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S-1 JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. DE 47-4828381 Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. 1001 North US HWY 1 Suite 504 Jupiter FL 33477 (561) 406-6154 Christer Rosén Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. 1001 North US HWY 1 Suite 504 Jupiter FL 33477 (561) 406-6154 Non-accelerated Filer true true false

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<p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock_ziTGjvBaFJfi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. (the “Company”) is a clinical stage research and development pharmaceutical company located in Jupiter, Florida. The Company incorporated in Delaware in January 2016. The Company has developed a unique resveratrol platform product primarily targeting treatment of neuro-inflammation. The product candidate, called JOTROL, has many potential indications of use for rare diseases. We are primarily targeting Mucopolysaccharidoses Type 1, Friedreich’s Ataxia, and MELAS. In the larger disease areas, we are primarily targeting Parkinson’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment/early Alzheimer’s disease. On August 30, 2021, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation with the State of Delaware to change its name from Jupiter Orphan Therapeutics, Inc. to Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. JOTROL has the potential to deliver a therapeutically effective dose of resveratrol in the blood stream, using a unique patented micellar formulation, without causing gastrointestinal side effects. We expect JOTROL, based on the results of our Phase I study, will resolve the major obstacle of resveratrol’s poor bioavailability, which has been documented in various scientific articles describing previously conducted human trials with resveratrol as well as preclinical trial results in mice and rats. The Company’s activities and operations include a project funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging, an institute of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (“NIH”): Safety and Pharmacokinetics of JOTROL for Alzheimer’s Disease, Federal Award Identification Number R44AG067907-01A1 (the “Award”). The project encompassed a Phase 1 dose finding pharmacokinetics (“PK”) study which was completed before December 31, 2021. The award end date was May 31, 2022. This Phase 1 PK study will be homogeneous for all indications where JOTROL will be used in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. On January 9, 2020, the Company effected a three-for-one (3:1) forward stock split whereby the Company (i) increased the number of authorized shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, to 25,000,000 from 5,000,000 and (ii) increased by a ratio of three-for-one (3:1) the number of retroactively issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Proportional adjustments for the forward stock split were made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. On November 11, 2021, the Company increased the number of authorized shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, to 45,000,000 from 25,000,000. On January 25, 2022, the Company effected a one-for-two (1:2) reverse stock split whereby the Company (i) decreased the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock, $0.0001 per share, from 13,076,608 to 6,538,304 and (ii) decreased by a ratio of one-for two (1:2) the number of retroactively issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Proportional adjustments for the reverse stock split were made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. All share and per-share data and amounts have been retroactively adjusted as of the earliest period presented in the financial statements to reflect the reverse stock split. On June 14, 2024, the Company increased the number of authorized shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, to 125,000,000 from 45,000,000. On June 14, 2024, the Company effected a fifteen-for-four (15:4) forward stock split whereby the Company (i) increased the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, from 8,033,706 to 30,126,413 and (ii) increased by a ratio of fifteen-for-four (15:4) the number of retroactively issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Proportional adjustments for the forward stock split were made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. All share and per-share data and amounts have been retroactively adjusted as of the earliest period presented in the financial statements to reflect the forward stock split. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023

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Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies Basis of presentation and Going Concern The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). U.S GAAP contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no revenues from product sales and incurred a net loss of $2,439,625 and $4,783,689, respectively. Net cash used in operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3,911,004 and $480,953, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a working capital surplus and accumulated deficit of $2,641,110 and $26,022,129, respectively. The Company plans to finance future operations with proceeds from equity securities, grant awards and strategic collaborations. However, there is no assurance the Company will be successful. It is the management’s opinion that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this report. Basis of Presentation The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Business Segment The Company uses the “management approach” to identify its reportable segments. The management approach requires companies to report segment financial information consistent with information used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the basis for identifying the Company’s reportable segments. The Company has identified one single reportable operating segment. The Company manages its business on the basis of one operating and reportable segment and derives revenues from selling its product and related services. Use of Estimates Preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and those estimates may be material. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions, which include both quantitative and qualitative assessments that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, include valuation of stock-based compensation, uncertain tax positions, and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments that have maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company invested a portion of cash balances in a high yield savings account, which are included as cash equivalents on the balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the cash balances exceed the FDIC limit of $250,000 by $3,519,510 and $0, respectively. Prepaid Contracts Prepaid contracts generally represent service agreements which the Company would receive services over a period of time and are expensed as the services are received. The Company’s prepaid contracts are related to service agreements that span over three years, therefore the expense will be recognized over the three year term. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets generally represent payments made for goods or services to be received within one year and are expensed as the related benefit is received. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as subject enrollment, monitoring visits, clinical site activations, or information provided to us by our vendors with respect to their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected in the financial statements as prepaid or accrued research and development expense, as the case may be. Total research and development costs for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 were $492,660 and $954,793, respectively. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of net operating loss carryforwards. The impact of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred taxes, if any, applied during the years in which temporary differences are expected to be settled, is reflected in the financial statements in the period of enactment. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, if, based on weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance is necessary for the net deferred tax assets. The Company had no material amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions, interest or penalties in the accompanying financial statements. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. Our tax years for 2021 and forward are subject to examination by tax authorities. The Company is not currently under examination by any tax authority. Loss Per Share of Common Stock Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as convertible preferred stock, convertible notes payable, warrants, stock options, and unvested restricted stock, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock, as calculated using the treasury method. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation. As of December 31, 2024, there were <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_pid_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zNE49ns3U4B9" title="Warrants Outstanding">1,359,375 warrants outstanding, <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_z03TjyL3Yc98">1,626,037 restricted stock units and <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z4wlXi3HPKsk">10,633,988 stock options. These securities are considered dilutive securities which were excluded from the computation since the effect is anti-dilutive. As of December 31, 2023, there were <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_pid_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zXfkkLifXH5f" title="Anti dilutive securities">1,359,375 warrants outstanding, <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zepYbfdYaZIf" title="Anti dilutive securities">1,618,537 restricted stock units, and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zqsuY2hhix84" title="Anti dilutive securities">10,336,882 stock options and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleDebtSecuritiesMember_zyG7z0uRdajb" title="Anti dilutive securities">14 convertible notes payable, which are convertible into restricted fully-paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s common stock or units of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, if units are offered in the Initial Public Offering equal to the indebtedness divided by 70% of the offering price paid per share of at which the IPO is made. These securities are considered dilutive securities which were excluded from the computation since the effect is anti-dilutive. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, or ASC 718, which requires the recognition of expense related to the fair value of stock-based awards in the statements of operations. For stock options issued to employees, non-employees and members of our board of directors, the Company estimates the grant-date fair value of options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates, and, for grants prior to our initial public offering, the value of the common stock. For awards subject to time-based vesting, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting term of the award. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Clinical Trial Expenses As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, the Company is required to estimate expenses resulting from obligations under contracts with vendors, clinical research organizations and consultants and under clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations, which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. The Company’s objective is to reflect the appropriate trial expenses in the financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which services are performed and efforts are expended. The Company accounts for these expenses according to the progress of the trial as measured by patient progression and the timing of various aspects of the trial. The Company determines accrual estimates based on estimates of services received and efforts expended that take into account discussion with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state of consummation of trials. During the course of a clinical trial, the Company adjusts the clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates. The Company makes estimates of the accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known at that time. The clinical trial accruals are dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of contract research organizations and other third-party vendors. Although the Company does not expect the estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in reporting amounts that are too high or too low for any particular period. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with US GAAP. For certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Amounts recorded for notes payable, net of discount, and loans payable also approximate fair value because current interest rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities are substantially the same. The Company follows accounting guidance for financial assets and liabilities. This standard defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. This standard does not require any new fair value measurements, but rather applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. This guidance does not apply to measurements related to share-based payments. This guidance discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). The guidance utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into six broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore developed using estimates and assumptions developed by us, which reflect those that a market participant would use. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements, continued <p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock_zpHooBD5Gk84" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table represents the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period for each fair value hierarchy level: Schedule of Fair Value Hierarchy Level Financial Instruments <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20241231_zkCoG9Unyecg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Derivative Liability December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231231_z1fdH26THSu2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Derivative Liability December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_zihbfz8l8rJj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level I</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member_znU5IyexNQa9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level II</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member_zYUMDArLRuId" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 50%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level III</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zglnmqtx7L5i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Also see Note 5 - Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability. Derivative Instruments ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC Topic 815”), establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities by requiring that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings. On the date of conversion or payoff of debt, the Company records the fair value of the conversion shares, removes the fair value of the related derivative liability, removes any discounts and records a net gain or loss on debt extinguishment. On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2017-11 under which down-round Features in Financial Instruments will no longer cause derivative treatment. The Company applies the modified prospective method of adoption. There were no cumulative effects on adoption. Convertible Notes with Embedded Derivative Liabilities The Company has entered into convertible notes, some of which contain variable conversion options, whereby the outstanding principle and accrued interest may be converted, by the holder, into shares of common stock at a fixed discount to the price of the common stock at or around the time of conversion upon certain trigger events. The Company evaluates all its financial instruments to determine if those contracts or any potential embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815-10 – Derivative and Hedging – Contract in Entity’s Own Equity. This accounting treatment requires that the carrying amount of any derivatives be recorded at fair value at issuance and marked-to-market at each balance sheet date. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, as is the case with the Company, the change in the fair value during the period is recorded as either other income or expense. Upon conversion, exercise or repayment, the respective derivative liability is marked to fair value at the conversion, repayment, or exercise date and then the related fair value amount is reclassified to other income or expense as part of gain or loss on debt extinguishment. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Leases In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The updated guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for most operating leases. In addition, the updated guidance requires that lessors separate lease and non-lease components in a contract in accordance with the new revenue guidance in ASC 606. Operating lease ROU assets represent the right to use the leased asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the adoption date in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company has reviewed the FASB issued ASU accounting pronouncements and interpretations thereof that have effectiveness dates during the periods reported and in future periods. The Company has carefully considered the new pronouncements that alter previous generally accepted accounting principles and do not believe that any new or modified principles will have a material impact on the Company’s reported financial position or operations in the near term. The applicability of any standard is subject to the formal review of the Company’s financial management. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) – Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for the exceptions. The ASU also simplifies the diluted net income per share calculation in certain areas. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company’s adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic ASC 280) Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosure about significant segment expenses. The enhancements under this update require disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, require disclosure of other segment items by reportable segment and a description of the composition of other segment items, require annual disclosures under ASC 280 to be provided in interim periods, clarify use of more than one measure of segment profit or loss by the CODM, require that the title of the CODM be disclosed with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss to make decisions, and require that entities with a single reportable segment provide all disclosures required by this update and required under ASC 280. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for the annual period ending December 31, 2024. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer serves as the CODM. All other newly issued accounting pronouncements that are not yet effective have been deemed immaterial or nonapplicable.

Basis of presentation and Going Concern The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). U.S GAAP contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no revenues from product sales and incurred a net loss of $2,439,625 and $4,783,689, respectively. Net cash used in operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3,911,004 and $480,953, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a working capital surplus and accumulated deficit of $2,641,110 and $26,022,129, respectively. The Company plans to finance future operations with proceeds from equity securities, grant awards and strategic collaborations. However, there is no assurance the Company will be successful. It is the management’s opinion that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this report.

-2439625

-4783689

-3911004

-480953

2641110

-26022129

Basis of Presentation The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

Business Segment The Company uses the “management approach” to identify its reportable segments. The management approach requires companies to report segment financial information consistent with information used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the basis for identifying the Company’s reportable segments. The Company has identified one single reportable operating segment. The Company manages its business on the basis of one operating and reportable segment and derives revenues from selling its product and related services.

Use of Estimates Preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and those estimates may be material. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions, which include both quantitative and qualitative assessments that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, include valuation of stock-based compensation, uncertain tax positions, and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments that have maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company invested a portion of cash balances in a high yield savings account, which are included as cash equivalents on the balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the cash balances exceed the FDIC limit of $250,000 by $3,519,510 and $0, respectively.

250000

3519510

Prepaid Contracts Prepaid contracts generally represent service agreements which the Company would receive services over a period of time and are expensed as the services are received. The Company’s prepaid contracts are related to service agreements that span over three years, therefore the expense will be recognized over the three year term. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets generally represent payments made for goods or services to be received within one year and are expensed as the related benefit is received.

Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as subject enrollment, monitoring visits, clinical site activations, or information provided to us by our vendors with respect to their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected in the financial statements as prepaid or accrued research and development expense, as the case may be. Total research and development costs for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 were $492,660 and $954,793, respectively. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued

492660

954793

Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of net operating loss carryforwards. The impact of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred taxes, if any, applied during the years in which temporary differences are expected to be settled, is reflected in the financial statements in the period of enactment. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, if, based on weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance is necessary for the net deferred tax assets. The Company had no material amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions, interest or penalties in the accompanying financial statements. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. Our tax years for 2021 and forward are subject to examination by tax authorities. The Company is not currently under examination by any tax authority.

Loss Per Share of Common Stock Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as convertible preferred stock, convertible notes payable, warrants, stock options, and unvested restricted stock, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock, as calculated using the treasury method. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation. As of December 31, 2024, there were <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_pid_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zNE49ns3U4B9" title="Warrants Outstanding">1,359,375 warrants outstanding, <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_z03TjyL3Yc98">1,626,037 restricted stock units and <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z4wlXi3HPKsk">10,633,988 stock options. These securities are considered dilutive securities which were excluded from the computation since the effect is anti-dilutive. As of December 31, 2023, there were <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_pid_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zXfkkLifXH5f" title="Anti dilutive securities">1,359,375 warrants outstanding, <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zepYbfdYaZIf" title="Anti dilutive securities">1,618,537 restricted stock units, and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zqsuY2hhix84" title="Anti dilutive securities">10,336,882 stock options and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleDebtSecuritiesMember_zyG7z0uRdajb" title="Anti dilutive securities">14 convertible notes payable, which are convertible into restricted fully-paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s common stock or units of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, if units are offered in the Initial Public Offering equal to the indebtedness divided by 70% of the offering price paid per share of at which the IPO is made. These securities are considered dilutive securities which were excluded from the computation since the effect is anti-dilutive.

1359375

1626037

10633988

1359375

1618537

10336882

0.70

Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, or ASC 718, which requires the recognition of expense related to the fair value of stock-based awards in the statements of operations. For stock options issued to employees, non-employees and members of our board of directors, the Company estimates the grant-date fair value of options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates, and, for grants prior to our initial public offering, the value of the common stock. For awards subject to time-based vesting, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting term of the award. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Clinical Trial Expenses As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, the Company is required to estimate expenses resulting from obligations under contracts with vendors, clinical research organizations and consultants and under clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations, which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. The Company’s objective is to reflect the appropriate trial expenses in the financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which services are performed and efforts are expended. The Company accounts for these expenses according to the progress of the trial as measured by patient progression and the timing of various aspects of the trial. The Company determines accrual estimates based on estimates of services received and efforts expended that take into account discussion with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state of consummation of trials. During the course of a clinical trial, the Company adjusts the clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates. The Company makes estimates of the accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known at that time. The clinical trial accruals are dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of contract research organizations and other third-party vendors. Although the Company does not expect the estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in reporting amounts that are too high or too low for any particular period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with US GAAP. For certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Amounts recorded for notes payable, net of discount, and loans payable also approximate fair value because current interest rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities are substantially the same. The Company follows accounting guidance for financial assets and liabilities. This standard defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. This standard does not require any new fair value measurements, but rather applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. This guidance does not apply to measurements related to share-based payments. This guidance discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). The guidance utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into six broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore developed using estimates and assumptions developed by us, which reflect those that a market participant would use. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements, continued <p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock_zpHooBD5Gk84" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table represents the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period for each fair value hierarchy level: Schedule of Fair Value Hierarchy Level Financial Instruments <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20241231_zkCoG9Unyecg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Derivative Liability December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231231_z1fdH26THSu2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Derivative Liability December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_zihbfz8l8rJj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level I</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member_znU5IyexNQa9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level II</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member_zYUMDArLRuId" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 50%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level III</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zglnmqtx7L5i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Also see Note 5 - Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability.

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsInStatementOfFinancialPositionFairValueTextBlock_zpHooBD5Gk84" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table represents the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period for each fair value hierarchy level: Schedule of Fair Value Hierarchy Level Financial Instruments <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20241231_zkCoG9Unyecg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Derivative Liability December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231231_z1fdH26THSu2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Derivative Liability December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member_zihbfz8l8rJj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level I</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member_znU5IyexNQa9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level II</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_hus-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member_zYUMDArLRuId" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 50%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Level III</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zglnmqtx7L5i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

1505398

Derivative Instruments ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC Topic 815”), establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities by requiring that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings. On the date of conversion or payoff of debt, the Company records the fair value of the conversion shares, removes the fair value of the related derivative liability, removes any discounts and records a net gain or loss on debt extinguishment. On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2017-11 under which down-round Features in Financial Instruments will no longer cause derivative treatment. The Company applies the modified prospective method of adoption. There were no cumulative effects on adoption.

