14,554		—		399		—		265
Total		460,738	100.0	%	$	206,845	$	184,413	$	37,540	$	16,378	$	16,562
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		105
Carrying value, net	$	460,633

(1) Represents the year of origination or amendment where the loan was subject to a full re-underwriting.

(2) The FICO Scores are calculated at the inception of a loan and are updated if the loan is modified or on an as needed basis.

Schedule of maturities of Mortgages receivable

	As of September 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
2023 and prior	$	168,774,227	$	372,964,665
2024		279,909,034		85,968,294
2025		49,249,401		1,699,500
2026		—		—
2027		—		—
Thereafter		98,356		105,809
Total		498,031,018		460,738,268
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances		2,113,178		105,000
Total	$	495,917,840	$	460,633,268

Schedule of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
			% of Total Carrying Value of
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Loans, net		Financial Effect
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	32,791	6.6	%	A weighted average of 19.7 months were added to the life of the loans

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
			% of Total Carrying Value of
	Carrying Value		Loans, net		Financial Effect
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	62,977	12.7	%	A weighted average of 17.3 months were added to the life of the loans
Other		16,064	3.2	%	Unpaid interest/taxes/charges added to principal balance

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Current		90-119 days past due		120+ days past due		Total
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	32,791	$	—	$	—	$	32,791

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Current		90-119 days past due		120+ days past due		Total
Loans modified during the period ended
Term extension	$	62,977	$	—	$	—	$	62,977
Other		16,064		—		—		16,064

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Investment in Real Estate (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investment in Real Estate

Summary of investment in real estate

At September 30, 2023, investment in real estate consisted of the following:

	Amount
Land	$	3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Total	$	10,434,591

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Real Estate Owned (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Real Estate Owned

Schedule of rental payments due from real estate held for rental

Year ending December 31, 2023	$	13,300
Year ending December 31, 2024		53,200
Year ending December 31, 2025		53,200
Year ending December 31, 2026		31,033
Total	$	150,733

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Other Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Other Assets

Schedule of other assets

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Prepaid expenses	$	218,004	$	410,373
Other receivables		4,385,986		3,519,804
Other assets		4,724		477,048
Goodwill		391,000		391,000
Intangible asset – trade name		130,400		130,400
Intangible asset – lease		568,460		—
Deferred financing costs, net		341,662		54,548
Deferred leasing cost		386,923		—
Total	$	6,427,159	$	4,983,173

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Unsecured Notes Payable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Unsecured Notes Payable

Summary of future principal payments on the notes payable

The following are the future principal payments on the notes payable as of September 30, 2023:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of 2023	$	—
2024		58,163,000
2025		56,363,750
2026		51,750,000
2027		122,125,000
Total principal payments		288,401,750
Deferred financing costs		(6,641,817)
Total notes payable, net of deferred financing costs	$	281,759,933

Summary of estimated amortization of the deferred financing costs

The estimated amortization of the deferred financing costs as of September 30, 2023 is as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of 2023	$	593,327
2024		2,336,228
2025		1,807,606
2026		1,410,319
2027		494,337
Total deferred costs	$	6,641,817

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Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Schedule of accounts payable and accrued liabilities

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,184,112	$	1,109,789
CECL - allowance for unfunded contractual obligation credit losses		498,600		—
Other notes		—		6,014
Accrued interest		378,076		323,416
Total	$	2,060,788	$	1,439,219

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Fee and Other Income (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fee and Other Income

Schedule of fees and other income

	Three Months				Nine Months
	ended September 30,				ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Late and other fees	$	367,281	$	92,098	$	517,599	$	338,638
Processing fees		28,785		37,480		90,485		165,950
Rental income, net		13,300		8,867		39,900		37,067
Extension fees		435,457		212,608		849,002		415,128
Construction management fee		46,243		86,881		714,051		135,690
Other fees		35,328		37,410		108,505		123,850
Legal fees		102,945		91,115		318,945		253,055
Other income		210,213		75,290		879,645		579,541
Total	$	1,239,552	$	641,749	$	3,518,132	$	2,048,921

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies

Schedule of original maturities of deferred revenue

Year ending December 31, 2023	$	1,809,598
Year ending December 31, 2024		2,950,866
Year ending December 31, 2025		198,615
Total	$	4,959,079

