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Basis of Presentation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
References herein to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “Conduent” refer to Conduent Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context suggests otherwise.
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with the accounting policies described in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K (2016 Annual Report), and the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. You should read these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2016 Annual Report.
In our opinion, all adjustments which are necessary for a fair statement of financial position, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been made. These adjustments consist of normal recurring items. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of the full year. For convenience and ease of reference, we refer to the financial statement caption “Loss before Income Taxes ” as “pre-tax loss”.

Separation from Xerox Corporation
On December 31, 2016, Conduent Incorporated spun-off from Xerox Corporation, pursuant to the separation agreement. The separation was completed by way of a pro rata distribution of Conduent Incorporated shares held by Xerox to Xerox’s shareholders. As a result of the spin-off, we now operate as an independent, publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange, under the ticker "CNDT".
Prior to December 31, 2016, the Financial Statements of the Company were derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements and accounting records of Xerox as if the Company operated on a standalone basis and were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Historically, the Company consisted of the Business Processing Outsourcing Operating segment within Xerox’s reportable Services segment and did not operate as a separate, standalone company. Accordingly, Xerox had reported the financial position and the related results of operations, cash flows and changes in equity of the Company in Xerox’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the second quarter 2016 closing process, we determined that the first quarter 2016 income tax benefit of $25 million should have been $6 million higher. This additional income tax benefit was adjusted for and included in the six months results ended June 30, 2016. The Company concluded that this correction was not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
During the first quarter of 2017, the Company recorded out-of-period adjustments related to the December 31, 2016 compensation-related accruals, the majority of which was associated with the Xerox annual performance incentive program, which reduced first quarter 2017 Total costs and expenses within the Statement of Income (Loss) by approximately $4 million. Such prior period compensation-related accrual adjustments were not material to the first quarter 2017 or prior period financial statements, and are not expected to be material to the full year 2017 Statement of Income (Loss).