Convertible Notes with Embedded Derivative Liabilities The Company has entered into convertible notes, some of which contain variable conversion options, whereby the outstanding principle and accrued interest may be converted, by the holder, into shares of common stock at a fixed discount to the price of the common stock at or around the time of conversion upon certain trigger events. The Company evaluates all its financial instruments to determine if those contracts or any potential embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815-10 – Derivative and Hedging – Contract in Entity’s Own Equity. This accounting treatment requires that the carrying amount of any derivatives be recorded at fair value at issuance and marked-to-market at each balance sheet date. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, as is the case with the Company, the change in the fair value during the period is recorded as either other income or expense. Upon conversion, exercise or repayment, the respective derivative liability is marked to fair value at the conversion, repayment, or exercise date and then the related fair value amount is reclassified to other income or expense as part of gain or loss on debt extinguishment. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Leases In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The updated guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for most operating leases. In addition, the updated guidance requires that lessors separate lease and non-lease components in a contract in accordance with the new revenue guidance in ASC 606. Operating lease ROU assets represent the right to use the leased asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the adoption date in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company has reviewed the FASB issued ASU accounting pronouncements and interpretations thereof that have effectiveness dates during the periods reported and in future periods. The Company has carefully considered the new pronouncements that alter previous generally accepted accounting principles and do not believe that any new or modified principles will have a material impact on the Company’s reported financial position or operations in the near term. The applicability of any standard is subject to the formal review of the Company’s financial management. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) – Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for the exceptions. The ASU also simplifies the diluted net income per share calculation in certain areas. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company’s adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic ASC 280) Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosure about significant segment expenses. The enhancements under this update require disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, require disclosure of other segment items by reportable segment and a description of the composition of other segment items, require annual disclosures under ASC 280 to be provided in interim periods, clarify use of more than one measure of segment profit or loss by the CODM, require that the title of the CODM be disclosed with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss to make decisions, and require that entities with a single reportable segment provide all disclosures required by this update and required under ASC 280. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for the annual period ending December 31, 2024. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer serves as the CODM. All other newly issued accounting pronouncements that are not yet effective have been deemed immaterial or nonapplicable.

Note 3 – Related Party Transactions The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has loaned the Company working capital since inception. The balance of the loans to the CEO as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $146,432 and $358,479, respectively. The loan is due on demand and accrues interest at <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_dp_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember_z00NRdLfooy8" title="Accrues interest percentage">3% per year. Accrued interest relating to the loan was $1,064 and $11,308 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in accrued interest on the accompanying balance sheets. The Company repaid a total of $100,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024, $83,880 in principal and $16,120 in accrued interest. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 3 – Related Party Transactions, continued During the year ended December 31, 2023, an employee loaned the Company $25,000. The balance of the loan as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $0 and $25,000, respectively. The loan is due on demand and accrues interest at <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_dp_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_z3QJWZsMGJyg" title="Accrues interest percentage">3% per year. Accrued interest related to the loan was $0 and $723 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in accrued interest on the accompanying balance sheet. The Company repaid a total of $26,422 during the year ended December 31, 2024, $25,000 in principal and $1,421 in accrued interest. Accrued compensation includes partially accrued salaries to executives since inception. Since inception, executive salaries have been paid in cash when the Company’s cash flow has permitted such payment. During 2020, the Company began consistently paying salaries at <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanMaximumAnnualContributionsPerEmployeePercent_dp_uPure_c20200101__20201231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--ExecutiveEmploymentAgreementsMember_zIELQsSqDBQb" title="Salaries paid percentage">50% of the salaries reflected in the respective employment agreements. As of September 2021, the Company began paying full salaries. Throughout 2022, the Company returned to paying partial salaries and by November 2022 the Company stopped paying 100% salaries in an effort to conserve cash. On September 29, 2023, various employees and board members agreed to forgive accrued compensation in the amount of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--EmployeeStockOwnershipPlanESOPNumberOfAllocatedShares_iI_c20230929__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember_zFbKezmBUwvb" title="Accrued compensation">4,189,626. In exchange of the forgiveness the Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_pid_c20230929__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember_zhQehFEnp9S2" title="Stock option">2,353,661 stock options with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20230929__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember_zzEdJOzAnfmi" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 and an aggregate of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20230929__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zcjGHoWAXCJk" title="Restricted stock shares">1,399,834 restricted stock units with a grant date value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20230929__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zVylZ38uBfjf" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 in exchange for the aggregate forgiveness of compensation in the amount of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20230929__20230929__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_z8MVPM9amhvl" title="Share based compensation">4,189,626. Additionally, the Company agreed to a bonus of $513,013 for the employees and a bonus of $70,200 to the board members, to be paid upon the occurrence of a successful IPO in exchange for the forgiveness of the afore-mentioned accrued compensation. On December 18, 2023, various employees and board members agreed to amend the accrued compensation debt forgiveness dated September 29, 2023. Pursuant to the amendment the cash bonuses of $513,013 for the employees and a bonus of $70,200 to the board members agreed to on September 29, 2023, were forgiven, and no cash will be paid upon a successful IPO. In addition, the options issued in connection with the forgiveness dated September 29, 2023, have been amended to vest fully on the effective date of the new amendment. In addition, the restricted stock unit issued in connection with the forgiveness dated September 29, 2023, were terminated and replaced with <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230929__20230929__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zLk1WvuFXyA2" title="Restricted stock shares">1,399,834 restricted stock units that vest upon the earlier occurrence of the initial public offering or a change of control of the Company. In exchange for the forgiveness of the accrued bonuses the Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231218__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember_zu8xiaPTFxYk" title="Stock option">289,294 stock options with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20231218__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember_zxRnfBFR0erg" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 and an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231218__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_z6mJCOtqPXQf" title="Restricted stock shares">218,703 restricted stock units with a grant date value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20231218__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zHctbTK48DAd" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 in exchange for the aggregate forgiveness of compensation in the amount of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20231218__20231218__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zR3VHXE4yWQj" title="Share based compensation">583,213. On March 15, 2024, a former executive agreed to forgive $100,000 of accrued compensation in exchange for <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20240315__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zwd08HnUQDZ6" title="Share based compensation">49,605 options to purchase common stock and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20240315__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zOsC2XFEmrZj" title="Restricted stock units">7,500 restricted stock units, The options to purchase common stock have a strike price of $1.33. The option had a grant date fair value of $50,000. The Company recorded a gain on the forgiveness of accrued compensation in the amount of $40,000. On April 29, 2024, the Company, the Holder of the Note II and the CEO entered into an amendment in which the CEO agrees to exchange <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SharesIssued_iI_c20240429__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NoteIIHolderMember_zr7A3Ay6SBB7" title="Shares issued">685,867 shares issued to the Holder in exchange for his related party notes that accrued interest at <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_dp_c20240429__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NoteIIHolderMember_z7Lh0fU22kJa" title="Loan interest percentage">3% that are due from the Company in an aggregate principal amount of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal_c20240429__20240429__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NoteIIHolderMember_zHRtP54iP6Og" title="Aggregate principal amount">266,667 and the Holder agreed to forfeit all rights to all additional future shares from the Company that would of become due upon a qualified offering as well as the conversion option. Therefore, the principal amount of the note was increased to $1,377,778 and the exchange debt follows the requirements of Note II. See Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative liability – Senior Secured Note – Formerly known as the Convertible Debt I for more details. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023

146432

358479

0.03

1064

11308

100000

83880

16120

25000

0.03

723

26422

25000

1421

0.50

4189626

2353661

1.33

1399834

1.33

4189626

513013

70200

513013

70200

1399834

289294

1.33

218703

1.33

583213

100000

49605

7500

1.33

50000

40000

685867

0.03

266667

1377778

Note 4 – Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20241231_zUNXyBJIIWI6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231_zemQ8kZwPbI7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zMnfedI9kvF6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Accounts payable</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">278,676</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">189,495</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zOcNLkavGJZ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Professional fees</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">40,271</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">174,053</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AccruedRoyaltiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zQAI0BAKyT08" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">License fee</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">75,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">150,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zXUdebuN3GNf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Credit cards</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,536</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">32,466</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iTI_mtAPAALz5RX_z4THI7qEo2aj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total accounts payable and accrued expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">396,483</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">546,014</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $64,105 and $67,750, respectively, was due to a Company wholly owned by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, who also is an option holder. The amount is included in accrued compensation on the Company’s balance sheets. Accrued compensation of $1,415,093 and $1,562,041 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, includes accrued salaries and health benefits to executives since inception and board fees. Since inception, executive salaries have been paid in cash when the Company’s cash flow has permitted such payment. By November 2022 the Company stopped paying salaries, although they continued to accrue, in an effort to conserve cash and starting in the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s executives agreed to reduce their salaries by 80% until an initial public offering to limit the Company’s compensation expenses. During December 2024, the Company returned to paying salaries due to the completion of the initial public offering. See Note 3 – Related Party Transactions for details related to forgiveness of accrued compensation.

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20241231_zUNXyBJIIWI6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231_zemQ8kZwPbI7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zMnfedI9kvF6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Accounts payable</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">278,676</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">189,495</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zOcNLkavGJZ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Professional fees</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">40,271</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">174,053</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AccruedRoyaltiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zQAI0BAKyT08" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">License fee</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">75,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">150,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zXUdebuN3GNf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Credit cards</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,536</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">32,466</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iTI_mtAPAALz5RX_z4THI7qEo2aj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total accounts payable and accrued expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">396,483</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">546,014</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

278676

189495

40271

174053

75000

150000

2536

32466

396483

546014

64105

67750

1415093

1562041

Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability Convertible Debt I Between August and December 2021, the Company executed twelve convertible promissory notes (“Notes I”) for $527,650 in proceeds with a maturity date of July 31, 2022, and interest rate of 1%. The Notes I will automatically convert into equity securities on the first business day following effectiveness of an initial public offering of common stock with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“IPO”). Upon IPO, the outstanding principle of the Notes I and all unpaid accrued interest will automatically convert into a number of restricted fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock, or units of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock if units are offered to the public in the IPO, equal to the indebtedness divided by <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--OfferingPricePercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20211231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--TwelveConvertiblePromissoryNotesMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zMtG9NzF5f5d" title="Offering price">70% of the offering price paid per share at which the IPO is made. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event the IPO is not declared effective prior to the maturity date, none of the indebtedness shall convert or be convertible into shares of Common Stock. At the time of execution, the Company recorded a debt discount of $257,650 based on the fair value of the embedded conversion feature of Notes I, which was amortized into interest expense over term of Notes I, each with a maturity date of July 31, 2022. On August 6, 2022, the Notes I were amended to extend the maturity date to January 31, 2023, and increase the interest rate to 5%. All other terms remain the same as previously stated in Notes I. The impact of the amendment is prospective and increased accrued interest by $23,072 and is included in accrued interest on the accompanying balance sheet. On February 2, 2023, the Notes I were amended to extend the maturity date to December 31, 2023. During January 31, 2024, the Company and all Note I holders agreed to amend and extend the maturity date of their notes to December 31, 2024. The holders waived any default under the original notes prior to the amendment date. With the amendments the applicable interest rate to Notes I increased to 10% effective from January 1, 2024. The amendments were accounted for as a modification and not an extinguishment of debt, therefore there was no gain recorded in the statement of operations. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability, continued Convertible Debt I Upon the closing of the IPO on December 4, 2024, the outstanding principal and all unpaid accrued interest, totalling $636,852, of the Notes I converted into an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_c20241204__20241204__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertibleDebtOneMember_z1m3wNCWeYVh" title="Converted shares of common stock">227,447 share of common stock of the Company at $2.80, which is 70% of the offering price of $4.00. Senior Secured Note – Formerly Known as the Convertible Debt II The Note - On April 11, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an accredited investor (the “Holder”). Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement, the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zVyp4HzIZuBa" title="Gross proceeds">1,000,000, less loan origination costs of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OriginationOfLoanToPurchaseCommonStock_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zTixG5sd7Bfl" title="Origination cost">22,667, and issued a (i) <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_dp_c20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zSlUb0ui8gje" title="Original issue discount">10% original issue discount senior secured convertible note (the “Note II”) in the principal amount of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfUnits_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zrC8X1BTq82h" title="Principal amount">1,111,111 and (ii) <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfUnits_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zCg5yAkuDdVi" title="Principal amount shares">514,403 shares of common stock. <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentDescription_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zlCgAeIcldP6" title="Debt instrument description">The Company will have the right at any time to redeem in cash all or a portion of Note II at 120% (or 125% on or after the first six months from the closing) of the principal amount thereof plus any unpaid accrued interest to the date of repayment. Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement, the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zhVAlKZIedJf" title="Gross proceeds">1,000,000, less loan origination costs of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OriginationOfLoanToPurchaseCommonStock_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zQfaqBm0fsGf" title="Origination cost">22,667, and issued a (i) <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zbTClimHs76a" title="Original issue discount">10% original issue discount senior secured convertible note (the “Note II”) in the principle amount of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfUnits_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zHLhCbH5vmY2" title="Principal amount">1,111,111 and (ii) <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfUnits_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_z3lns2mRcCE2" title="Principal amount shares">514,403 shares of common stock. <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--DebtInstrumentInterestDescription_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zFVnLqbPkmr8" title="Debt instrument interest description">Upon an Event of Default (as defined therein) interest shall accrue at 1 1/2% per month and the 125% of principal and interest through maturity shall be due and payable. At the Holder’s option the Holder shall be entitled to be paid in cash or after the Qualified Offering (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) common stock with the conversion price of the common stock equal to a 30% discount to the lowest closing price of the common stock for the 20 prior trading days. On October 10, 2022, Note II was amended to postpone the commencement of the principal payments from October 11, 2022 to November 11, 2022. As consideration for the amendment, an additional <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20221010__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NoteIIHolderMember_zvc0zNXyScwl" title="Shares issued">42,867 shares of common stock were issued to the Holder on October 10, 2022, valued at 1/12th of the original <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20221010__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zOgnfK5AarIc" title="Shares issued">514,403 shares issued at commencement of Note II. On November 10, 2022, Note II was amended to postpone the commencement of the principle from November 11, 2022 to February 11, 2023 and payable in three monthly instalments. An additional <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20221110__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NoteIIHolderMember_zceWcQi13Rl2" title="Additional shares">128,599 shares of common stock were issued to the Holder on November 10, 2022, value at 1/4th of the original <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20221110__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zmPNPlmbmO04" title="Shares issued">514,403 shares issued at commencement of Note II. On February 6, 2023, Note II was amended to postpone the commencement of the principle to February 28, 2023. On March 6, 2023, Note II was amended to postpone the commencement of the principal from February 11, 2023 to May 31, 2023. <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentDescription_c20230206__20230206__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_z3UOZ2Eo7OH9" title="Debt instrument description">The Company and the noteholder agreed to a repayment plan on past due interest. In addition, the Company agreed to prepay in cash the aggregate principal amount of the Note II of 120% (or 137.5% on or after the first six months from closing) plus any accrued interest on the sale of all the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, upon the Change of Control, or on a Qualified Offering. Upon default of Note II, the Company agrees to pay 137.5% of the outstanding note principal, and accrued interest through maturity and all liquidation damages. As a result of the material modification, the incremental fair value of the modified derivative was classified as a debt extinguishment. Due to the extension of the maturity date of the convertible note, the fair value of the derivative liability increased. This resulted in the Company recording a loss on extinguishment of debt of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_c20230206__20230206__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zktnnRks7VN1" title="Extinguishment of debt">670,419. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability, continued Senior Secured Note – Formerly Known as the Convertible Debt II, continued On September 22, 2023, Note II was amended to postpone the commencement of the principle to December 31, 2023. The Company and the noteholder agreed to a repayment plan on past due interest. <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentDescription_c20230922__20230922__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_z2LWPOAGvbm9" title="Debt instrument description">In addition, the Company agreed to prepay in cash the aggregate principal amount of the Note II of 120% (or 150% on or after the first six months from closing) plus any accrued interest on the sale of all the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, upon the Change of Control, or on a Qualified Offering. Upon default of Note II, the Company agrees to pay 150% of the outstanding note principal and accrued interest through maturity and all liquidation damages. In addition, upon closing the Note Holder will receive 175% stock coverage. As a result of the material modification, the incremental fair value of the modified derivative was classified as a debt extinguishment. Due to the extension of the maturity date of the convertible note, the fair value of the derivative liability increased. This resulted in the Company recording a loss on extinguishment of debt of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_c20230922__20230922__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zny3fZlmLgU4" title="Extinguishment of debt">217,527. On April 29, 2024, the Company, the Holder of the Note II and the CEO entered into an amendment in which the CEO agrees to exchange <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_c20240429__20240429__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember_zZPz2ScFOxbb" title="Shares issued">685,867 shares issued to the Holder in exchange for his related party notes that accrued interest at <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20240429__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember_z9yQwBr4AXi5" title="Annual percentage">3% that are due from the Company in an aggregate principal amount of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_c20240429__20240429__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_z78Y2YMLXNba" title="Shares issued value">266,667 and the Holder agreed to forfeit all rights to all additional future shares from the Company that would of become due upon a qualified offering as well as the conversion option. Therefore, the principal amount of the note was increased to $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConvertibleDebt_iI_c20240429__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zm8M5fmnc643" title="Convertible debt">1,377,778 and the exchange debt follows the requirements of Note II. In addition, the Holder agreed to extend the note maturity date to August 11, 2024. The note shall be designated as a <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_dp_c20240429__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember_zV92V0MVG5v2" title="Original issue discount">10% original issue discount secured note (“Senior Secured Note”) moving forward. The Senior Secured Note and interest will become due and payable upon the earliest of the maturity date or upon the occurrence of a qualified event. The note is recorded on the balance sheet under note payable. As a result of the conversion feature of the note being removed the Company recorded a one-time gain on the modification of the debt of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfDebtRestructuringCosts_c20240429__20240429__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zkwnGt0FlKVi" title="Modification debt">951,868 and a new derivative liability of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iI_c20240429__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zsUK5M4HEUI8" title="Derivative liabilities">407,494 was recorded related to the Senior Secured Note. On August 8, 2024, the Company, and the Holder of the Senior Secured Note entered into an amendment to extend the maturity date of the Senior Secured Note to October 11, 2024. On November 15, 2024, the Company, and the Holder of the Senior Secured Note entered into an amendment to extend the maturity date of the Senior Secured Note to December 10, 2024. During December 2024, the Company fully repaid the Senior Secured Note pursuant to the terms in the amount of $2,102,797. Ancillary Agreements - In connection with the Company’s obligations under Note II, the Company entered into a security agreement and intellectual property security agreement with the Holder, pursuant to which the Company granted a security interest on all assets of the Company, including all intellectual property of the Company, for the benefit of the Holders, to secure the Company’s obligations under Note II and the other transaction documents. Convertible Debt III On March 1, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “Note III”) with a principal amount of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zDj0vGsheKSf" title="Principal amount">150,000 as part of a settlement agreement with an investor relations firm. Note III matures on <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_c20230301__20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zRixi35l9OY5" title="Maturity date">February 28, 2026 and accrues interest at <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zH4HSVtrqp4f" title="Annual percentage">5% annually which compounds quarterly. Note III is convertible upon election of the holder upon a qualified financing of at least $<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConvertibleAmountIntoSharesOfCommonStock_c20230301__20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zmmO5vxdizDb" title="Convertible amount into shares of common stock">5,000,000 into shares of common stock equal to <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--CommonStockIssuedPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230301__20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zVz8Y1ZZjxDf" title="Common stock percentage">70% of the per share price of the equity issued in the qualified financing. Note III is also convertible upon the completion of an IPO by the Company into shares of common stock equal to <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--CommonStockIssuedPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230301__20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zLzHYAuMgvw8" title="Common stock percentage">70% of the per share price of the equity issued in connection with the IPO. In both cases the Holder can elect to receive the principal and accrued interest instead of converting the note. During December 2024, the Company fully repaid the Convertible Debt III pursuant to the terms in the amount of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt_c20241201__20241231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zYCHR95xqLJ9" title="Repayments of convertible debt">178,386. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability, continued Summary During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_z5Fewijsy807" title="Interest expense">147,705 and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zaNJl99dPchj" title="Interest expense">143,761, respectively, are included in interest expense for the combined convertible Notes I, II and III on the accompanying statements of operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 the balance of the combined convertible promissory Note I, II and III was $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zP6RWKQxedwj" title="Convertible notes payable">0 and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zxX2vhhVyIf1" title="Convertible notes payable">1,745,472, respectively, net of the debt discount and loan origination costs of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscountNoncurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_z4AjOku2bfq5" title="Convertible notes payable, debt discount">0 and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscountNoncurrent_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zPOIM0wZXvw3" title="Convertible notes payable, debt discount">43,288, respectively. Derivative Liability Pursuant to Convertible Debt In connection with the issuance of the Notes, the Company determined that the terms of Notes contain an embedded conversion option to be accounted for as a derivative liability due to the Holder having the potential to gain value upon IPO. Accordingly, under the provisions of ASC 815-40 –Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in an Entity’s Own Stock, the embedded conversion option contained in Notes was accounted for as derivative liability and debt discount at the date of issuance and has been adjusted to fair value through earnings at each reporting date. The fair value of the embedded conversion option was determined using the Monte Carlo valuation model. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the derivative liabilities were revalued, and a $857,723 and $(887,946), respectively, adjustment was recorded as a gain/ (loss) on extinguishment of debt to other expenses reflected in the accompanying statements of operations. The Company also recorded $(53,257) and $148,751 as a (loss) / gain on the change in the fair value of the derivative liability for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fair value of the derivative liability of Notes I, Note II and Note III was estimated using the Monte Carlo Valuation model at issuance and each reporting period with the following assumptions: Schedule of Fair Value Derivative Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NotesThreeMember_zCSK93jF719k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">NOTE III</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20231231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NotesOneTwoAndThreeMember_zqj6iWGJ0Skd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">NOTES I, II & III</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20241231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NotesOneTwoAndThreeMember_zGlUxKzUv7J3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">NOTES I, II & III</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">March 1, 2023 (Issuance)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember_zopAiHSvVeEd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Dividend Rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember_zDWCfsNdt6K9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 52%">Term</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">0.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">0.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">0.13</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember_zTYJaQug4Xq7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Volatility</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputRiskFreeInterestRateMember_z1uoiBsDzQqh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Risk-free rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">N/A</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.70</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5.00</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__custom--MeasurementInputProbabilityofIPOMember_z5MhxBh36827" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Probability of IPO</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__custom--MeasurementInputProbabilityofIPOMember_zOTP1do8ejPd" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Derivative liability, measurement input</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability, continued Derivative Liability Pursuant to Convertible Debt, continued <p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsGainLossInStatementOfFinancialPerformanceTextBlock_zC2lA3G5rdp4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A summary of activity of the derivative liability pertaining to the Notes is presented below: Schedule of Derivative Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis_us-gaap--DerivativeMember_z4Km726upUH6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Derivative Liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_432_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iS_z8J5YnwQc0qd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">710,599</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueOfIssuance_zcGYaFyvgvR6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Fair value at issuance March 1, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">55,604</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueAdjustmentOfDateofAmendment_zRGx8vLppGc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Fair value adjustment on date of amendment, net</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">887,946</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDerivativeInstrumentsNetPretax_zxrWdTjZIY9c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Fair value change</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(148,751</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_439_c20240101__20240930_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iS_zzmvMd0jQOA5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDerivativeInstrumentsNetPretax_ziaRY0qsOxIg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Fair value change</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">53,257</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_zlYnD9VINhJb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Extinguishment of derivative liability - Note II</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,359,362</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueOfIssuance_z4IW4hFQouo4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Fair value at issuance on April 29, 2024 - Senior Secured Note</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">407,494</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--RepaymentOfDerivativeLiability_zOqQ5QNEsb4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Repayment of derivative liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(606,787</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueOfIssuance_zYmBfffLxOd" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="display: none; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Fair value at issuance</td><td style="display: none; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; display: none; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; display: none; text-align: right">407,494</td><td style="display: none; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_43F_c20241001__20241231_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iS_zcWB1mQrrHg8" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Derivative liability Balance </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">606,787</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_zyaNrshlyF0e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_431_c20241001__20241231_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iE_zA96k6M7cCoh" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Derivative liability Balance </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