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The Company (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Minimum
The Company
Term of debt	1 year
Maximum
The Company
Term of debt	3 years

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Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Aug. 13, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Significant Accounting Policies
CECL Allowance	$ 2,113,178			$ 105,000
Loan pending/pre-foreclosure amount	68,100,000			24,000,000.0
Loan of allowance for credit loss	0			0
CECL allowance for mortgages receivable	2,100,000		$ 2,000,000.0
Increase in CECL allowance for mortgages receivable	100,000
CECL allowance for interest and fees receivable	23,400		26,100
Increase (Decrease) in CECL allowance for interest and fees receivable	(2,700)
CECL allowance for borrowers	24,400		19,900
Increase in CECL allowance for borrowers	4,500
CECL allowance for unfunded commitments	498,600		522,000
Increase (Decrease) In CECL allowance for unfunded commitments	(23,400)
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate	184,600
Uncertain tax positions	0				$ 0
Retained earnings	(7,893,673)			$ (7,995,143)
ASU 2016-13
Significant Accounting Policies
CECL allowance for unfunded commitments	498,600
Adjustment | ASU 2016-13
Significant Accounting Policies
CECL Allowance	$ 1,921,000		2,489,574
Retained earnings			$ (2,489,574)
Building Acquired In December 2016 [Member]
Significant Accounting Policies
Property plant and equipment, useful life		40 years
Building Acquired In 2021 [Member]
Significant Accounting Policies
Property plant and equipment, useful life	40 years
Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies
Percentage of origination and modification fee revenue	1.00%
Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies
Percentage of origination and modification fee revenue	3.00%

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Significant Accounting Policies - 2023 Acquisition (Details) - USD ($)		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 23, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
2023 Acquisition
Term of lease		10 years
Maximum
2023 Acquisition
Lessee, operating lease, fixed base rent per month		$ 996,000
Minimum
2023 Acquisition
Lessee, operating lease, fixed base rent per month		$ 834,000
Wesport, CT
2023 Acquisition
Agreed amount to acquire a commercial building	$ 10,600,000
Total consideration, including capitalized acquisition-related costs	$ 10,725,237
Wesport, CT | Building
2023 Acquisition
Estimated useful life	40 years
Wesport, CT | Site improvements
2023 Acquisition
Estimated useful life	15 years

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Significant Accounting Policies - Allocation for the acquisition (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 23, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
2023 Acquisition
Land		$ 3,956,786
Building		4,935,714
Site improvements		359,249
Tenant improvements		1,182,842
Deferred leasing costs (included in Other assets)		386,923
Wesport, CT
2023 Acquisition
Land	$ 3,956,786
Building	4,935,714
Site improvements	359,249
Tenant improvements	1,182,842
Below-market lease intangible	(664,737)	$ (386,923)
Lease in-place intangible (included in Other assets)	568,460
Deferred leasing costs (included in Other assets)	386,923
Total	$ 10,725,237

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Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated annual amortization of acquired in-place lease intangible (Details) - Wesport, CT - Acquired in-place lease intangible	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Estimated annual amortization of acquired in-place lease intangible
2023 (3 months)	$ 14,212
2024	56,846
2025	56,846
2026	56,846
2027	56,846
Thereafter	326,864
Total	$ 568,460

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Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated annual amortization of acquired below-market leases (Details) - Wesport, CT - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 23, 2023
Estimated annual amortization of acquired below-market leases
2023 (3 months)	$ 9,673
2024	38,692
2025	38,692
2026	38,692
2027	38,692
Thereafter	222,482
Total	$ 386,923	$ 664,737

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Fair Value Measurement (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurement
Stocks and ETF's	$ 1,932,270	$ 4,728,724
Mutual funds	15,599,486	14,850,839
Debt securities	19,512,901	4,996,899
Total liquid investments	37,044,657	24,576,462
Real estate owned	3,481,177	5,216,149
Available-For-Sale debt securities	834,000	531,000
Level 1
Fair Value Measurement
Stocks and ETF's		3,282,659
Mutual funds	15,599,486	14,850,839
Debt securities	18,699,251	3,880,045
Total liquid investments	34,298,737	22,013,543
Level 2
Fair Value Measurement
Stocks and ETF's	1,932,270	1,446,065
Debt securities	813,650	1,116,854
Total liquid investments	2,745,920	2,562,919
Level 3
Fair Value Measurement
Real estate owned	$ 3,481,177	$ 5,216,149

