Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of Business	A. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS ICC Holdings, Inc. is a Pennsylvania corporation that was organized in 2016. As used in these financial statements, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to the consolidated group. In March 2017, the Company’s stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “ICCH”. On a stand-alone basis ICC Holdings, Inc. is referred to as the “Parent Company.” The consolidated group consists of the holding company, ICC Holdings, Inc.; ICC Realty, LLC, a real estate services and holding company; Beverage Insurance Agency, Inc., a non-insurance subsidiary; Estrella Innovative Solutions, Inc., an outsourcing company; Southern Hospitality Education, LLC, dba Katkin, a full-service food safety and education company; and Illinois Casualty Company (ICC), an operating insurance company. ICC is an Illinois domiciled company.We are a specialty insurance carrier primarily underwriting commercial multi-peril, liquor liability, workers’ compensation, and umbrella liability coverages for the food and beverage industry through our subsidiary insurance company, ICC. ICC writes business in Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin and markets through independent agents. Approximately 24.0% and 25.0% of the premium was written in Illinois for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company operates as a single segment.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation	B. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which differ in some respects from those followed in reports to insurance regulatory authorities. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet, revenues and expenses for the periods then ended, and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein. The most significant of these amounts is the liability for unpaid losses and settlement expenses. Other estimates include investment valuation and other-than-temporary impairments (OTTIs), reinsurance recoverables and the collectability of reinsurance balances, recoverability of deferred tax assets, and deferred policy acquisition costs. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Although recorded estimates are supported by actuarial computations and other supportive data, the estimates are ultimately based on expectations of future events. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.
Investments	C. INVESTMENTS AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale (AFS) and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on these securities are excluded from net earnings but are recorded as a separate component of comprehensive earnings and shareholders’ equity, net of deferred income taxes. EQUITY SECURITIES Equity securities include common stock, mutual funds, and non-redeemable preferred stock. Equity securities are carried at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in net earnings. OTHER-THAN-TEMPORARY IMPAIRMENT Under current accounting standards, an OTTI write-down of fixed maturity securities, where fair value is below amortized cost, is triggered by circumstances where (1) an entity has the intent to sell a security, (2) it is more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis or (3) the entity does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. If an entity intends to sell a security in a loss position or if it is more likely than not the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery, an OTTI write-down is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value. If an entity does not intend to sell the security or it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, the OTTI write-down is separated into an amount representing the credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. Impairment losses result in a reduction of the underlying investment’s cost basis. The Company regularly evaluates its fixed maturity securities using both quantitative and qualitative criteria to determine impairment losses for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of the investments. The following are the key factors for determining if a security is other-than-temporarily impaired:The extent to which the fair value is less than cost, The assessment of significant adverse changes to the cash flows on a fixed maturity investment, The occurrence of a discrete credit event resulting in the issuer defaulting on a material obligation, the issuer seeking protection from creditors under the bankruptcy laws, the issuer proposing a voluntary reorganization under which creditors are asked to exchange their claims for cash or securities having a fair value substantially lower than par value, The probability that the Company will recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed income securities prior to maturity, or The ability and intent to hold fixed maturity securities until maturity. Quantitative and qualitative criteria are considered to varying degrees depending on the sector the analysis is being performed. The sectors are as follows: Corporates The Company performs a qualitative evaluation of holdings that fall below the price threshold. The analysis begins with an opinion of industry and competitive position. This includes an assessment of factors that enable the profit structure of the business (e.g., reserve profile for exploration and production companies), competitive advantage (e.g., distribution system), management strategy, and an analysis of trends in return on invested capital. Analysts may also review other factors to determine whether an impairment exists including liquidity, asset value cash flow generation, and industry multiples. Municipals The Company analyzes the screened impairment candidates on a quantitative and qualitative basis. This includes an assessment of the factors that may be contributing to the unrealized loss and whether the recovery value is greater or less than current market value. Structured Securities The “stated assumptions” analytic approach relies on actual 6-month average collateral performance measures (voluntary prepayment rate, gross default rate, and loss severity) sourced through third party data providers or remittance reports. The analysis applies the stated assumptions throughout the remaining term of the transaction using forecasted cashflows, which are then applied through the transaction structure (reflecting the priority of payments and performance triggers) to determine whether there is a loss to the security (“Loss to Tranche”). For securities or sectors for which no actual loss or minimal loss has been observed (certain Prime Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (RMBS) and Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS), for example), sector-based assumptions are applied, or an alternative quantitative or qualitative analysis is performed. INVESTMENT INCOME Interest on fixed maturities and short-term investments is credited to earnings on an accrual basis. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the lives of the related fixed maturities. Dividends on equity securities are credited to earnings on the ex-dividend date. Realized gains and losses on disposition of investments are based on specific identification of the investments sold on the settlement date, which does not differ significantly from trade date accounting.
Other Invested Assets	D. OTHER INVESTED ASSETS Other invested assets include privately held investments and promissory notes. Privately held investments are carried at cost and given that there is no readily available market for these to trade in, management believes cost accurately reflects fair value. The promissory notes are carried at cost which management believes reflects fair value.
Property Held for Investment	E. PROPERTY HELD FOR INVESTMENT Property held for investment purposes is initially recorded at the purchase price, which is generally fair value, and is subsequently reported at cost less accumulated depreciation. Buildings are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the building, which we estimate to be 39 years. Income from property held for investment is reported as net investment income.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	F. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash consists of uninvested balances in bank accounts. Cash equivalents consist of investments with original maturities of 90 days or less, primarily AAA-rated prime and government money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company has not experienced losses on these instruments. We maintain cash balances primarily at one bank, which is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. During the normal course of business, balances are maintained above the FDIC insurance limit.
Reinsurance	G. REINSURANCE Ceded unearned premiums and reinsurance balances recoverable on paid and unpaid losses and settlement expenses are reported separately as assets instead of being netted with the related liabilities, since reinsurance does not relieve us of our legal liability to our policyholders. Quarterly, the Company monitors the financial condition of its reinsurers. The Company’s monitoring efforts include, but are not limited to, the review of annual summarized reinsurer financial data and analysis of the credit risk associated with reinsurance balances recoverable by monitoring the A.M. Best and Standard & Poor’s (S&P) ratings. In addition, the Company subjects its reinsurance recoverables to detailed recoverable tests, including an analysis based on average default by A.M. Best rating. Based upon the review and testing, the Company’s policy is to charge to earnings, in the form of an allowance, an estimate of unrecoverable amounts from reinsurers. This allowance is reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure that the amount makes a reasonable provision for reinsurance balances that the Company may be unable to recover.