527650

2022-07-31

0.01

0.70

257650

2022-07-31

2023-01-31

0.05

23072

2023-12-31

0.10

636852

227447

2.80

0.70 4.00

1000000

22667

0.10

1111111

514403

The Company will have the right at any time to redeem in cash all or a portion of Note II at 120% (or 125% on or after the first six months from the closing) of the principal amount thereof plus any unpaid accrued interest to the date of repayment.

1000000

22667

0.10

1111111

514403

Upon an Event of Default (as defined therein) interest shall accrue at 1 1/2% per month and the 125% of principal and interest through maturity shall be due and payable

42867

514403

128599

514403

The Company and the noteholder agreed to a repayment plan on past due interest. In addition, the Company agreed to prepay in cash the aggregate principal amount of the Note II of 120% (or 137.5% on or after the first six months from closing) plus any accrued interest on the sale of all the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, upon the Change of Control, or on a Qualified Offering. Upon default of Note II, the Company agrees to pay 137.5% of the outstanding note principal, and accrued interest through maturity and all liquidation damages. As a result of the material modification, the incremental fair value of the modified derivative was classified as a debt extinguishment.

670419

In addition, the Company agreed to prepay in cash the aggregate principal amount of the Note II of 120% (or 150% on or after the first six months from closing) plus any accrued interest on the sale of all the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, upon the Change of Control, or on a Qualified Offering. Upon default of Note II, the Company agrees to pay 150% of the outstanding note principal and accrued interest through maturity and all liquidation damages. In addition, upon closing the Note Holder will receive 175% stock coverage. As a result of the material modification, the incremental fair value of the modified derivative was classified as a debt extinguishment.

217527

685867

0.03

266667

1377778

0.10

951868

407494

2024-12-10

2102797

150000

2026-02-28

0.05

5000000 0.70 0.70

178386

147705

143761

1745472

43288

857723 857723 -887946 -887946 -53257 148751

The fair value of the derivative liability of Notes I, Note II and Note III was estimated using the Monte Carlo Valuation model at issuance and each reporting period with the following assumptions: Schedule of Fair Value Derivative Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230301__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NotesThreeMember_zCSK93jF719k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">NOTE III</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20231231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NotesOneTwoAndThreeMember_zqj6iWGJ0Skd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">NOTES I, II & III</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20241231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--NotesOneTwoAndThreeMember_zGlUxKzUv7J3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">NOTES I, II & III</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">March 1, 2023 (Issuance)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember_zopAiHSvVeEd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Dividend Rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember_zDWCfsNdt6K9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 52%">Term</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">0.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">0.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">0.13</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember_zTYJaQug4Xq7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Volatility</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputRiskFreeInterestRateMember_z1uoiBsDzQqh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Risk-free rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">N/A</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.70</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5.00</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__custom--MeasurementInputProbabilityofIPOMember_z5MhxBh36827" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Probability of IPO</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__custom--MeasurementInputProbabilityofIPOMember_zOTP1do8ejPd" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Derivative liability, measurement input</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

0.25

0.13

4.70

5.00

<p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDerivativeInstrumentsGainLossInStatementOfFinancialPerformanceTextBlock_zC2lA3G5rdp4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A summary of activity of the derivative liability pertaining to the Notes is presented below: Schedule of Derivative Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis_us-gaap--DerivativeMember_z4Km726upUH6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Derivative Liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_432_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iS_z8J5YnwQc0qd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">710,599</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueOfIssuance_zcGYaFyvgvR6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Fair value at issuance March 1, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">55,604</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueAdjustmentOfDateofAmendment_zRGx8vLppGc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Fair value adjustment on date of amendment, net</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">887,946</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDerivativeInstrumentsNetPretax_zxrWdTjZIY9c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Fair value change</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(148,751</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_439_c20240101__20240930_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iS_zzmvMd0jQOA5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,505,398</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDerivativeInstrumentsNetPretax_ziaRY0qsOxIg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Fair value change</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">53,257</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_zlYnD9VINhJb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Extinguishment of derivative liability - Note II</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,359,362</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueOfIssuance_z4IW4hFQouo4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Fair value at issuance on April 29, 2024 - Senior Secured Note</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">407,494</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--RepaymentOfDerivativeLiability_zOqQ5QNEsb4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Repayment of derivative liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(606,787</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--DerivativeFairValueOfIssuance_zYmBfffLxOd" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="display: none; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Fair value at issuance</td><td style="display: none; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; display: none; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; display: none; text-align: right">407,494</td><td style="display: none; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_43F_c20241001__20241231_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iS_zcWB1mQrrHg8" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Derivative liability Balance </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">606,787</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_zyaNrshlyF0e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_431_c20241001__20241231_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilities_iE_zA96k6M7cCoh" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Derivative liability Balance </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

710599

55604 887946

-148751

1505398

53257

-1359362

407494 -606787 407494

606787

Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Common Stock The Company is authorized to issue 125,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The Company had 33,103,860 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024. There was no preferred stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024. On June 3, 2024, the Company entered into a three 36-month service agreement with three different entities. The Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zVff7aDxzpa2" title="Number of restricted shares issued">3,487,500 restricted shares of common stock, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--EntityOneMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zoA32vD19Dii" title="Number of restricted shares issued"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--EntityTwoMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z2RBpsvnDoNf" title="Number of restricted shares issued"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--EntityThreeMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zVBc6nY664d5" title="Number of restricted shares issued">1,162,500 restricted shares of common stock to each entity. The shares were registered upon the Company’s offering that closed in December 2024. In addition, each of the entities purchased <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zF2hOgYexqZc" title="Number of shares issued">37,500 shares each of the Company’s common stock at a price of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20240603__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zknGOymyJQsh" title="Share price">1.33 per share prior to the occurrence of the Company’s offering. As of December, 31, 2024, the Company issued <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zcKlqvaWNUIc" title="Aggregate sale of common stock, shares">112,500 common stock and the Company received an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zDhzp2SzndV5" title="Aggregate sale of common stock, value">150,000 for the sale of the Company’s common stock from the three entities. These shares were also registered upon the closing of the Company’s offering. The aggregate value of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zpaYklV8p6c1" title="Number of restricted shares issued, value">4,638,375 related to the <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zlq2eFcYDPqf" title="Number of restricted shares issued">3,487,500 restricted shares will be recognize as compensation expense from the date the obligations are met with the remaining expense being amortized over the remaining term of the 36-months per the services agreements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded compensation expense for services provided of $893,781 related to the restricted shares issued. See Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability for shares issued upon the conversion of the convertible notes. See Note 8 – Commitment and Contingencies – Service agreements for details related to sale of common stock per the service agreements. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), continued Closing of Offering On December 2, 2024, the Company priced its initial public offering of <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20241202__20241202__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--UnderwritingAgreementMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_za4OZILPmW9d" title="Number of shares for sale">2,750,000 shares of common stock at a price of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockPricePerShare_iI_c20241202__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--UnderwritingAgreementMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zfHxpdDFJDt5" title="Stock price per share">4.00 per share. The offering closed on December 4, 2024, and the Company started trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “JUNS”. The Company sold <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20241204__20241204__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--UnderwritingAgreementMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zBszV1VScE2h" title="Sale of shares of common stock">2,750,000 shares of its Common Stock to the underwriters and yielded proceeds of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_c20241204__20241204__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--UnderwritingAgreementMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zczFmYeHeRJ1" title="Gross proceeds from offering">9,725,213, net of underwriters and other fees of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_c20241204__20241204__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--UnderwritingAgreementMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zl42mSwIYMKe" title="Net proceeds from offering">1,274,787. The Company intends to use the proceeds primarily to fund the Phase II clinical trial of its product candidate JOTROL™ in patients with Parkinson’s Disease, Strategic Service Agreements to accelerate business activities in South-East Asia, research and development activities regarding evaluation of new product opportunities, payment of the outstanding annual license fees due to Aquanova AG, the repayment of debt, working capital and other general corporate purposes. Stock Options The Company grants stock awards to officers, employees, directors, and other key persons pursuant to its 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $947,124 and $1,198,579, respectively, related to vested stock options. There was $355,829 unvested stock options expense as of December 31, 2024. On January 1, 2023, the Company granted a non-qualified stock option to purchase <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20230101__20230101__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefFinancialOfficerMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z5NfhDAPaaj3" title="Granted stock option purchase shares">562,500 shares of Common Stock to our Chief Financial Officer, at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20230101__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefFinancialOfficerMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zyQWDIS3lL8h" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 per share. The option had a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iI_c20230101__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ChiefFinancialOfficerMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zUsALJEiygv2" title="Grant date fair value">589,500. On April 1, 2023, the Company granted non-qualified stock option to purchase an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20230401__20230401__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeAndConsultantsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zlmXZ3uQRV56" title="Granted stock option purchase shares">562,500 shares of Common Stock to an employee and consultants, at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230401__20230401__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeAndConsultantsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zfKrpPKgjCw1" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 per share. The options had an aggregate grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iI_c20230401__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeAndConsultantsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zs1asgFktat9" title="Grant date fair value">577,500. On January 24, 2024, the Company granted <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20240124__20240124__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zND1CXovQVq7" title="Granted stock option purchase shares">180,000 stock options to a consultant with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240124__20240124__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zpQfct4JLA2b" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 per share. The option had a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iI_c20240124__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zg87PlLpGnF8" title="Grant date fair value">190,560. On April 17, 2024, the Company granted <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20240417__20240417__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zGDqjSDstakb" title="Granted stock option purchase shares">67,500 stock options to a consultant with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240417__20240417__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zjyIayPSFGa8" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 per share. The option had a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iI_c20240417__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z2gz2LpzJUoa" title="Grant date fair value">73,459. See Note 3 – Related Party Transactions above for details related to options issued for forgiveness of accrued salaries. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 A summary of activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is presented below: Schedule of Stock Option Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Options</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 44%; font-weight: bold">Outstanding as of December 31, 2022</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zz0773n34qC7" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, beginning balance">6,682,560</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zwAHaWqQsJOa" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, beginning balance">0.89</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20220101__20221231_znqMyKLMwRG3" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.40</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20230101__20231231_zNYbT0vmonO4" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, beginning balance">3,376,725</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20230101__20231231_zCDgNP2FD3E1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, granted">3,767,955</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zUPZlEugpLmd" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, granted">1.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zApjcmnBgbw5" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercised">(113,633</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zj7h8b5BGS27" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercised">0.88</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_zNKuAWKX2NFd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zJnd2tyn2Sfb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, beginning balance">10,336,883</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zPq4FEVFFc09" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, beginning balance">1.00</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231_zmyiW3g1gcw1" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.91</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20240101__20241231_z4gDXAgEAx04" style="text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, beginning balance">3,316,119</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20240101__20241231_zKSBIUAi2Red" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, granted">297,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zpUFEjhkDVN1" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, granted">1.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zuNZ4IfLlfij" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercised">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_z0BL8ree5RFa" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercised">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20240101__20241231_z69wEOyl4zhd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zHOFwlWtp9ub" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zd1gz0wzSwc9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, ending balance">10,633,988</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zzm9F3rDmoPf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, ending balance">1.02</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zVjhY2hfUaH6" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.25</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_c20240101__20241231_zzI5jpOtKNgd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, ending balance">102,921,147</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold">Exercisable as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zwIDuEcJQgx5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercisable">10,297,412</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zHagUpTZoppb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercisable">1.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20240101__20241231_ztzj8JubtqA5" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), exercisable">6.18</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20240101__20241231_z4Ne3zlmEYT8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable">99,768,543</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Exercisable as of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zo5PUriRaao4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercisable">9,424,826</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zrjipfiQLpkk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercisable">1.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20230101__20231231_z45YaccSjj3i" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), exercisable">6.76</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20230101__20231231_z0E6fpi8iny7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable">3,276,119</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zUWAxTsEnot7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarized information about employee stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of Employee Stock Options Outstanding <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="2"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Outstanding Options</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Vested Options</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number Outstanding at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number Exercisable at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zfy1POuNV0U6" style="width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.01</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zAV8t7FLnpk1" style="width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">675,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zY80mmO0SVCd" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">1.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zhMwY5ICBZj2" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">675,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_ziJCBbb1wPA9" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">1.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zmrTO1oNlIhk" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.74</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zQ1uZQJcM5uf" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">1,657,560</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zpqRkEb86x02" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">4.32</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zbZzQT5nXWkd" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">1,657,562</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zNGttngErlob" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">4.32</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zM04nJwj6jF9" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.80</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zKhzUKjslUt6" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">2,783,243</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zK0XanuzJqyj" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">4.54</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_z8BSQRW7djKa" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">2,783,238</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zpuCexukYI5i" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">4.54</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zj0H2piJKuM1" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zjMuY5ykt9i1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">5,461,935</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zdJlLQb2a6Sh" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">8.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z7GT8K5i5jjk" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">5,125,362</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zlDTEUMCVM1c" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">8.31</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zKqPypQUR1Y8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">2.16</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_ziV11V2oxf9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">56,250</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zYvH80Y67OF1" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">6.71</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zhzhWWy68Nnd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">56,250</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zaCBDAsM4e9e" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">6.71</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231_z5N5JvnG5Hph" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">10,633,988</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zndVSsZTWSm7" title="Outstanding options, weighted average remaining life">6.25</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231_zYRl7Og29kia" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">10,297,412</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231_z9cvyz0Qjuph" title="Vested options, weighted average remaining life">6.15</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Outstanding Options</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Vested Options</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Exercise Price</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Number Outstanding at December 31, 2023</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Number Exercisable at December 31, 2023</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="width: 1%">$</td> <td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zLa8hhnvQFFf" style="width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.01</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zN104mGP0TFa" style="width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">675,000</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zYLRBRcHeLlc" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">2.51</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zpwSrgbT5Ndi" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">675,000</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zQvbdAiyaRv6" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">2.51</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td>$</td> <td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_z6IiTKLY4Prk" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.74</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zm9DkPGNvD29" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">1,657,560</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zQZOP21iiaNi" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">5.57</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zIwlhcEQDFr7" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">1,657,564</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zVmy9qZquzO3" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">5.57</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td>$</td> <td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zbClLqEBEaVh" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.80</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_z2OReXCttXu8" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">2,783,243</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zuvCJ3oLe6e3" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">5.80</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_z9Bb2EGUHWO5" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">2,708,239</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zB7V8p22rRU2" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">5.62</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td>$</td> <td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zi3Tixnzw5nf" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.33</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z2DQjYbAVST2" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">5,164,830</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zwExcJNC0GTj" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">4.51</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_ztHR0KeQ2RB9" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">4,327,774</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zKdthfkGqGrh" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">4.92</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">$</td> <td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zsuvGFYUuF5h" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">2.16</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zEj6ddjsPj42" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">56,250</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_z7VOOvymBoPj" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">7.96</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_z0O5yczjVXFf" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">56,250</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_z0vmJFTWJKyc" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">7.71</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231_zFdlxTMsSdcl" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">10,336,883</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231_zEa3IPnDbHr" title="Outstanding options, weighted average remaining life">6.91</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20231231_zfD2Q96eGI7j" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">9,424,826</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20230101__20231231_zhkh8ERVBMSi" title="Vested options, weighted average remaining life">6.76</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> </table> Warrants The following is a summary of the Company’s warrant activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of Warrant Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 46%; font-weight: bold">Outstanding as of December 31, 2022</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zxpVlVaG6Lwe" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, beginning balance">1,359,375</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iS_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7jD6mDSpOkc" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, beginning balance">0.80</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zgRruZGgOOl3" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.98</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zvQuoLw0GE7b" style="text-align: right" title="Number of shares, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareGranted_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z3TFvjWGfOc4" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z0FLKSBHwLnd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareForfeited_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zX8NJDdrj5n4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z0G2WHYLBac5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, beginning balance">1,359,375</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iS_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zi4mzNdnJg53" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, beginning balance">0.80</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7FmsWZusBTd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.64</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zVgQui7Bxas4" style="text-align: right" title="Number of shares, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareGranted_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zLMk1TboY3a1" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z1wd8hfyEKq3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareForfeited_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zRvGnqlN7cgd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zYHKW17ipdt5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, ending balance">1,359,375</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iE_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7YUN0q04jr8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, ending balance">0.80</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z4d03fcLCUO4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.93</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), continued Restricted Stock Units On September 29, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20230929__20230929__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zhD0eOTpT4b5" title="Number of restricted shares issued, shares">1,399,834 restricted stock units with a grant date value of $1.33 per unit in exchange for the forgiveness of accrued compensation. Pursuant to the amendment dated December 18, 2023, the restricted stock units shall vest on the on earlier event of either the occurrence of an initial public offering or in the event of change of control of the Company. The restricted stock units have an aggregate grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20230929__20230929__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zgewpuy9iL7b" title="Restricted stock fair value">1,866,445. On December 18, 2023, the Company terminated <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited_c20231218__20231218__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zsQdKNXjuFUe" title="Number of restricted shares terminated">1,399,384 restricted stock units and issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20231218__20231218__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zyANgIUYjnC5" title="Number of restricted shares issued, shares">1,618,537 restricted stock units with a grant date value of $1.33 in exchange for the forgiveness of accrued compensation. The restricted stock units shall vest on the earlier event of either the expiration of the lock-up period by the underwriters after the initial public offering or in the event of change of control of the Company. The restricted stock units have an aggregate grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20231218__20231218__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_z8hAZNHpSzwd" title="Restricted stock fair value">2,158,050. On March 15, 2024, the Company issued <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240315__20240315__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zfXrFTWjIf9a" title="Number of restricted shares issued, shares">7,500 restricted stock units with a grant date value of $1.33 per unit in exchange for the forgiveness of accrued compensation. The restricted stock units shall vest on the earlier event of either the expiration of the lock-up period by the underwriters after the initial public offering or in the event of change of control of the Company. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zuzvIc2FTdw6" title="Number of restricted shares issued, shares">1,626,037 restricted stock units outstanding with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zUEJkfxCj4Gc" title="Restricted stock fair value">2,195,550.