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Fair Value Measurement - Company's available-for-sale (AFS) securities and other comprehensive income (OCI) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
OCI from AFS securities - debt securities:
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities at beginning of period	$ (376,078)	$ (425,972)	$ (561,490)	$ (476,016)
Unrealized gain (losses) on securities available-for-sale - debt securities	(83,606)	(131,569)	101,806	(81,525)
Change in OCI from AFS securities	(83,606)	(131,569)	101,806	(81,525)
Balance at end of period	$ (459,684)	$ (557,541)	$ (459,684)	$ (557,541)

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Fair Value Measurement - Company's Level 3 Investments of Real Estate Owned (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurement
Real Estate Owned at the beginning of period			$ 5,216,149
Impairment	$ (400,000)	$ (195,000)	(612,500)	$ (685,500)
Gain on sale of Real Estate Owned			(71,988)	121,381
Balance at end of period	3,481,177		3,481,177		$ 5,216,149
Level 3
Fair Value Measurement
Real Estate Owned at the beginning of period			5,216,149	$ 6,559,010	6,559,010
Principal basis transferred to Real Estate Owned			1,186,663		1,376,733
Charges and/or improvements			214,642		126,443
Proceeds from sale of Real Estate Owned			(2,636,410)		(2,090,880)
Impairment			(612,500)		(799,909)
Gain on sale of Real Estate Owned			112,633		44,752
Balance at end of period	$ 3,481,177		$ 3,481,177		$ 5,216,149

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Mortgages Receivable - CECL Allowance by Geographical Location (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance beginning balance	$ 105,000
CECL Allowance ending balance	2,113,178
Provision for CECL allowance	87,000
CECL allowance for unfunded commitments	498,600	$ 522,000
ASU 2016-13
Mortgages Receivable
CECL allowance for unfunded commitments	498,600
Adjustment | ASU 2016-13
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance ending balance	1,921,000
New England
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance beginning balance	105,000
CECL Allowance ending balance	1,560,000
Provision for CECL allowance	153,000
New England | Adjustment | ASU 2016-13
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance ending balance	1,302,000
West
Mortgages Receivable
Provision for CECL allowance	(7,000)
West | Adjustment | ASU 2016-13
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance ending balance	7,000
South
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance ending balance	338,000
Provision for CECL allowance	(64,000)
South | Adjustment | ASU 2016-13
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance ending balance	402,000
Mid-East
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance ending balance	215,000
Provision for CECL allowance	5,000
Mid-East | Adjustment | ASU 2016-13
Mortgages Receivable
CECL Allowance ending balance	$ 210,000

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Mortgages Receivable - CECL Allowance by CECL Allowances by loan portfolio geographical location (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 498,031,018	$ 460,738,268
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances	2,113,178	105,000
Carrying value, net	$ 495,917,840	$ 460,633,268
% of Portfolio	100.00%	100.00%
New England
Mortgages Receivable
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances	$ 1,560,000	$ 105,000
Carrying value, net	$ 253,947,000	$ 225,603,000
% of Portfolio	51.00%	49.00%
West
Mortgages Receivable
Carrying value, net	$ 3,150,000	$ 3,150,000
% of Portfolio	0.60%	0.70%
South
Mortgages Receivable
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances	$ 338,000
Carrying value, net	$ 146,286,000	$ 135,857,000
% of Portfolio	29.40%	29.50%
Mid-East
Mortgages Receivable
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances	$ 215,000
Carrying value, net	$ 94,648,000	$ 96,128,000
% of Portfolio	19.00%	20.80%

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Mortgages Receivable - CECL Allowance by Property Type (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 498,031,018	$ 460,738,268
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances	2,113,178	105,000
Carrying value, net	$ 495,917,840	$ 460,633,268
% of Portfolio	100.00%	100.00%
Residential
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 219,120,000	$ 229,944,000
% of Portfolio	44.00%	49.90%
Commercial
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 164,200,000	$ 154,929,000
% of Portfolio	33.00%	33.60%
Land
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 85,690,000	$ 46,499,000
% of Portfolio	17.20%	10.10%
Mixed Use
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 29,021,000	$ 29,366,000
% of Portfolio	5.80%	6.40%

