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Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements

Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements

Under normal market conditions, the fair value of an investment is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). Additionally, there is a hierarchal framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring investments at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the investment and the state of the market place, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Investments with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.

Investments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following levels within the fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 measurement — quoted prices are available in active markets for identical investments as of the measurement date. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these investments.

Level 2 measurement — quoted prices are available in markets that are not active or model inputs are based on inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date.

Level 3 measurement — pricing inputs are unobservable and include instances where there is minimal, if any, market activity for the investment. These inputs require significant judgment or estimation by management or third parties when determining fair value and generally represent anything that does not meet the criteria of Levels 1 and 2. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, these values may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these investments existed.

The following describes the methods the Company uses to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities:

Investment in real estate, net —The fair value is estimated by utilizing the income approach to value, using a direct capitalization analysis and discounted cash flow analysis, as well as a sales comparison approach where deemed applicable. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of the Company’s Investment in real estate, net was $552,070,000 and $179,370,000, respectively. The Company has not elected the fair value option to account for its Investment in real estate, net.

Investments in real estate-related assets —The fair value of the Pennsylvania SPE and the Illinois SPE is estimated by discounting the expected cash flows based on the market interest and preferred return rates for similar loans and preferred equity investments to the Company’s investments. The fair value of the Company’s interest in the Station DST was based upon the Station DST Property appraisal, the fair market value of the mortgage loan encumbering the Station DST Property as of September 30, 2021, and the other tangible assets and liabilities of the Station DST such as cash and reserves, each reflecting the Company’s ownership interest in the Station DST (15%). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of the Company’s Investments in real estate-related assets was $35,015,574 and $32,738,630, respectively. The Company has not elected the fair value option to account for its Investments in real estate-related assets. 

Loans payable —The fair value is estimated by discounting the expected cash flows based on estimated borrowing rates available to the Company as of the measurement date. The current period liabilities’ carrying and fair values exclude net deferred financing costs. These financial instruments are valued using Level 2 inputs. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of the Company’s loans payable was $308,800,942 and $86,521,068, respectively (excluding deferred financing costs). The Company has not elected the fair value option, and as such has accounted for its debt using the amortized cost method.  

Other financial instruments — The Company considers the carrying value of its Cash and cash equivalents to approximate its fair value because of the short period of time between its origination and its expected realization as well as its highly-liquid nature. Due to the short-term maturity of this instrument, Level 1 inputs are utilized to estimate the fair value of this financial instrument.