Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

K. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill, which is included in Other noncurrent assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet, was as follows:

December 31,	2018		2017
Bauxite	$	2	$	2
Alumina		3		4
Aluminum⁽¹⁾		—		—
Corporate⁽²⁾		146		148
	$	151	$	154

⁽¹⁾

The carrying value of Aluminum’s goodwill is zero, comprised of goodwill of $989 and accumulated impairment losses of $989 as of both December 31, 2018 and 2017. Additionally, the carrying value of Corporate’s goodwill is net of accumulated impairment losses of $742 as of both December 31, 2018 and 2017.

⁽²⁾

As of December 31, 2018, the $146 of goodwill reflected in Corporate is allocated to two of Alcoa Corporation’s three reportable segments ($49 to Bauxite and $97 to Alumina) for purposes of impairment testing (see Note B). This goodwill is reflected in Corporate for segment reporting purposes because it is not included in management’s assessment of performance by the two reportable segments.

Other intangible assets, which are included in Other noncurrent assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet, were as follows:

	2018							2017
December 31,	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount
Computer software	$	237	$	(211	)	$	26	$	241	$	(212	)	$	29
Patents and licenses		25		(7	)		18		25		(6	)		19
Other intangibles		19		(6	)		13		21		(7	)		14
Total other intangible assets	$	281	$	(224	)	$	57	$	287	$	(225	)	$	62

Computer software consists primarily of software costs associated with an enterprise business solution within Alcoa Corporation to drive common systems among all businesses.

Amortization expense related to the intangible assets in the tables above for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $12, $12, and $7, respectively, and is expected to be approximately $10 annually from 2019 to 2023.