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Mortgages Receivable - Internal credit quality indicators (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 498,031,018	$ 460,738,268
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances	2,113,178	105,000
Carrying value, net	$ 495,917,840	$ 460,633,268
% of Portfolio	100.00%	100.00%
Year Originated, 2023	$ 61,724,000	$ 206,845,000
Year Originated, 2022	174,714,000	184,413,000
Year Originated, 2021	207,476,000	37,540,000
Year Originated, 2020	30,049,000	16,378,000
Year Originated, Prior	24,068,000	16,562,000
Under 500
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 400,000	$ 629,000
% of Portfolio	0.10%	0.10%
Year Originated, 2021		$ 185,000
Year Originated, 2020		235,000
Year Originated, Prior	$ 400,000	209,000
501-550
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 4,041,000	$ 4,786,000
% of Portfolio	0.80%	1.00%
Year Originated, 2022		$ 1,779,000
Year Originated, 2021	$ 1,590,000	87,000
Year Originated, 2020		803,000
Year Originated, Prior	2,451,000	2,117,000
551-600
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 9,132,000	$ 15,977,000
% of Portfolio	1.80%	3.50%
Year Originated, 2023	$ 290,000	$ 3,061,000
Year Originated, 2022	2,880,000	8,256,000
Year Originated, 2021	4,181,000	1,836,000
Year Originated, 2020	597,000	1,357,000
Year Originated, Prior	1,184,000	1,467,000
601-650
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 43,135,000	$ 40,349,000
% of Portfolio	8.70%	8.80%
Year Originated, 2023	$ 4,189,000	$ 21,382,000
Year Originated, 2022	19,528,000	7,474,000
Year Originated, 2021	9,164,000	6,273,000
Year Originated, 2020	5,917,000	1,547,000
Year Originated, Prior	4,337,000	3,673,000
651-700
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 85,402,000	$ 84,085,000
% of Portfolio	17.10%	18.30%
Year Originated, 2023	$ 6,718,000	$ 33,832,000
Year Originated, 2022	24,569,000	31,342,000
Year Originated, 2021	39,273,000	7,398,000
Year Originated, 2020	6,682,000	5,269,000
Year Originated, Prior	8,160,000	6,244,000
701-750
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 194,137,000	$ 174,347,000
% of Portfolio	39.00%	37.80%
Year Originated, 2023	$ 25,821,000	$ 65,190,000
Year Originated, 2022	58,021,000	90,524,000
Year Originated, 2021	98,455,000	11,892,000
Year Originated, 2020	6,351,000	5,527,000
Year Originated, Prior	5,489,000	1,214,000
751-800
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 143,421,000	$ 125,347,000
% of Portfolio	28.80%	27.20%
Year Originated, 2023	$ 24,629,000	$ 68,826,000
Year Originated, 2022	51,993,000	45,038,000
Year Originated, 2021	54,813,000	9,470,000
Year Originated, 2020	10,223,000	1,640,000
Year Originated, Prior	1,763,000	373,000
801-850
Mortgages Receivable
Total	$ 18,363,000	$ 15,218,000
% of Portfolio	3.70%	3.30%
Year Originated, 2023	$ 77,000	$ 14,554,000
Year Originated, 2022	17,723,000
Year Originated, 2021		399,000
Year Originated, 2020	279,000
Year Originated, Prior	$ 284,000	$ 265,000

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Mortgages Receivable - Maturities of mortgages receivable (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan
Mortgages Receivable
2023 and prior	$ 168,774,227	$ 372,964,665
2024	279,909,034	85,968,294
2025	49,249,401	1,699,500
Thereafter	98,356	105,809
Total	498,031,018	460,738,268
Less, CECL and Direct Allowances	2,113,178	105,000
Carrying value, net	$ 495,917,840	$ 460,633,268
Mortgage loan portfolio number of loans | loan	327	444
Number of loans matured but not have been repaid in full or extended | loan	95	105
Number of loans under foreclosure proceedings | loan	64	40
Amount of loans matured but not have been repaid in full or extended	$ 84,800,000	$ 61,600,000
Percentage of loans matured but not have been repaid in full or extended	17.00%	13.40%
Aggregate outstanding principal balance and the accrued but unpaid interest and borrower charges of loans under foreclosure proceedings	$ 63,500,000	$ 22,600,000