125000000

5000000

33103860

3487500

1162500

37500

1.33

112500

150000

4638375

3487500

893781

2750000

4.00

2750000

9725213

1274787

947124

1198579

355829

562500

1.33

589500

562500

1.33

577500

180000

1.33

190560

67500

1.33

73459

A summary of activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is presented below: Schedule of Stock Option Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Options</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 44%; font-weight: bold">Outstanding as of December 31, 2022</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zz0773n34qC7" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, beginning balance">6,682,560</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zwAHaWqQsJOa" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, beginning balance">0.89</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20220101__20221231_znqMyKLMwRG3" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.40</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20230101__20231231_zNYbT0vmonO4" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, beginning balance">3,376,725</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20230101__20231231_zCDgNP2FD3E1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, granted">3,767,955</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zUPZlEugpLmd" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, granted">1.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zApjcmnBgbw5" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercised">(113,633</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zj7h8b5BGS27" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercised">0.88</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_zNKuAWKX2NFd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zJnd2tyn2Sfb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, beginning balance">10,336,883</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zPq4FEVFFc09" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, beginning balance">1.00</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20230101__20231231_zmyiW3g1gcw1" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.91</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20240101__20241231_z4gDXAgEAx04" style="text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, beginning balance">3,316,119</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20240101__20241231_zKSBIUAi2Red" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, granted">297,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zpUFEjhkDVN1" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, granted">1.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zuNZ4IfLlfij" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercised">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_z0BL8ree5RFa" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercised">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20240101__20241231_z69wEOyl4zhd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zHOFwlWtp9ub" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zd1gz0wzSwc9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, ending balance">10,633,988</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zzm9F3rDmoPf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, ending balance">1.02</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zVjhY2hfUaH6" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.25</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_c20240101__20241231_zzI5jpOtKNgd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, ending balance">102,921,147</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold">Exercisable as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zwIDuEcJQgx5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercisable">10,297,412</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zHagUpTZoppb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercisable">1.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20240101__20241231_ztzj8JubtqA5" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), exercisable">6.18</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20240101__20241231_z4Ne3zlmEYT8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable">99,768,543</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Exercisable as of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zo5PUriRaao4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercisable">9,424,826</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zrjipfiQLpkk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercisable">1.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20230101__20231231_z45YaccSjj3i" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), exercisable">6.76</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20230101__20231231_z0E6fpi8iny7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable">3,276,119</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

6682560

0.89

P6Y4M24D

3376725

3767955

1.33

113633

0.88

10336883

1.00

P6Y10M28D

3316119

297105

1.33

10633988

1.02

P6Y3M

102921147

10297412

1.01

P6Y2M4D

99768543

9424826

1.00

P6Y9M3D

3276119

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zUWAxTsEnot7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarized information about employee stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of Employee Stock Options Outstanding <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="2"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Outstanding Options</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Vested Options</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number Outstanding at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number Exercisable at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zfy1POuNV0U6" style="width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.01</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zAV8t7FLnpk1" style="width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">675,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zY80mmO0SVCd" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">1.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zhMwY5ICBZj2" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">675,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_ziJCBbb1wPA9" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">1.25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zmrTO1oNlIhk" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.74</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zQ1uZQJcM5uf" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">1,657,560</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zpqRkEb86x02" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">4.32</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zbZzQT5nXWkd" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">1,657,562</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zNGttngErlob" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">4.32</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zM04nJwj6jF9" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.80</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zKhzUKjslUt6" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">2,783,243</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zK0XanuzJqyj" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">4.54</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_z8BSQRW7djKa" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">2,783,238</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zpuCexukYI5i" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">4.54</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zj0H2piJKuM1" style="text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zjMuY5ykt9i1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">5,461,935</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zdJlLQb2a6Sh" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">8.33</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z7GT8K5i5jjk" style="text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">5,125,362</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zlDTEUMCVM1c" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">8.31</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zKqPypQUR1Y8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">2.16</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_ziV11V2oxf9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">56,250</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zYvH80Y67OF1" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">6.71</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zhzhWWy68Nnd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">56,250</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zaCBDAsM4e9e" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">6.71</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231_z5N5JvnG5Hph" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">10,633,988</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zndVSsZTWSm7" title="Outstanding options, weighted average remaining life">6.25</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231_zYRl7Og29kia" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">10,297,412</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20241231_z9cvyz0Qjuph" title="Vested options, weighted average remaining life">6.15</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

0.01

675000

P1Y3M

675000

P1Y3M

0.74

1657560

P4Y3M25D

1657562

P4Y3M25D

0.80

2783243

P4Y6M14D

2783238

P4Y6M14D

1.33

5461935

P8Y3M29D

5125362

P8Y3M21D

2.16

56250

P6Y8M15D

56250

P6Y8M15D

10633988

P6Y3M

10297412

P6Y1M24D

0.01

675000

P2Y6M3D

675000

P2Y6M3D

0.74

1657560

P5Y6M25D

1657564

P5Y6M25D

0.80

2783243

P5Y9M18D

2708239

P5Y7M13D

1.33

5164830

P4Y6M3D

4327774

P4Y11M1D

2.16

56250

P7Y11M15D

56250

P7Y8M15D

10336883

P6Y10M28D

9424826

P6Y9M3D

The following is a summary of the Company’s warrant activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of Warrant Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 46%; font-weight: bold">Outstanding as of December 31, 2022</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zxpVlVaG6Lwe" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, beginning balance">1,359,375</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iS_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7jD6mDSpOkc" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, beginning balance">0.80</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zgRruZGgOOl3" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.98</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zvQuoLw0GE7b" style="text-align: right" title="Number of shares, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareGranted_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z3TFvjWGfOc4" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z0FLKSBHwLnd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareForfeited_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zX8NJDdrj5n4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z0G2WHYLBac5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, beginning balance">1,359,375</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iS_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zi4mzNdnJg53" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, beginning balance">0.80</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7FmsWZusBTd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.64</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zVgQui7Bxas4" style="text-align: right" title="Number of shares, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareGranted_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zLMk1TboY3a1" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, granted">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z1wd8hfyEKq3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareForfeited_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zRvGnqlN7cgd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, forfeited">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zYHKW17ipdt5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, ending balance">1,359,375</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iE_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7YUN0q04jr8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, ending balance">0.80</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z4d03fcLCUO4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.93</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

1359375

0.80 P0Y11M23D

1359375

0.80 P0Y7M20D

1359375

0.80 P0Y11M4D

1399834

1.33

1866445

1399384

1618537

1.33

2158050

7500

1.33

1626037

2195550

Note 7 – Income Taxes A reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the benefit for income taxes is as follows: Schedule of Income Tax Provision <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240101__20241231_zZdaPQaVlczk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230101__20231231_ziBxkw7TYmr9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_dp_uPure_maKL001_z5K1Rn8V4Vfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%">Federal</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">21.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">21.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_dp_uPure_maKL001_zY4NgIOGZk6e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>State</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.07</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.55</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_dp_uPure_maKL001_zi2pjl8hq9qe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Nondeductible expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-2.33</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-3.85</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maKL001_zn087u2EdLa4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Change in valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-20.74</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-19.70</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtKL001_ziKg8wKXfBJi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Effective tax rate</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 7 – Income Taxes, continued A summary of the Company’s deferred tax assets is as follows: Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20241231_zvmMklkJjXUf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231231_zUiHS0kmUmWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsStateAndLocal_iI_maDTAGze87_zoP4JWW1uUWd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">U.S Federal and State net operating loss</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">3,083,545</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">2,429,544</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_maDTAGze87_zYrRZoXA4FAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Stock based compensation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,272,925</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,031,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals_iI_maDTAGze87_z5wgPYfPypp3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Accrued salaries</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">382,288</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">395,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards_iI_maDTAGze87_z5OV2dxlfe3i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Orphan drug credit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,060,118</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">924,171</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsDerivativeLiability_iI_maDTAGze87_zBDD9NW4cBQ6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Derivative liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">370,572</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOther_iI_maDTAGze87_zEHUo20DmIRa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">260,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">392,486</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_mtDTAGze87_maDTANz4iX_zIWK3PInGea6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Total net deferred tax assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,059,357</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,544,532</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANz4iX_zV7p6u3MAbb4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(6,059,357</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,544,532</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANz4iX_zoszVWEs9yR7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total Deferred Tax Asset</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> As of December 31, 2024, the Company had federal and state (post-apportioned basis) net operating losses (“NOLs”) of $26 million, as well as federal orphan drug tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.06 million. Approximately $10.0 million of the foregoing federal and state NOLs will expire at various dates from 2026 through 2043, if not limited by triggering events prior to such time. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, changes in ownership of the Company, in certain circumstances, would limit the amount of federal NOLs that can be utilized annually in the future to offset taxable income. In particular, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 382”) imposes limitations on an entity’s ability to use NOLs upon certain changes in ownership. If the Company is limited in its ability to use its NOLs in future years in which it has taxable income, then the Company will pay more taxes than if it were otherwise able to fully utilize its NOLs. The Company may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in ownership of the Company’s capital stock that the Company cannot predict or control that could result in further limitations being placed on the Company’s ability to utilize its federal NOLs. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. When determining the amount of net deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized, the Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods and the feasibility of ongoing tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset. The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent the evidence may be objectively verified. As such, it is generally difficult for positive evidence regarding projected future taxable income, exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences, to outweigh objective negative evidence of recent financial reporting losses. Based on these criteria and the relative weighting of both the positive and negative evidence available, management continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023

A reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the benefit for income taxes is as follows: Schedule of Income Tax Provision <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240101__20241231_zZdaPQaVlczk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230101__20231231_ziBxkw7TYmr9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_dp_uPure_maKL001_z5K1Rn8V4Vfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%">Federal</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">21.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">21.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_dp_uPure_maKL001_zY4NgIOGZk6e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>State</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.07</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.55</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_dp_uPure_maKL001_zi2pjl8hq9qe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Nondeductible expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-2.33</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-3.85</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maKL001_zn087u2EdLa4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Change in valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-20.74</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-19.70</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtKL001_ziKg8wKXfBJi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Effective tax rate</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

0.2100

0.0207

0.0255

-0.0233

-0.0385

-0.2074

-0.1970

A summary of the Company’s deferred tax assets is as follows: Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20241231_zvmMklkJjXUf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231231_zUiHS0kmUmWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsStateAndLocal_iI_maDTAGze87_zoP4JWW1uUWd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">U.S Federal and State net operating loss</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">3,083,545</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">2,429,544</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_maDTAGze87_zYrRZoXA4FAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Stock based compensation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,272,925</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,031,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccruals_iI_maDTAGze87_z5wgPYfPypp3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Accrued salaries</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">382,288</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">395,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards_iI_maDTAGze87_z5OV2dxlfe3i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Orphan drug credit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,060,118</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">924,171</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsDerivativeLiability_iI_maDTAGze87_zBDD9NW4cBQ6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Derivative liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">370,572</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOther_iI_maDTAGze87_zEHUo20DmIRa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">260,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">392,486</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_mtDTAGze87_maDTANz4iX_zIWK3PInGea6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Total net deferred tax assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,059,357</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,544,532</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANz4iX_zV7p6u3MAbb4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(6,059,357</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,544,532</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANz4iX_zoszVWEs9yR7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total Deferred Tax Asset</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

