10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to                 

Commission file number: 001-37862

PHUNWARE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	26-4413774
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

7800 Shoal Creek Blvd	Suite 230-S	Austin	TX	78757
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 512-693-4199

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  

Title of Each Class:	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	PHUN	The NASDAQ Capital Market
Warrants to purchase one share of Common Stock	PHUNW	The NASDAQ Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 12, 2020, 43,623,404 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	35
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	36
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	36
Item 5.	Other Information	36
Item 6.	Exhibits	36
	Signatures	39

i

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Report includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under “Risk Factors” may not be exhaustive.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Phunware, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

(In thousands, except per share information)

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	154	$	276
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,190 and $3,179 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	928		1,671
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	560		368
Total current assets	1,642		2,315
Property and equipment, net	15		24
Goodwill	25,781		25,857
Intangible assets, net	175		253
Deferred tax asset	241		241
Restricted cash	91		86
Other assets	276		276
Total assets	$	28,221	$	29,052
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	9,737	$	10,159
Accrued expenses	4,415		4,035
Deferred revenue	2,980		3,360
PhunCoin deposits	1,202		1,202
Factored receivables payable	363		1,077
Current maturities of long-term debt, net	1,333		—
Total current liabilities	20,030		19,833
Long-term debt	3,810		910
Long-term debt - related party	555		195
Deferred tax liability	241		241
Deferred revenue	2,876		3,764
Deferred rent	195		83
Total liabilities	27,707		25,026
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value	4		4
Additional paid-in capital	132,045		128,008
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(457)		(382)
Accumulated deficit	(131,078)		(123,604)
Total stockholders’ equity	514		4,026
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	28,221	$	29,052

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

Phunware, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share information)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net revenues	$	2,213	$	5,510	$	4,853	$	10,825
Cost of revenues	768		2,722		1,859		5,339
Gross profit	1,445		2,788		2,994		5,486
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	277		665		882		1,389
General and administrative	3,760		3,970		7,705		7,945
Research and development	378		1,077		1,239		2,386
Total operating expenses	4,415		5,712		9,826		11,720
Operating loss	(2,970)		(2,924)		(6,832)		(6,234)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(460)		(151)		(561)		(339)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(81)		—		(81)		—
Other income	—		13		—		17
Total other expense	(541)		(138)		(642)		(322)
Loss before taxes	(3,511)		(3,062)		(7,474)		(6,556)
Income tax expense	—		(5)		—		(5)
Net loss	(3,511)		(3,067)		(7,474)		(6,561)
Other comprehensive loss:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(3)		(30)		(75)		(3)
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,514)	$	(3,097)	$	(7,549)	$	(6,564)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.08)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.18)	$	(0.19)
Weighted-average common shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	41,869		38,810		40,982		34,537

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Phunware, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount
Balance - March 31, 2020	—	—	40,693	$	4	$	129,370	$	(127,567)	$	(454)	$	1,353
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	—	—	120	—		70		—		—		70
Vesting of restricted stock units	—	—	578	—		—						—
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees	—	—	400	—		523		—		—		523
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—	—	—		1,115		—		—		1,115
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note	—	—	1,764	—		2,266		—		—		2,266
Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note	—	—	—	—		(1,299)		—		—		(1,299)
Cumulative translation adjustment	—	—	—	—		—		—		(3)		(3)
Net loss	—	—	—	—		—		(3,511)		—		(3,511)
Balance - June 30, 2020	—	—	43,555	$	4	$	132,045	$	(131,078)	$	(457)	$	514

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount
Balance - December 31, 2019	—	—	39,811	$	4	$	128,008	$	(123,604)	$	(382)	$	4,026
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	—	—	153	—		87		—		—		87
Vesting of restricted stock units	—	—	694	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees	—	—	1,133	—		1,014		—				1,014
Stock-based compensation expense			—	—		1,750		—		—		1,750
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note	—	—	1,764	—		2,266		—		—		2,266
Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Notes	—	—	—	—		(1,299)		—		—		(1,299)
Equity classified cash conversion feature of Senior Convertible Notes	—	—	—	—		219		—		—		219
Cumulative translation adjustment	—	—	—	—				—		(75)		(75)
Net loss	—	—	—	—		—		(7,474)				(7,474)
Balance - June 30, 2020	—	—	43,555	$	4	$	132,045	$	(131,078)	$	(457)	$	514

3

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount
Balance - March 31, 2019	—	—	38,331	$	4	$	125,421	$	(114,227)	$	(391)	$	10,807
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	—	—	58	—		17		—		—		17
Exercise of common stock warrants pursuant to cashless provisions	—	—	513	—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—	—	—		416		—		—		416
Cumulative translation adjustment	—	—	—	—		—		—		(30)		(30)
Net loss	—	—	—	—		—		(3,067)		—		(3,067)
Balance - June 30, 2019	—	—	38,902	$	4	$	125,854	$	(117,294)	$	(421)	$	8,143

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount
Balance - December 31, 2018	6	5,377	27,253	$	3	$	118,062	$	(111,820)	$	(418)	$	5,827
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	—	—	119	—		52		—		—		52
Exercise of common stock warrants for cash	—	—	617	—		6,184		—		—		6,184
Exercise of common stock warrants pursuant to cashless provisions	—	—	10,913	1		(1)		—		—		—
Series A convertible preferred stock redeemed for cash	(6)	(5,377)	—	—		(863)		—		—		(863)
Waiver of sponsor promissory note originally issued in conjunction with Reverse Merger and Recapitalization	—	—	—	—		1,993		—		—		1,993
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—	—	—		427		—		—		427
Cumulative-effect adjustment resulting from the adoption of ASU 2014-09	—	—	—	—		—		1,087		—		1,087
Cumulative translation adjustment	—	—	—	—		—		—		(3)		(3)
Net loss	—	—	—	—		—		(6,561)		—		(6,561)
Balance - June 30, 2019	—	—	38,902	$	4	$	125,854	$	(117,294)	$	(421)	$	8,143

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Phunware, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(7,474)	$	(6,561)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	9		30
Amortization of acquired intangibles	78		143
Amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs	227		—
Loss on sale of digital currencies	—		4
Loss on extinguishment of debt	81		—
Non-cash interest expense	55		—
Bad debt (recovery) expense	(63)		132
Stock-based compensation	1,750		427
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	815		(71)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(193)		(99)
Accounts payable	356		(807)
Accrued expenses	877		330
Deferred revenue	(1,268)		606
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,750)		(5,866)
Investing activities
Proceeds received from sale of digital currencies	—		88
Net cash provided by investing activities	—		88
Financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs	5,436		250
Proceeds from related party bridge loans	560		—
Payments on senior convertible note	(455)		—
Payments on related party notes	(200)		—
Net repayments on factoring agreement	(714)		(659)
Proceeds from PhunCoin deposits	—		191
Proceeds from warrant exercises	—		6,092
Proceeds from exercise of options to purchase common stock	85		52
Series A convertible preferred stock redemptions and dividend payments	—		(6,240)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	4,712		(314)
Effect of exchange rate on cash and restricted cash	(79)		(4)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash	(117)		(6,096)
Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the period	362		6,344
Cash and restricted cash at the end of the period	$	245	$	248

5

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	328	$	361
Income taxes paid	$	—	$	—
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash financing activities:
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus and board of director fees	$	1,014	$	—
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note	$	2,266	$	—
Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note	$	(1,299)	$	—
Equity classified cash conversion feature of Senior Convertible Note	$	219	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Phunware, Inc

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except share and per share information)

(Unaudited)

1. The Company and Basis of Presentation

The Company

Phunware, Inc. (the “Company”) offers a fully integrated software platform that equips companies with the products, solutions and services necessary to engage, manage and monetize their mobile application portfolios globally at scale. Phunware’s Multiscreen-as-a-Service ("MaaS") platform provides the entire mobile lifecycle of applications, media and data in one login through one procurement relationship. The Company’s MaaS technology is available in software development kit form for organizations developing their own application, via customized development services and prepackaged solutions. Through its integrated mobile advertising platform of publishers and advertisers, the Company provides in-app application transactions for mobile audience building, user acquisition, application discovery, audience engagement and audience monetization. Founded in 2009, the Company is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Austin, Texas.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the Company’s accounts and those of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2019 was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, but these interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, which are referenced herein. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2020 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited financial statements, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2020 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any future interim period.

Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation

Certain amounts in the financial statements of prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification had no effect on the Company's reported results of operations. A reclassification was made to the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 to identify related parties for debt issuances.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade accounts receivable. Although the Company limits its exposure to credit loss by depositing its cash with established financial institutions that management believes have good credit ratings and represent minimal risk of loss of principal, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable, and the Company believes the carrying value approximates fair value.

7

The following table sets forth the Company's concentration of revenue sources as a percentage of total net revenues.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Fox Networks Group	—	%	57	%	—	%	59	%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC	36	%	—	%	33	%	—	%
Houston Methodist	13	%	8	%	12	%	11	%
World Wide Technology, Inc.	11	%	4	%	10	%	4	%

The Company completed its contractual obligations under its statement of work with Fox Networks Group ("Fox") as of September 30, 2019. While the underlying master services agreement with Fox (setting forth general terms and conditions) remains in place, the Company does not have any active statements of work with Fox.

The following table sets forth the Company's concentration of accounts receivable, net of specific allowances for doubtful accounts.

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Houston Methodist	22	%	—	%
Wynn Las Vegas, LLC	12	%	—	%
Carrier Corporation (UTC)	11	%	—	%
HID Global (through Bluvision Inc.)	—	%	23	%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC	—	%	15	%
Presidio Networked Solutions LLC	—	%	11	%
MD Anderson	—	%	10	%

Going Concern

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern ("ASC 205-40") requires management to assess the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Under ASC 205-40, management has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to meet future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by this standard, management’s evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued.