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Mortgages Receivable - Loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Term extension
Loans modified during the period ended
Carrying Value	$ 32,791	$ 62,977
% of Total Carrying Value of Loans, net	6.60%	12.70%
Financial Effect, weighted average months added to the life of the loans	19 months 21 days	17 months 9 days
Other
Loans modified during the period ended
Carrying Value		$ 16,064
% of Total Carrying Value of Loans, net		3.20%

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Mortgages Receivable - Performance of loans that have been modified in the last 12 months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Loans modified during the period ended
Additional amount committed to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty	$ 23,200	$ 23,200
Term extension
Loans modified during the period ended
Carrying Value	32,791	62,977
Term extension | Current
Loans modified during the period ended
Carrying Value	$ 32,791	62,977
Other
Loans modified during the period ended
Carrying Value		16,064
Other | Current
Loans modified during the period ended
Carrying Value		$ 16,064

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Mortgages Receivable - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Mortgages Receivable
Aggregate amounts of loans funded		$ 159,678,482	$ 252,370,675
Principal collections on mortgages receivable		123,495,534	$ 95,173,969
Face amount of mortgages	$ 36,100,000	$ 36,100,000
Default interest rate on mortgage loans		18.00%
Nonaccrual loans
Mortgages Receivable
Loans on nonaccrual status	82,913,227	$ 82,913,227		$ 55,691,857
Interest income on nonaccrual loans	$ 61,718	$ 394,909
Mortgage Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark | No borrower
Mortgages Receivable
Loans outstanding (in percent)		10.00%		10.00%
Minimum
Mortgages Receivable
Term of debt		1 year
Interest rate (as a percent)		5.00%
Maximum
Mortgages Receivable
Term of debt		3 years
Interest rate (as a percent)		15.00%

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Investment in Real Estate (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Investment in Real Estate
Land	$ 3,956,786
Building	4,935,714
Site improvements	359,249
Tenant improvements	1,182,842
Total	$ 10,434,591

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Real Estate Owned (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) property	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) property	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) property	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) property	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Real Estate Owned
Real estate owned	$ 3,481,177		$ 3,481,177		$ 5,216,149
Impairment loss on real estate owned	400,000	$ 195,000	612,500	$ 685,500
Real estate on owned	825,963	800,053	825,963	800,053
Real estate held-for-sale	$ 2,655,214	$ 4,815,887	$ 2,655,214	$ 4,815,887
Number of properties held for sale | property	1	2	6	5
Net (Gain) Loss on property held for sale	$ 14,229	$ 962	$ (112,633)	$ (121,381)
Number of properties held for rental | property	1		1
Lease term of rental property held for rental			5 years
Valuation allowance	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0

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Real Estate Owned - Rental payments due from real estate (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Real Estate Owned
Year ending December 31, 2023	$ 13,300
Year ending December 31, 2024	53,200
Year ending December 31, 2025	53,200
Year ending December 31, 2026	31,033
Total	$ 150,733

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Other Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Assets
Prepaid expenses	$ 218,004	$ 410,373
Other receivables	4,385,986	3,519,804
Other assets	4,724	477,048
Goodwill	391,000	391,000
Intangible asset - trade name	130,400	130,400
Intangible asset - lease	568,460
Deferred financing costs, net	341,662	54,548
Deferred leasing cost	386,923
Total	$ 6,427,159	$ 4,983,173