Policy Acquisition Costs	H. POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS The Company defers commissions, premium taxes, and certain other costs that are incrementally or directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. Acquisition-related costs may be deemed ineligible for deferral when they are based on contingent or performance criteria beyond the basic acquisition of the insurance contract or when efforts to obtain or renew the insurance contract are unsuccessful. All eligible costs are capitalized and charged to expense in proportion to premium revenue recognized. The method followed in computing deferred policy acquisition costs limits the amount of such deferred costs to their estimated realizable value. This deferral methodology applies to both gross and ceded premiums and acquisition costs.
Property and Equipment	I. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment are presented at cost, less accumulated depreciation, and are depreciated using accelerated methods for financial statement purposes for a period based on their economic life. Computer equipment is depreciated over 3 years and equipment over a range of 5 to 7 years. Buildings are depreciated over 39 years and related improvements over 15 years. Annually, the Company reviews the major asset classes held for impairment. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized no impairments. Property and equipment are summarized as follows: As of December 31, December 31, 2021 2020Automobiles $ 507,889 $ 530,722Furniture and fixtures 512,268 491,766Computer equipment and software 4,350,118 3,971,272Home office 4,016,998 3,946,299Total cost 9,387,273 8,940,059Accumulated depreciation (6,243,055) (6,079,728)Net property and equipment $ 3,144,218 $ 2,860,331
Unpaid Losses and Settlement Expenses	J. UNPAID LOSSES AND SETTLEMENT EXPENSES The liability for unpaid losses and settlement expenses represents estimates of both reported and unreported claims and related expenses. The estimates are based on various actuarial reserving methodologies and other assumptions related to the ultimate cost to settle such claims. The reserving methodologies used are Loss Development for paid and incurred loss and settlement expense, Expected Loss Ratio for ultimate loss and settlement expense, Bornhuetter-Ferguson (B-F) for paid and incurred loss, and A&OE (also known as the “Wendy Johnson Method”) for unpaid adjusting and other expense. The assumptions used are subject to occasional changes due to evolving economic, social, and political conditions. There were no changes to the core methodologies used as of December 31, 2021. All estimates are periodically reviewed and, as experience develops and new information becomes known, the reserves are adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments are reflected in the results of operations in the period in which they are determined. Due to the inherent uncertainty in estimating reserves for losses and settlement expenses, there can be no assurance that the ultimate liability will not exceed recorded amounts. If actual liabilities do exceed recorded amounts, there will be an adverse effect. Based on the current assumptions used in estimating reserves, we believe that our overall reserve levels at December 31, 2021, make a reasonable provision to meet our future obligations. See Note 7 – Unpaid Losses and Settlement Expenses for further discussion.
Premiums	K. PREMIUMS Premiums are recognized ratably over the term of the contracts, net of ceded reinsurance. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written relative to the unexpired terms of coverage. Unearned premiums are calculated on a daily pro rata basis. A premium deficiency reserve should be recognized if the sum of expected claim costs and claim adjustment expenses, expected dividends to policyholders, unamortized acquisition costs, and maintenance costs exceeds related unearned premiums. The Company utilizes anticipated investment income as a factor in its premium deficiency calculation. The Company concluded that no premium deficiency adjustments were necessary in either of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
General Corporate Expense	L. GENERAL CORPORATE EXPENSES General corporate expenses consist primarily of real estate and occupancy costs, such as utilities and maintenance. These costs do not vary significantly with premium volume but rather with square footage of real estate owned.
Income Taxes	M. INCOME TAXES The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return. Federal income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method under which deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of “temporary differences” by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities, operating losses and tax credit carry forwards. The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not all or some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers uncertainties in income taxes and recognizes those in its consolidated financial statements as required. As it relates to uncertainties in income taxes, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalty accruals, are not considered material to the consolidated financial statements. Also, no tax uncertainties are expected to result in significant increases or decreases to unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12-month period. Penalties and interest related to income tax uncertainties, should they occur, would be included in income tax expense in the period in which they are incurred. ICC is subject to minimal state income tax liabilities. On a state basis, since the majority of income is from insurance operations, the Company pays premium taxes in lieu of state income tax. Premium taxes are a component of policy acquisition costs and calculated as a percentage of gross premiums written.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan	N. EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANThe Company recognizes employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) compensation expense ratably during each year for the shares committed to be allocated to participants that year. This expense is determined by the fair market value of our stock at the time the commitment to allocate the shares is accrued and recognized. For purposes of balance sheet disclosures of shares outstanding, the Company includes only the number of ESOP shares that have been committed to be released for the period. For purposes of calculating earnings per share, the Company includes the weighted average ESOP shares committed to be released for the period. The ESOP covers all employees who have worked a minimum of 1,000 hours in the plan year.
Earnings Per Share	O. EARNINGS PER SHAREBasic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) are calculated by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The denominator for basic and diluted EPS includes ESOP shares committed to be released. Dilutive earnings per share includes the effect of all potentially dilutive instruments, such as restricted stock units (RSUs), outstanding during the period.
Comprehensive Earnings	P. COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS Comprehensive earnings include net earnings plus unrealized gains (losses) on AFS investment securities, net of tax. In reporting the components of comprehensive earnings on a net basis in the consolidated statement of earnings, the Company used a 21% tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020. Other comprehensive earnings, as shown in the consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive earnings, is net of tax (benefit) expense of $(691,157) and $682,142 for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive earnings for unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities: Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 Beginning balance $ 5,520,091 $ 2,953,936 Other comprehensive (loss) earnings before reclassification (2,411,782) 3,019,434 Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings (188,282) (453,279) Net current period other comprehensive (loss) earnings (2,600,064) 2,566,155 Ending balance $ 2,920,027 $ 5,520,091 The following table provides the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the periods presented: Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings Twelve-Month Periods Ended Details about Accumulated Other December 31, Affected Line Item in the StatementComprehensive Earnings Component 2021 2020 where Net Earnings is PresentedUnrealized (gains) on AFS investments: $ (238,332) $ (573,771) Net realized investment (gains) 50,050 120,492 Income tax expenseTotal reclassification adjustment, net of tax $ (188,282) $ (453,279)
Adopted and Prospective Accounting Standards	Q. ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Fair Value Measurement – Disclosure Requirements (ASU 2018-13) – The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding certain disclosures. We adopted this update on January 1, 2020. Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12) – The amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the tax accounting guidance related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities related to foreign investment ownership changes. It also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill and allocating consolidated income taxes to separate financial statements of entities not subject to income tax. We adopted this update January 1, 2021 with minimal impact to our consolidated financial statements. R.PROSPECTIVE ACCOUNTING STANDARDS The dates presented below represent the implementation dates for the Company. The Company’s status as an Emerging Growth Company could delay the required adoption of each of these standards. Leases (ASU 2018-20, ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-01, ASU 2017-13 and ASU 2016-02) – These updates are intended to increase transparency and comparability for lease transactions. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with an original term longer than twelve months and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The updates are effective for the Company as of January 1, 2022. ASU 2016-02 required the adoption on a modified retrospective basis. However, with the issuance of ASU 2018-11, we have the option to recognize the cumulative effect as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the year of adoption, while continuing to present all prior periods under the previous lease guidance. These updates provide optional practical expedients in transition. The effect of applying the new lease guidance on the consolidated financial statements is expected to be minimal due to current and future lease obligations being immaterial. Financial Instruments Credit Losses (ASU 2018-19 and ASU 2016-13) – This update is designed to reduce complexity by limiting the number of credit impairment models used for different assets. The model will result in accelerated credit loss recognition on assets held at amortized cost, which includes our commercial and residential mortgage investments and reinsurance balances recoverable. The identification of credit-deteriorated securities will include all assets that have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit since origination. Additionally, any changes in the expected cash flows of credit-deteriorated securities will be recognized immediately in the income statement. AFS fixed maturity securities are not in scope of the new credit loss model, but will undergo targeted improvements to the current reporting model including the establishment of a valuation allowance for credit losses versus the current direct write down approach. We will be required to adopt this update effective January 1, 2023. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.