The Company’s assessment included the preparation of a detailed cash forecast that included all projected cash inflows and outflows. The Company continues to focus on growing its revenues. Accordingly, operating expenditures may exceed the revenue it expects to receive for the foreseeable future. Additionally, the Company has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and expects these trends to continue into the foreseeable future.

Future plans may include obtaining new debt financings and credit lines, utilizing existing or expanding existing credit lines, issuing equity securities, including the exercise of warrants, and reducing overhead expenses. Despite a history of successfully implementing similar plans to alleviate the adverse financial conditions, these sources of working capital are not currently assured, and consequently do not sufficiently mitigate the risks and uncertainties disclosed above. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional funding on satisfactory terms or at all. In addition, no assurance can be given that any such financing, if obtained, will be adequate to meet the Company’s capital needs and support its growth. If additional funding cannot be obtained on a timely basis and on satisfactory terms, its operations would be materially negatively impacted. The Company has therefore concluded there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern through one year from the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes in significant accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020 for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as set forth below.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Items subject to the use of estimates include, but are not limited to, the standalone selling price for our products and services, stock-based compensation, useful lives of long-lived assets including intangibles, fair value of intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill, reserves and certain accrued liabilities, the benefit period of deferred commissions, fair value of debt component of the convertible note at issuance, the fair value of the convertible note outstanding upon derecognition and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Senior Convertible Note

In March 2020, the Company issued a 7% Senior Convertible Note (defined below) with a principal amount of $3,000 for gross proceeds at closing of $2,371. In accounting for the issuance, the Company separated the note into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar liabilities that do not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the carrying amount of the liability component from the par value of the notes. The difference represents the debt discount, recorded as a reduction of the senior convertible note on our condensed consolidated balance sheet, and is amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the notes, we allocated the total amount of issuance costs incurred to liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized using the effective interest rate method, to interest expense over the term of the notes. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component are recorded as a reduction of the equity component within additional paid-in capital.

Loss per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Restricted shares subject to repurchase provisions relating to early exercises under the Company's 2009 Equity Incentive Plan were excluded from basic shares outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including those related to the Company's outstanding warrants and stock equity plans, to the extent dilutive. For all periods presented, these shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share of common stock because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for all periods presented.

As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, 1,485 and 25,230 shares were restricted, respectively, relating to early exercises of the Company’s 2009 Stock Option Plan and are excluded from basic shares outstanding for the three and six months then ended.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 simplifies how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step; comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the

9

reporting unit’s fair value. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). The core principle of ASU 2016-02 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. For operating leases, a lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Under current U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis for all operating leases, taking into account fixed accelerations, as well as reasonably assured renewal periods. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 ("ASU 2019-10"). ASU 2019-10 delayed the effective date of ASU 2016-02 for certain types of businesses, including private companies. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups ("JOBS") Act, the Company has previously elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an Emerging Growth Company ("EGC"), can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. The issuance of ASU 2020-05 further delayed the implementation of this guidance of the Company for one year. Although ASU 2020-05 would defer implementation for the Company by an additional year, the Company believes this guidance would still be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, as it would lose its status as an EGC at the latest on December 31, 2021. Although earlier application is permitted, the Company plans to implement this guidance beginning the first quarter of its fiscal year 2021. The Company currently does not expect the ASU 2016-02 to materially impact our results of operations; although, based upon our current operating leases outstanding, we believe this guidance may have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet. We do not plan on recasting prior periods.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 introduces a model based on expected losses to estimate credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. In addition, for available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. As a Smaller Reporting Company ("SRC") as defined by the SEC, the standard is currently effective for the Company annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We currently intend to adopt ASU No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company currently does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. Should the Company retain its EGC status through the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering, this guidance will be effective for us in our financial statements and consolidated notes thereto for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

We derived 99% and 94% of our net revenues from within the United States for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. We derived 99% of our net revenues from within the United States for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company derived 1% and 6% of its net revenues from outside the United States. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company derived 1% of its net revenues from outside the United States.

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The following table sets forth the Company's net revenues:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net Revenues
Platform subscriptions and services	$	2,023	$	5,092	$	4,414	$	9,913
Application transaction	$	190	418		439		912
Net revenues	$	2,213	$	5,510	$	4,853	$	10,825

Deferred Revenue

The Company’s deferred revenue balance consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current deferred revenue
Platform subscriptions and services revenue	$	2,880	$	3,278
Application transaction revenue	100		82
Total current deferred revenue	$	2,980	$	3,360
Non-current deferred revenue
Platform subscriptions and services revenue	$	2,876	$	3,764
Total non-current deferred revenue	$	2,876	$	3,764
Total deferred revenue	$	5,856	$	7,124

Deferred revenue consists of customer billings or payments received in advance of the recognition of revenue under the arrangements with customers. The Company recognizes deferred revenue as revenue only when revenue recognition criteria are met. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $2,554 that was included in its deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations were $9,856 as of June 30, 2020, of which the Company expects to recognize 47% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

As a result of the issuance of the Notes (defined and discussed further below), the Company had $91 and $86 in restricted cash as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The following table sets forth the Company's cash and restricted cash as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Cash and restricted cash	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash	$	154	$	276
Restricted cash	91		86
Total cash and restricted cash	$	245	$	362

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5. Factoring Agreement

On June 15, 2016 the Company entered into a factoring agreement with CSNK Working Capital Finance Corp. (d/b/a Bay View Funding) (“Bay View”) whereby it sells select accounts receivable with recourse.

Under the terms of the agreement, Bay View may make advances to the Company of amounts representing up to 80% of the net amount of eligible accounts receivable. The factor facility is collateralized by a general security agreement over all the Company’s personal property and interests. Fees paid to Bay View for factored receivables are 1.80% for the first 30 days and 0.65% for every ten days thereafter, to a maximum of 90 days total outstanding. The Company bears the risk of credit loss on the receivables. These receivables are accounted for as a secured borrowing arrangement and not as a sale of financial assets.

The Company's factor expense is recorded as interest expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Factor expense totaled $44 and $97 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Factor expense totaled $146 and $332 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

The amount of factored receivables outstanding was $363 and $1,077 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There was $2,637 and $1,923 available for future advances as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

6. Debt

A summary of the Company's various debt obligations is set forth below:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Paycheck Protection Program Loan	$	2,850	$	—
Senior convertible note	1,258		—
Convertible notes	250		250
Promissory notes	905		855
Related-party bridge loans	360		—
Note payable	75		—
Total debt	$	5,698	$	1,105
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	$	(1,333)	$	—
Less: related-party debt	$	(555)	$	(195)
Long-term debt	$	3,810	$	910

Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") Loan

On April 10, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of $2,850 from JPMorgan Chase, N.A. pursuant to the PPP under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), which was enacted on March 27, 2020. The loan, which was in the form of a note dated April 9, 2020, matures on April 9, 2022, bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum and is payable monthly commencing on November 9, 2020. The note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to the maturity with no prepayment penalties.

The principal amount of the PPP loan is subject to forgiveness under the PPP upon Phunware’s request to the extent that PPP loan proceeds are used to pay expenses permitted by the PPP, including payroll, group health care benefits, rent, utilities and interest on other debt obligations incurred prior to February 15, 2020. Although the Company currently anticipates a portion of the loan to be forgiven, there can be no assurance that any part of the PPP loan will be forgiven.

Senior Convertible Note

In March 2020, the Company issued a Senior Convertible Note to an institutional investor with an initial principal amount of $3,000 (the “Senior Convertible Note”) for a cash proceeds of $2,760 (reflecting an original issue discount of $240) in a private placement. After deducting the placement agent fee and other estimated expenses, net cash proceeds at the closing were approximately $2,371.

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The Senior Convertible Note bears interest at a rate of 7% per annum and includes a make-whole of interest from the date of issuance through the maturity date of December 31, 2021.

The Senior Convertible Note had a balance of $1,258, net of issuance cost, as of June 30, 2020. Interest expense related to the Senior Convertible Note for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $378, of which $185 was related to the amortization of issuance cost.

Monthly Payments and Conversion

Starting on April 30, 2020 and on the last trading day of the month and on the maturity date, the Company is required to make monthly payments. On each payment date, the Company will be required to settle a principal repayment of approximately $143 plus interest thereon (the “Installment Amount”) which shall be satisfied in shares of common stock of the Company at 100% of the Installment Amount, or at the election of the Company, in whole or in part, in cash, at 105% of the Installment Amount. Installment payments made in common stock are subject to customary equity conditions (including minimum floor price and volume thresholds), and are calculated on a conversion price equal to the lower of (x) the conversion price then in effect and (y) the greater of the Floor Price (as defined in the Senior Convertible Note) and 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price in the 10 days prior to the payment date.

In addition to the monthly payments described above, the noteholder elected an acceleration of payments of monthly principal, interest and make-whole payments pursuant to certain provisions of the Senior Convertible Note. These accelerated payments were made in the form of shares of common stock of the Company at the rate then in effect per the Senior Convertible Note. As a result, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,763,675 shares for principal, interest and make-whole payments to the noteholder during the quarter ended June 30, 2020. In accounting for the accelerated conversions, the Company followed the guidance as prescribed in ASC 470 in accounting for derecognition (or conversion) of convertible debt with a cash conversion feature. The Company determined the fair value of the debt immediately prior to its derecognition, with the difference between the consideration transfered to the noteholder and the fair value of the debt representing the reacquisition of the embedded conversion option. A loss on extinguishment was recorded based on the difference between the calculated fair value of the debt immediately prior to its derecognition and the carrying amount of the debt component, including any unamortized debt discount or issuance costs.

Covenants

Under the Senior Convertible Note, the Company is subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, the existence of liens, the repayment of indebtedness, the payment of cash in respect of dividends, distributions or redemptions, and the transfer of assets, among other matters, including the following provisions.

The Company is subject to a financial covenant that requires it to maintain available cash in the amount of $200 at the end of each fiscal quarter. The Company believes the "available" cash under the Senior Convertible Note is inclusive of its restricted cash balances.