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Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility (Details)					1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 10, 2023	Mar. 02, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 21, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 08, 2023 USD ($)
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Spread on variable rate	6.75%						6.75%
Outstanding balance							$ 51,339,905	$ 3,587,894
Amount outstanding							288,401,750
Amortization schedule			20 years
Term of Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate						5 years
Unpaid principal balance							$ 79,900,000
Threshold asset coverage ratio							150.00%
Number of first line mortgage loans | loan							22
Maximum borrowing capacity							$ 10,000,000
Percentage of asset coverage ratio							150.00%
Revolving Credit Facility
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Outstanding balance							$ 25,000,000.0
Wells Fargo Credit line
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Spread on variable rate					1.75%
Outstanding balance							26,300,000
New Haven Bank Mortgage
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Principal Amount			$ 1,660,000			$ 1,660,000			$ 1,400,000
Amount outstanding								$ 750,000
Fixed annual rate			5.75%			5.75%		3.75%
Interest accrued period						60 months		72 months
Period for which only interest is payable									12 months
Amortization schedule								20 years
Term of Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate								5 years
Unpaid principal balance								$ 750,000
New Haven Bank Mortgage | Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston Classic Advance Rate
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Spread on variable rate						1.75%		2.60%
Master Repurchase Agreement
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Outstanding balance							$ 47,900,000
Fixed annual rate				0.25%
Repurchase face amount				$ 200,000,000
Notes callable period				90 days
Threshold asset coverage ratio							150.00%
Percentage amount of repurchase obligation of unencumbered cash and cash equivalents							2.50%
Term of debt							180 days
Credit and Security Agreement with Needham Bank
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Fixed annual rate							8.25%
Credit and Security Agreement with Needham Bank | Revolving Credit Facility
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Right to extend the term (in years)		1 year
Interest rate		4.50%
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 75,000,000
Amount of credit facility		$ 45,000,000								$ 65,000,000
Credit and Security Agreement with Needham Bank | Prime Rate | Revolving Credit Facility
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Percentage reduced from prime rate for calculating annual interest rate		0.25%
Minimum
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Term of debt							1 year
Adjusted EBITDA coverage ratio							1.0
Minimum | Master Repurchase Agreement
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Fixed annual rate				3.00%
Minimum | Credit and Security Agreement with Needham Bank | Revolving Credit Facility
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Notice period for terminating the Credit Facility, prior to the proposed date of termination		10 days
Maximum
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Fixed annual rate							9.47%
Term of debt							3 years
Adjusted EBITDA coverage ratio							1.40
Maximum | Master Repurchase Agreement
Lines of Credit, Mortgage Payable, and Churchill Facility
Fixed annual rate				4.00%

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Unsecured Notes Payable (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) series $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Unsecured Notes Payable
Deferred financing costs	$ 6,641,817	$ 8,352,597
Number of unsecured unsubordinated notes | series	7
Notes issued denomination | $ / shares	$ 25.00
Threshold percentage of taxable income to prohibit distribution	90.00%
Threshold asset coverage ratio	150.00%
Period of written notice to redeem notes without premium or penalty	30 days
Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 281,759,933
Deferred financing costs	6,641,817
June 2024 Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 23,663,000
Fixed annual rate	7.125%
December 2024 Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 34,500,000
Fixed annual rate	6.875%
September 2025 Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 56,363,750
Fixed annual rate	7.75%
Principal Amount	$ 28,000,000
Notes issued denomination | $ / shares	$ 24.75
December 2026 Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 51,750,000
Fixed annual rate	6.00%
March 2027 Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 51,875,000
Fixed annual rate	6.00%
June 2027 Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 30,000,000
Fixed annual rate	7.125%
September 2027 Notes
Unsecured Notes Payable
Aggregate amount outstanding	$ 40,250,000
Fixed annual rate	8.00%

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Unsecured Notes Payable - Future principal payments (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Unsecured Notes Payable
2024	$ 58,163,000
2025	56,363,750
2026	51,750,000
2027	122,125,000
Total principal payments	288,401,750
Deferred financing costs	(6,641,817)	$ (8,352,597)
Total notes payable, net of deferred financing costs	$ 281,759,933

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Unsecured Notes Payable - Estimated amortization of the deferred financing costs (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Unsecured Notes Payable
Remainder of 2023	$ 593,327
2024	2,336,228
2025	1,807,606
2026	1,410,319
2027	494,337
Total deferred costs	$ 6,641,817	$ 8,352,597

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Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 1,184,112	$ 1,109,789
CECL - allowance for unfunded contractual obligation credit losses	498,600
Other notes		6,014
Accrued interest	378,076	323,416
Total	$ 2,060,788	$ 1,439,219

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Fee and Other Income (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Fee and Other Income
Late and other fees	$ 367,281	$ 92,098	$ 517,599	$ 338,638
Processing fees	28,785	37,480	90,485	165,950
Rental income, net	13,300	8,867	39,900	37,067
Extension fees	435,457	212,608	849,002	415,128
Construction management fee	46,243	86,881	714,051	135,690
Other fees	35,328	37,410	108,505	123,850
Legal fees	102,945	91,115	318,945	253,055
Other income	210,213	75,290	879,645	579,541
Total	$ 1,239,552	$ 641,749	$ 3,518,132	$ 2,048,921

