UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-38537

AVROBIO, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	81-0710585
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
100 Technology Square Sixth Floor Cambridge, Massachusetts	02139
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 914-8420

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	AVRO	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 3, 2023, the registrant had 44,530,744 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Balance Sheets	1
	Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	2
	Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	29
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	75
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	75
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	75
Item 5.	Other Information	75
Item 6.	Exhibits	76
	Signatures	77

i

Summary of Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should be aware of in evaluating our business. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

•We may not be successful in identifying and implementing any potential strategic alternatives, and any strategic transactions that we may consummate in the future could have negative consequences.

•Even if we successfully consummate any strategic transaction, or series of transactions, from our strategic assessment, including, but not limited to, an acquisition, merger, a business combination or divestiture, we may fail to realize all or any of the anticipated benefits of any such transaction, such benefits may take longer to realize than expected, we may encounter integration difficulties or we may be exposed to other operational and financial risks.

•If a strategic transaction is not consummated, our board of directors may decide to pursue a dissolution and liquidation. In such an event, the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders will depend significantly on the timing of such liquidation as well as the amount of cash that may need to be reserved for commitments and contingent liabilities.

•The value to stockholders in the event of a strategic transaction or dissolution may depend on the extent to which we will be able to successfully satisfy existing contractual obligations to third parties and regulatory commitments on favorable terms, which may include the outcome of our negotiations to reduce or terminate such commitments.

•We have incurred net losses since inception. We expect to incur net losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

•If we decide to resume development of our product candidates, we will need additional funding, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed may force us to delay, limit or terminate our product development efforts or other operations.

•Business interruptions resulting from the coronavirus disease, or COVID-19 pandemic or similar public health crises have caused and may in the future cause a disruption of the development of our product candidates and adversely impact our business.

•Our hematopoietic stem cell, or HSC, lentiviral-based gene therapy product candidates are based on a novel technology, which makes it difficult to predict the time and cost of product candidate development and of subsequently obtaining regulatory approval, should we resume development of our product candidates.

•Our product candidates and the process for administering our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or result in significant negative consequences following any potential marketing approval, should we decide to resume development of such product candidates.

•Success in preclinical studies or early clinical trials may not be indicative of results obtained in later trials, should we resume development of our product candidates.

•Should we resume development of our product candidates, we may find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials, which could delay or prevent us from proceeding with clinical trials of our product candidates.

•Should we resume development of our product candidates, we may encounter substantial delays in our clinical trials or we may fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities.

•Should we resume development of our product candidates, even if we complete the necessary preclinical and clinical studies, we cannot predict when or if we will obtain regulatory approval to commercialize a product candidate and the approval may be for a narrower indication than anticipated.

•Only two of our clinical trials have utilized our plato® platform.

•We face significant competition in our industry and, should we resume development of our product candidates, there can be no assurance that our product candidates, if approved, will achieve acceptance in the market over existing established therapies. In addition, our competitors may develop therapies that are more advanced or effective than ours, which may adversely affect our ability to successfully market or commercialize any of our product candidates, should we resume development of our product candidates.

•Gene therapies are novel, complex and difficult to manufacture. Should we resume development of our product candidates, we could experience production problems that result in delays in our development or commercialization programs or otherwise adversely affect our business.

ii

•Should we resume development of our product candidates, we expect to rely on third parties to conduct some or all aspects of our vector production, product manufacturing, protocol development, research and preclinical and clinical testing, and these third parties may not perform satisfactorily.

•We have historically relied, and, should we resume development of our product candidates, expect to continue to rely, on sole source suppliers for our automated, closed cell processing system; vector supply; plasmid supply; cell culture media supply; and drug product manufacturing. In addition, we are dependent on a limited number of suppliers for some of our other components and materials used in our product candidates.

•Should we resume development of our product candidates, third-party claims of intellectual property infringement may prevent or delay our development and commercialization efforts.