3083545

2429544

1272925

1031860

382288

395899

1060118

924171

370572

260481

392486

6059357

5544532

6059357

5544532

26000000

1060000.00

10000000.0

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies Legal Matters From time to time, claims are made against the Company in the ordinary course of business, which could result in litigation. Claims and associated litigation are subject to inherent uncertainties and unfavorable outcomes could occur, such as monetary damages, fines, penalties or injunctions prohibiting the Company from selling one or more products or engaging in other activities. The occurrence of an unfavorable outcome in any specific period could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations for that period or future periods. On July 19, 2022, Tiberend Strategic Advisors (“Tiberend”), an entity that the Company had previously engaged as a communications and investor relations firm, filed a summons for civil action in the District Court of Southern Florida against the Company alleging non-payment by the Company under a services agreement (the “Services Agreement”) with Tiberend in the amount of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20220719__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__us-gaap--ServiceAgreementsMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TiberendStrategicAdvisorsMember_zW6VcZ9vocu7" title="Non-payment amount">130,400. The Company and Tiberend entered into a full settlement and release agreement in exchange for a $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20230331__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__us-gaap--ServiceAgreementsMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TiberendStrategicAdvisorsMember_zcsEbya54tX7" title="Convertible promissory note">150,000 convertible promissory note in March 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the note was fully repaid. See Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability – Convertible Debt III for details associated with the note issuance. Office Lease On May 1, 2021, the Company entered into a 61-month operating lease for office space for a base rent of $3,783 subject to a 3% yearly escalation. The Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases upon inception of the lease. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use asset, net (ROU) is $69,642 and $116,070, respectively, and the total lease liability is $71,329 and $119,542, respectively, based on an incremental borrowing rate of 0.81% at lease inception. Schedule of Operating Lease Right-of-use Asset and Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_zjXedK3vGvzb" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20231231_zaBZj5BsrKf6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use asset (“ROU”) is summarized below:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetBeforeAccumulatedAmortization_iI_maOLROUzjlN_zky1ITclYdge" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Office lease ROU</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAccumulatedAmortization_iNI_di_msOLROUzjlN_zxy4achNrSg9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less accumulated reduction</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(166,367</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(119,939</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iTI_mtOLROUzjlN_z2UYyCgw2IW5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance of ROU, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">69,642</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">116,070</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liability related to the ROU asset is summarized below:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--OperatingLeaseLiabilityGross_iI_maOLLzx0H_zCC3NGpv0UN3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Office lease liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--ReductionOfOperatingLeaseLiability_iNI_di_msOLLzx0H_zxeDkA76Unjj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reduction of lease liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(164,680</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(116,467</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzx0H_zPCMyHZGUjAa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">119,542</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Future minimum lease liability payments under non-cancelable operating lease at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows: Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Liability Payments Under Non-cancelable Operating Lease <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49B_20241231_zOBBBmdF8Xza" style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49D_20231231_zWCHCVI2E1rb" style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueComingMonths_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zHwSvLVYQTbj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: justify">2024</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">49,004</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zHGz1C9dnoei" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">2025</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,476</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,476</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zqJrrwcXVd35" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">2026</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtLOLLPztZn_zr2cl3fL9747" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Total lease payments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">71,766</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">120,770</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_zRvKD79mQFS5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less: imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(437</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,228</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_zbim3LUkNbHk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">119,542</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zmmRwqZ9Fjzj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Current operating lease liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,082</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">48,213</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zPVIthQkBVd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Non-current operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">21,247</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzH2R_z6Q3vRi4Jvrb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">119,542</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued Office Lease, continued On October 1, 2021, the Company entered into a month-to-month lease for office space in Charlestown, MA. Rental expenses of $17,740 and $20,844 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying statement of operations. Consulting Agreements The Company utilizes various consultants and advisors for clinical research, scientific advisory services and business strategies. Each consultant has an executed agreement in place defining term, compensation, duties, confidentiality, intellectual property. The majority of the agreements have a 2-year term. Agreements are evaluated for renewal upon expiration. Bonus provisions are at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and are granted on an individual agreement basis. On December 15, 2024, the Company entered into a Strategic Services Agreement (the “Dominant Treasure Agreement”) with Dominant Treasure Health Company Limited (“Dominant Treasure”). Pursuant to the terms of the Dominant Treasure Agreement, Dominant Treasure agreed to provide certain services to the Company to assist the Company in accelerating the Company’s desire to get its products developed and distributed in the Southeast Asian market. In exchange for Dominant Treasure’s services pursuant to the Dominant Treasure Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Dominant Treasure a one-time payment of $2,300,000. In addition, if Dominant Treasure is involved in generating negotiations and conclusion of a distribution agreement for the Company in the countries of China (including Hong Kong), Singapore and Malaysia, the Company will pay Dominant Treasure a success fee of 5% of any upfront and/or milestone payments to be received by the Company. If such an agreement will include a royalty payment to the Company, Dominant Treasure will receive 5% of such royalty payment. The Dominant Treasure Agreement has a term of 36 months and may be terminated at any time upon mutual agreement of the parties. The one-time payment of $2,300,000 was accounted for as a prepaid contract and will be expensed over a three-year period. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded prepaid contract expense of $54,612. Executive Employment Agreements The Company’s standard executive employment agreements have a stated term of six years. Per the agreements, employees are eligible for a discretionary annual performance bonus, determined by the Board of Directors. If the Company terminates an employee without cause, the employee is entitled to a pro-rated pay out of the annual performance bonus based on days worked in the fiscal year, severance of twelve months of the base salary, and automatic vesting of unvested equity grants. If the employee terminates with good reason, as defined in the employment contract, the employee is entitled to automatic vesting of unvested equity grants. During 2020, <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDescription_c20200101__20201231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--ExecutiveEmploymentAgreementsMember_zC0wrA8T5buk" title="Salary payment description">the Company began consistently paying salaries at 50% of the salaries reflected in the respective employment agreements. As of September 2021, the Company began paying full salaries. Throughout 2022, the Company returned to paying partial salaries and by October 2023 the company stopped paying 100% in an effort to conserve cash. See Note 3 – Related Party Transactions for details related to forgiveness of accrued compensation during the year ended December 31, 2023. <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDescription_c20231218__20231218__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--ExecutiveEmploymentAgreementsMember_zivH6mCpdbbi" title="Salary payment description">On December 18, 2023, various employees agreed to reduce their annual base salary to 20% of their original base salary effective October 1, 2023 until the time the Company raises additional capital from securities in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “Reduction Period”). Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, the bases salaries shall adjust to be 105% of their original base salary as set forth in their original agreements. As of December 4, 2024, the <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDescription_c20241204__20241204__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--ExecutiveEmploymentAgreementsMember_zHiERRUgDpCe" title="Salary payment description">base salaries was adjusted to 105% of the original base salaries and the Company started paying a 100% of the salaries. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2024 and 2023 Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued Licensing and Royalty Agreements - Aquanova AG On September 15, 2016, the Company entered into a Development, Collaboration and License Agreement (“License Agreement”) with Aquanova AG, a German company in the field of development, manufacturing and selling of colloidal formulas. The License Agreement resulted in the creation of the pharmaceutic product, JOTROL. The License Agreement is in effect until product launch, which is undeterminable at this time. The Chief Scientific Officer of the Company and the CEO of Aquanova are the joint inventors of JOTROL. Aquanova is assignee on the patents in the United States, the European Union, China and Japan whereas the Company is obligated to maintain the patents. The agreement grants ownership to the Company for regulatory approvals and the sole and exclusive worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize all products, including JOTROL. Aquanova is granted the exclusive license to conduct formulation development and manufacturing. The agreement also defines fees owed to Aquanova for product and formulation development and licensing of the products. The Company is required to pay Aquanova an annual license fee of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--LicenseFee_c20160915__20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zioK5XQHmP68" title="Annual license fee">75,000 upon acceptance of the product formulation by both parties, with the license fee requirement ending in the year of marketing authorization approval (“MMA”) in a single territory. MMA has not yet been received as of the period ended September 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--AccruedLicenseFees_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_z1MCcUGh6wVc" title="Accrued license fees">75,000 and $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--AccruedLicenseFees_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zmQ12TVSNGJj" title="Accrued license fees">150,000 of accrued license fees are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the balance sheet, respectively. Upon receipt of approval of the MMA in each territory (e.g., United States, European Union, China, Japan), the Company will pay $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zeEqVrVfcc9i" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--EuropeanUnionMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zJ01cTUHJIKj" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--CN__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zbN4twoDyRs" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--JP__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zh5NK4O0DmUg" title="Commitments">200,000 to Aquanova per territory an MMA approval is received, up to a max of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zOdES37Ciq0h" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--EuropeanUnionMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zgwmuYcSZJla" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--CN__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zIl7gW9JCVz4" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--JP__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zJC85EALFmyl" title="Commitments">600,000. The Company shall pay Aquanova a royalty of 5% of net sales in each territory through the later of ten years after the first commercial sale, the first date there is no valid claim within the Aquanova patent rights, or the date of expiration of the MMA in each territory. Upon mutual agreement, the Company can pay a one-time royalty of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--RoyaltyExpense_c20160915__20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_z9DUQkCh4YYj" title="Royalty amount">3,000,000 within 180 days of United States marketing approval, with subsequent royalty payments reduced to <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--RoyaltyPercentage_dp_uPure_c20160915__20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zqg1Spt9jQf4" title="Royalty payments percentage">1.25%, in accordance with the terms set forth above. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute On September 1, 2015, the Company entered into a Global Development and License Agreement (“License Agreement II”) with Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (“MCRI”), an Australian Institute at the Royal Children’s Hospital in Australia, with the know-how in the process of using pharmaceutical grade Resveratrol for the treatment of Friedreich’s ataxia. The License Agreement II is for both parties to work jointly to develop an appropriate delivery system and conduct clinical trials for the purpose of product approval in the treatment of Friedreich’s ataxia and worldwide commercialization by the Company. The License Agreement II grants an exclusive worldwide license to the Company to use the MCRI know-how for developing, manufacturing and commercializing the product for proposed treatment for Friedreich’s ataxia. MCRI is granted an irrevocable, royalty free, worldwide license to use the product inventions and patent rights for internal research and development. Upon receipt of approval of the MMA in each territory (e.g., United States, European Union, China, Japan), the Company will pay $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zVVpb1xAV9pi" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--EuropeanUnionMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zI5UQxPVmFwk" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--CN__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zc6uolsU8Tm8" title="Commitments"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--JP__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zDhdyjhULDTa" title="Commitments">100,000 to MCRI per each territory up to a maximum of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember_zHYbFbMqr5d5" title="License fee payable"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--EuropeanUnionMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember_ziBuGnUpVqi9" title="License fee payable"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--CN__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember_zeGa6pP3zOAb" title="License fee payable"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--JP__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember_zbybBEnSwjYa" title="License fee payable">300,000. MMA has not yet been received as of September 30, 2024. The Company shall pay MCRI a royalty of <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--RoyaltyPercentage_dp_uPure_c20150901__20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember_zV1PO6p1oJG" title="Royalty percentage">1.5% of net sales in each territory until the product is no longer sold in the respective territory. Research and Development Service Providers In addition to the services received under the licensing agreements noted above, a substantial portion of the research and development (“R&D”) expense included in the statement of operations is incurred pursuant to short term service and consulting agreements with third party providers for research, development, testing and manufacturing services. The agreements generally provide termination, at any time by either party without cause, upon a 30-day written notice, unless otherwise disclosed below. There are no pending milestone payments due as of December 31, 2024. Service Agreements On June 3, 2024, the Company entered into three 36-month service agreements with three different entities. The Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__us-gaap--ServiceAgreementsMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_z0llvEvw9o91">3,487,500 restricted shares of common stock, <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__us-gaap--ServiceAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--EntityThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zaMDj4n9L1Ca">1,162,500 restricted shares of common stock to each entity. The shares were to be registered upon an IPO as long as an IPO happens no later than March 31, 2025. Either party is able to terminate the respective agreement with no liability upon the occurrence of i) the Company failing to raise at least $10 million in gross proceeds from an IPO prior to May 31, 2025, ii) if either party is involved in any illegal activity or iii) at any time as long as both parties agree to it. The shares were registered in the IPO. The Company initially will recognize stock based compensation expense from the effective date of the agreement through the date the obligations are met with the remaining expense being amortized over the remaining term of the 36-months per the services agreements. Upon the occurrence of the initial public offering the Company recorded stock based compensation expense for services provided of $779,411, and through December 31, 2024 the Company recorded an additional stock based compensation expense of $114,373 for a total stock based compensation expense of $893,784. The future stock based compensation expense as of December 31, 2024 is $3,744,591. In addition, each of the entities agreed to purchase <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240603__20240603__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__us-gaap--ServiceAgreementsMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_z8hHpJOMnXQd">37,500 shares each of the Company’s common stock at a price of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockPricePerShare_iI_c20240603__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__us-gaap--ServiceAgreementsMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zvosJLdlsfi2">1.33 per share prior to the occurrence of the IPO and these shares were registered in the IPO.

130400

150000

P61M

3783

69642

116070

71329

119542

0.0081 0.0081 Schedule of Operating Lease Right-of-use Asset and Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_zjXedK3vGvzb" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20231231_zaBZj5BsrKf6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use asset (“ROU”) is summarized below:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetBeforeAccumulatedAmortization_iI_maOLROUzjlN_zky1ITclYdge" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Office lease ROU</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAccumulatedAmortization_iNI_di_msOLROUzjlN_zxy4achNrSg9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less accumulated reduction</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(166,367</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(119,939</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iTI_mtOLROUzjlN_z2UYyCgw2IW5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance of ROU, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">69,642</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">116,070</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liability related to the ROU asset is summarized below:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--OperatingLeaseLiabilityGross_iI_maOLLzx0H_zCC3NGpv0UN3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Office lease liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--ReductionOfOperatingLeaseLiability_iNI_di_msOLLzx0H_zxeDkA76Unjj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reduction of lease liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(164,680</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(116,467</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzx0H_zPCMyHZGUjAa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">119,542</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 236009 236009 166367 119939

69642

116070

236009 236009 164680 116467

71329

119542

Future minimum lease liability payments under non-cancelable operating lease at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows: Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Liability Payments Under Non-cancelable Operating Lease <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49B_20241231_zOBBBmdF8Xza" style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49D_20231231_zWCHCVI2E1rb" style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueComingMonths_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zHwSvLVYQTbj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: justify">2024</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">49,004</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zHGz1C9dnoei" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">2025</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,476</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,476</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zqJrrwcXVd35" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">2026</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtLOLLPztZn_zr2cl3fL9747" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Total lease payments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">71,766</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">120,770</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_zRvKD79mQFS5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less: imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(437</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,228</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_zbim3LUkNbHk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">119,542</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zmmRwqZ9Fjzj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Current operating lease liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,082</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">48,213</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zPVIthQkBVd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Non-current operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">21,247</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzH2R_z6Q3vRi4Jvrb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">119,542</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

49004

50476

21290

71766

120770

437

1228

71329

119542

50082

48213

21247

71329

119542

17740 20844 P2Y

2300000

0.05

0.05 P36M

2300000

54612

the Company began consistently paying salaries at 50% of the salaries reflected in the respective employment agreements. As of September 2021, the Company began paying full salaries. Throughout 2022, the Company returned to paying partial salaries and by October 2023 the company stopped paying 100% in an effort to conserve cash.

On December 18, 2023, various employees agreed to reduce their annual base salary to 20% of their original base salary effective October 1, 2023 until the time the Company raises additional capital from securities in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “Reduction Period”). Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, the bases salaries shall adjust to be 105% of their original base salary as set forth in their original agreements.

base salaries was adjusted to 105% of the original base salaries and the Company started paying a 100% of the salaries

75000 75000 150000

200000

600000

0.05

3000000

0.0125

100000

300000

0.015 P36M

3487500

1162500

P36M

779411

114373

893784

3744591

37500

1.33

Note 9 – Segment Report The Company’s Chief Executive Officer serves as the CODM and evaluates the financial performance of the business and makes resource allocation decisions on a consolidated basis. As a result, the Company operates as a single reportable segment under ASC 280, Segment Reporting, defined by the CODM as JOTROL Drug Development. The Company operates in one reportable segment, JOTROL Drug Development, which includes all activities related to the development of JOTROL, to address unmet medical needs and improve the lives of patients. The determination of a single reportable segment is consistent with the financial information regularly provided to the Company’s CODM, who reviews and evaluates net loss for purposes of assessing performance, making operating decisions, allocating resources and planning and forecasting for future periods. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets.

Note 10 – Subsequent Events The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Financial Statements.

