Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), to supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. ASU 2014-09 is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2017. The standard will be adopted using either of two methods: (i) retrospective to each prior reporting period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients as defined within ASU 2014-09; or (ii) retrospective with the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures as defined per ASU 2014-09. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue Recognition - Principal versus Agent (reporting revenue gross versus net). Also, in April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, and in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue Recognition - Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. We will adopt these standards beginning January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. We are in the process of implementing these standards, including the relevant internal controls. While our analysis is still to be finalized, we believe that there could be impacts from period-to-period as a result of these standards with respect to the identification of performance obligations, the identification of contract acquisition costs eligible for capitalization and the determination of the related amortization period, the timing of changes to the recognition of revenue associated with contract modifications, renewals, and service level agreement bonuses and penalties, gross vs. net revenue recognition associated with outsourced mailing/postage arrangements, among other areas. We expect to need the third and fourth quarters of 2017 to quantify the impacts of these changes, if any, on our revenue recognition and to develop processes and controls to address the related financial reporting and disclosure requirements.

Service Concession Arrangements

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-10, Service Concession Arrangements (Topic 853): Determining the Customer of the Operation Services. This update clarifies that the grantor, rather than third-party drivers, is the customer of the operation services in all cases for service concession arrangements within the scope of Topic 853. We will adopt this standard alongside our implementation of ASU 2014-09.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This update requires the recognition of leased assets and lease obligations by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases under existing lease guidance. Short term leases with a term of 12 months or less are not required to be recognized. The update also requires disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. The accounting for lessors does not fundamentally change except for changes to conform and align guidance to the lessee guidance as well as to the new revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cash Flows

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This update provides specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues where current GAAP is either unclear or does not include specific guidance. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that the adoption of ASU 2016-15 may have on our statements of cash flows in future reporting periods.

Additionally, in November 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)- Restricted Cash. The update requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We held $25 million and $22 million of restricted cash reported in other current assets at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that the adoption of ASU 2016-18 may have on our statements of cash flows in future reporting periods.

Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation (Topic 718)- Stock Compensation, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update includes provisions to simplify certain aspects related to the accounting for share-based awards and the related financial statement presentation. The update also requires that excess tax benefits and deficiencies be recorded in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled as compared to equity as allowed under certain conditions by current US GAAP. This change is required to be adopted prospectively in the period of adoption. In addition, the ASU modifies the classification of certain share-based payment activities within the statements of cash flows and these changes are required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. ASU 2016-09 was effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. This update may add volatility to our income tax expense in future periods depending upon, among other things, the level of tax expense and the price of the Company's common stock at the date of vesting for share-based awards.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This update clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a shared-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms and conditions. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-09 on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory. This update requires recognition of the income-tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory. Under current GAAP, recognition of the income tax consequences for assets other than inventory could only occur upon sale to a third party. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-16 on our consolidated financial statements.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets. The update impacts financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted as of January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-01 on our consolidated financial statements, intangible assets and goodwill.

In January 2017 the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 305): Simplifying the Goodwill Impairment Test, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020; however the Company has elected the early adoption option, as permitted by ASU 2017-04, for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have any effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as goodwill has not been impaired since we adopted this standard.

Equity Method Accounting

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-07, Investments (Topic 323): Equity Method and Joint Ventures, Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting. This update eliminates the requirement that when an existing cost method investment qualifies for use of the equity method, an investor must restate its historical financial statements, as if the equity method had been used during all previous periods. Under the new guidance, at the point an investment qualifies for the equity method, any unrealized gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income(loss) ("AOCI") will be recognized through earnings. This update was effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, and did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Employee Benefit Plans

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation (Topic 715): Retirement Benefits, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This update requires an employer to report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. It also requires the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. Additionally, only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization, when applicable. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Other Updates

The FASB also issued the following Accounting Standards Updates which are not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Those updates are as follows:


•	Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250): ASU 2017-03, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323). Transition guidance included in certain issued but not yet adopted ASUs was updated to reflect this amendment.


•	Financial Instruments (Topic 825): ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments and Financial Liabilities, which is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, and is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.


•	Inventory (Topic 330): ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Subsequent Measurement of Inventory, which is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.


•	Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): ASU 2016-06, Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments, was effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, and did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows at this time.


•	Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): ASU 2016-05, Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships, was effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, and did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.