Subsequent Redemption

On July 15, 2020, the Company redeemed the Senior Convertible Note at a price equal to 110% of the outstanding principal accrued and unpaid interest and make-whole interest. See Note 13 for additional discussion regarding the cash redemption of the Senior Convertible Note.

Related-Party Bridge Loans

During the first quarter of 2020, various related parties loaned the Company $560. The Related-Party Bridge Loans ("RPBLs") bear an interest of 10% per annum and will mature on November 14, 2024. Payments on or payoff of the RPBLs may be made early with no penalty. The RPBLs and amounts thereof were made by the following related parties: (i) $204 by Cane Capital, LLC, an entity owned in part by our Chief Executive Officer; (ii) $151 by Curo Capital Appreciation Fund, LLC, an entity in which the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer serve as co-presidents, (iii) $155 by various individuals associated by familiar relationship with our Chief Executive Officer; and (iv) $50 by Luan Dang, the Company's Chief Technology Officer. Transaction costs related to the RPBLs were not significant. Interest expense related to the RPBLs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was not significant and interest payable as of June 30, 2020 was not significant.

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Convertible Notes

In April 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the issuance of $20,000 of convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”), which may be paid by investors in the form of cash or, in the Company’s sole discretion, cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. The Convertible Notes will be sold in reliance on an exemption from registration. The Company may not issue Convertible Notes under the Purchase Agreement in excess of $20,000, in the aggregate, unless otherwise agreed by the holders of a majority in interest of the principal outstanding under the Convertible Notes.

The Convertible Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 7% per annum. Interest under the Convertible Notes is payable quarterly beginning on September 30, 2019, and interest and principal under the Convertible Notes is payable monthly beginning on June 30, 2021. However, at the holder’s election, interest payments may be deferred until the earlier of (i) repayment in full of all remaining unpaid principal and (ii) conversion. The Convertible Notes mature on June 3, 2024.

The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. Each Note will convert voluntarily upon a holder’s election, or automatically upon the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $17.25 per share for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days, if a registration statement is then in effect covering the disposition of the converted shares. Assuming the Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $20,000 are sold under the Purchase Agreement, and assuming that all interest payments are deferred until maturity, the Convertible Notes would be convertible to a maximum total of approximately 2,347,826 shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company has one Convertible Note with a balance outstanding of $250 as of June 30, 2020. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Note were immaterial. Interest expense related to the Convertible Note for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was immaterial and interest payable as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was immaterial.

Promissory Notes

In October 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the issuance of $20,000 of promissory notes (the “Notes”), which may be paid by investors in the form of cash or, in the Company’s sole discretion, cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. The Notes will be sold in reliance on an exemption from registration. The Company may prepay the Notes at any time without penalty. The Company may not issue Notes under the Purchase Agreement in excess of $20,000, in the aggregate, unless otherwise agreed by the holders of a majority in interest of the principal outstanding under the Notes.

The Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 10% per annum. Interest under the Notes is payable monthly beginning on November 30, 2019. During the term of the Notes, the Company will maintain a restricted bank account with a minimum balance of one year of interest payments on the aggregate principal balance of all Notes, which will be available for use exclusively to satisfy any payments owed by the Company under the Notes. The principal and unpaid accrued interest on the Notes will be due and payable on demand by the majority Note holders on or after the date that is 60 months following November 15, 2019. If an event of default occurs under the Notes, the majority Note holders may cause all principal and unpaid interest under the Notes to become immediately due and payable. In such event, the Notes will thereafter accrue interest at a rate of 12% per annum. Upon agreement between the Company and any senior creditor, the Notes will be subject to subordination in the right of payment to all current and future indebtedness or obligations of the Company for borrowed money to banks, commercial finance lenders, and other institutions regularly engaged in the business of lending money, or for factoring arrangements to parties providing such factoring.

During 2019, the Company issued a Note in the principal amount of $195, in exchange for cash consideration, to Cane Capital, LLC, an entity owned in part by Alan S. Knitowski, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a member of its board of directors.

The Notes have a balance outstanding of $905 as of June 30, 2020. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the Notes were immaterial. Interest expense related to the Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was $24 and $45, respectively. The interest payable as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was immaterial.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company has operating office space leases in Austin, Texas; Irvine, California; San Diego, California; and Miami, Florida. Rent expense under operating leases totaled $213 and $424 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Rent expense under operating leases totaled $166 and $331 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

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Future minimum annual lease payments as of June 30, 2020 under the Company’s operating leases are set forth as follows:

Future minimum lease obligations years ending December 31,	Lease Obligations
2020 (Remainder)	$	411
2021	858
2022	725
2023	622
2024	609
Thereafter	209
Total	$	3,434

Litigation

On September 26, 2017, the Company filed a breach of contract complaint against Uber Technologies, Inc. ("Uber") seeking approximately $3,000 (plus interest) for unpaid invoices for advertising campaign services provided for Uber in the first quarter of 2017. The case, captioned Phunware, Inc. v. Uber Technologies, Inc., Case No. CGC-17-561546 was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California County of San Francisco. On November 13, 2017, Uber generally denied the allegations in the Company's complaint and also filed a cross-complaint against Phunware and Fetch Media, Ltd. ("Fetch") - the advertising agency Uber retained to run its mobile advertising campaign for the period 2014 through the first quarter of 2017 (the “Fetch Campaign”), asserting numerous fraud and contract-based claims. All the claims stem from Uber’s allegation that Fetch and/or the Company (and/or other-as-yet-unidentified ad networks and publishers) are liable for the Fetch Campaign, under which Uber allegedly overpaid Fetch and mobile advertising providers due to allegedly fraudulent attribution for installments of the Uber application. Uber did not allege any specific dollar amount that it is seeking in damages against either of the named cross-defendants (Fetch and Phunware). Phunware filed a motion to dismiss the cross-complaint, which was heard on February 7, 2018. The motion was granted in part and denied in part by the Court. On April 16, 2018, the action was designated complex, and the matter was assigned for all purposes to Judge Wiss of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 305). In March 2019, Uber and Fetch settled Uber’s claims against Fetch on terms that have not been disclosed to Phunware at this time. On May 7, 2019, the Company retained new counsel. In June 2019, the Court set a new trial date of April 20, 2020. On June 26, 2019, the case was reassigned for all purposes to Judge Jackson of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 613). On July 12, 2019, Uber filed its First Amended Cross-Complaint, naming new individual cross-defendants (Phunware Chief Executive Officer Alan S. Knitowski, and former Phunware employees D. Stasiuk, M. Borotsik, and A. Cook) accused of civil RICO violations and civil conspiracy to violate RICO, in addition to fraud, negligence, and unfair competition-based claims, and adding a fraud-based claim against Phunware. Uber’s First Amended Cross-Complaint alleges that cross-defendants fraudulently obtained approximately $17,000 from Uber, and claims treble damages, general and punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On October 1, 2019, Alan S. Knitowski (“Knitowski”) filed his Motion to Quash Service of Summons, which was denied on October 29, 2019. On October 7, 2019, D. Stasiuk, M. Borotsik, and A. Cook filed their Motion to Quash Service of Summons, which was denied on December 17, 2019. On December 2, 2019, the case was reassigned for all purposes to Judge Cheng of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 613). On January 22, 2020, the Court assigned the case to Judge Wiss of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 305) for purposes of trial. On March 13, 2020, the Court announced that jury trials will be continued for 90 days from the date they have been scheduled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, on March 13, 2020, the Court ordered Phunware to pay $78 in monetary sanctions based on a discovery motion brought by Uber. On March 19, 2020, Uber filed a further discovery motion for terminating, evidentiary, issue and monetary sanctions. The March 19, 2020 motion was heard on July 29, 2020. On August 12, 2020, the Court issued its order on Uber’s sanctions motion, granting in part and denying in part Uber’s motion. The Court’s order, in part, struck Phunware’s Complaint and Phunware’s Answer to Uber’s First Amended Cross-Complaint so that default judgment should be entered against the Company. The order stated that the Court will schedule a default prove up hearing at a later date. The Company intends to vigorously contest the order and will file an appeal with the California Appellate Court. The case is still proceeding as to the remaining third party defendants. The Company is currently unable to determine the amount of loss or range of loss that may result from the prove up hearing or in this matter as a whole. The Company maintains that its claims against Uber are meritorious and that Uber’s claims against the Company are not. However, the Company makes no predictions on the likelihood of success of prevailing in any appellate review and in any subsequent proceedings in this matter.

On December 17, 2019, certain stockholders (the "Plaintiffs") filed a lawsuit against the Company. The case, captioned Wild Basin Investments, LLC, et al. v. Phunware, Inc., et al.; Cause No. D-1-GN-19- 008846 was filed in the 126th Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas. The Plaintiffs invested in various early rounds of financing while the Company was private and claim the Company should not have subjected their shares to a 180-day "lock up" period. According to the Plaintiffs, the price of Phunware stock dropped significantly during the lock up period. The Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages in excess of

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$1,000. The Company maintains the Plaintiffs' claims are without merit and intends to contest vigorously the claims asserted in the lawsuit. All defendants have answered. The Court has not yet set a trial date or pretrial deadlines. The case is in early stage of discovery.

On March 9, 2020, Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (“EGS”) filed a lawsuit against the Company. The complaint, captioned Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP versus Stellar Acquisition III, Corp a/k/a Stellar Acquisition III, Inc. n/k/a Phunware, Inc., was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County (Case No. 152585/2020). EGS is seeking monetary damages in the amount of $690 for alleged unpaid invoices related to legal services rendered for Stellar in conjunction with the reverse merger with the Company, plus legal and court costs. Pursuant to a stipulation, the Company currently has until September 15, 2020 to respond to the complaint. The Company and EGS are exploring the possibility of resolution of this matter and are in the process of drafting a settlement agreement, but there can be no guarantees that a resolution will be successful. The Company has $690 in accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 related to the alleged unpaid invoices.