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34821

69642

905297

1478721

3783

2576259

6202409

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396483

1849052

1415093

4350

1064

6695

33961

50082

146432

2518842

2009154

21247

2518842

2030401

0.0001

5000000

0.0001

125000000

34294546

33103860

3429

3310

32145983

30190827

-32091995

-26022129

57417

4172008

2576259

6202409

816697

91911

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291655

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33627

138

9885

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217821

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9019

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-0.07

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34039906

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33445006

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212608

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212608

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40000 573424

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2547 1151

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81869

117555

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541135

3286

110475

-3045713

-215225

137000

50000

187000

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723797

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60000 266667 75000

<p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock_zmZNq5Slq2F5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. (“JNS,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a clinical stage research and development pharmaceutical company located in Jupiter, Florida. The Company incorporated in Delaware in January 2016. The Company has developed a unique resveratrol platform product primarily targeting treatment of neuro-inflammation. The product candidate, called JOTROL, has many potential indications of use for rare diseases. We are primarily targeting Parkinson’s Disease. In addition, and more broadly, JOTROL has potential indications for use related to the rare diseases Mucopolysaccharidoses Type 1, Friedreich’s Ataxia, and MELAS as well as the larger Mild Cognitive Impairment/early Alzheimer’s disease. JOTROL has the potential to deliver a therapeutically effective dose of resveratrol in the blood stream, using a unique patented micellar formulation, without causing gastrointestinal side effects. Based on the results of the Company’s Phase I study, JOTROL may resolve the major obstacle of resveratrol’s poor bioavailability, which has been documented in various scientific articles describing previously conducted human trials with resveratrol as well as preclinical trial results in mice and rats. The Company’s Phase 1 dose finding pharmacokinetics (“PK”) study was completed in 2021 and funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging, an institute of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (“NIH”): Safety and Pharmacokinetics of JOTROL for Alzheimer’s Disease, Federal Award Identification Number R44AG067907-01A1 (the “Award”). This Phase 1 PK study will be homogeneous for all indications where JOTROL will be used in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Initial Public Offering In December 2024, the Company’s sold <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20241201__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zwODBV48Upoj" title="Sale of shares of common stock">2,750,000 shares of Common Stock at a price of $4.00 per share for gross proceeds of $11 million before underwriting discounts and other related expenses in a registered initial public offering (the “IPO”). Net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering-related expenses, were approximately $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCosts_pp0d_c20241201__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_z9eWbSUznvpj" title="Underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses">9,725,213. In connection with the Public Offering, the Company’s Common Stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “JUNS.” Nasdaq Minimum Bid Price Compliance On March 21, 2025, the Company received a notification letter from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) indicating that the Company was not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), which requires listed securities to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for at least 30 consecutive business days. Based on the 30 consecutive business days from February 6, 2025 through March 20, 2025, the Company’s Common Stock failed to meet this requirement. Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company was provided 180 calendar days, or until September 17, 2025, to regain compliance by maintaining a minimum closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. On July 9, 2025, the Company received written confirmation from Nasdaq that it had regained compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as the closing bid price of its common stock had been at or above $1.00 per share for 13 consecutive business days (June 18, 2025 through July 8, 2025). JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2750000

4.00

11000000

9725213

1.00 1.00 1.00

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies Basis of presentation, Liquidity and Management’s Plans The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). U.S. GAAP contemplates the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company has had no revenues from product sales since inception and incurred a net loss of $6,069,866 and had negative cash flows of operations totaling $3,045,713 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and a cumulative net loss since inception totaling $32,091,995. In management’s opinion, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this report. The Company plans to finance future operations with proceeds from equity securities, grant awards and strategic collaborations. However, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to affect transactions on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Business Segment Business segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and relied upon when making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM reviews total revenues, total expenses, and expenses by functional classification, using this information to make decisions on a company-wide basis. The Company views its operations and manages its business in two operating segments: (i) the production and sale of premium nutritional supplements, and (ii) pharmaceutical operations focused on the development of drug candidates. Use of Estimates Preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and those estimates may be material. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions, which include both quantitative and qualitative assessments that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Significant estimates during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 include valuation of share based arrangements and those related to the recognition and disclosure of income taxes. Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments that have maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. From time to time, the Company has cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit of $250,000. As of September 30, 2025 cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of the FDIC limit totaled $468,589. Prepaid Contracts Prepaid contracts are related to certain agreements for which the services are being rendered by the counterparty over the three year term of the agreement and the value of which is expensed ratably over that term. See further discussion in Note 6 - Stockholders’ Equity. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as subject enrollment, monitoring visits, clinical site activations, or information provided to us by our vendors with respect to their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements as prepaid or accrued research and development expense, as the case may be. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of net operating loss carryforwards. The impact of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred taxes, if any, applied during the years in which temporary differences are expected to be settled, is reflected in the financial statements in the period of enactment. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, if, based on weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance is necessary for the net deferred tax assets. Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock, using the treasury stock method, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive. <p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zlKjoFb7W4G7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes outstanding instruments at September 30, 2025 excluded from the computation of diluted EPS as to do so would have been antidilutive: Schedule of Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49D_20250101__20250930_zwo21fm3KEwg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommonStockOptionsMember_z3Xy30MyQerc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify">Common stock options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">11,726,093</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Stock-Based Compensation The grant date fair value of stock-based awards issued to employees, non-employees and members of the board of directors, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and ratably expensed over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting term of the award. The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock, risk-free interest rates and future dividend yields. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Clinical Trial Expenses When applicable in preparing financial statements, the Company estimates clinical trial-related expenses based on contracts with vendors, clinical sites, and consultants. Because payment timing often differs from service delivery, the Company records expenses according to actual service performance and trial progression, using discussions with internal staff and external providers. Estimates are periodically adjusted as actual results become known. Accurate accruals depend on timely reporting from third-party vendors, and differences between estimated and actual expenses, though not expected to be significant, may occur. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements The Company measures and presents financial instruments at estimated Fair Value. Fair Value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments are based on pertinent information available to the Company at each reporting date. Disclosures related to fair value are categorized in a three level hierarchy (“Fair Value Hierarchy”), generally based on whether the inputs to the valuation techniques utilized to calculated fair value are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy are briefly described as follows: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore developed using estimates and assumptions developed by us, which reflect those that a market participant would use.</td></tr> </table> In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy, the level in which the fair value of a financial instrument is classified is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. The amount reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for note payable, related party approximates fair value as the interest rate substantially equivalent the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for an instrument with similar terms and time to maturity. See Note 5 - Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued Derivative Instruments Derivative instruments measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives instruments recorded as assets or liabilities are recognized in earnings at each reporting period. Leases Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and related operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected term of the lease after taking into account the likelihood of renewals and textensions.at inception. In the event an implicit interest rate is not present in the lease agreement, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception in order to determine the present value. Short term leases with an initial term of less than twelve months are expensed as incurred.

Basis of presentation, Liquidity and Management’s Plans The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). U.S. GAAP contemplates the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company has had no revenues from product sales since inception and incurred a net loss of $6,069,866 and had negative cash flows of operations totaling $3,045,713 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and a cumulative net loss since inception totaling $32,091,995. In management’s opinion, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this report. The Company plans to finance future operations with proceeds from equity securities, grant awards and strategic collaborations. However, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to affect transactions on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

-6069866

-3045713

-32091995

Business Segment Business segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and relied upon when making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM reviews total revenues, total expenses, and expenses by functional classification, using this information to make decisions on a company-wide basis. The Company views its operations and manages its business in two operating segments: (i) the production and sale of premium nutritional supplements, and (ii) pharmaceutical operations focused on the development of drug candidates.

Use of Estimates Preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and those estimates may be material. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions, which include both quantitative and qualitative assessments that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Significant estimates during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 include valuation of share based arrangements and those related to the recognition and disclosure of income taxes.

Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments that have maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. From time to time, the Company has cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit of $250,000. As of September 30, 2025 cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of the FDIC limit totaled $468,589.

250000

468589

Prepaid Contracts Prepaid contracts are related to certain agreements for which the services are being rendered by the counterparty over the three year term of the agreement and the value of which is expensed ratably over that term. See further discussion in Note 6 - Stockholders’ Equity.

Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as subject enrollment, monitoring visits, clinical site activations, or information provided to us by our vendors with respect to their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements as prepaid or accrued research and development expense, as the case may be. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of net operating loss carryforwards. The impact of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred taxes, if any, applied during the years in which temporary differences are expected to be settled, is reflected in the financial statements in the period of enactment. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, if, based on weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance is necessary for the net deferred tax assets.

Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock, using the treasury stock method, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive. <p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zlKjoFb7W4G7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes outstanding instruments at September 30, 2025 excluded from the computation of diluted EPS as to do so would have been antidilutive: Schedule of Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49D_20250101__20250930_zwo21fm3KEwg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommonStockOptionsMember_z3Xy30MyQerc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify">Common stock options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">11,726,093</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

<p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zlKjoFb7W4G7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes outstanding instruments at September 30, 2025 excluded from the computation of diluted EPS as to do so would have been antidilutive: Schedule of Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49D_20250101__20250930_zwo21fm3KEwg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommonStockOptionsMember_z3Xy30MyQerc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify">Common stock options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">11,726,093</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

11726093

Stock-Based Compensation The grant date fair value of stock-based awards issued to employees, non-employees and members of the board of directors, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and ratably expensed over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting term of the award. The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock, risk-free interest rates and future dividend yields. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Clinical Trial Expenses When applicable in preparing financial statements, the Company estimates clinical trial-related expenses based on contracts with vendors, clinical sites, and consultants. Because payment timing often differs from service delivery, the Company records expenses according to actual service performance and trial progression, using discussions with internal staff and external providers. Estimates are periodically adjusted as actual results become known. Accurate accruals depend on timely reporting from third-party vendors, and differences between estimated and actual expenses, though not expected to be significant, may occur.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements The Company measures and presents financial instruments at estimated Fair Value. Fair Value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments are based on pertinent information available to the Company at each reporting date. Disclosures related to fair value are categorized in a three level hierarchy (“Fair Value Hierarchy”), generally based on whether the inputs to the valuation techniques utilized to calculated fair value are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy are briefly described as follows: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore developed using estimates and assumptions developed by us, which reflect those that a market participant would use.</td></tr> </table> In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy, the level in which the fair value of a financial instrument is classified is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. The amount reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for note payable, related party approximates fair value as the interest rate substantially equivalent the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for an instrument with similar terms and time to maturity. See Note 5 - Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Derivative Instruments Derivative instruments measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives instruments recorded as assets or liabilities are recognized in earnings at each reporting period.

Leases Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and related operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected term of the lease after taking into account the likelihood of renewals and textensions.at inception. In the event an implicit interest rate is not present in the lease agreement, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception in order to determine the present value. Short term leases with an initial term of less than twelve months are expensed as incurred.

Note 3 – Related Party Transactions Note payable, related party From 2023 through 2024, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) loaned the Company working capital. The balance outstanding, totaling $146,432 at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, is due on demand and accrues interest at <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20250930__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember_zLapovAH5wXj" title=" Interest rate"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember_zlQYowLMwjYe" title=" Interest rate">3% per annum. Accrued but unpaid interest relating to the loan totaled $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--InterestPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember_zs2WcuKZAul5" title="Accrued but unpaid interest">4,350 and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--InterestPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember_zkRiAT3RQWuj" title="Accrued but unpaid interest">1,064 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in accrued interest on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 – Subsequent Events – Notes payable, related party for repayment of notes. Other As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $136,105 and $64,105, respectively, were payable to Titan Advisory Services LLC (“Titan”), a company wholly owned by our Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to a Master Services Agreement (“MSA”) dated December 31, 2022. Under the MSA, Titan provides executive finance and corporate support services to the Company, including service by Saleem Elmasri as Chief Financial Officer. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 3 – Related Party Transactions, continued Equity Instruments Exchanged for Accrued Compensation In March 2024, in exchange for the issuance of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20240331__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z4pJ6L8CTtei" title="Share based compensation">49,605 stock options, with a strike price of $1.33, and <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20240331__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zXnAozygt81g" title="Restricted stock units">7,500 restricted stock units (“RSUs”), a former executive relinquished his right to receive $100,000 of previously accrued, but unpaid compensation The grant date fair value of the stock options and RSUs totaled $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--RestrictedStockIssuedForForgivenessOfAccruedCompensation_c20240301__20240331_zMQ7LR93fO2h" title="Restricted stock and stock options issued for forgiveness of accrued compensation">60,000, resulting a $40,000 gain, which is included other income in the accompanying 2024 statement of operations.

146432

0.03

4350

1064

136105

64105

49605

1.33

7500

100000

60000 40000

Note 4 – Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20250930_zfF7Pjq0sim4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20241231_zk2E4jvykmdb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_z8t4mTepWaC7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">Accounts payable</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">367,391</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">278,676</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zj3uJfVptjB3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Professional fees</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45,509</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">40,271</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AccruedRoyaltiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zKEPmrld1627" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">License fee</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">56,250</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">75,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zToKJrQJPDr6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Credit cards</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9,202</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,536</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iTI_mtAPAALz5RX_z1qacWhwMpRf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total accounts payable and accrued expenses</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">478,352</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">396,483</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Accrued compensation of $1,849,052 and $1,415,093 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, includes amounts due to certain executives and board fees. Prior to the effectiveness of the Company’s IPO, in order to conserve cash, certain executives agreed to defer payment for compensation earned, which was accrued. Upon the completion of the initial public offering in December 2024, the Company resumed paying the executives for compensation as it was earned. The Company will make payments to reduce the balance of accrued compensation, but only in the event the Company has available cash to do so without otherwise negatively impacting the Company’s business plans. On July 2, 2025, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) approved the grant of an aggregate of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250702__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_z6Aorl0JMsw1" title="Stock options issued">357,448 stock options issued to certain executives with an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date, a ten-year term, and which vest in equal annual installments over a three-year period, subject to continued employment. In addition, the Compensation Committee approved cash bonuses totaling $449,000 payable to certain officers and a third-party advisor for services render through December 31, 2024. However, the payment of such amounts is contingent upon the Company maintaining cash on hand of at least $3,500,000. Accordingly, no payments will be made until this condition is satisfied. The Company accrued for the liability as accrued compensation as of September 30, 2025. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20250930_zfF7Pjq0sim4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20241231_zk2E4jvykmdb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_z8t4mTepWaC7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">Accounts payable</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">367,391</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">278,676</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zj3uJfVptjB3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Professional fees</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45,509</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">40,271</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AccruedRoyaltiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zKEPmrld1627" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">License fee</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">56,250</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">75,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_maAPAALz5RX_zToKJrQJPDr6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Credit cards</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9,202</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,536</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iTI_mtAPAALz5RX_z1qacWhwMpRf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total accounts payable and accrued expenses</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">478,352</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">396,483</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

367391

278676

45509

40271

56250

75000

9202

2536

478352

396483

1849052

1415093

357448

449000

3500000

Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability Convertible Debt I Between August and December 2021, the Company issued convertible notes (collectively, “Notes I”) totaling $527,650, originally maturing on July 31, 2022, with an interest rate of 1%. Notes I featured an automatic conversion feature upon an IPO into Common Stock at <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--InitialPublicOfferingPricePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20211231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertibleDebtOneMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zWQj1eLydcJk" title="Offering price">70% of the IPO price. Various amendments extended the maturity, ultimately to December 31, 2024, and increased the interest rate to 10%. In December 2024, following a successful IPO, the then outstanding principal and accrued interest totaling $636,852 Notes I converted into <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_c20241231__20241231__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertibleDebtOneMember_zzyS9BHckCk" title="Converted shares of common stock">227,447 shares of Common Stock at $2.80 per share. Convertible Debt II On April 11, 2022, the Company issued a senior secured convertible note (“Note II”) and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfUnits_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember_zwnQr5dtLfff" title="Principal amount shares">514,403 shares of Common Stock for net proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_c20220411__20220411__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteConvertibleDebtTwoMember_zuM2N9SfPmh7" title="Common stock for net proceeds">977,333 ($1,000,000 less origination costs and an embedded discount). Note II had an original principal of $1,111,111. The original terms of Note II included, among other provisions, penalties and stock conversions at substantial discounts upon default or qualified offerings. Various amendments were executed which extended principal repayment dates and increased repayment premiums resulting in losses on debt extinguishment totaling $887,946 in 2023. On April 24, 2024, Note II was further modified, removing the conversion feature, increasing principal to $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfUnits_c20240424__20240424__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredNoteMember_zeaVqNnxMbOh" title="Shares issued value of conversion">1,377,778, and extending the maturity, resulting in a gain on modification of $951,868 and an increase to derivative liability of $407,494. Note II was fully repaid in December 2024 for $2,102,797, which included all outstanding principal and accrued interest. Convertible Debt III On March 1, 2023, the Company issued a convertible note (“Note III”) with a principal amount of $150,000 in connection with an investor relations settlement, maturing February 28, 2026 and a compounding 5% annual interest rate. In December 2024, the then outstanding balance of Note III totaling $178,386 was fully repaid, which included all then outstanding principal and accrued interest. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 5 – Convertible Debt and Derivative Liability, continued Interest During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, interest expense of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20240701__20240930__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_z5f9lqrOmsV6" title="Interest expense">96,924 and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20240101__20240930__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--ConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember_zdgfVdh85l99" title="Interest expense">186,906, respectively, is included in the accompanying 2024 condensed consolidated statement of operations, related to Notes I, II and III (collectively, the “Notes”), all of which were paid in full in December 2024. Embedded Derivative Based on the terms of the Notes, the Company determined, at the time of issuance, that the conversion option represented an embedded component of a host instrument, the Notes, and was required to be accounted for separately as a derivative financial instrument. Accordingly, the Company recorded the value of the embedded conversion option as a derivative liability with a corresponding discount to the face value of the Notes at the time of issuance. Thereafter, the derivative liability was measured at fair value, as determined using a Monte Carlo valuation model, at each reporting date and changes in fair value were recognized through earnings. During the second quarter of 2024, the terms of Note II were modified including the terms of the conversion option accounted for as a derivative liability. In connection therewith, the fair value of the derivative liability was measured based on the modified terms and as a result of that remeasurement, the Company recorded a gain totaling $951,868, which is included in other income in the accompanying 2024 statement of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a loss totaling $9,885 and $53,257, respectively, relating to the change in the fair value of the derivative liability. There was no such gain or loss during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025 as the Notes were paid in full in December 2024 eliminating the related derivative liability. Significant assumptions utilized in the determination of the fair value of derivative liabilities utilizing a Monte Carlo valuation model were as follows: Schedule of Fair Value Derivative Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20250930_zOIWsn79qXB" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">September 30, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember_zOSIas4ymsFj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Dividend Rate</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember_zJrs9ZmmE1xk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify">Term</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">0.13</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember_zCCOz8i94lq1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Volatility</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">90</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputRiskFreeInterestRateMember_zDa6IL0c75eg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Risk-free rate</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.0</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__custom--MeasurementInputProbabilityofIPOMember_z3xGDgTnvBc4" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Derivative liability, measurement input</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">60</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

527650

2022-07-31

0.01

0.70

0.10

636852

227447

2.80

514403

977333

1000000

1111111

887946

1377778

951868

407494

2102797

150000

2026-02-28

0.05

178386

96924

186906

951868

9885

-53257

Significant assumptions utilized in the determination of the fair value of derivative liabilities utilizing a Monte Carlo valuation model were as follows: Schedule of Fair Value Derivative Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20250930_zOIWsn79qXB" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">September 30, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember_zOSIas4ymsFj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Dividend Rate</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember_zJrs9ZmmE1xk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify">Term</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">0.13</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputPriceVolatilityMember_zCCOz8i94lq1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Volatility</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">90</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputRiskFreeInterestRateMember_zDa6IL0c75eg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Risk-free rate</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.0</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DerivativeLiabilityMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_hus-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__custom--MeasurementInputProbabilityofIPOMember_z3xGDgTnvBc4" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Derivative liability, measurement input</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">60</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