•Our rights to develop and commercialize our product candidates, should we resume development of our product candidates, are subject, in part, to the terms and conditions of licenses granted to us by others.

•If we experience material weaknesses or deficiencies in the future or otherwise fail to establish and maintain effective internal controls, we may be unable to produce timely and accurate financial statements, and we may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, which could adversely impact our investors’ confidence and our stock price.

•Our failure to meet Nasdaq Global Select Market’s, or Nasdaq, continued listing requirements could result in a delisting of our common stock

The summary risk factors described above should be read together with the text of the full risk factors below, in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as in other documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. The risks summarized above or described in full below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not precisely known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects.

iii

Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These statements may be identified by such forward-looking terminology as “aims,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “continue,” “could,” “designed to,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “goal” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “possible,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “strives,” “should,” “will,” and similar expressions or the negative of these terms. Our forward-looking statements are based on a series of expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our company, are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve substantial risks and uncertainty. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in these forward-looking statements. Our business and our forward-looking statements involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties inherent in our statements regarding:

•substantial uncertainties regarding our exploration of strategic alternatives to maximize stockholder value, including whether we are able to identify and implement any potential strategic alternatives, in a timely manner or at all, whether we realize all or any of the anticipated benefits of any such transaction and whether any such transactions would generate value for stockholders;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or any other public health crisis on our clinical trial programs, should we resume development of our product candidates, clinical supply and business generally;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, the timing, progress and results of preclinical studies and clinical trials for our programs and product candidates, including statements regarding the timing of initiation and completion of studies or trials and related preparatory work, the period during which the results of the trials will become available and our research and development programs;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, the existence or absence of side effects or other properties relating to our product candidates which could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential, or result in significant negative consequences following any potential marketing approval;

•the durability of effects from our product candidates, should we resume development of our product candidates;

•the timing, scope or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, should we resume development of our product candidates;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, the anticipated regulatory pathway for our product candidates and planned interactions with regulatory agencies;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, our ability to develop and advance product candidates into, and successfully complete, clinical studies;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, our expectations regarding the size of the patient populations for our product candidates, if approved for commercial use;

•the implementation of our business model and our strategic plans for our business, product candidates, should we resume development of our product candidates, technology and plato platform;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, our commercialization, marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, the pricing and reimbursement of our product candidates, if approved;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, the scalability and commercial viability of our manufacturing methods and processes, including our move to a closed, automated system;

•should we resume development of our product candidates, the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of our product candidates, in particular, and gene therapy, in general;

•our ability to establish or maintain collaborations or strategic relationships or obtain additional funding;

•our competitive position;

•the scope of protection we and/or our licensors are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our product candidates, should we resume development of our product candidates, as well as any statements as to whether we do or do not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any third-party intellectual property rights;

iv

•our financial performance;

•our ability to retain the continued service of our key professionals and, should we resume development of our product candidates, to identify, hire and retain additional qualified professionals;

•should we resume development of our product candidates. developments and projections relating to our competitors and our industry, including other lentiviral or HSC gene therapy companies;

•our expectations related to the use of our cash reserves;

•our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

•our ability to avoid any findings of material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the future;

•our ability to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq, including a minimum bid price, and to maintain our common stock listing on Nasdaq or any stock exchange;

•the impact of laws and regulations, including without limitation recently enacted tax reform legislation;

•our expectations regarding the time during which we are an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or JOBS Act; and

•other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the caption “Risk Factors.”

