Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2025

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 13—Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense (or benefit) has generally been determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate applied to year-to-date income and records the discrete tax items in the period to which they relate. In each quarter, the Company updates the estimated annual effective tax rate and makes a year-to-date adjustment to the tax provision as necessary.

The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2026 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate due to certain items primarily related to stock-based compensation expense, jurisdictional mix of earnings, foreign derived intangible income deduction, global intangible low-taxed income and the change in basis differences associated with tax deductible intangible assets and goodwill.

As of October 31, 2025, the Company had $6.6 million of deferred tax assets, for which it has established a valuation allowance of $1.8 million, related to U.S. federal and state taxes and for a certain international subsidiary.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions. Earnings from non-U.S. activities are subject to local country income tax. The material jurisdictions where the Company is subject to potential examination by tax authorities include the United States, Norway, Lithuania and Israel.