0.13

5.0

Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Common Stock The Company is authorized to issue 125,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The Company had 34,294,546 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025. There were no shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zhKSRhWlhid2" title="Number of restricted shares issued">103,186 shares of Common Stock, with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_z6UFS3nUsHil" title="Shares issued for services rendered">66,000, as consideration for services rendered related to media and investor relations activities, strategic communications support, enhancement to the Company’s market visibility and shareholder engagement. The fair value of the shares issued was determined based on the market price of the Company’s Common Stock at the date of issuance and is included general and administrative expenses in the accompanying 2024 condensed consolidated statement of operations. See Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity – Restricted Stock Units for additional details regarding the issuance and reversal of Common Stock related to the vested restricted stock units. See Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity – Warrants for additional details regarding the issuance of Common Stock upon amendment and exercising of warrants. Service Agreement On June 3, 2024, The Company entered into service agreements with three separate entities, each with a 36-month term. In connection therewith the Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240630__20240630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zadHgCA3Llze" title="Issued of aggregate restricted share of common stock">3,487,500 restricted shares of Common Stock, <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240630__20240630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--EntityThreeMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zsRiEjetpiW4" title="Issued of aggregate fair value shares">1,162,500 ratably to each entity with an aggregate fair value at issuance totaling $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20240630__20240630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zPuPQyEIKpQi" title="Number of restricted shares issued, value">4,638,375 which were registered upon the closing of the IPO in December 2024. In addition, each of the entities agreed to and ultimately purchased <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240630__20240630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z6EVnsgDP3Bc" title="Number of stock purchase">37,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a purchase price of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20240630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zLMd1OaXwmY8" title="Share purchase price">1.33 per share prior to the effective date of the IPO, resulting in aggregate proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_c20240630__20240630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_ztJYNSYZemH8" title="Aggregate proceeds share issuance">150,000. Pursuant to the agreements, the counterparties are obligated to perform certain services, as defined, and the Company is recognizing the fair value of the issued restricted shares as compensation expense over the 36-month term, the requisite service period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 the Company recorded compensation expense of $389,707 and $1,156,410, respectively, related to the agreement, which in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. There was no such expense recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to the timing of the execution of the service agreements. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity, continued Stock Options The Company grants stock under the provisions of its 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). On January 24, 2024, the Company granted <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20240124__20240124__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zfhCSaKJ0LC5" title="Granted stock option purchase shares">180,000 stock options to a consultant with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240124__20240124__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zoEOYY0q1Yr3" title="Stock option exercise price">1.33 per share and a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iI_c20240124__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zv7bLz7Wodcl" title="Grant date fair value">190,560, of which <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20240124__20240124__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zOwRFPUHHpC9" title="Vesting period description">50% vested immediately with the remaining 50% being vested over a 12 month period. As discussed in Note 3 – Related Party Transactions - Equity Instruments Exchanged for Accrued Compensation, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued additional options related to accrued compensation. On June 10, 2025, the Company granted <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20250610__20250610__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zZM4tVYOuQQi" title="Granted stock option purchase shares">250,000 stock options to a consultant with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20250610__20250610__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zmXXr1bbyXIi" title="Stock option exercise price">0.97 per share and a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iI_c20250610__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zHNomBE6oDBe" title="Grant date fair value">191,168, and a <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250610__20250610__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zwmdHVRzRNq9" title="Stock optons term">10-year term. The <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20250610__20250610__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQMpUrhOQkKj" title="Shares vesting percentage">25% of the stock options vest immediately on the grant date, with the remaining <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250610__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy5mxZvf2ns9" title="Stock options vested">187,500 options vesting in equal monthly installments ratably beginning in July 2025 through May 2027. On July 2, 2025, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250702__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_zUNVr8WrwnS5" title="Stock options issued">357,448 stock options issued to certain executives. The stock options have an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20250702__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_z7a0eNRsq5si" title="Stock options exercise price">1.19 per share, representing the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on Nasdaq on the date of grant. <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20250702__20250702__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_zRGCvRczGO4j" title="Vesting period description">The stock options have a 10-year term and vest in equal installments over a three (3) year period beginning on the grant date of July 2, 2025, subject to the officers’ continued employment at the time of vesting. On September 5, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of 374,755 stock options to two consultants with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20250905__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--TwoConsultantsMember_zitBM4qkzI01">1.23 per share and a grant date fair value of $340,900. The stock options have a 10 year term and <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20250905__20250905__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--TwoConsultantsMember_z5kkmHCmIKFg">25% of the stock options vest immediately on the grant date, with <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250905__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--TwoConsultantsMember_zfmvHPSfEwEj">281,066 options vesting in equal monthly installments until September 5, 2027. The Company also granted 109,902 stock options to one of the consultants with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20250905__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantsMember_z6XragWdvrdd">1.23 per share and a grant date fair value of $100,000, and a <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250905__20250905__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantsMember_zlH781CYLpK8">10 year term that vest solely upon achievement of performance conditions as follows: (a) 15% per Ambassador (maximum of three) referred by consultant and subsequently engaged by the Company, (b) 20% if consultant is instrumental in arranging a distribution arrangement not previously pursued by the Company, on terms acceptable to the Company, (c) 20% when such Distribution Contract achieves $1 million in annual sales and (d) 15% when the consultant arranges the first Celebrity Golf Tournament featuring Nugevia on terms and conditions acceptable to the Company. <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueTableTextBlock_ze6Tj4lKIYL3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The significant inputs utilized to determine the grant date fair value of stock options issued during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows: Schedule of Grant Date Fair Value of Stock Options Issued <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">Dividend Yield</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">0</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">0</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Weighted average expected term (years)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zH3O2WRms35d" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">5.38-<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zlrMvpXxQQO6" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">6.00</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zGwjPQHkRpr5" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">5.75-<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDVugITrvAd1" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">6</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Volatility</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zYCeplzFbHU5" title="Volatility">65.68-<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zYM0w6GHJQS" title="Volatility">101.98</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zzYuyBqqAtC7" title="Volatility">97.3-<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z0GY99Wo9kJl" title="Volatility">105.8</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Risk-free rate</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zrtsAr0BXjgh" title="Risk free rate">3.86-<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zrXjvXCFjF44" title="Risk free rate">4.18</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4.10</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Weighted average exercise price</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.97</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity, continued A summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is presented below: Schedule of Stock Option Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20250101__20250930_zWnn0P7kK1V" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, beginning balance">10,633,988</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20250101__20250930_z0MjuZIamsml" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, beginning balance">1.02</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zCWSDJJV9N5g" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.25</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20250101__20250930_zoz3jQDTZgH1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, beginning balance">102,921,147</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Granted</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20250101__20250930_zekga7Nh7ww4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, granted">1,092,105</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930_zwGFn86hgTE2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, granted">1.16</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Exercised</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20250101__20250930_zJ1K3aobExVj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercised">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930_zhxsSrfQneY2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercised">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Forfeited</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20250101__20250930_zY7ggJ3MkWh8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930_zCSUnl36cl5l" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20250101__20250930_zt6M9kSeULha" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, ending balance">11,726,093</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20250101__20250930_z1MkpMP5JGkc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, ending balance">1.03</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930_zrXYABjcFjw6" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">5.68</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_c20250101__20250930_z7fSIzTgdYza" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, ending balance">8,533,901</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Exercisable as of September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20250101__20250930_zBaDFEmz0xje" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercisable">10,814,635</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20250101__20250930_zPfufQHPzsBe" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercisable">1.02</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20250101__20250930_zqAkfng3r9Pa" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), exercisable">5.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20250101__20250930_zRwMwBv9uPDf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable">7,994,141</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zbLjiFTRPkUk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes information related to stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2025: Schedule of Employee Stock Options Outstanding <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Outstanding Options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Vested Options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Exercise Price</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Number Outstanding at September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Number Exercisable at September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zaPCMnlfiZ6a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.01</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_z9piEQZyDNWk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">675,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zEOuXi0StYe4" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">0.25</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zHmbgUXPpEai" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">675,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zeQNTSUxxw7h" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">0.25</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zZimoxr1fof" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.74</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zoKBJEOYogxl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">1,657,564</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zofFTSQiOfEk" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">3.32</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zztOdVmmG3ua" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">1,657,564</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zjbdHgJx9oT6" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">3.32</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zuDYb55ppMTf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.80</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zpLg5fsAbyd3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">2,783,239</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zFZMxCJjkAlj" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">3.54</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zfdcwHeS0j7j" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">2,783,239</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_z8KkHIwRJnp2" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">3.54</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z8we921AcH6a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.97</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zYbvj0vwunV4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">250,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zcXyQM1Xwbn1" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">9.67</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z8qaECucAgYl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">86,968</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z2QHi6q3BV25" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">9.67</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zy3sNUSNWerd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.19</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zX4OPAezuVzf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">357,448</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_z41IIl3ItRA5" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">9.76</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_d0_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zhbNo9IQKFK2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zncmFWYNmtca" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.23</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zfO2C6rMqJxi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">484,657</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zpJbMtdjkRR" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">9.94</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_z4ZWleK9OZMl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">93,689</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zksPVljxkqlk" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">9.94</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zMgeSf2O2WSc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_z3Rfd51k3g19" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">5,461,935</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zuYJi21toU17" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">7.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zV5fnFRxs6Tf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">5,461,925</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zNEf47Ev8hAf" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">7.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_zJhpfZY1hJF" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">2.16</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_zFZaZp44kcSh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">56,250</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_z8jb51UPtqQl" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">5.71</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_zWkI55x6uP09" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">56,250</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_z1uRV9tf4u6k" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">5.71</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930_zd4X1eFjhVt5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">11,726,093</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930_zkKVdySjb9ca" title="Outstanding options, weighted average remaining life">5.68</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930_zHj06vzcurmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">10,814,635</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930_z80XXLyS6ZFb" title="Vested options, weighted average remaining life">5.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> There was $748,494 unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of September 30, 2025, which will be recognized over a period of approximately <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_dtY_c20250101__20250930_zg2NfjZiFs46" title="Cost not yet recognized, period for recognition">2.18 years. Warrants The following is a summary of the Company’s warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025: Schedule of Warrant Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Shares</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zuXIzi4jJKca" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, beginning balance">1,359,375</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iS_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zaOMaJNXBOrj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, beginning balance">0.80</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zfsMxSXIO4m4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.93</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Exercised</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7MugEnvQkS" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, exercised">(1,359,375</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareExercised_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zy0iHyXfdLId" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, exercised">0.80</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Forfeited</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zJeAjmRvokk9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareForfeited_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zMxobynNE7k2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zAi9nvNMZEqi" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, ending balance">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iE_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zxWVUzUkoVhj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, ending balance">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity, continued Effective June 22, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment with a warrant holder for a warrant to purchase 109,376 shares of Common Stock. The amendment extended the warrant’s exercise period through August 31, 2025, and clarified the exercise mechanism applicable to the warrant. The effects of the warrant modification were de minimis. On July 16, 2025 the Company entered into an amendment with a warrant holder who holds 1,249,999 warrants that clarified the exercise mechanisms. Concurrently with the amendment, the warrant holder exercised the warrants via a cashless exercise and received 913,299 shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company agreed to issue the warrant holder 86,700 shares of Common Stock. On August 12, 2025, the Company received an exercise notice from a warrant holder who holds 109,376 warrants. The warrant was exercised via a cashless exercise, and the warrant holder received 30,547 shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to the amended warrant agreement, the Company agreed to issue the warrant holder 56,954 shares of Common Stock. Restricted Stock Units Certain shares previously presented as issued and outstanding in connection with vested restricted stock units were not legally issued due to administrative delays and, accordingly, were removed from shares outstanding as of September 30, 2025. The correction reduced shares outstanding from 34,833,083 at June 30, 2025 to 34,294,546 at September 30, 2025, a decrease of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOtherShareIncreaseDecrease_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zqVBTNQc3msg" title="Increase (decrease) in common stock, share outstanding">538,537 shares, and resulted in a non-cash reclassification of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zRSI6wE7zzM8" title="Shares issued for vesting of restricted stock">163 between common stock and additional paid-in capital. The impact was immaterial to basic and diluted EPS and did not have a material effect on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Therefore, no restricted stock units were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. In June 2025, all then issued and outstanding restricted stock units of <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockSharesFullyVested_c20250601__20250630__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zCfzOhEtQFmj" title="Number of restricted shares fully vested">1,626,037 were fully vested.

125000000

5000000

34294546

103186

66000

3487500

1162500

4638375

37500

1.33

150000

389707

1156410

180000

1.33

190560

50% vested immediately with the remaining 50% being vested over a 12 month period.

250000

0.97

191168

P10Y

0.25

187500

357448

1.19

The stock options have a 10-year term and vest in equal installments over a three (3) year period beginning on the grant date of July 2, 2025, subject to the officers’ continued employment at the time of vesting.

374755

1.23

340900

0.25

281066

109902

1.23

100000

P10Y

(a) 15% per Ambassador (maximum of three) referred by consultant and subsequently engaged by the Company, (b) 20% if consultant is instrumental in arranging a distribution arrangement not previously pursued by the Company, on terms acceptable to the Company, (c) 20% when such Distribution Contract achieves $1 million in annual sales and (d) 15% when the consultant arranges the first Celebrity Golf Tournament featuring Nugevia on terms and conditions acceptable to the Company.

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueTableTextBlock_ze6Tj4lKIYL3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The significant inputs utilized to determine the grant date fair value of stock options issued during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows: Schedule of Grant Date Fair Value of Stock Options Issued <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">Dividend Yield</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">0</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">0</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Weighted average expected term (years)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zH3O2WRms35d" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">5.38-<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zlrMvpXxQQO6" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">6.00</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zGwjPQHkRpr5" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">5.75-<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDVugITrvAd1" title="Weighted average expected term (years)">6</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Volatility</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zYCeplzFbHU5" title="Volatility">65.68-<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zYM0w6GHJQS" title="Volatility">101.98</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zzYuyBqqAtC7" title="Volatility">97.3-<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z0GY99Wo9kJl" title="Volatility">105.8</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Risk-free rate</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zrtsAr0BXjgh" title="Risk free rate">3.86-<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20250101__20250930__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zrXjvXCFjF44" title="Risk free rate">4.18</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4.10</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Weighted average exercise price</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.97</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

P5Y4M17D

P6Y

P5Y9M

P6Y

0.6568

1.0198

0.973

1.058

0.0386

0.0418

0.0410

0.97

1.33

A summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is presented below: Schedule of Stock Option Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20250101__20250930_zWnn0P7kK1V" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, beginning balance">10,633,988</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20250101__20250930_z0MjuZIamsml" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, beginning balance">1.02</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zCWSDJJV9N5g" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">6.25</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20250101__20250930_zoz3jQDTZgH1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, beginning balance">102,921,147</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Granted</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20250101__20250930_zekga7Nh7ww4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, granted">1,092,105</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930_zwGFn86hgTE2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, granted">1.16</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Exercised</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20250101__20250930_zJ1K3aobExVj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercised">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930_zhxsSrfQneY2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercised">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Forfeited</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20250101__20250930_zY7ggJ3MkWh8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930_zCSUnl36cl5l" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20250101__20250930_zt6M9kSeULha" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding, ending balance">11,726,093</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20250101__20250930_z1MkpMP5JGkc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, ending balance">1.03</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930_zrXYABjcFjw6" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), outstanding">5.68</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_c20250101__20250930_z7fSIzTgdYza" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, ending balance">8,533,901</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Exercisable as of September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20250101__20250930_zBaDFEmz0xje" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, exercisable">10,814,635</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20250101__20250930_zPfufQHPzsBe" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price, exercisable">1.02</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20250101__20250930_zqAkfng3r9Pa" title="Weighted average contractual term (years), exercisable">5.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20250101__20250930_zRwMwBv9uPDf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable">7,994,141</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

10633988

1.02

P6Y3M

102921147

1092105

1.16

11726093

1.03

P5Y8M4D

8533901

10814635

1.02

P5Y3M29D

7994141

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zbLjiFTRPkUk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes information related to stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2025: Schedule of Employee Stock Options Outstanding <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Outstanding Options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Vested Options</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Exercise Price</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Number Outstanding at September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Number Exercisable at September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zaPCMnlfiZ6a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.01</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_z9piEQZyDNWk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">675,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zEOuXi0StYe4" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">0.25</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zHmbgUXPpEai" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">675,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeOneMember_zeQNTSUxxw7h" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">0.25</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zZimoxr1fof" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.74</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zoKBJEOYogxl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">1,657,564</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zofFTSQiOfEk" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">3.32</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zztOdVmmG3ua" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">1,657,564</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeTwoMember_zjbdHgJx9oT6" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">3.32</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zuDYb55ppMTf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.80</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zpLg5fsAbyd3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">2,783,239</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zFZMxCJjkAlj" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">3.54</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_zfdcwHeS0j7j" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">2,783,239</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeThreeMember_z8KkHIwRJnp2" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">3.54</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z8we921AcH6a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">0.97</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zYbvj0vwunV4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">250,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_zcXyQM1Xwbn1" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">9.67</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z8qaECucAgYl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">86,968</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFourMember_z2QHi6q3BV25" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">9.67</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zy3sNUSNWerd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.19</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zX4OPAezuVzf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">357,448</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_z41IIl3ItRA5" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">9.76</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_d0_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeFiveMember_zhbNo9IQKFK2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zncmFWYNmtca" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.23</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zfO2C6rMqJxi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">484,657</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zpJbMtdjkRR" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">9.94</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_z4ZWleK9OZMl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">93,689</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSixMember_zksPVljxkqlk" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">9.94</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zMgeSf2O2WSc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">1.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_z3Rfd51k3g19" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">5,461,935</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zuYJi21toU17" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">7.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zV5fnFRxs6Tf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">5,461,925</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeSevenMember_zNEf47Ev8hAf" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">7.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePrice_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_zJhpfZY1hJF" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Exercise price">2.16</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_zFZaZp44kcSh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">56,250</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_z8jb51UPtqQl" title="Outstanding options, weighted average contractual term">5.71</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_zWkI55x6uP09" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">56,250</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--RangeEightMember_z1uRV9tf4u6k" title="Vested options, weighted average contractual term">5.71</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20250930_zd4X1eFjhVt5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of options, outstanding">11,726,093</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20250101__20250930_zkKVdySjb9ca" title="Outstanding options, weighted average remaining life">5.68</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iI_c20250930_zHj06vzcurmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Vested options, number exercisable">10,814,635</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20250101__20250930_z80XXLyS6ZFb" title="Vested options, weighted average remaining life">5.33</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