All of our forward-looking statements are as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q only. In each case, actual results may differ materially from such forward-looking information. We can give no assurance that such expectations or forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. An occurrence of or any material adverse change in one or more of the risk factors or risks and uncertainties referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or included in our other public disclosures or our other periodic reports or other documents or filings filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Except as required by law, we do not undertake or plan to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in plans, assumptions, estimates or projections or other circumstances affecting such forward-looking statements occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if such results, changes or circumstances make it clear that any forward-looking information will not be realized. Any public statements or disclosures by us following this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that modify or impact any of the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will be deemed to modify or supersede such statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Note Regarding Trademarks

All brand names or trademarks appearing in this Quarterly Report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to AVROBIO, Inc.

v

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	124,689		$	92,563
Restricted cash		283			283
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,871			7,112
Total current assets		128,843			99,958
Operating lease assets		2,267			1,057
Property and equipment, net		2,285			2,894
Restricted cash, net of current portion		400			—
Other assets		40			40
Total assets	$	133,835		$	103,949
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,071		$	384
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		8,343			11,732
Operating lease liabilities		2,250			999
Total current liabilities		11,664			13,115
Note payable, net of discount		—			15,276
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		134			188
Total liabilities		11,798			28,579
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 150,000 shares authorized; 44,308 and 43,916 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		4			4
Additional paid-in capital		568,946			564,798
Accumulated deficit		(446,913	)		(489,432	)
Total stockholders’ equity		122,037			75,370
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	133,835		$	103,949

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	11,148		$	18,877		$	28,481		$	38,130
General and administrative		4,581			8,897			12,468			19,062
Total operating expenses		15,729			27,774			40,949			57,192
Gain on asset sale		83,736			—			83,736			—
Income (loss) from operations		68,007			(27,774	)		42,787			(57,192	)
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net		(495	)		(285	)		(247	)		(655	)
Other (expense) income, net		(36	)		5			(21	)		(40	)
Total other expense, net		(531	)		(280	)		(268	)		(695	)
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	67,476		$	(28,054	)	$	42,519		$	(57,887	)
Earnings per share:
Net income (loss) per share applicable to common stockholders—basic	$	1.53		$	(0.64	)	$	0.96		$	(1.32	)
Net income (loss) per share applicable to common stockholders—diluted	$	1.52		$	(0.64	)	$	0.96		$	(1.32	)
Shares used in computing earnings per share:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—basic		44,134			43,696			44,086			43,696
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted		44,281			43,696			44,271			43,696

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance as of March 31, 2022		43,696	$	4	$	556,534	$	(413,375	)	$	143,163
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		3,234		—			3,234
Net loss		—		—		—		(28,054	)		(28,054	)
Balance as of June 30, 2022		43,696	$	4	$	559,768	$	(441,429	)	$	118,343

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2021		43,652	$	4	$	553,014	$	(383,542	)	$	169,476
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		6,611		—			6,611
Issuance of common stock under the 2018 employee stock purchase plan		44		—		143		—			143
Net loss		—		—		—		(57,887	)		(57,887	)
Balance as of June 30, 2022		43,696	$	4	$	559,768	$	(441,429	)	$	118,343

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance as of March 31, 2023		44,088	$	4	$	567,383	$	(514,389	)	$	52,998
Vesting of restricted stock units		149		—		—		—			—
Exercise of stock options		71		—		29		—			29
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		1,534		—			1,534
Net income		—		—		—		67,476			67,476
Balance as of June 30, 2023		44,308	$	4	$	568,946	$	(446,913	)	$	122,037

3

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022		43,916	$	4	$	564,798	$	(489,432	)	$	75,370
Vesting of restricted stock units		254		—		—		—			—
Exercise of stock options		117		—		71		—			71
Issuance of common stock under the 2018 employee stock purchase plan		21		—		13		—			13
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		4,064		—			4,064
Net income		—		—		—		42,519			42,519
Balance as of June 30, 2023		44,308	$	4	$	568,946	$	(446,913	)	$	122,037

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	42,519		$	(57,887	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Gain on asset sale		(83,736	)		—
Stock-based compensation expense		4,064			6,611
Depreciation and amortization expense		617			753
Non-cash interest expense		1,074			159
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		—			9
Deferred rent expense		—			(97	)
Non-cash lease expense		1,182			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,241			(94	)
Other assets		—			21
Accounts payable		687			(3,458	)
Current and non-current operating lease liabilities		(1,195	)		—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(3,389	)		(3,137	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(34,936	)		(57,120	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from asset sale, net		83,736			—
Purchases of property and equipment		(8	)		(181	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		83,728			(181	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of note payable, including end of term charge		(16,350	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		71			—
Proceeds from issuance of ESPP shares		13			143
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(16,266	)		143
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		32,526			(57,158	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		92,846			190,059
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	125,372		$	132,901
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	—		$	73
Interest paid		831			628
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	124,689		$	132,409
Restricted cash		683			492
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	125,372		$	132,901