On April 24, 2020 Sha-Poppin Gourmet Popcorn, LLC, individually and on behalf of a class of similarly situated parties (the “Popcorn Company”), filed a lawsuit against certain defendants, including the Company. The case captioned, Sha-Poppin Gourmet Popcorn, LLC v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., RCSH Operations, LLC, RCSH Operations, Inc (together d/b/a Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse), and Phunware, Inc., was filed in the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. The Popcorn Company alleges that the Company was unjustly enriched by JPMorgan Chase for the Company's loan made pursuant to the PPP under the CARES Act. (See Note 6 for discussion related to the Company's CARES Act loan.) The Company filed a motion to dismiss the single claim against it and disputes the court's jurisdiction and the basis of the claim. The Company intends to defend the matter vigorously. Given the preliminary stage of the case, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of this dispute, or estimate the loss or range of loss, if any, associated with this matter.

From time to time, the Company is and may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. The outcomes of our legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular reporting period. In addition, for the matters disclosed above that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies.

8. PhunCoin & PhunToken

PhunCoin

In 2018, PhunCoin, Inc., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, launched an offering pursuant to Rule 506(c) of Regulation D (the "Reg D Offering") as promulgated under the Securities Act of rights to acquire a token denominated as "PhunCoin" (the "Rights"). In addition, in 2019, we commenced an offering of Rights pursuant to Regulation CF (the "Reg CF Offering"). PhunCoin, Inc. accepts payment in the form of cash and digital currencies for purchases of the Rights. The amount of PhunCoin to be issued to the purchaser is equal to the dollar amount paid by the purchaser divided by the price of PhunCoin at the time of issuance of PhunCoin during the launch of the Token Ecosystem (as defined below) before taking into consideration an applicable discount rate, which is based on the time of the purchase (early purchasers will receive a larger discount rate).

PhunCoin is expected to be issued to Rights holders the earlier of (i) the launch of the Company’s blockchain technology enabled rewards marketplace and data exchange ("Token Ecosystem"), (ii) one (1) year after the issuance of the Rights to the purchaser, or (iii) the date the Company determines that it has the ability to enforce resale restrictions with respect to PhunCoin pursuant to applicable federal securities laws. Proceeds from the Rights offering are generally not refundable; however, the Company believes it has a contractual obligation to use good faith efforts to issue a token to Rights holders under the token rights agreement. Holders of the Rights may be issued PhunCoin even if the Token Ecosystem is not yet operational. PhunCoin will have no usefulness until the Token Ecosystem is operational because PhunCoin is expected to only be useable on the Token Ecosystem. The ongoing coronavirus of 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic has resulted in Phunware reducing human capital resources from the development of the Token Ecosystem to other initiatives of the organization. There can be no assurance as to when, or if, the Company will allocate resources to the development of the Token Ecosystem in the future or if the Company will be able to successfully launch the Token Ecosystem.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company has received aggregate cash proceeds from the Reg D Offering and Reg CF Offering of $1,207, pursuant to which the holders of the Rights will receive an aggregate of approximately 577.9 million PhunCoin if the launch of the Token Ecosystem occurs. The Reg CF Offering closed May 1, 2019. While the Reg D Offering is ongoing, the Company does not anticipate any additional proceeds to be raised.

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PhunToken ("Phun")

During the second quarter of 2019, Phunware announced the launch of a separate token, Phun, which is meant to act as a medium of exchange within the Token Ecosystem. Phun will be issued through a separate, wholly-owned subsidiary, Phun Token International, available initially only to persons outside of the United States and Canada. Consumers may receive Phun for actively engaging in marketing campaigns; developers and publishers may receive Phun for utilizing Phunware’s loyalty software development kit in order to better engage, manage and monetize their consumers; and brands will gain access to more relevant, verifiable data by accessing Phunware’s data exchange and using Phun for their own loyalty programs. As of June 30, 2020, the Company has not sold any Phun.

9. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Total common stock authorized to be issued as of June 30, 2020 was 1,000,000,000 shares, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 43,562,804 and 39,817,917 shares outstanding, inclusive of 1,485 and 6,219 restricted shares subject to repurchase for unvested shares related to early option exercises under the Company’s stock equity plans, respectively.

During 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 11,530,442 shares of common stock related to various cash and cashless (net) exercises of warrants for common stock. Cash exercises for warrants for 617,296 shares of common stock resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $6,184, of which $6,092 was received in cash, $92 was received in digital currencies. Furthermore, there were 13,975,359 warrants exercised under cashless (net) provisions resulting in the issuance of 10,913,146 shares of common stock.

Warrants

The Company has various warrants outstanding. A summary of the Company’s warrant activity is set forth below:

Warrant Type	Cash Exercise Price per share		Warrants Outstanding December 31, 2019	Warrants Exercised		Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020
				Cash	Cashless
Common stock warrant (Series D-1)	$	5.54	14,866	—	—	14,866
Common stock warrants (Series F)	$	9.22	377,402	—	—	377,402
Public Warrants (PHUNW)	$	11.50	1,761,291	—	—	1,761,291
Private Placement Warrants	$	11.50	1,658,381	—	—	1,658,381
Unit Purchase Option Warrants	$	11.50	24,172	—	—	24,172
Total			3,836,112	—	—	3,836,112

10. Stock-Based Compensation

2018 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2018, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants who perform services to the Company, and to promote the success of our business. These incentives are provided through the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares.

The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year, equal to the lesser of: (i) 10% of the post-closing outstanding shares of common stock; (ii) 5% of

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the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or (iii) such other amount as our board of directors may determine.

In addition, the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan also will include any shares of common stock subject to stock options, restricted stock units or similar awards granted under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), that, on or after the adoption of the 2018 Plan, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full and shares of common stock issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2009 Plan that are forfeited to or repurchased by us. As of June 30, 2020, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be added to the 2018 Plan pursuant to the foregoing equals 1,254,166.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, restricted stock units were the only stock-based incentives granted under the 2018 Plan. A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity under the 2018 Plan is set forth below:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	2,436,968	$	3.15
Granted	2,335,603	0.98
Released	(1,827,375)	1.70
Forfeited	(298,954)	3.16
Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	2,646,242	$	2.23

Not including the maximum number of shares from the 2009 Plan that may be added to the 2018 Plan noted above, the 2018 Plan had 221,388 and 205,206 shares of common stock reserved for future issuances as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2020, we granted 123,084 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, each with a grant date fair value of $1.25 per share in lieu of cash compensation board fees for services provided. The awards vested immediately. We also granted 125,523 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, with a grant date fair value of $1.25 per share. The awards vest over ten months in four equal installments on March 26, 2020, June 26, 2020, September 18, 2020, and December 25, 2020, respectively, and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 756,000 restricted stock unit awards to team members with an average grant date fair value of $1.25 per share. The awards granted to team members vest over an average of 42 months with various installment and vesting dates, and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 610,000 restricted stock units to a non-employee service provider that were for the satisfaction of legal fees owed. The awards granted to the legal service provider vested immediately and had an average grant date fair value $0.89.

During the second quarter of 2020, we granted 85,996 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, each with a grant date fair value of $0.71 per share in lieu of cash compensation board fees for services provided. The awards vested immediately. We also granted 375,000 restricted stock unit awards to team members with an average grant date fair value of $0.67 per share. The awards granted to team members vest over 4 years with 25% vesting May 18, 2021, then equal quarterly installments thereafter until the final vesting period of May 18, 2024 and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 250,000 restricted stock units to non-employee service provider that were for the satisfaction of legal fees owed. The awards granted to the legal service provider vested immediately and had an average grant date fair value $0.67.

2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Also, in 2018, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2018 ESPP”). The 2018 ESPP will be administered by our board of directors or a committee appointed by the board (the “administrator”). The purpose of the 2018 ESPP is to provide eligible employees with an opportunity to purchase shares of our common stock through accumulated contributions. The 2018 ESPP permits participants to purchase shares of common stock through contributions (generally in the form of payroll deductions) of up to an amount of their eligible compensation determined by the administrator. Subject to certain other limitations or unless otherwise determined by the administrator, a participant may purchase a maximum of 2,000 shares of common stock during a purchase period. The offering periods under the 2018 ESPP will begin on such date as determined by the administrator and expire on the earliest to occur of (a) the completion of the purchase of shares on the last exercise date occurring within 27 months of the applicable enrollment date of the offering period on which the purchase right was granted, or (b) a shorter period established by the administrator prior to an enrollment date for all options to be granted on such enrollment date. Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant are used to purchase shares of common stock on each exercise date. The purchase price of the shares will be determined by the

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administrator but in no event will be less than 85% of the lower of the fair market value of common stock on the enrollment date or on the exercise date. Participants may end their participation at any time during an offering period and will be paid their accrued contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares of common stock. Participation ends automatically upon termination of employment with the Company.

The number of shares of common stock that may be made available for sale under the 2018 ESPP also includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning for the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the first enrollment date (if any) occurs equal to the lesser of (i) 3% of the expected post-closing outstanding shares of common stock; (ii) 1.5% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or such other amount as the administrator may determine.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company has not consummated an enrollment or offering period related to the 2018 ESPP. The 2018 ESPP had 272,942 shares of common stock available for sale and reserved for issuance as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

2009 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2009, the Company adopted its 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), which allowed for the granting of incentive and non-statutory stock options, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, to employees, directors, and consultants. The exercise price of the options granted was generally equal to the value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, as determined by the Company’s board of directors. The awards are exercisable and vest, generally over four years, in accordance with each option agreement. The term of each option is no more than ten years from the date of the grant. The 2009 Plan allows for options to be immediately exercisable, subject to the Company’s right of repurchase for unvested shares at the original exercise price. The total amount received in exchange for these shares has been included in accrued expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and is reclassified to equity as the shares vest. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 1,485 and 6,219 shares were unvested amounting to $1 and $3 in accrued expenses, respectively. Effective with the adoption of the 2018 Plan, no additional grants will be made under the 2009 Plan.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2009 Plan and related information is as follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,465,450	$	0.80	6.86	$	771
Granted	—
Exercised	(150,942)	0.57
Forfeited	(61,827)	1.31
Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	1,252,681	$	0.80	6.58	$	700
Exercisable as of June 30, 2020	980,373	$	0.74	6.30	$	570

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $43 and the total fair value of options vested was $64.

