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Underwriting, Acquisition and Insurance Expenses
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Underwriting, Acquisition and Insurance Expenses [Abstract]  
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 consist of the following:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
(in thousands)
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses incurred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct commissions
 
$
9,517

 
$
8,001

 
$
26,652

 
$
22,694

Ceding commissions
 
(2,716
)
 
(2,479
)
 
(7,624
)
 
(7,291
)
Other operating expenses
 
7,049

 
5,467

 
19,739

 
17,372

Total
 
$
13,850

 
$
10,989

 
$
38,767

 
$
32,775


Other operating expenses within underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses include salaries, bonus and employee benefits expenses of $5.3 million and $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Salaries, bonus and employee benefits expenses were $15.6 million and $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.