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

AVROBIO, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

1. Nature of the Business

AVROBIO, Inc. (the “Company” or “AVROBIO”) is a clinical-stage gene therapy company which has been focused on developing potentially curative ex vivo lentiviral gene therapies to treat rare diseases following a single dose treatment regimen.

On July 12, 2023, following a comprehensive review of the Company’s business by its Board of Directors (the “Board”), the Company announced its intention to halt development of its programs and explore strategic alternatives focused on maximizing stockholder value, which may include, but are not limited to, an acquisition, a merger, business combination or divestiture. See Note 13 for further discussion.

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties including, should it resume development of its product candidates, risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including but not limited to, risks associated with completing preclinical studies and clinical trials, receiving regulatory approvals for product candidates, development by competitors of new biopharmaceutical products, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Should the Company resume development of its product candidates, significant additional research and development efforts, including preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval, prior to commercialization, would be required. These efforts would require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure and extensive compliance-reporting capabilities. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, should the Company resume development of its product candidates, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company would realize revenue from product sales.

In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued.

The Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to research and development, business planning, acquiring operating assets, seeking protection for its technology and product candidates, and raising capital. Since inception, the Company has had recurring losses and has funded its operations through sales of preferred stock and common stock, a term loan facility and the sale of the Company’s cystinosis gene therapy program (designated AVR-RD-04) and all other assets of the Company specifically related to this program. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $446,913. The Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents of $124,689 as of June 30, 2023 will be sufficient to fund current planned operations and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months from the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). However, the future viability of the Company is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. The Company’s inability to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on its financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategies. There can be no assurance that the current operating plan will be achieved or that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

On May 19, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Novartis Pharma AG and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (collectively, “Novartis”), providing for the sale of the Company’s cystinosis gene therapy program (designated AVR-RD-04) and all other assets of the Company specifically related to this program. The aggregate consideration to the Company consisted of a cash payment of $87,500 upon closing of the transaction. The Company completed the Asset Sale (defined below) on June 9, 2023 and recognized $83,736 as a gain on asset sale, net of $3,764 transaction costs, in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. See Note 3 for further discussion.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (the “unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements”) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

AVROBIO, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2023, and the results of its operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, its statements of stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and its statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2023.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2023, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Segment Information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the chief executive officer (“CEO”). The Company and the CEO view the Company’s operations and manage its business as one operating segment. All material long-lived assets of the Company reside in the United States.

7

AVROBIO, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the Company make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments and methodologies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known.

Significant estimates relied upon in preparing the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the determination of the fair value of share-based awards issued and the estimation of accrued research and development expenses.

Stock-based Compensation

For stock-based awards issued to employees and members of the Company’s Board for their services on the Board, the Company measures the estimated fair value of the stock-based award on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense for those awards over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. The Company issues stock-based awards with only service-based vesting conditions and records the expense for these awards using the straight-line method. The Company has not issued any stock-based awards with performance- or market-based vesting conditions. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Prior to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, the measurement date for non-employee awards was generally the date the services are completed, resulting in financial reporting period adjustments to stock-based compensation during the vesting terms for changes in the fair value of the awards. After adoption of ASU 2018-07, the measurement date for non-employee awards is the later of the adoption date of ASU 2018-07, or the date of grant, without change in the fair value of the award. For stock-based awards granted to nonemployees subject to graded vesting that only contain service conditions, the Company has elected to recognize stock-based compensation expense using the straight-line recognition method.