Risks and Uncertainties	S. RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES Certain risks and uncertainties are inherent to day-to-day operations and to the process of preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The more significant risks and uncertainties, as well as the Company’s attempt to mitigate, quantify, and minimize such risks, are presented below and throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Catastrophe Exposures The Company’s insurance coverages include exposure to catastrophic events. All catastrophe exposures are monitored by quantifying exposed policy limits in each region and by using computer-assisted modeling techniques. Additionally, the Company limits its risk to such catastrophes through restraining the total policy limits written in each region and by purchasing reinsurance. The Company’s major catastrophe exposure is to losses caused by tornado/hail and freeze to commercial properties throughout the Midwest. The Company had protection of $14 million in excess of $1 million for both the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The catastrophe program is actively managed to keep net retention in line with risk tolerances and to optimize the risk/return trade off. The catastrophe reinsurance treaty renewed on January 1, 2022. Reinsurance Reinsurance does not discharge the Company from its primary liability to policyholders, and to the extent that a reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations, the Company would be liable. On a quarterly basis, the financial condition of prospective and existing reinsurers is monitored. As a result, the Company purchases reinsurance from several financially strong reinsurers. Accordingly, no allowance for reinsurance balances deemed uncollectible has been made. See Note 6 –Reinsurance for further discussion. Investment Risk The investment portfolio is subject to market, credit, and interest rate risks. The equity portfolio will fluctuate with movements in the overall stock market. While the equity portfolio has been constructed to have lower downside risk than the market, the portfolio is sensitive to movements in the market. The bond portfolio is affected by interest rate changes and movement in credit spreads. The Company attempts to mitigate its interest rate and credit risks by constructing a well-diversified portfolio with high-quality securities with varied maturities. Downturns in the financial markets could have a negative effect on the portfolio. However, the Company attempts to manage this risk through asset allocation, duration, and security selection. Liquidity Risk Liquidity is essential to the Company’s business and a key component of the concept of asset-liability matching. The Company’s liquidity may be impaired by an inability to collect premium receivable or reinsurance recoverable balances in a timely manner, an inability to sell assets or redeem investments, unforeseen outflows of cash or large claim payments, or an inability to access debt. Liquidity risk may arise due to circumstances that the Company may be unable to control, such as a general market disruption, an operational problem that affects third parties or the Company, or even by the perception among market participants that the Company, or other market participants, are experiencing greater liquidity risk. The Company’s A.M. Best rating is important to its liquidity. A reduction in credit ratings could adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and competitive position by increasing borrowing costs or limiting access to the capital markets. External Factors The Company is highly regulated by the state of Illinois and by the states in which it underwrites business. Such regulations, among other things, limit the amount of dividends, impose restrictions on the amount and types of investments, and regulate rates insurers may charge for various coverages. The Company is also subject to insolvency and guarantee fund assessments for various programs designed to ensure policyholder indemnification. Assessments are generally accrued during the period in which it becomes probable that a liability has been incurred from an insolvency and the amount of the related assessment can be reasonably estimated. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has developed Property/Casualty Risk-Based Capital (RBC) standards that relate an insurer’s reported statutory surplus to the risks inherent in its overall operations. The RBC formula uses the statutory annual statement to calculate the minimum indicated capital level to support asset (investment and credit) risk and underwriting (loss reserves, premiums written and unearned premium) risk. The NAIC model law calls for various levels of regulatory action based on the magnitude of an indicated RBC capital deficiency, if any. As of December 31, 2021, the Company determined that its capital levels are well in excess of the minimum capital requirements for all RBC action levels and that its capital levels are sufficient to support the level of risk inherent in its operations. See Note 10 – Statutory Information and Dividend Restrictions for further discussion of statutory information and related insurance regulatory restrictions. In addition, ratings are a critical factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. The Company is rated by A.M. Best. This rating reflects their opinion of the insurance company’s financial strength, operating performance, strategic position, and ability to meet its obligations to policyholders.
COVID-19 Risk	COVID-19 Risk The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the U.S. and global economy; disrupted U.S. and global supply chains; lowered equity market valuations; created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets; contributed to a decrease in the rates and yields on U.S. Treasury securities; resulted in ratings downgrades, credit deterioration, and defaults in many industries; increased demands on capital and liquidity; and increased unemployment levels and decreased consumer confidence. In addition, the pandemic has resulted in temporary closures of many businesses, especially bars and restaurants, and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements in many states and communities, including those in our footprint. The pandemic has caused us, and could continue to cause us, to recognize losses in our investment portfolios and increases in our allowance for losses. Furthermore, the pandemic could cause us to recognize impairment of our financial assets. Sustained adverse effects may also increase our cost of capital, prevent us from satisfying our minimum regulatory capital and surplus, or result in downgrades in our A.M. Best ratings. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the continued effectiveness of our business continuity plan, the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on our customers, colleagues, counterparties and service providers, and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. Governmental authorities have taken significant measures to provide economic assistance to individual households and businesses, stabilize the markets, and support economic growth. The success of these measures is unknown, and they may not be sufficient to fully mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic. Additionally, some measures, such as a suspension of insurance premium payments and the reduction in interest rates to near zero, may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations. We also may become subject to legislative and/or regulatory action that retroactively mandates coverage for losses that our insurance policies were not intended or priced to cover, including business interruption claims, despite terms included in our policies to preclude coverage or that creates presumptions of compensability not otherwise present (including for example in workers’ compensations exposures). Regulatory requirements could also impact pricing, risk selection and our rights and obligations with respect to our policies and insureds, including our ability to cancel policies, collect premiums, or requiring us to refund premiums in a manner not otherwise required. We also face an increased risk of litigation and governmental and regulatory scrutiny as a result of the effects of the pandemic on market and economic conditions and actions governmental authorities take in response to those conditions. These potential exposures include direct claims relating to COVID-19 (e.g., business interruption following a shelter in place order) and indirect exposures arising from an economic downturn. The length of the pandemic and the effectiveness of the measures put in place to address it are unknown. Until the effects of the pandemic subside, we could experience reduced revenues in our businesses. To the extent the pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risks and Uncertainties” section and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

A. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS ICC Holdings, Inc. is a Pennsylvania corporation that was organized in 2016. As used in these financial statements, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to the consolidated group. In March 2017, the Company’s stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol “ICCH”. On a stand-alone basis ICC Holdings, Inc. is referred to as the “Parent Company.” The consolidated group consists of the holding company, ICC Holdings, Inc.; ICC Realty, LLC, a real estate services and holding company; Beverage Insurance Agency, Inc., a non-insurance subsidiary; Estrella Innovative Solutions, Inc., an outsourcing company; Southern Hospitality Education, LLC, dba Katkin, a full-service food safety and education company; and Illinois Casualty Company (ICC), an operating insurance company. ICC is an Illinois domiciled company.We are a specialty insurance carrier primarily underwriting commercial multi-peril, liquor liability, workers’ compensation, and umbrella liability coverages for the food and beverage industry through our subsidiary insurance company, ICC. ICC writes business in Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin and markets through independent agents. Approximately 24.0% and 25.0% of the premium was written in Illinois for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company operates as a single segment.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

B. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which differ in some respects from those followed in reports to insurance regulatory authorities. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet, revenues and expenses for the periods then ended, and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein. The most significant of these amounts is the liability for unpaid losses and settlement expenses. Other estimates include investment valuation and other-than-temporary impairments (OTTIs), reinsurance recoverables and the collectability of reinsurance balances, recoverability of deferred tax assets, and deferred policy acquisition costs. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Although recorded estimates are supported by actuarial computations and other supportive data, the estimates are ultimately based on expectations of future events. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.

