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Shareholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
employee
shares
Aug. 16, 2016
shares
Aug. 11, 2016
shares
Dec. 31, 2014
shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Common stock shares authorized 250,000,000 250,000,000   250,000,000    
Preferred stock, shares authorized 5,000,000 5,000,000   5,000,000    
Stock options granted 853,896 683,001 889,849      
Share-based payment award description     If Medpace Investors exercised the call right, it could do so up to the later of twelve months following the employee’s departure date or six months following the determination that the former employee was directly or indirectly engaged in competitive business activities      
Incremental stock based compensation expense | $   $ 3,100,000        
Stock-based compensation expense | $ $ 4,463,000 9,815,000 $ 22,324,000      
Stock-based compensation liability reclassified to additional paid in capital | $   10,500,000        
Stock-based compensation liability | $ 0 0        
Actual tax benefits recognized related to stock-based compensation | $ $ 500,000 $ 1,000,000 $ 4,600,000      
Vesting Equally on Second, Third and Fourth Anniversary of Grant Date Over Four Years            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Stock options granted 15,000          
Award vesting period 4 years          
RSA Modification            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Unvested restricted stock awards held by employees     688,599      
Number of current employees holding unvested restricted stock | employee     158      
Incremental stock based compensation expense | $     $ 0      
Stock-based compensation expense | $     $ 5,700,000      
Restricted Shares (RSAs and RSUs)            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Shares granted 156,000 11,111 1,253,924      
Unvested restricted stock awards held by employees 183,629 59,258 90,697     407,171
Shares granted and immediately vested 0 11,111 583,021      
Stock-based compensation liability 0 0 231,229      
Residual vested shares granted     351,851      
2016 Incentive Award Plan            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Number of shares registered and available for grant 6,000,000       6,000,000  
Awards granted 1,009,896          
Stock options granted   648,180        
Shares available for future stock compensation grants 4,300,000 5,400,000        
Plan expiration year 2026          
2016 Incentive Award Plan | Maximum            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Share-based compensation option terms 10 years          
2016 Incentive Award Plan | Vesting on October 31, 2016 and Eight equal monthly Installments            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Stock options granted   21,530        
Vesting percentage   33.00%        
Award vesting description stock options with various vesting schedules, but all of which vest within a calendar year of the respective grant date          
2016 Incentive Award Plan | Vesting After One Year | Non-employee Directors            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Stock options granted 41,346          
Award vesting period 1 year          
2016 Incentive Award Plan | Stock Options | Vesting After Four Years            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Stock options granted 797,550 626,650        
Award vesting period 4 years 4 years        
2016 Incentive Award Plan | Restricted Stock Awards (RSA) | Vesting After Four Years            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Award vesting period 4 years          
Shares granted 118,000          
2016 Incentive Award Plan | Restricted Stock Units (RSU) | Vesting After Four Years            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Award vesting period 4 years          
Shares granted 38,000          
2014 Equity Incentive Plan            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Share-based compensation option terms 7 years          
Stock options granted   45,932        
2014 Equity Incentive Plan | Maximum            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Award vesting period 4 years          
2014 Equity Incentive Plan | Minimum            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Award vesting period 3 years          
2014 Equity Incentive Plan | Vesting Equally Over Four Years            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Stock options granted   34,821        
Award vesting period   4 years        
2014 Equity Incentive Plan | Fully Vested Shares            
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Shares granted   11,111