The Company classifies stock-based compensation expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the same manner in which the award recipient’s cash compensation costs are classified.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. The Company may take advantage of these exemptions until the Company is no longer an “emerging growth company.” Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act for the implementation of new or revised accounting standards. The Company has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and as a result of this election, its consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. The Company may take advantage of these exemptions up until the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of its IPO or such earlier time that it is no longer an “emerging growth company.”

Subsequent Event Considerations

The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements to provide additional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated as required.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

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AVROBIO, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, or ASU 2016-13. ASU 2016-13 requires that credit losses be reported as an allowance using an expected losses model, representing the entity's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, this standard now requires allowances to be recorded instead of reducing the amortized cost of the investment. On January 1, 2023 the Company adopted this standard, which had no impact on its financial position or results of operations.

In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses,” or ASU 2019-11. ASU 2019-11 is an accounting pronouncement that amends ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments update guidance on reporting credit losses for financial assets. These amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. On January 1, 2023 the Company adopted this standard, which had no impact on its financial position or results of operations.

3. License and Purchase Agreements

Agreement with The University of Manchester

On September 30, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement (“MPSII License Agreement”) with The University of Manchester, England (“UoM”), whereby UoM granted to the Company an exclusive worldwide license under certain patent and other intellectual property rights, subject to certain retained rights, to develop, commercialize and sell an ex vivo lentiviral gene therapy for use in the treatment of Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (“MPSII”). As consideration for the MPSII License Agreement, the Company agreed to pay UoM an upfront, one-time fee of $8,000, which was recognized as research and development expense during the year ended December 31, 2020.

As part of the agreement, the Company is obligated to make milestone payments of up to an aggregate of $80,000 upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones, to pay royalties, on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, of a mid-single digit percentage based on net sales of products licensed under the agreement and to pay a low double digit percentage of any sublicense fees received by the Company. During the third quarter of 2022, a $2,000 milestone payment under the MPSII License Agreement became due following the date of regulatory approval of the CTA for the investigator-sponsored Phase 1/2 clinical trial sponsored by UoM. The next anticipated payment milestones under the MPSII License Agreement is $4,000 upon the dosing of the first patient in the investigator-sponsored Phase 1/2 clinical trial sponsored by UoM.

Unless terminated earlier, the agreement expires upon the later of 15 years from the effective date or the expiration of the last valid claim of the licensed patents, subject to certain surviving rights and obligations. UoM and the Company can each terminate the agreement in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party, or a material breach by the other party and failure to cure such breach within a certain period of time. UoM has the right to terminate the agreement in the event of certain actions relating to challenge or opposition to the licensed intellectual property brought by the Company or its affiliates or sublicensees.

Concurrently with the MPSII License Agreement, the Company entered into a collaborative research funding agreement with UoM (“CRFA”). Under the CRFA, the Company has agreed to fund the budgeted costs of an investigator-sponsored Phase 1/2 clinical trial to be sponsored by UoM in connection with the development activities under the MPSII License Agreement, which are currently expected to equal approximately £9,900 in the aggregate.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not incur costs related to the CRFA. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company incurred $417 related to the CRFA. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred $1,610 and $1,380 related to the CRFA, respectively.

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AVROBIO, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Agreements with University Health Network (“UHN”)

Fabry License Agreement—

On January 27, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with UHN, pursuant to which UHN granted the Company an option to enter into an exclusive license under the UHN intellectual property related to Fabry disease in accordance with the pre-negotiated licensing terms. On November 4, 2016, the Company exercised its option and entered into a license agreement with UHN, pursuant to which UHN granted the Company an exclusive worldwide license under certain intellectual property rights and a non-exclusive worldwide license under certain know-how, in each case subject to certain retained rights, to develop, commercialize and sell products for use in the treatment of Fabry disease. In addition, for three years following the execution of the agreement, UHN granted the Company an exclusive option to obtain a license under certain improvements to the licensed intellectual property rights as well as an option to negotiate a license under certain other improvements.