Investments

C. INVESTMENTS AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale (AFS) and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on these securities are excluded from net earnings but are recorded as a separate component of comprehensive earnings and shareholders’ equity, net of deferred income taxes. EQUITY SECURITIES Equity securities include common stock, mutual funds, and non-redeemable preferred stock. Equity securities are carried at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in net earnings. OTHER-THAN-TEMPORARY IMPAIRMENT Under current accounting standards, an OTTI write-down of fixed maturity securities, where fair value is below amortized cost, is triggered by circumstances where (1) an entity has the intent to sell a security, (2) it is more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis or (3) the entity does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. If an entity intends to sell a security in a loss position or if it is more likely than not the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery, an OTTI write-down is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value. If an entity does not intend to sell the security or it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, the OTTI write-down is separated into an amount representing the credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. Impairment losses result in a reduction of the underlying investment’s cost basis. The Company regularly evaluates its fixed maturity securities using both quantitative and qualitative criteria to determine impairment losses for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of the investments. The following are the key factors for determining if a security is other-than-temporarily impaired:The extent to which the fair value is less than cost, The assessment of significant adverse changes to the cash flows on a fixed maturity investment, The occurrence of a discrete credit event resulting in the issuer defaulting on a material obligation, the issuer seeking protection from creditors under the bankruptcy laws, the issuer proposing a voluntary reorganization under which creditors are asked to exchange their claims for cash or securities having a fair value substantially lower than par value, The probability that the Company will recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed income securities prior to maturity, or The ability and intent to hold fixed maturity securities until maturity. Quantitative and qualitative criteria are considered to varying degrees depending on the sector the analysis is being performed. The sectors are as follows: Corporates The Company performs a qualitative evaluation of holdings that fall below the price threshold. The analysis begins with an opinion of industry and competitive position. This includes an assessment of factors that enable the profit structure of the business (e.g., reserve profile for exploration and production companies), competitive advantage (e.g., distribution system), management strategy, and an analysis of trends in return on invested capital. Analysts may also review other factors to determine whether an impairment exists including liquidity, asset value cash flow generation, and industry multiples. Municipals The Company analyzes the screened impairment candidates on a quantitative and qualitative basis. This includes an assessment of the factors that may be contributing to the unrealized loss and whether the recovery value is greater or less than current market value. Structured Securities The “stated assumptions” analytic approach relies on actual 6-month average collateral performance measures (voluntary prepayment rate, gross default rate, and loss severity) sourced through third party data providers or remittance reports. The analysis applies the stated assumptions throughout the remaining term of the transaction using forecasted cashflows, which are then applied through the transaction structure (reflecting the priority of payments and performance triggers) to determine whether there is a loss to the security (“Loss to Tranche”). For securities or sectors for which no actual loss or minimal loss has been observed (certain Prime Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (RMBS) and Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS), for example), sector-based assumptions are applied, or an alternative quantitative or qualitative analysis is performed. INVESTMENT INCOME Interest on fixed maturities and short-term investments is credited to earnings on an accrual basis. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the lives of the related fixed maturities. Dividends on equity securities are credited to earnings on the ex-dividend date. Realized gains and losses on disposition of investments are based on specific identification of the investments sold on the settlement date, which does not differ significantly from trade date accounting.

Other Invested Assets

D. OTHER INVESTED ASSETS Other invested assets include privately held investments and promissory notes. Privately held investments are carried at cost and given that there is no readily available market for these to trade in, management believes cost accurately reflects fair value. The promissory notes are carried at cost which management believes reflects fair value.