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Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation costs that have been included on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all stock-based compensation arrangements are detailed as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Stock-based compensation	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of revenues	$	62	$	24	$	113	$	38
Sales and marketing	22		9		29		(16)
General and administrative	1,039		349		1,638		372
Research and development	(8)		34		(30)		33
Total stock-based compensation	$	1,115	$	416	$	1,750	$	427

The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. As of June 30, 2020, the unamortized fair value of the restricted stock units under the 2018 Plan was approximately $5,018. The weighted-average remaining recognition period over which these costs will be amortized was approximately 2.6 years. Unrecognized stock compensation expense for options granted under the 2009 Plan was $141 as of June 30, 2020.

11. Domestic and Foreign Operations

Identifiable long-lived assets attributed to the United States and international geographies are based upon the country in which the asset is located or owned. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all of the Company’s identifiable long-lived assets were in the United States.

12. Related-Party Transactions

Accounts Payable

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there is $255 recorded in accounts payable due to Nautilus Energy Management Corporation, an affiliate of a current member and former member of the Company’s board of directors.

Debt

As more fully discussed in Note 6, Debt, the Company entered into a Note and RPBLs (both defined above) with certain related parties.

13. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through August 14, 2020.

2020 Convertible Notes

On July 15, 2020, the Company issued a Series A Senior Convertible Note (a “Series A Note”) to an institutional investor with an initial principal amount of $4,320 (reflecting an original issue discount of $320) in a private placement. We repaid in full the outstanding principal balance, accrued and unpaid interest and make-whole amount on the Senior Convertible Note issued on March 20, 2020 to the same investor. The cash payment to the noteholder to satisfy the Senior Convertible Note was in the amount $2,084. After the payoff of the Senior Convertible Note and deducting transaction costs, aggregate net cash proceeds to the Company was $1,751.

On the same date, the Company issued a Series B Senior Secured Convertible Note (a “Series B Note,” and together with the Series A Note, the “2020 Convertible Notes”) to the same investor with an initial principal amount of $17,280 (reflecting an original issue discount of $1,280). The investor paid for the Series B Note by delivering a secured promissory note (the “Investor Note”) with an initial principal amount of $16,000.

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The Company will receive cash under the Series B Note only upon cash repayment of the corresponding Investor Note. The investor may, at its option and at any time, voluntarily prepay an Investor Note, in whole or in part. In addition, the Investor Note is subject to mandatory prepayment, in whole or in part, upon the occurrence of certain events.

The Investor Note may be satisfied through netting against the Series B Note rather than through the payment of cash. Under the Investor Note, the Company and the investor have certain optional offset rights, which if exercised, would reduce the amount outstanding under the Series B Note and Investor Note.

The Series A Note and outstanding balance on the Series B Note each bear interest at a rate of 7% per annum and includes a make-whole of interest from the date of issuance through the maturity date of December 31, 2021. The unused proceeds of the Series B Note bears interest at a rate of 3% per annum.

Monthly Payments

Starting on July 31, 2020 and on the last trading day of each month thereafter, and on the maturity date, the Company is required to make monthly amortization payments equal to 1/18th of the Series A Note, interest on the 2020 Convertible Notes and make-whole (the "Installment Amount"), which must be satisfied in cash at a redemption price equal to 107% of the Installment Amount.

Redemption

The Company may redeem the 2020 Convertible Notes at a price equal to 107% of the outstanding principal of the 2020 Convertible Notes (or, if greater, the market value of the shares underlying the 2020 Convertible Notes) and accrued and unpaid interest.

Subject to certain limited exceptions, the noteholder will have the right to have us redeem a portion of each 2020 Convertible Note not in excess of 40% of the net proceeds from a qualified capital fund raise at a redemption price of 107% of the portion of the 2020 Convertible Note subject to redemption or, if greater, the market value of the shares underlying the 2020 Convertible Note.

In connection with an Event of Default, the noteholder may require us to redeem in cash any or all of the 2020 Convertible Notes. The redemption price will equal 115% of the outstanding principal of the 2020 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, and accrued and unpaid interest.

In connection with a Change of Control (as defined in the 2020 Convertible Notes), a noteholder may require us to redeem all or any portion of the 2020 Convertible Notes. The redemption price per share will equal the greatest of (i) 115% of the outstanding principal to be redeemed, and accrued and unpaid interest, (ii) 115% of the market value of the shares of our common stock, and (iii) 115% of the aggregate cash consideration that would have been payable in respect of the shares of our common stock underlying the 2020 Convertible Notes.

The Company also may redeem any portion of any Series B Note by offsetting the principal amount thereof against the principal amount of the corresponding Investor Note. Upon any such redemption, the original issue discount under the Series B Note associated with the principal amount thereof being redeemed will be deemed satisfied.

Conversion

The 2020 Convertible Notes are convertible, at the option of the noteholder, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $3.00 per share. The conversion price is subject to full ratchet anti-dilution protection and standard adjustments in the event of any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction.

If an Event of Default has occurred under the 2020 Convertible Notes, the noteholder may elect to alternatively convert the 2020 Convertible Notes at a redemption premium of 115% at an alternate conversion price equal to the lower of (x) the conversion price then in effect and (y) the greater of the Floor Price (as defined in the 2020 Convertible Notes) and 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price in the 10 days prior to the applicable conversion date.

Covenants

We will be subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the incurrence of certain indebtedness, the existence of liens, the repayment of indebtedness, the payment of cash in respect of dividends, distributions or redemptions,

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and the transfer of assets, among other matters. We also will be subject to a financial covenant that requires us to maintain available cash in the amount of $500 at the end of each fiscal quarter, subject to a right to cure.

Warrant

In addition to the 2020 Convertible Notes, we issued a warrant (the “Warrant”) exercisable for 3 years for the purchase of an aggregate of up to 2,160,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”), at an exercise price of $4.00 per share to the same investor. The number of Warrant Shares and exercise price are each subject to adjustment provided under the Warrant. If, at the time of exercise of the Warrant, there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the issuance of the Warrant Shares, then the Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, by means of a “cashless exercise.” The Warrant may not be exercised if, after giving effect to the exercise, the investor would beneficially own amounts in excess of those permissible under the terms of the Warrant.

Registration Rights Agreement

The Company is required to file a registration statement covering the resale of the shares underlying the 2020 Convertible Notes and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant within 60 days and to have the registration statement declared effective within 90 days of after the closing of the Purchase Agreement. It also grants the noteholder customary “piggyback” registration rights. If we fail to file the registration statement or have it declared effective by the deadlines above, or if certain other conditions relating to the availability of the registration statement and current public information are not met, we will pay certain Registration Delay Payments to such noteholder (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement).

Participation Rights

In addition, the Company granted the noteholder participation rights in future equity and equity-linked offerings of securities, subject to certain limited exceptions, during the two years after the later of (a) the closing or (b) the date the Investor Note no longer remains outstanding, in an amount of up to 30% of the securities being sold in such offerings.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References in this section to “we,” “us,” "our," or “the Company” refer to Phunware. References to “management” or “management team” refer to Phunware’s officers and directors.

The following discussion and analysis of Phunware’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Phunware’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements presented in “Part I – Item 1. Financial Statements.” In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Phunware’s actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report.

Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages, included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our condensed consolidated financial statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.

Key Events and Recent Developments

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic. The outbreak is having an impact on the global economy, resulting in rapidly changing market and economic conditions. The COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has caused business disruption through mandated and voluntary closing of businesses and cancellation of events for which the Company's application transition business serves. Furthermore, the Company’s platform software and services business serves healthcare and hospitals throughout the United States. While the disruption is currently expected to be temporary, there is considerable uncertainty around the duration of the closings and cancellations.

The related financial impact and duration cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. We implemented a work-from-home policy for our employees effective March 16, 2020 and we are taking steps to implement measures to reduce operating expenses. To that end, on March 27, 2020, the Company committed to cost reduction by furloughing 37 persons, or approximately 42% of its workforce.

On April 10, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of $2.85 million from JPMorgan Chase, N.A. pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"), which was enacted on March 27, 2020. The principal amount of the PPP loan is subject to forgiveness under the PPP upon Phunware’s request to the extent that PPP loan proceeds are used to pay expenses permitted by the PPP, including payroll, group health care benefits, rent, utilities and interest on other debt obligations incurred prior to February 15, 2020. Although the Company currently anticipates a portion of the loan to be forgiven, there can be no assurance that any part of the PPP loan will be forgiven. See Item 1A. Risk Factors, in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I of in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020, for additional information.

Overview

Phunware, Inc. offers a fully integrated software platform that equips companies with the products, solutions and services necessary to engage, manage and monetize their mobile application portfolios globally at scale. Phunware’s Multiscreen-as-a-Service ("MaaS") platform provides the entire mobile lifecycle of applications, media and data in one login through one procurement relationship. Its offerings include:

•Enterprise mobile software including content management, location-based services, marketing automation, business intelligence and analytics, alerts, notifications and messaging, audience engagement, audience monetization, vertical solutions and cryptonetworking, MaaS software application framework that pre-integrates all of our MaaS software ingredients for use within mobile application portfolios, solutions and services;

•Application transactions for mobile audience building, user acquisition, application discovery, audience engagement and audience monetization; and

•Data for data enrichment expanding connections and attributes of a Phunware ID and building custom audience for use in mobile media

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We intend to continue investing for long-term growth. We have invested and expect to continue investing in expanding our ability to market, sell and provide our current and future products and services to customers globally. We also expect to continue investing in the development and improvement of new and existing products and services to address customers' needs. We currently do not expect to be profitable in the near future.

Key Business Metrics

Our management regularly monitors certain financial measures to track the progress of its business against internal goals and targets. We believe that the most important of these measures include backlog and deferred revenue.

