Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Fair value is estimated for each class of financial instrument based on the framework established in the fair value accounting guidance. Fair value is defined as the price in the principal market that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability to facilitate an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are assumed to be independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange and not acting under duress. Fair value hierarchy disclosures are based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). Adjustments to transaction prices or quoted market prices may be required in illiquid or disorderly markets in order to estimate fair value.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets.

Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and market-corroborated inputs.

Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable for the asset or liability and are significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair values of the Company's investment portfolio are estimated using unadjusted prices obtained by its investment accounting vendor from nationally recognized third-party pricing services, where available. Values for U.S. Treasuries and exchange traded funds are generally based on Level 1 inputs, which use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. For other fixed-maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock, the pricing vendors use a pricing methodology involving the market approach, including pricing models which use prices and relevant market information regarding a particular security or securities with similar characteristics to establish a valuation. The estimates of fair value of these investments are included in the amounts disclosed as Level 2. For those investments where significant inputs are unobservable, the Company's investment accounting vendor obtains valuations from pricing vendors or brokers using the market approach and income approach valuation techniques and are disclosed as Level 3.

Management performs several procedures to ascertain the reasonableness of investment values included in the condensed consolidated financial statements, including 1) obtaining and reviewing internal control reports from the Company's investment accounting vendor that assess fair values from third party pricing services, 2) discussing with the Company's investment accounting vendor its process for reviewing and validating pricing obtained from third party pricing services and 3) reviewing the security pricing received from the Company's investment accounting vendor and monitoring changes in unrealized gains and losses at the individual security level. The Company has evaluated the various types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs.

The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, by level within the fair value hierarchy:


	March 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets
Fixed maturities:

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	13,984	$	—	$	—	$	13,984
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		217,759		—		217,759
Corporate and other securities	—		529,086		—		529,086
Asset-backed securities	—		273,658		—		273,658
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		358,035		—		358,035
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		68,893		—		68,893
Total fixed-maturity securities	13,984		1,447,431		—		1,461,415

Equity securities:
Exchange traded funds	119,288		—		—		119,288
Non-redeemable preferred stock	—		44,286		—		44,286
Total equity securities	119,288		44,286		—		163,574
Short-term investments	—		825		—		825
Total	$	133,272	$	1,492,542	$	—	$	1,625,814


	December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	6,847	$	—	$	—	$	6,847
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		228,045		—		228,045
Corporate and other securities	—		458,487		—		458,487
Asset-backed securities	—		301,775		—		301,775
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		337,685		—		337,685
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		59,227		—		59,227
Total fixed-maturity securities	6,847		1,385,219		—		1,392,066

Equity securities:
Exchange traded funds	123,389		—		—		123,389
Non-redeemable preferred stock	—		49,222		—		49,222
Total equity securities	123,389		49,222		—		172,611

Total	$	130,236	$	1,434,441	$	—	$	1,564,677

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

The Company holds cash equivalents that are managed as part of its investment portfolio and, due to the short-term maturities of these assets, the carrying value of these investments approximates fair value. The Company held cash equivalents of $29.9 million and $44.7 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. In addition, the estimated fair value of the Credit Facility approximated its carrying value as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See Note 12 for further information regarding the Credit Facility.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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