0.01

675000

P0Y3M

675000

P0Y3M

0.74

1657564

P3Y3M25D

1657564

P3Y3M25D

0.80

2783239

P3Y6M14D

2783239

P3Y6M14D

0.97

250000

P9Y8M1D

86968

P9Y8M1D

1.19

357448

P9Y9M3D

-0

1.23

484657

P9Y11M8D

93689

P9Y11M8D

1.33

5461935

P7Y3M29D

5461925

P7Y3M29D

2.16

56250

P5Y8M15D

56250

P5Y8M15D

11726093

P5Y8M4D

10814635

P5Y3M29D

748494

P2Y2M4D

The following is a summary of the Company’s warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025: Schedule of Warrant Activity <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Shares</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zuXIzi4jJKca" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, beginning balance">1,359,375</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iS_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zaOMaJNXBOrj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, beginning balance">0.80</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageRemainingLife_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zfsMxSXIO4m4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life (years), outstanding">0.93</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Exercised</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7MugEnvQkS" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, exercised">(1,359,375</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareExercised_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zy0iHyXfdLId" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, exercised">0.80</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Forfeited</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zJeAjmRvokk9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShareForfeited_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zMxobynNE7k2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, forfeited">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Outstanding as of September 30, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zAi9nvNMZEqi" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Number of shares, outstanding, ending balance">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsWeightedAverageExercisePricePerShare_iE_c20250101__20250930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zxWVUzUkoVhj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price per share, outstanding, ending balance">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

1359375

0.80 P0Y11M4D

1359375

0.80

109376

1249999

913299

86700

109376

30547

56954

34833083

34294546

538537

163

1626037

Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies Legal Matters In the ordinary course of business, we are from time to time involved in lawsuits, claims, investigations, proceedings, and threats of litigation relating to, among other things, intellectual property, commercial arrangements, employment, and regulatory matters. While the outcome of these proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, as of September 30, 2025, we were not party to any material legal or arbitration proceedings. No governmental proceedings are pending or, to our knowledge, contemplated against us. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued Leases On May 1, 2021, the Company entered into a 61-month operating lease for office space for a base rent of $3,783 subject to a 3% yearly escalation. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use asset, net (ROU) is $34,821 and $69,642, respectively. Related lease liability totaled $33,961 and $71,329, respectively, based on an incremental borrowing rate at lease inception. Schedule of Operating Lease Right-of-use Asset and Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20250930_zZHDqJHJ9qQl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_z8yl4rogLYui" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Operating lease right-of-use asset is summarized below:</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--RightOfUseAsset_iI_maOLROUzjlN_zGiG7OmQFy1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">Right-of-use asset</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAccumulatedAmortization_iNI_di_msOLROUzjlN_zU4EsljifSQc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Less accumulated amortization</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(201,188</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(166,367</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iTI_mtOLROUzjlN_zB4ndUlUxRo2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Right-of-use asset, net</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">34,821</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">69,642</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Future minimum lease liability payments under the non-cancelable operating lease at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows: Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Liability Payments Under Non-cancelable Operating Lease <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49D_20250930_zQby3RD659r9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49E_20241231_zjuO11GIb3D1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zhEDIoaTs7xi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">12,774</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">50,476</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zOTcbE4mRFrj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">2026</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtLOLLPztZn_zYxmsRoVloni" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total lease payments</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">34,064</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">71,766</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_zbdIXoZZBPHe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Less: imputed interest</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(103</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(437</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_zGxksPNSRSwk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33,961</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zuqRSbjiuIye" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Current operating lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33,961</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">50,082</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zKMWeREUC5tb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Non-current operating lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,247</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzH2R_zqtWwMKruIt8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33,961</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued Leases, continued Short-term rental costs expended as incurred totaled $8,824 and $14,109 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and totaled $2,332 and $15,407 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Consulting Agreements The Company utilizes various consultants and advisors for clinical research, scientific advisory services and business strategies. Each consultant has an executed agreement in place defining term, compensation, duties, confidentiality, intellectual property. Agreements are evaluated for renewal upon expiration. Bonus provisions are at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and are granted on an individual agreement basis. On December 15, 2024, the Company entered into a Strategic Services Agreement (the “Dominant Treasure Agreement”) with Dominant Treasure Health Company Limited (“Dominant Treasure”). Pursuant to the terms of the Dominant Treasure Agreement, Dominant Treasure agreed to provide certain services to the Company to assist the Company in accelerating the Company’s desire to get its products developed and distributed in the Southeast Asian market. In exchange for Dominant Treasure’s has services pursuant to the Dominant Treasure Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Dominant Treasure a one-time payment of $2,300,000. In addition, if Dominant Treasure is involved in generating negotiations and conclusion of a distribution agreement for the Company in the countries of China (including Hong Kong), Singapore and Malaysia, the Company will pay Dominant Treasure a success fee of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ManagementAndServiceFeesRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20241215__20241215__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--DominantTreasureAgreementMember_zjoXSQuICieg" title="Success fee percentage">5% of any upfront and/or milestone payments to be received by the Company. If such an agreement includes a royalty payment to the Company, Dominant Treasure will receive 5% of such royalty payment. The Dominant Treasure Agreement has a term of 36 months and may be terminated at any time upon mutual agreement of the parties. The one-time payment of $2,300,000 was accounted for as a prepaid contract and expensed over three-year period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded consulting expense related to the Dominant Treasure agreement totaling $193,242 and $573,425. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued Licensing and Royalty Agreements - Aquanova AG In September 2016, the Company entered into a Development, Collaboration and License Agreement (“License Agreement”) with Aquanova AG, a German company in the field of development, manufacturing and selling of colloidal formulas. The License Agreement resulted in the creation of the pharmaceutical product, JOTROL. The License Agreement remains in effect until product launch, which is undeterminable at this time. The Chief Scientific Officer of the Company and the CEO of Aquanova are the joint inventors of JOTROL. Aquanova is the assignee on the patents in the United States, the European Union, China and Japan whereas the Company is obligated to maintain the patents. The License Agreement grants the Company ownership of any regulatory approvals as well as the sole and exclusive worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize all products, including JOTROL. Aquanova has been granted an exclusive license to conduct formulation development and manufacturing. The License Agreement defines various fees due to Aquanova for product and formulation development and licensing of the products. The Company is obligated to pay Aquanova an annual license fee of $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--LicenseFee_c20160915__20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zdAdbuM71Jmk" title="Annual license fee">75,000 in the year and each year subsequent thereto the acceptance of the product formulation by both parties. Such annual license fee requirement terminates in the year in which marketing authorization approval (“MMA”) is obtained in a single territory, which as of September 30, 2024 has not been received. Upon receipt of MMA in each territory (e.g., United States, European Union, China, Japan), the Company will be obligated to pay $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zbHEydPqeMce" title="Commitments">200,000 to Aquanova per territory in which an MMA approval obtained, up to a maximum of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z1NTuaRavgS4" title="Commitments">600,000, in aggregate. In addition, upon commercialization the Company will be obligated to pay Aquanova a royalty equal to 5% of net sales, as defined, in each territory until the later of (i) ten years after the first commercial sale; (ii) the first date there is no valid claim within the Aquanova patent rights; or (iii) the MMA expiration date in each territory. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, has accrued $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_c20250930__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zQBoC35JAeZc" title="Accrued liabilities">56,250 and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zk9lj5LZAJHa" title="Accrued liabilities">75,000, respectively, license fees which are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets Finally, pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement, upon mutual agreement, the Company may pay a one-time royalty of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--RoyaltyExpense_c20160915__20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zDmefUW7Kot3" title="Royalty amount">3,000,000 within 180 days of United States marketing approval <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--RoyaltyPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20160915__20160915__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AquanovaAGMember_zmOn7ogpM6uj" title="Royalty payments percentage">1.25% royalties on net sales in the United States in lieu of the terms as set forth above. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute In 2015, the Company entered into a Global Development and License Agreement (“License Agreement II”) with Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (“MCRI”), an Australian Institute at the Royal Children’s Hospital in Australia, with the know-how in the process of using pharmaceutical grade Resveratrol for the treatment of Friedreich’s ataxia. License Agreement II provides for joint development for a delivery system, clinical trials for the treatment of Friedreich’s ataxia, and worldwide commercialization by the Company. Furthermore, License Agreement II grants an exclusive worldwide license to the Company to use the MCRI know-how for developing, manufacturing, and commercializing the product candidate for proposed treatment for Friedreich’s ataxia. In turn, MCRI has been granted an irrevocable, royalty free, worldwide license for the use any product inventions along with patent rights for internal research and development. Upon receipt of approval of an MMA in each territory, as defined (e.g., United States, European Union, China, Japan), the Company will be obligated to pay an approval fee of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zXf4dJiFlOLe" title="Commitments">66,000 per territory up to a maximum of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherCommitment_iI_c20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--JP__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember_zrDtXEjuB6e9" title="Commitments">300,000 in aggregate, which has not yet been received as of September 30, 2025. Pursuant to the terms of License Agreement II, upon commercialization, Company will pay a royalty of <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--RoyaltyPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20150901__20150901__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--LicenseAgreementsTwoMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MurdochChildrensResearchInstituteMember_zuncgmbTrBRb" title="Royalty percentage">1.5% of net sales, as defined, in each territory to MCRI until such time as any product related to License Agreement II is no longer sold in the respective territory. JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

P61M

3783

0.03

34821

69642

33961 71329 Schedule of Operating Lease Right-of-use Asset and Liability <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20250930_zZHDqJHJ9qQl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 30,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_z8yl4rogLYui" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Operating lease right-of-use asset is summarized below:</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--RightOfUseAsset_iI_maOLROUzjlN_zGiG7OmQFy1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">Right-of-use asset</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">236,009</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAccumulatedAmortization_iNI_di_msOLROUzjlN_zU4EsljifSQc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Less accumulated amortization</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(201,188</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(166,367</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iTI_mtOLROUzjlN_zB4ndUlUxRo2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Right-of-use asset, net</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">34,821</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">69,642</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 236009 236009 201188 166367

34821

69642

Future minimum lease liability payments under the non-cancelable operating lease at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows: Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Liability Payments Under Non-cancelable Operating Lease <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49D_20250930_zQby3RD659r9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_49E_20241231_zjuO11GIb3D1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zhEDIoaTs7xi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">12,774</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">50,476</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_maLOLLPztZn_zOTcbE4mRFrj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">2026</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,290</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtLOLLPztZn_zYxmsRoVloni" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total lease payments</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">34,064</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">71,766</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_zbdIXoZZBPHe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Less: imputed interest</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(103</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(437</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_zGxksPNSRSwk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33,961</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zuqRSbjiuIye" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Current operating lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33,961</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">50,082</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzH2R_zKMWeREUC5tb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Non-current operating lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,247</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzH2R_zqtWwMKruIt8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Total lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33,961</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">71,329</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

12774

50476

21290

34064

71766

103

437

33961

71329

33961

50082

21247

33961

71329

8824

14109

2332

15407

2300000

0.05

0.05 P36M

2300000

193242 573425 75000

200000

600000

0.05

56250

75000

3000000

0.0125

66000

300000

0.015

Note 8 – Segment Report The Company’s Chief Executive Officer serves as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and evaluates the financial performance of the business and makes resource allocation decisions on a consolidated basis. During 2025, the Company began evaluating a potential realignment of its operations into two reportable segments: (i) the production and sale of premium nutritional supplements, and (ii) pharmaceutical operations focused on the development of drug candidates. However, as of September 30, 2025, the CODM has not begun reviewing operating results separately for these activities for purposes of performance assessment or resource allocation. The CODM continues to evaluate the Company’s financial performance on a consolidated basis, and the internal reporting structure does not provide discrete segment-level financial information. Management believes a transitional period is appropriate given the timing of these operational changes. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that no change in reportable segments has occurred as of September 30, 2025. The Company will continue to monitor the CODM’s review practices and internal reporting structure and will update segment disclosures in future periods if and when discrete financial information is regularly reviewed at the segment level. In accordance with ASC 280-10-50-34, if and when a change in reportable segments occurs in a future period, the Company will retrospectively recast prior-period segment disclosures to reflect the new segment structure, presenting historical information on the same basis as then reported. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company provides the entity-wide disclosures required by ASC 280, including information about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers.

Note 9 – Subsequent Events Note payable, related party On October 1, 2025, the Company repaid in full the unsecured, on demand working capital loan from its Chief Executive Officer, which accrued interest at <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251001__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zN7EWc6sGrQg" title=" Interest rate">3% per annum. The repayment consisted of the outstanding principal balance of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--LoansPayable_iI_pp0p0_c20251001__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zT4xIMpb5Ej6" title="Loans payable">146,432 and accrued but unpaid interest of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--InterestPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_c20251001__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zJ96JSCmtn42" title="Accrued but unpaid interest">4,350, for an aggregate payment of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--InterestPayableCurrent_iI_c20251001__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__srt--ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zYDYge4PDF3k" title="Aggregate payment">150,782. Following the repayment, no amounts remained outstanding under the loan. Standby Equity Purchase Agreement and Pre-Paid Advance with YA II PN, Ltd. (Yorkville) On October 24, 2025, the Company entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) and related Registration Rights Agreement with YA II PN, Ltd. (“Yorkville”), providing the Company the right, but not the obligation, to sell up to $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn5n6_c20251024__20251024__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember_zk3rwJkchv67" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction">20.0 million of common stock from time to time, subject to customary conditions, including an effective resale registration statement. Each advance is limited to <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--VolumeWeightedAveragePricePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251024__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zdC3irAznHId" title="Volume weighted average price percentage">100% of the prior 5-day average daily trading volume and priced at <span id="xdx_901_ecustom--VolumeWeightedAveragePricePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251024__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember_zGnTTPdH4AT" title="Volume weighted average price percentage">97% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) over a 3-day pricing period (subject to customary exclusions/reductions and equitable adjustments). Issuances are subject to (i) a <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--BeneficialOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251024__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zx2RN4Kdas85" title="Beneficial-ownership percentage">4.99% beneficial-ownership cap (increasable on 65 days’ notice) and (ii) a Nasdaq <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--BeneficialOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251024__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zW34VkKC2oB7" title="Beneficial-ownership percentage">19.99% cap of <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20251024__20251024__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember_zhbokbgNG7df" title="Sale of stock, number of shares issued">7,180,504 shares (the “Exchange Cap”) unless stockholder approval is obtained. The Company intends to seek such approval at its annual meeting scheduled for December 19, 2025. In connection with the SEPA, Yorkville agreed to provide up to $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherPrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20251024__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YAIIPNLtdMember_zrUH7tucFa8c" title="Pre-paid advances via convertible promissory notes">6.0 million of pre-paid advances via convertible promissory notes. On October 27, 2025, the Company received $3,720,000 and issued a $4.0 million note (<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--DebtInstrumentOriginalIssueDiscountOriginalIssueDiscountPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zA9AC4yWjHk1" title="Original issue discount percentage">7% original issue discount, “OID”). A second $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_pp0d_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--VestingAxis__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_zGIF6VGTyOO4" title="Received debt amount">1,860,000 tranche is expected upon registration effectiveness and receipt of stockholder approval, against a $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt_pn5n6_c20251027__20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--VestingAxis__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_z4jw8356bC4k" title="Proceeds from issuance of debt">2.0 million note (<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--DebtInstrumentOriginalIssueDiscountOriginalIssueDiscountPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--VestingAxis__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember_zuXYWCJNSLDe" title="Original issue discount percentage">7% OID). The notes bear interest at 8% (increasing to 18% upon default), mature on October 24, 2026, and are convertible at $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_iI_pid_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z0CSDKCG0Df5" title="Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price">1.50 per share, subject to proportional anti-dilution and price-protection adjustments (not below a contractual floor). Beginning January 7, 2026, and monthly thereafter, the Company must repay one-tenth (1/10) of the then-outstanding principal plus accrued interest (a 5% premium applies to cash repayments). Installments may be satisfied via SEPA advances without the premium, and SEPA proceeds must be applied first to repay the notes until they are repaid in full. The Company paid a $25,000 structuring fee and issued 131,909 commitment shares with an aggregate value of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted_iI_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zTraI3rCOMb1" title="Commitment shares issued value">200,000. It also engaged Revere Securities LLC as finder, for which it will pay a cash fee equal to <span id="xdx_908_ecustom--CashFeeOfPrepaidAdvancesPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z74IplqrZFA3" title="Cash fee of pre-paid advances percentage">8% of pre-paid advances and $18,000 per month for 12 months, with the aggregate monthly fees payable upon the Company raising at least $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PurchaseCommitmentRemainingMinimumAmountCommitted_iI_pn5n6_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zBUosWUcqpQ2" title="Commitment shares issued value">5.0 million in additional financing. While the notes are outstanding, the Company is prohibited from third-party variable-rate transactions, and Yorkville has agreed to no short sales. The funded note will be recorded net of OID and finder’s fees as a debt discount amortized to interest. All embedded features are being evaluated under ASC 815. The commitment shares and structuring fee are expected to be deferred offering costs of future SEPA issuances. As of the date of this filing, the Company had received $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_pn4n6_c20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YAIIPNLtdMember_zOwDfaC28esc" title="Received debt amount">3.72 million, issued the $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt_pn5n6_c20251027__20251027__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--StandbyEquityPurchaseAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YAIIPNLtdMember_zAdV2WJeGP5d" title="Proceeds from issuance of debt">4.0 million note, and no SEPA share sales occurred.

0.03

146432

4350

150782

20000000.0

1 0.97 0.0499 0.1999

7180504

6000000.0

3720000

4000000.0

0.07

1860000

2000000.0

0.07

0.08

0.18

2026-10-24

1.50

Beginning January 7, 2026, and monthly thereafter, the Company must repay one-tenth (1/10) of the then-outstanding principal plus accrued interest (a 5% premium applies to cash repayments).

25000

131909

200000

0.08

18000

5000000.0

3720000

4000000.0