Backlog and Deferred Revenue. Backlog represents future amounts to be invoiced under our current agreements. At any point in the contract term, there can be amounts that we have not yet been contractually able to invoice. Until such time as these amounts are invoiced, they are not recorded in revenues, deferred revenue, accounts receivable or elsewhere in our condensed consolidated financial statements, and are considered by us to be backlog. We expect backlog to fluctuate up or down from period to period for several reasons, including the timing and duration of customer contracts, varying billing cycles and the timing and duration of customer renewals.

In addition, our deferred revenue consists of amounts that have been invoiced but that have not yet been recognized as revenues as of the end of a reporting period. Together, the sum of deferred revenue and backlog represents the total billed and unbilled contract value yet to be recognized in revenues, and provides visibility into future revenue streams.

The following table sets forth the backlog and deferred revenue:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Backlog	$	3,719	$	5,496
Deferred revenue	5,856		7,124
Total backlog and deferred revenue	$	9,575	$	12,620

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Gross Margin and Adjusted EBITDA

We report our financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures that fall within the meaning of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation G and Regulation S-K Item 10(e), which may provide users of the financial information with additional meaningful comparison to prior period results. Our non-GAAP financial measures include adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") (our "non-GAAP financial measures"). Management uses these measures (i) to compare operating performance on a consistent basis, (ii) to calculate incentive compensation for its employees, (iii) for planning purposes including the preparation of its internal annual operating budget, and (iv) to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of operational strategies.

Our non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. They are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to revenue or net loss, as applicable, or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other businesses. Our non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our operating results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include:

•Non-cash compensation is and will remain a key element of our overall long-term incentive compensation package, although we exclude it as an expense when evaluating its ongoing operating performance for a particular period;

•Our non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of ongoing operations, and;

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•other companies in our industry may calculate our non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

We compensate for these limitations to our non-GAAP financial measures by relying primarily on its GAAP results and using our non-GAAP financial measures only for supplemental purposes. Our non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments for items that may not occur in future periods. However, we believe these adjustments are appropriate because the amounts recognized can vary significantly from period to period, do not directly relate to the ongoing operations of our business and complicate comparisons of our internal operating results and operating results of other peer companies over time. For example, it is useful to exclude non-cash, stock-based compensation expenses because the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and these expenses can vary significantly across periods due to timing of new stock-based awards. We may also exclude certain discrete, unusual, one-time, or non-cash costs, including transaction costs and the income tax impact of adjustments in order to facilitate a more useful period-over-period comparison of its financial performance. Each of the normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments described in this paragraph help management with a measure of our operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations or are non-cash expenses.

The following table sets forth the non-GAAP financial measures we monitor.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Adjusted gross profit (1)	$	1,513		$	2,822		3,120			5,545
Adjusted gross margin (1)	68.4		%	51.2		%	64.3		%	51.2		%
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	(1,817)		$	(2,411)		$	(4,994)		$	(5,615)

(1)Adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross margin are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross margin provide supplemental information with respect to gross profit and gross margin regarding ongoing performance. We define adjusted gross profit as net revenues less cost of revenue, adjusted to exclude one-time revenue adjustments, stock-based compensation and amortization of intangible assets. We define adjusted gross margin as adjusted gross profit as a percentage of net revenues.

(2)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides helpful information with respect to operating performance as viewed by management, including a view of our business that is not dependent on (i) the impact of our capitalization structure and (ii) items that are not part of day-to-day operations. We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss plus (i) interest expense, (ii) income tax expense, (iii) depreciation, (iv) amortization, and further adjusted for (v) one-time adjustments, and (vi) stock-based compensation expense.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to each of the non-GAAP financial measures discussed above.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Gross profit	$	1,445		$	2,788		$	2,994		$	5,486
Add back:  Amortization of intangibles	6			10			13			21
Add back:  Stock-based compensation	62			24			113			38
Adjusted gross profit	$	1,513		$	2,822		$	3,120		$	5,545
Adjusted gross margin	68.4		%	51.2		%	64.3		%	51.2		%

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	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Net loss	$	(3,511)	$	(3,067)	$	(7,474)	$	(6,561)
Add back:  Depreciation and amortization	38		84		88		175
Add back:  Interest expense	460		151		561		339
Add back:  Income tax expense	—		5		—		5
EBITDA	(3,013)		(2,827)		(6,825)		(6,042)
Add Back:  Stock-based compensation	1,115		416		1,750		427
Add Back: Loss on extinguishment of debt	81		—		81		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(1,817)	$	(2,411)	$	(4,994)	$	(5,615)

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue and Gross Profit

There are a number of factors that impact the revenue and margin profile of the services and technology offerings we provide, including, but not limited to, solution and technology complexity, technical expertise requiring the combination of products and types of services provided, as well as other elements that may be specific to a particular client solution.

Platform Subscriptions and Services Revenue. Subscription revenue is derived from software license fees, which comprise subscription fees from customers licensing the Company’s Software Development Kits (SDKs), which includes accessing the MaaS platform and/or MaaS platform data; application development service revenue from the development of customer applications, or apps, which are built and delivered to customers; and support fees.

Subscription revenue from SDK licenses gives the customer the right to access the Company’s MaaS platform. Application development revenue is derived from development services around designing and building new applications or enhancing existing applications. Support revenue is comprised of support and maintenance fees of customer applications, software updates, and technical support for application development services for a support term.

From time to time, the Company also provides professional services by outsourcing employees’ time and materials to customers.

Platform subscriptions and services gross profit is equal to subscriptions and services revenue less the cost of personnel and related costs for our support and professional services employees, external consultants, stock-based compensation and allocated overhead. Costs associated with our development and project management teams are generally recognized as incurred. Costs directly attributable to the development or support of applications relating to platform subscription customers are included in cost of sales, whereas costs related to the ongoing development and maintenance of Phunware’s MaaS platform are expensed in research and development. As a result, platform subscriptions and services gross profit may fluctuate from period to period.

Application Transaction Revenue. We also generate revenue by charging advertisers to deliver advertisements (ads) to users of mobile connected devices. Depending on the specific terms of each advertising contract, we generally recognize revenue based on the activity of mobile users viewing these ads. Fees from advertisers are commonly based on the number of ads delivered or views, clicks, or actions by users on mobile advertisements delivered, and we recognize revenue at the time the user views, clicks, or otherwise acts on the ad. We sell ads through several offerings: cost per thousand impressions, cost per click and cost per action. In addition, we generate application transaction revenue thru in-app purchases from application on our platform.

Application transaction gross profit is equal to application transaction revenue less cost of revenue associated with application transactions. Application transaction gross profit is impacted by the cost of direct premium, performance and network cost as well as based on the activity of mobile users viewing ads and marketing engagements through mobile applications. As a result, our application transaction gross profit may fluctuate from period to period due to variable activity of mobile users.

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Gross Margin

Gross margin measures gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Gross margin is generally impacted by the same factors that affect changes in the mix of subscriptions and services and application transactions.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses include sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, depreciation and amortization of acquired intangible assets. Personnel costs are the most significant component of operating expenses and consist of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation and, in sales and marketing expense, commissions.

Sales and Marketing Expense. Sales and marketing expense is comprised of compensation, commission expense, variable incentive pay and benefits related to sales personnel, along with travel expenses, other employee related costs, including stock-based compensation and expenses related to marketing programs and promotional activities. We expect our sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars as we increase our sales and marketing organizations as we plan to increase revenue but may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to period.

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense is comprised of compensation and benefits of administrative personnel, including variable incentive pay and stock-based compensation, bad debt expenses and other administrative costs such as facilities expenses, professional fees and travel expenses. We expect to incur additional general and administrative expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and listing standards of Nasdaq, additional insurance expenses, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services. We also expect to increase the size of our general and administrative function to support the growth of our business. As a result, we expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars but may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to period.

Research and Development Expense. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs and overhead allocation. We believe that continued investment in our platform is important for our growth. As a result, we expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows but may fluctuate as a percentage of revenue from period to period.

Interest Expense 

Interest expense includes interest related to our outstanding debt, including amortization of discounts and deferred issuance costs, as well as, factoring fees related to our factoring financing arrangement.

Our board of directors has authorized two different debt offerings allowing the Company to seek up to $20 million in each debt offering. We further have entered into certain related party bridge loans and a senior convertible note.

Refer to Note 5 "Factoring Agreement" and Note 6 "Debt" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on our factoring arrangement and debt offerings, respectively.

We also may seek additional debt financings to fund the expansion of our business or to finance strategic acquisitions in the future, which may have an impact on its interest expense. Refer to Note 13 "Subsequent Events" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion regarding new convertible notes issued in July 2020.

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Results of Operations

Net Revenues

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Net Revenues
Platform subscriptions and services	$	2,023		$	5,092		$	(3,069)	(60.3)	%
Application transaction	190			418			(228)		(54.5)	%
Net revenues	$	2,213		$	5,510		$	(3,297)	(59.8)	%
Platform subscriptions and services as a percentage of net revenues	91.4		%	92.4		%
Application transactions as a percentage of net revenues	8.6		%	7.6		%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020						Change
	2020			2019			Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Net Revenues
Platform subscriptions and services	$	4,414		$	9,913		$	(5,499)	(55.5)	%
Application transaction	439			912			(473)		(51.9)	%
Net revenues	$	4,853		$	10,825		$	(5,972)	(55.2)	%
Platform subscriptions and services as a percentage of net revenues	91.0		%	91.6		%
Application transactions as a percentage of net revenues	9.0		%	8.4		%

Net revenues decreased $3.3 million, or (59.8)%, for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019. Platform subscriptions and services revenue decreased $3.1 million, or (60.3)%, driven by the completion of our statement of work with Fox Networks Group ("Fox") on September 30, 2019. Revenue from Fox was approximately $3.1 million three months ended June 30, 2019. See the subheading titled, "Concentrations of Credit Risk," in Note 1, "The Company and Basis of Presentation" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Application transaction revenue decreased $0.2 million, or (54.5)%, for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the corresponding period in 2019, primarily because of the various decreased or ceased advertising campaigns.