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Commitments and Contingencies - Original maturities of deferred revenue (Details) - Deferred revenue	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies
Year ending December 31, 2023	$ 1,809,598
Year ending December 31, 2024	2,950,866
Year ending December 31, 2025	198,615
Total	$ 4,959,079

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details)		1 Months Ended								9 Months Ended
	Sep. 11, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 shares	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($) shares	Oct. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Apr. 30, 2021 USD ($) shares	Apr. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) property shares	Sep. 30, 2022 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies
Deferred revenue										$ 4,959,079		$ 4,360,452
Employment agreements description										(i) the employment term is five years with extensions for successive one-year periods unless either party provides written notice at least 180 days prior to the next anniversary date of its intention to not renew the agreement; (ii) a base salary of $260,000, which was increased in April 2018, April 2021 and April 2022 to $360,000, $500,000 and $750,000, respectively; (iii) incentive compensation in such amount as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors; (iv) participation in the Company’s employee benefit plans; (v) full indemnification to the extent permitted by law; (vi) a two-year non-competition period following the termination of employment without cause; and (vii) payments upon termination of employment or a change in control.
Base salary					$ 325,000	$ 750,000	$ 500,000	$ 360,000	$ 260,000
Number of mortgage properties | property										1
Mortgages receivable										$ 100,000
Urbane New Haven, LLC
Commitments and Contingencies
Payment to seller as percent of net proceeds from real estate development projects				20.00%
Amount of purchase and sale contract to acquire a commercial building	$ 2,300,000
Non-refundable deposit	$ 230,000
Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Number of unvested shares | shares										226,483
Restricted Stock | 2016 Equity Compensation plan
Commitments and Contingencies
Number of shares granted | shares										201,390	153,967
Unfunded Commitments
Commitments and Contingencies
Deferred revenue										$ 5,000,000.0
Other commitments										$ 107,700,000
Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies
Percentage of origination and modification fee revenue										1.00%
Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies
Percentage of origination and modification fee revenue										3.00%
John Villano
Commitments and Contingencies
Market value of shares granted						$ 500,000
Restricted common shares issued | shares						98,425
John Villano | Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Market value of shares granted						$ 500,000	$ 500,000
Number of unvested shares | shares			130,890
Restricted common shares issued | shares							89,928
John Villano | Vested immediately on the grant date
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage										0.33%
John Villano | Vested immediately on the grant date | Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage										0.33%
John Villano | Vested on first anniversary
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage										0.33%
John Villano | Vested on first anniversary | Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage			0.33%
John Villano | Vested on second anniversary
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage										0.33%
John Villano | Vested on second anniversary | Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage			0.33%							0.33%
John Villano | Vested on January 1, 2022 | Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage										0.33%
Mr. Warch | Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Number of shares granted | shares		5,333	8,000
Market value of shares granted			$ 30,000
Mr. Warch | Vested immediately on the grant date | Restricted Stock
Commitments and Contingencies
Vesting percentage			0.33%

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Shareholders
Related Party Transactions
Shareholders totaled	$ 28,900,000		$ 28,900,000		$ 23,500,000
Interest income	541,177	$ 416,275	1,623,530	$ 1,248,826
Wife of chief executive officer | Accounting and financial services
Related Party Transactions
Compensation provided		2,115		62,865
Daughter of chief executive officer
Related Party Transactions
Compensation provided	$ 38,754	$ 35,727	$ 114,754	$ 106,327

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Concentration of Credit Risk (Details) - Credit concentration risk	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Concentration of Credit Risk
Cash and cash equivalents insured by the federal deposit insurance corporation	$ 250,000
Concentration risk, description	SIPC protects clients against the custodial risk of a member investment firm becoming insolvent by replacing missing securities and cash up to $500,000, including up to $250,000 in cash, per client in accordance with SIPC rules.
First mortgage liens on real property
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentration of risk threshold percentage	44.90%
Florida | First mortgage liens on real property
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentration of risk threshold percentage	23.70%
New York | First mortgage liens on real property
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentration of risk threshold percentage	12.90%