Property Held for Investment

E. PROPERTY HELD FOR INVESTMENT Property held for investment purposes is initially recorded at the purchase price, which is generally fair value, and is subsequently reported at cost less accumulated depreciation. Buildings are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the building, which we estimate to be 39 years. Income from property held for investment is reported as net investment income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

F. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash consists of uninvested balances in bank accounts. Cash equivalents consist of investments with original maturities of 90 days or less, primarily AAA-rated prime and government money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company has not experienced losses on these instruments. We maintain cash balances primarily at one bank, which is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. During the normal course of business, balances are maintained above the FDIC insurance limit.

Reinsurance

G. REINSURANCE Ceded unearned premiums and reinsurance balances recoverable on paid and unpaid losses and settlement expenses are reported separately as assets instead of being netted with the related liabilities, since reinsurance does not relieve us of our legal liability to our policyholders. Quarterly, the Company monitors the financial condition of its reinsurers. The Company’s monitoring efforts include, but are not limited to, the review of annual summarized reinsurer financial data and analysis of the credit risk associated with reinsurance balances recoverable by monitoring the A.M. Best and Standard & Poor’s (S&P) ratings. In addition, the Company subjects its reinsurance recoverables to detailed recoverable tests, including an analysis based on average default by A.M. Best rating. Based upon the review and testing, the Company’s policy is to charge to earnings, in the form of an allowance, an estimate of unrecoverable amounts from reinsurers. This allowance is reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure that the amount makes a reasonable provision for reinsurance balances that the Company may be unable to recover.

Policy Acquisition Costs

H. POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS The Company defers commissions, premium taxes, and certain other costs that are incrementally or directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. Acquisition-related costs may be deemed ineligible for deferral when they are based on contingent or performance criteria beyond the basic acquisition of the insurance contract or when efforts to obtain or renew the insurance contract are unsuccessful. All eligible costs are capitalized and charged to expense in proportion to premium revenue recognized. The method followed in computing deferred policy acquisition costs limits the amount of such deferred costs to their estimated realizable value. This deferral methodology applies to both gross and ceded premiums and acquisition costs.

Property and Equipment

I. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment are presented at cost, less accumulated depreciation, and are depreciated using accelerated methods for financial statement purposes for a period based on their economic life. Computer equipment is depreciated over 3 years and equipment over a range of 5 to 7 years. Buildings are depreciated over 39 years and related improvements over 15 years. Annually, the Company reviews the major asset classes held for impairment. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized no impairments. Property and equipment are summarized as follows: As of December 31, December 31, 2021 2020Automobiles $ 507,889 $ 530,722Furniture and fixtures 512,268 491,766Computer equipment and software 4,350,118 3,971,272Home office 4,016,998 3,946,299Total cost 9,387,273 8,940,059Accumulated depreciation (6,243,055) (6,079,728)Net property and equipment $ 3,144,218 $ 2,860,331

Unpaid Losses and Settlement Expenses

J. UNPAID LOSSES AND SETTLEMENT EXPENSES The liability for unpaid losses and settlement expenses represents estimates of both reported and unreported claims and related expenses. The estimates are based on various actuarial reserving methodologies and other assumptions related to the ultimate cost to settle such claims. The reserving methodologies used are Loss Development for paid and incurred loss and settlement expense, Expected Loss Ratio for ultimate loss and settlement expense, Bornhuetter-Ferguson (B-F) for paid and incurred loss, and A&OE (also known as the “Wendy Johnson Method”) for unpaid adjusting and other expense. The assumptions used are subject to occasional changes due to evolving economic, social, and political conditions. There were no changes to the core methodologies used as of December 31, 2021. All estimates are periodically reviewed and, as experience develops and new information becomes known, the reserves are adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments are reflected in the results of operations in the period in which they are determined. Due to the inherent uncertainty in estimating reserves for losses and settlement expenses, there can be no assurance that the ultimate liability will not exceed recorded amounts. If actual liabilities do exceed recorded amounts, there will be an adverse effect. Based on the current assumptions used in estimating reserves, we believe that our overall reserve levels at December 31, 2021, make a reasonable provision to meet our future obligations. See Note 7 – Unpaid Losses and Settlement Expenses for further discussion.

Premiums

K. PREMIUMS Premiums are recognized ratably over the term of the contracts, net of ceded reinsurance. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written relative to the unexpired terms of coverage. Unearned premiums are calculated on a daily pro rata basis. A premium deficiency reserve should be recognized if the sum of expected claim costs and claim adjustment expenses, expected dividends to policyholders, unamortized acquisition costs, and maintenance costs exceeds related unearned premiums. The Company utilizes anticipated investment income as a factor in its premium deficiency calculation. The Company concluded that no premium deficiency adjustments were necessary in either of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

General Corporate Expense

L. GENERAL CORPORATE EXPENSES General corporate expenses consist primarily of real estate and occupancy costs, such as utilities and maintenance. These costs do not vary significantly with premium volume but rather with square footage of real estate owned.