Net revenues decreased $6.0 million, or (55.2)%, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period in 2019. Platform subscriptions and services revenue decreased $5.5 million, or (55.5)%, driven by the completion of our statement of work with Fox, as noted above . Revenue from Fox was approximately $6.4 million six months ended June 30, 2019. This decrease was partially offset by the fulfillment of new contracts during six months ended.

Application transaction revenue decreased $0.5 million, or (51.9)%, for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the corresponding period in 2019, primarily because of the various decreased or ceased advertising campaigns.

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Cost of Revenues, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Cost of Revenues
Platform subscriptions and services	$	749		$	2,600		$	(1,851)	(71.2)	%
Application transaction	19			122			(103)		(84.4)	%
Total cost of revenues	$	768		$	2,722		$	(1,954)	(71.8)	%
Gross Profit
Platform subscriptions and services	1,274			$	2,492		$	(1,218)	(48.9)	%
Application transaction	171			296			(125)		(42.2)	%
Total gross profit	$	1,445		$	2,788		$	(1,343)	(48.2)	%
Gross Margin
Platform subscriptions and services	63.0		%	48.9		%
Application transaction	90.0		%	70.8		%
Total gross margin	65.3		%	50.6		%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020						Change
	2020			2019			Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Cost of Revenues
Platform subscriptions and services	$	1,795		$	5,108		$	(3,313)	(64.9)	%
Application transaction	64			231			(167)		(72.3)	%
Total cost of revenues	$	1,859		$	5,339		$	(3,480)	(65.2)	%
Gross Profit
Platform subscriptions and services	2,619			$	4,805		$	(2,186)	(45.5)	%
Application transaction	375			681			(306)		(44.9)	%
Total gross profit	$	2,994		$	5,486		$	(2,492)	(45.4)	%
Gross Margin
Platform subscriptions and services	59.3		%	48.5		%
Application transaction	85.4		%	74.7		%
Total gross margin	61.7		%	50.7		%

Total gross profit decreased $1.3 million, or (48.2)% and $2.5 million, or (45.4)% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, when compared to the corresponding period of 2019, due to the revenue items described above, as well as lower application transaction costs due to decreased or ceased advertising campaigns.

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Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	$	277	$	665	$	(388)	(58.3)	%
General and administrative	3,760		3,970		(210)		(5.3)	%
Research and development	378		1,077		(699)		(64.9)	%
Total operating expenses	$	4,415	$	5,712	$	(1,297)	(22.7)	%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020				Change
	2020		2019		Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	$	882	$	1,389	$	(507)	(36.5)	%
General and administrative	7,705		7,945		(240)		(3.0)	%
Research and development	1,239		2,386		(1,147)		(48.1)	%
Total operating expenses	$	9,826	$	11,720	$	(1,894)	(16.2)	%

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense decreased $0.4 million, or (58.3)% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period of 2019, primarily due to reduced employee compensation costs as a result of lower headcount of $0.2 million and $0.2 million related to marketing, software and contractor spend.

Sales and marketing expense decreased $0.5 million, or (36.5)% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period of 2019, primarily due to reduced employee compensation costs as a result of lower headcount of $0.4 million. Other decreases of $0.1 million due to reduction of contractor and consulting spend.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense decreased $0.2 million, or (5.3)% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period of 2019, due to decrease of $0.3 million for payroll and related costs due to a decrease in headcount and $0.5 million for professional fees, IT related cost such as software expense, and $0.1 million of lower bad debt expense. These decreases were primarily offset by a reduction of $0.7 million, related to stock-based compensation expense.

General and administrative expense decreased $0.2 million, or (3.0)% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period of 2019, primarily due to decrease of $1 million related professional fees and software expense, as well as, $0.5 million for various other expenses. These decreases were primarily offset by an increase of $1.3 million, related to stock-based compensation expense.

Research and Development

Research and development expense decreased $0.7 million, or (64.9)% and $1.1 million, or (48.1)% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the corresponding period of 2019, primarily due to reduced employee compensation costs as a result of lower headcount.

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Other expense

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Other expense
Interest expense	$	(460)	$	(151)	$	(309)	204.6	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(81)		—		(81)		—	%
Other income (expense)	—		13		(13)		(100.0)	%
Total other expense	$	(541)	$	(138)	$	(403)	292.0	%

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020				Change
	2020		2019		Amount		%
	(in thousands)
Other expense
Interest expense	$	(561)	$	(339)	$	(222)	65.5	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(81)		—		(81)		—	%
Impairment of digital currencies	—		—		—		—	%
Other income (expense)	—		17		(17)		(100.0)	%
Total other expense	$	(642)	$	(322)	$	(320)	99.4	%

Other expense increased $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, when compared to the corresponding period of 2019, primarily related to the increase in interest related to our debt borrowings as further described in Note 6 "Debt" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This is partially offset by a lower amount of financing used, and corresponding interest under our factoring financing arrangement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2020, we held total cash and restricted cash of $245 thousand, of which over 99% of our cash was held in the United States.

In April 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the issuance of $20 million of convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 7% per annum and mature on June 3, 2024. The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. Each Convertible Note will convert voluntarily upon a holder’s election, or automatically upon the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $17.25 per share for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days, if a registration statement is then in effect covering the disposition of the converted shares. The Company has one Convertible Note with a balance outstanding of $250 thousand as of June 30, 2020. Refer to Note 6 “Debt” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on the Convertible Notes.

In October 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the issuance of $20 million of promissory notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 10% per annum. During the term of the Notes, the Company will maintain a restricted bank account with a minimum balance of one year of interest payments on the aggregate principal balance of all Notes, which will be available for use exclusively to satisfy any payments owed by the Company under the Notes. The principal and unpaid accrued interest on the Notes will be due and payable on demand by the majority Note holders on or after the date that is 60 months following November 15, 2019. The Notes have a balance outstanding of $905 thousand as of June 30, 2020. Refer to Note 6 “Debt” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on the Notes.

During the first quarter of 2020, various related parties loaned the Company $560 thousand. The Related-Party Bridge Loans ("RPBLs") have an interest of 10% per annum and will mature on November 14, 2024. Payments on or payoff of the

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RPBLs may be made early with no penalty. Refer to Note 6 “Debt” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on the RPBLs.

On March 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement for the sale of a Senior Convertible Note with an institutional investor with an initial principal amount of $3.0 million (the “Senior Convertible Note”) for a cash purchase price of approximately $2.8 million (reflecting an original issue discount of $0.2 million) in a private placement that closed on March 20, 2020. After deducting the placement agent fee and other estimated expenses, net cash proceeds at the closing were approximately $2.4 million. In addition, we granted the noteholder participation rights in future equity and equity-linked offerings of securities during the two years after the closing in an amount of up to 30% of the securities being sold in such offerings. Under the Senior Convertible Note, we are subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, the existence of liens, the repayment of indebtedness, the payment of cash in respect of dividends, distributions or redemptions, and the transfer of assets, among other matters. We also are subject to a financial covenant requiring that we have an available cash balance of at least $200 thousand at each quarterly balance sheet date. The Company believes the "available" cash under the Senior Convertible Note consists of its total cash balances. The Senior Convertible Note was redeemed for cash and paid in full with the issuance of the 2020 Convertible Notes on July 15, 2020. Refer to Note 6 “Debt” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on the Senior Convertible Notes. Refer to Note 13 “Subsequent Events” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on the 2020 Convertible Notes issued in July 2020.

On April 10, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of $2.85 million from JPMorgan Chase, N.A. pursuant to the PPP ("PPP Loan") under the CARES Act. The loan, which was in the form of a note dated April 9, 2020, matures on April 9, 2022, bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum and is payable monthly commencing on November 9, 2020. The note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to the maturity with no prepayment penalties. Refer to Note 6 “Debt” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on the PPP Loan.

Going Concern

The Company has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows. Although the Company continues to focus on growing its revenues, it expects these trends to continue into the foreseeable future. We will be required to raise additional capital through debt or equity financings and/or reduce operating expenses. Despite a history of successfully implementing similar plans to alleviate adverse financial conditions, these sources of working capital are not currently assured. There can be no assurance that we will be able to consummate such financings on favorable terms or at all. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a “going concern”.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019		Amount		%
Consolidated statement of cash flows
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(4,750)	$	(5,866)	$	1,116	(19.0)	%
Net cash provided by investing activities	—		88		(88)		(100.0)	%
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	4,712		(314)		5,026		(1,600.6)	%

Operating Activities

The primary source of cash from operating activities is receipts from the sale of platform subscriptions and services and application transactions to customers. The primary uses of cash from operating activities are payments to employees for compensation and related expenses, publishers and other vendors for the purchase of digital media inventory and related costs, sales and marketing expenses and general operating expenses.

We utilized $4.8 million of cash from operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily resulting from a net loss of $7.5 million, as adjusted $1.8 million for stock-based compensation, $0.2 million for amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs and $0.1 million for loss on extinguishment of debt. In addition, certain changes in

32

our operating assets and liabilities resulted in significant cash increases (decreases) as follows: $0.4 million from an increase in accounts payable, $0.9 million from an increase in accrued expenses, $0.8 million from an increase in account receivable, $(1.3) million from an decrease in deferred revenue and $(0.2) million from an decrease in prepaid and other assets.

The Company utilized $5.9 million of cash from operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily resulting from a net loss of $6.6 million, as adjusted $0.1 million for depreciation and amortization, $0.1 million for allowance for doubtful receivables and $0.4 million for stock-based compensation. In addition, certain changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in significant cash increases (decreases) as follows: $(0.8) million from a decrease in accounts payable, $0.3 million from an increase in accrued expenses, and $0.6 million from an increase in deferred revenue.

Investing Activities

Investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 consisted of the sale of digital currencies received for warrant exercises.