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Outstanding Warrants (Details) - Follow-on public offering - $ / shares	1 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2017
Outstanding Warrants
Warrants to purchase common shares	93,750	187,500
Exercise price of warrants		$ 5.00
Common stock shares issued upon exercise of warrants	19,658

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Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Apr. 16, 2018	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Oct. 27, 2016
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Percentage of employer contribution	3.00%
401(k) Plan expenses		$ 48,346	$ 21,924	$ 123,735	$ 71,925
2016 Equity Compensation plan
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Maximum number of common shares reserved for the grant of awards						1,500,000
Aggregate shares available for grants in period		988,785		988,785
Stock based compensation		$ 220,971	$ 127,000	$ 616,496	$ 357,167
Unrecorded stock based compensation expense		$ 904,724		$ 904,724
Restricted Stock | 2016 Equity Compensation plan
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Shares granted				201,390	153,967
Fair value of shares granted				$ 771,621	$ 357,167
Vested immediately on the grant date | Restricted Stock | 2016 Equity Compensation plan
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Shares vested				22,000
Vested on first anniversary | Restricted Stock | 2016 Equity Compensation plan
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Stock grants in period, gross				22,000
Vested on second anniversary | Restricted Stock | 2016 Equity Compensation plan
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Stock grants in period, gross				22,000
Vested on January 1, 2024 | Restricted Stock | 2016 Equity Compensation plan
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Shares vested				4,500
Vested on January 1, 2025 | Restricted Stock | 2016 Equity Compensation plan
Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits
Shares vested				43,630

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Equity (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 24, 2022	Oct. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Equity
Gross proceeds from the offering					$ 1,895,203
Stock repurchased		$ 7,500,000			$ 226,327
Repurchases of common stock					71,000
Total cost of repurchase of common stock					$ 226,327
Amount available under repurchase program			$ 7,277,000		$ 7,277,000
At the market offering | Series A Preferred Stock
Equity
Gross proceeds from common shares					4,140,503
Common shares under prospectus supplement Dated August 24, 2022
Equity
Authorized amount to be issued	$ 75,000,000
Common shares available for future sale			15,600,000		$ 15,600,000
Common shares under prospectus supplement Dated August 24, 2022 | At the market offering | Series A Preferred Stock
Equity
Preferred stock liquidation preference value	$ 25,000,000
Gross proceeds from common shares					92,879
Preferred stock available for future sale			$ 2,321,975		$ 2,321,975
Gross proceeds from the offering					$ 1,933,900
Percent of discount from liquidation preference					16.70%
Common shares under prospectus supplement Dated October 2022 | At the market offering | Series A Preferred Stock
Equity
Total cost of repurchase of common stock					$ 226,000
Common Shares
Equity
Gross proceeds from common shares			1,542,379	3,309,886	4,158,503	7,177,043
Stock repurchased					$ 71
Repurchases of common stock					(71,000)

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Partnership Investments (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) company	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) company	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Partnership Investments
Partnership investment, total | $	$ 40.0		$ 40.0
Number of limited liability companies managed by a commercial real estate finance company | company	5		5
Income from partnership investment | $	$ 0.7	$ 0.5	$ 2.3	$ 1.1
Unfunded partnership commitments | $	$ 1.0		$ 1.0
Four of Limited liability companies
Partnership Investments
Number of limited liability companies managed by a commercial real estate finance company | company	4		4
One of limited liability companies
Partnership Investments
Number of limited liability companies managed by a commercial real estate finance company | company	1		1
Ownership interest			100.00%
Maximum | Four of Limited liability companies
Partnership Investments
Participation interest in mortgage loans	49		49
Minimum | Four of Limited liability companies
Partnership Investments
Participation interest in mortgage loans	7		7

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Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation
Written off the investment in its entirety	$ 477,047	$ 477,047

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Series A Preferred Stock (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock conversion, shares issued	72,575,000
Series A Preferred Stock
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,903,000	2,903,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Percentage of preferred stock redeemed	7.75%
Share price	$ 25.00
Liquidation preference per annum	1.9375
Preferred stock, redemption price per share	$ 25.00
Redemption period for preference stock	120 days

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Subsequent Events (Details)	Jul. 26, 2023 $ / shares
Subsequent Events
Dividend payable per share	$ 0.11