Income Taxes

M. INCOME TAXES The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return. Federal income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method under which deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of “temporary differences” by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities, operating losses and tax credit carry forwards. The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not all or some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers uncertainties in income taxes and recognizes those in its consolidated financial statements as required. As it relates to uncertainties in income taxes, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalty accruals, are not considered material to the consolidated financial statements. Also, no tax uncertainties are expected to result in significant increases or decreases to unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12-month period. Penalties and interest related to income tax uncertainties, should they occur, would be included in income tax expense in the period in which they are incurred. ICC is subject to minimal state income tax liabilities. On a state basis, since the majority of income is from insurance operations, the Company pays premium taxes in lieu of state income tax. Premium taxes are a component of policy acquisition costs and calculated as a percentage of gross premiums written.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

N. EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANThe Company recognizes employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) compensation expense ratably during each year for the shares committed to be allocated to participants that year. This expense is determined by the fair market value of our stock at the time the commitment to allocate the shares is accrued and recognized. For purposes of balance sheet disclosures of shares outstanding, the Company includes only the number of ESOP shares that have been committed to be released for the period. For purposes of calculating earnings per share, the Company includes the weighted average ESOP shares committed to be released for the period. The ESOP covers all employees who have worked a minimum of 1,000 hours in the plan year.

Earnings Per Share

O. EARNINGS PER SHAREBasic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) are calculated by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The denominator for basic and diluted EPS includes ESOP shares committed to be released. Dilutive earnings per share includes the effect of all potentially dilutive instruments, such as restricted stock units (RSUs), outstanding during the period.

Comprehensive Earnings

P. COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS Comprehensive earnings include net earnings plus unrealized gains (losses) on AFS investment securities, net of tax. In reporting the components of comprehensive earnings on a net basis in the consolidated statement of earnings, the Company used a 21% tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020. Other comprehensive earnings, as shown in the consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive earnings, is net of tax (benefit) expense of $(691,157) and $682,142 for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive earnings for unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities: Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 Beginning balance $ 5,520,091 $ 2,953,936 Other comprehensive (loss) earnings before reclassification (2,411,782) 3,019,434 Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings (188,282) (453,279) Net current period other comprehensive (loss) earnings (2,600,064) 2,566,155 Ending balance $ 2,920,027 $ 5,520,091 The following table provides the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the periods presented: Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings Twelve-Month Periods Ended Details about Accumulated Other December 31, Affected Line Item in the StatementComprehensive Earnings Component 2021 2020 where Net Earnings is PresentedUnrealized (gains) on AFS investments: $ (238,332) $ (573,771) Net realized investment (gains) 50,050 120,492 Income tax expenseTotal reclassification adjustment, net of tax $ (188,282) $ (453,279)

Adopted and Prospective Accounting Standards

Q. ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Fair Value Measurement – Disclosure Requirements (ASU 2018-13) – The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding certain disclosures. We adopted this update on January 1, 2020. Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12) – The amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the tax accounting guidance related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities related to foreign investment ownership changes. It also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill and allocating consolidated income taxes to separate financial statements of entities not subject to income tax. We adopted this update January 1, 2021 with minimal impact to our consolidated financial statements. R.PROSPECTIVE ACCOUNTING STANDARDS The dates presented below represent the implementation dates for the Company. The Company’s status as an Emerging Growth Company could delay the required adoption of each of these standards. Leases (ASU 2018-20, ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-01, ASU 2017-13 and ASU 2016-02) – These updates are intended to increase transparency and comparability for lease transactions. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with an original term longer than twelve months and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The updates are effective for the Company as of January 1, 2022. ASU 2016-02 required the adoption on a modified retrospective basis. However, with the issuance of ASU 2018-11, we have the option to recognize the cumulative effect as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the year of adoption, while continuing to present all prior periods under the previous lease guidance. These updates provide optional practical expedients in transition. The effect of applying the new lease guidance on the consolidated financial statements is expected to be minimal due to current and future lease obligations being immaterial. Financial Instruments Credit Losses (ASU 2018-19 and ASU 2016-13) – This update is designed to reduce complexity by limiting the number of credit impairment models used for different assets. The model will result in accelerated credit loss recognition on assets held at amortized cost, which includes our commercial and residential mortgage investments and reinsurance balances recoverable. The identification of credit-deteriorated securities will include all assets that have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit since origination. Additionally, any changes in the expected cash flows of credit-deteriorated securities will be recognized immediately in the income statement. AFS fixed maturity securities are not in scope of the new credit loss model, but will undergo targeted improvements to the current reporting model including the establishment of a valuation allowance for credit losses versus the current direct write down approach. We will be required to adopt this update effective January 1, 2023. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