Under this agreement, the Company paid an option fee of CAD $20, an upfront license fee of CAD $75, plus the annual license maintenance fee for the first year. Thereafter, the Company is also required to pay UHN future annual license maintenance fees until the first sale of a licensed product in certain markets. The Company is also obligated to make future milestone payments in an aggregate amount of up to CAD $2,450 upon the achievement of specified milestones as well as royalties on a country-by-country basis of a low to mid-single-digit percentage of annual net sales of licensed products and a lower single-digit royalty percentage in certain circumstances. Additionally, the Company has agreed to pay a low double-digit royalty percentage of all sublicensing revenue.

The agreement requires the Company to meet certain performance milestones within specified timeframes. UHN may terminate the agreement if the Company fails to meet these performance milestones despite using commercially reasonable efforts and the Company is unable to reach agreement with UHN on revised timeframes. The Company’s royalty obligation expires on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis upon the latest to occur of the expiration or termination of the last valid claim under the licensed intellectual property rights in such country, the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of such licensed product in such country and the expiration of any applicable regulatory exclusivity in such country.

Unless terminated earlier, the agreement expires upon the expiration of the Company’s royalty obligation for all licensed products. UHN can terminate the agreement if the Company fails to make any payments within a specified period after receiving written notice of such failure, or in the event that the Company fails to obtain or maintain insurance. Either the Company or UHN may terminate the license agreement in the event of a material breach by the other party and failure to cure such breach within a certain period of time. The Company can voluntarily terminate the agreement with prior notice to UHN.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not incur any research and development expense related to this agreement with UHN for reimbursable funded study trial costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded research and development expense related to this agreement with UHN of $34 and $24, respectively, which consists of reimbursable funded study trial costs. No milestone or maintenance fees were incurred related to this agreement in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Interleukin 12 License Agreement—

On January 27, 2016, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with UHN, pursuant to which UHN granted the Company a license to certain patent rights for the commercial development, manufacture, distribution and use of any products or processes resulting from development of those patent rights related to Interleukin 12. Upon execution of this agreement, the Company paid an upfront license fee of CAD $264. In addition, as part of the initial consideration for the license, the Company issued to UHN 1,161,665 shares of the Company’s common stock and agreed to pay UHN up to $2,000 upon the closing of an IPO if certain criteria are met. The fair value of the shares issued to UHN of $480 and the upfront fee was expensed upon the execution of the agreement. Upon the closing of the IPO in 2018, as the criteria were met, the Company paid UHN $2,000. The Company is also required to pay UHN future annual license maintenance fees of CAD $50 on each anniversary of the effective date of the license agreement prior to expiration or termination and potential future milestone payments of up to CAD $19,275 upon the achievement of specified clinical and regulatory milestones. The Company also agreed to pay UHN royalties of a low single-digit percentage of net sales of licensed products sold by the Company. If the Company grants any sublicense rights under the license agreement, the Company has agreed to pay UHN a low double-digit royalty percentage of any sublicense income received by the Company.

10

AVROBIO, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The agreement requires the Company to meet certain diligence requirements based upon specified milestones. The agreement expires on the later of the date the last patent rights expire in the last country or ten years from the date of first sale. UHN can terminate the agreement if the Company fails to make any payments within a specified period after receiving written notice of such failure, or in the event that the Company fails to obtain or maintain insurance. The Company can voluntarily terminate the agreement with prior notice to UHN. Either the Company or UHN may terminate the license agreement in the event of a material breach by the other party and failure to cure such breach within a certain period of time.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 the Company did not incur any costs related to this agreement with UHN. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded research and development expense related to this agreement with UHN of $39. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded research and development expense related to this agreement with UHN of $37 and $39, respectively. No milestone fees were incurred related to this agreement in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Agreement with BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (“BioMarin”)

On August 31, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with BioMarin, pursuant to which BioMarin granted the Company an exclusive worldwide license under certain intellectual property rights