Exhibit 7.1

RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

The following table sets out our ratios of earnings to fixed charges for each of the five years ended 31 December 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 based on information derived from our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”).

	Year ended 31 December
	2017		2016		2015		2014		2013
Earnings:
Profit from operations before taxes and share of results of associates		10,646		4,318		12,451		13,792		18,240
Add: Fixed charges (below)		4,957		4,608		2,200		2,366		2,389
Less: Interest capitalized (below)		22		12		28		39		38
Total earnings		15 581		8,914		14,623		16,119		20,591
Fixed charges:
Interest expense and similar charges		4,292		4,080		1,805		1,969		2,005
Accretion expense		541		468		289		266		261
Interest capitalized		22		12		28		39		38
Estimated interest portion of rental expense		102		48		78		92		85
Total fixed charges		4,957		4,608		2,200		2,366		2,389
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges		3.14		1.93		6.65		6.81		8.62

The ratio of earnings to fixed charges represents the number of times fixed charges are covered by earnings. For purposes of computing this ratio, earnings consist of profit from operations before taxes and share of results of associates and joint ventures, plus fixed charges, minus interest capitalized during the period. Fixed charges consist of interest and accretion expense, interest on finance lease obligations, interest capitalized, plus one-third of rent expense on operating leases, estimated by us as representative of the interest factor attributable to such rent expense.

We did not have any preferred stock outstanding and did not pay or accrue any preferred stock dividends during the periods presented above.