Risks and Uncertainties

S. RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES Certain risks and uncertainties are inherent to day-to-day operations and to the process of preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The more significant risks and uncertainties, as well as the Company’s attempt to mitigate, quantify, and minimize such risks, are presented below and throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Catastrophe Exposures The Company’s insurance coverages include exposure to catastrophic events. All catastrophe exposures are monitored by quantifying exposed policy limits in each region and by using computer-assisted modeling techniques. Additionally, the Company limits its risk to such catastrophes through restraining the total policy limits written in each region and by purchasing reinsurance. The Company’s major catastrophe exposure is to losses caused by tornado/hail and freeze to commercial properties throughout the Midwest. The Company had protection of $14 million in excess of $1 million for both the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The catastrophe program is actively managed to keep net retention in line with risk tolerances and to optimize the risk/return trade off. The catastrophe reinsurance treaty renewed on January 1, 2022. Reinsurance Reinsurance does not discharge the Company from its primary liability to policyholders, and to the extent that a reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations, the Company would be liable. On a quarterly basis, the financial condition of prospective and existing reinsurers is monitored. As a result, the Company purchases reinsurance from several financially strong reinsurers. Accordingly, no allowance for reinsurance balances deemed uncollectible has been made. See Note 6 –Reinsurance for further discussion. Investment Risk The investment portfolio is subject to market, credit, and interest rate risks. The equity portfolio will fluctuate with movements in the overall stock market. While the equity portfolio has been constructed to have lower downside risk than the market, the portfolio is sensitive to movements in the market. The bond portfolio is affected by interest rate changes and movement in credit spreads. The Company attempts to mitigate its interest rate and credit risks by constructing a well-diversified portfolio with high-quality securities with varied maturities. Downturns in the financial markets could have a negative effect on the portfolio. However, the Company attempts to manage this risk through asset allocation, duration, and security selection. Liquidity Risk Liquidity is essential to the Company’s business and a key component of the concept of asset-liability matching. The Company’s liquidity may be impaired by an inability to collect premium receivable or reinsurance recoverable balances in a timely manner, an inability to sell assets or redeem investments, unforeseen outflows of cash or large claim payments, or an inability to access debt. Liquidity risk may arise due to circumstances that the Company may be unable to control, such as a general market disruption, an operational problem that affects third parties or the Company, or even by the perception among market participants that the Company, or other market participants, are experiencing greater liquidity risk. The Company’s A.M. Best rating is important to its liquidity. A reduction in credit ratings could adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and competitive position by increasing borrowing costs or limiting access to the capital markets. External Factors The Company is highly regulated by the state of Illinois and by the states in which it underwrites business. Such regulations, among other things, limit the amount of dividends, impose restrictions on the amount and types of investments, and regulate rates insurers may charge for various coverages. The Company is also subject to insolvency and guarantee fund assessments for various programs designed to ensure policyholder indemnification. Assessments are generally accrued during the period in which it becomes probable that a liability has been incurred from an insolvency and the amount of the related assessment can be reasonably estimated. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has developed Property/Casualty Risk-Based Capital (RBC) standards that relate an insurer’s reported statutory surplus to the risks inherent in its overall operations. The RBC formula uses the statutory annual statement to calculate the minimum indicated capital level to support asset (investment and credit) risk and underwriting (loss reserves, premiums written and unearned premium) risk. The NAIC model law calls for various levels of regulatory action based on the magnitude of an indicated RBC capital deficiency, if any. As of December 31, 2021, the Company determined that its capital levels are well in excess of the minimum capital requirements for all RBC action levels and that its capital levels are sufficient to support the level of risk inherent in its operations. See Note 10 – Statutory Information and Dividend Restrictions for further discussion of statutory information and related insurance regulatory restrictions. In addition, ratings are a critical factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. The Company is rated by A.M. Best. This rating reflects their opinion of the insurance company’s financial strength, operating performance, strategic position, and ability to meet its obligations to policyholders.

COVID-19 Risk

COVID-19 Risk The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the U.S. and global economy; disrupted U.S. and global supply chains; lowered equity market valuations; created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets; contributed to a decrease in the rates and yields on U.S. Treasury securities; resulted in ratings downgrades, credit deterioration, and defaults in many industries; increased demands on capital and liquidity; and increased unemployment levels and decreased consumer confidence. In addition, the pandemic has resulted in temporary closures of many businesses, especially bars and restaurants, and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements in many states and communities, including those in our footprint. The pandemic has caused us, and could continue to cause us, to recognize losses in our investment portfolios and increases in our allowance for losses. Furthermore, the pandemic could cause us to recognize impairment of our financial assets. Sustained adverse effects may also increase our cost of capital, prevent us from satisfying our minimum regulatory capital and surplus, or result in downgrades in our A.M. Best ratings. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the continued effectiveness of our business continuity plan, the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on our customers, colleagues, counterparties and service providers, and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. Governmental authorities have taken significant measures to provide economic assistance to individual households and businesses, stabilize the markets, and support economic growth. The success of these measures is unknown, and they may not be sufficient to fully mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic. Additionally, some measures, such as a suspension of insurance premium payments and the reduction in interest rates to near zero, may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations. We also may become subject to legislative and/or regulatory action that retroactively mandates coverage for losses that our insurance policies were not intended or priced to cover, including business interruption claims, despite terms included in our policies to preclude coverage or that creates presumptions of compensability not otherwise present (including for example in workers’ compensations exposures). Regulatory requirements could also impact pricing, risk selection and our rights and obligations with respect to our policies and insureds, including our ability to cancel policies, collect premiums, or requiring us to refund premiums in a manner not otherwise required. We also face an increased risk of litigation and governmental and regulatory scrutiny as a result of the effects of the pandemic on market and economic conditions and actions governmental authorities take in response to those conditions. These potential exposures include direct claims relating to COVID-19 (e.g., business interruption following a shelter in place order) and indirect exposures arising from an economic downturn. The length of the pandemic and the effectiveness of the measures put in place to address it are unknown. Until the effects of the pandemic subside, we could experience reduced revenues in our businesses. To the extent the pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risks and Uncertainties” section and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.