Financing Activities

Our financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 consisted of proceeds from various debt borrowings offset by net repayments on our financing factoring agreement. We acquired $4.7 million of cash from financing activities, as a result of $6.0 million from new issuances of debt (inclusive of $0.6 million from related parties), partially offset of $0.7 million of payments on debt (inclusive of $0.2 million to related parties) and $0.7 million in net repayments on our factoring financing agreement. Refer to Note 6 “Debt” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on the Notes.

Financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 consisted primarily of the proceeds from warrant exercises, and utilization of the Company’s financing factoring agreement, as well as redemptions and dividends of the Series A convertible preferred stock. The Company utilized $0.3 million of cash from financing activities, primarily as follows: $(6.2) million from redemptions and dividend payments of Series A convertible preferred stock, $(0.7) million of repayments from the Company’s factoring financing agreement; offset by $6.1 million provided by warrant exercise, $0.3 million provided from convertible notes borrowings and $0.2 million from PhunCoin deposits.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods ended June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K, such as the use of unconsolidated subsidiaries, structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, the Company provides indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, solutions to be provided by the Company or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with directors and certain current and former officers and employees that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of, or are related to, their status or service as directors, officers or employees.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies”, in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements for analysis of recent accounting pronouncements that are applicable to our business.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets

33

and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Except for the changes described in Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements related to the issuance of the Senior Convertible Note and the adoption of ASU 2017-04, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the foregoing, our Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.  Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Certifying Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information set forth under the "Litigation" subheading in Note 7, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Important risk factors that could affect our operations and financial performance, or that could cause results or events to differ from current expectations, are described in “Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020 for the year ended December 31, 2019, as supplemented by the "Risk Factors" section in our prospectus filed with the SEC on April 13, 2020 and the information set forth below. An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. The risks and uncertainties described below and within our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the prospectus are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business or results of operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flow and financial condition.

We are closely monitoring the impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, on all aspects of our business. In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread across the globe and has already resulted in significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. The future impacts of the pandemic and any resulting economic impact are largely unknown. It is possible that the COVID-19 pandemic, the measures taken by local, state and national governments and the resulting economic impact may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.

The COVID-19 pandemic may prevent us from conducting business activities at full capacity for an extended period of time, including due to spread of the disease or due to shutdowns that are requested or mandated by governmental authorities. For example, we have taken precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to our employees which may disrupt our operations, including implementing a work-from-home policy for our employees until we determine to reopen our offices, canceling marketing events and suspending travel. An extended period of remote work arrangements could strain our business continuity plans, introduce operational risk, including, but not limited to, cybersecurity risks, prevent us from expanding or upselling our customer base, prevent the timely delivery of contracts in progress and impair our ability to effectively manage our business.

In addition, any economic downturn or recession resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic will likely impact demand for our products and services and adversely affect our operations. We expect there to be volatility in customer demand and buying habits as the pandemic continues and the resulting economic impacts are felt, including the possibilities that our end customers delay, decrease or cancel their planned purchases, or are unable to pay amounts owed to us.

The extent to which COVID-19 ultimately impacts our business, results of operations, cash flow and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions taken by governments and authorities to contain the virus or treat its impact, and when and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. These uncertainties have resulted in volatility in securities and financial markets, which may prevent us from accessing the equity or debt capital markets on attractive terms or at all for a period of time, which could have an adverse effect on our liquidity position. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including as a result of any recession that may occur. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also exacerbate other risks discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020. For these reasons, the current level of uncertainty over the economic and operational impacts of COVID-19 means the impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial position cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Our loans under the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") may not be forgiven or may subject us to challenges and investigations regarding qualification for the loan.

On April 10, 2020, we received a loan under the PPP, which was established under the CARES Act, in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $2.85 million. Pursuant to the CARES Act, we may apply for and be granted forgiveness for

35

all or a portion of the PPP Loans. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the loan proceeds for qualifying expenses, which include payroll costs, rent, and utility costs over the allowable measurement period following receipt of the loan proceeds.

In addition to changes enacted by the Congress, the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) continues to develop and issue new and updated guidance regarding the PPP Loans application process, including guidance regarding required borrower certifications and requirements for forgiveness of loans made under the program. We continue to track the guidance as it is released and assess and re-assess various aspects of its application as necessary based on the guidance. However, given the evolving nature of the guidance and based on our projected ability to use the loan proceeds for qualifying expenses, we cannot give any assurance that the anticipated PPP Loans will be forgiven in whole or in part.

Additionally, the PPP Loans applications required us to certify that the current economic uncertainty made the PPP Loans request necessary to support our ongoing operations. While we made this certification in good faith after analyzing, among other things, our financial situation and access to alternative forms of capital, and believe that we satisfied all eligibility criteria for the PPP Loans and that our receipt of the PPP Loans is consistent with the broad objectives of the PPP of the CARES Act, the certification described above does not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation. In addition, the SBA has stated that it is unlikely that a public company with substantial market value and access to capital markets will be able to make the required certification in good faith. The lack of clarity regarding loan eligibility under the program has resulted in significant media coverage and controversy with respect to public companies applying for and receiving loans. If, despite our good faith belief that we satisfied all eligibility requirements for the PPP Loans, we are found to have been ineligible to receive the PPP Loans or in violation of any of the laws or regulations that apply to us in connection with the PPP Loans, including the False Claims Act, we may be subject to penalties, including significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties and could be required to repay the PPP Loans. In the event that we seek forgiveness of all or a portion of the PPP Loans, we will also be required to make certain certifications which will be subject to audit and review by governmental entities and could subject us to significant penalties and liabilities if found to be inaccurate. In addition, our receipt of the PPP Loans may result in adverse publicity and damage to our reputation, and a review or audit by the SBA or other government entity or claims under the False Claims Act could consume significant financial and management resources. Any of these events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

The information set forth under the "Key Events and Recent Developments" subheading in Management's Discussion and Analysis included in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 6. Exhibits

Unless otherwise noted, the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference (as stated therein) as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-37862), filed with the SEC on January 2, 2019).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-37862), filed with the SEC on January 2, 2019).
3.3	Certificate of Designation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-37862) filed with the SEC on January 2, 2019).
4.1	Form of Note, dated April 9, 2020, between the Company and JPMorgan Chase (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrants Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2020.
4.2	Form of Senior Convertible Note, dated March 20, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrants Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).
10.1	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 19, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrants Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).
10.2	Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 20, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrants Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).
10.3	Form of Security Purchase Agreement, dated July 14, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
10.4	Form of Series A Senior Convertible Note , dated July 15, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
10.5	Form of Series B Senior Convertible Note, dated July 15, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
10.6	Form of Note Purchase Agreement , dated July 14, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
10.7	Form of Secured Promissory Note, dated July 14, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
10.8	Form of Master Netting Agreement, dated July 15, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
10.9	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated July 15, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
10.10	Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 15, 2020, between the Company and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC – Segregated Master Portfolio B (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2020).
31.1*	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)*
31.2*	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)*
32.1(1)	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350*
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase*
101.PRE	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*

*Filed herewith

37

(1)The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by the Registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

38

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

August 14, 2020	Phunware, Inc.
	By:	/s/ Alan S. Knitowski
		Name:	Alan S. Knitowski
		Title:	Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

By:	/s/ Matt Aune
	Name:	Matt Aune
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

39

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Alan S. Knitowski, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Phunware Inc.;

1.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

2.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

3.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

1.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 14, 2020	/s/ Alan S. Knitowski
	Alan S. Knitowski Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Matt Aune, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Phunware Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:August 14, 2020	/s/ Matt Aune
	Matt Aune Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Alan S. Knitowski, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of Phunware, Inc. (the “Company”), and Matt Aune, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his or her knowledge:

1.The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2020, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

2.The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

August 14, 2020 Phunware, Inc.

By:	/s/Alan S. Knitowski
	Name:	Alan S. Knitowski
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

By:	/s/ Matt Aune
	Name:	Matt Aune
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

“This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Phunware, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.”

XML

COVER PAGE - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Aug. 12, 2020
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-37862
Entity Registrant Name	PHUNWARE, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	26-4413774
Entity Address, Address Line One	7800 Shoal Creek Blvd
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 230-S
Entity Address, City or Town	Austin
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	78757
City Area Code	512
Local Phone Number	693-4199
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		43,623,404
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Entity Central Index Key	0001665300
Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	PHUN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrant
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to purchase one share of Common Stock
Trading Symbol	PHUNW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash	$ 154	$ 276
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,190 and $3,179 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	928	1,671
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	560	368
Total current assets	1,642	2,315
Property and equipment, net	15	24
Goodwill	25,781	25,857
Intangible assets, net	175	253
Deferred tax asset	241	241
Restricted cash	91	86
Other assets	276	276
Total assets	28,221	29,052
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	9,737	10,159
Accrued expenses	4,415	4,035
Total current deferred revenue	2,980	3,360
PhunCoin deposits	1,202	1,202
Factored receivables payable	363	1,077
Current maturities of long-term debt, net	1,333	0
Total current liabilities	20,030	19,833
Long-term debt	3,810	910
Long-term debt - related party	555	195
Deferred tax liability	241	241
Deferred revenue	2,876	3,764
Deferred rent	195	83
Total liabilities	27,707	25,026
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value	4	4
Additional paid-in capital	132,045	128,008
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(457)	(382)
Accumulated deficit	(131,078)	(123,604)
Total stockholders’ equity	514	4,026
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 28,221	$ 29,052

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 3,190	$ 3,179
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net revenues	$ 2,213	$ 5,510	$ 4,853	$ 10,825
Cost of revenues	768	2,722	1,859	5,339
Gross profit	1,445	2,788	2,994	5,486
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	277	665	882	1,389
General and administrative	3,760	3,970	7,705	7,945
Research and development	378	1,077	1,239	2,386
Total operating expenses	4,415	5,712	9,826	11,720
Operating loss	(2,970)	(2,924)	(6,832)	(6,234)
Interest expense
Interest expense	(460)	(151)	(561)	(339)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(81)	0	(81)	0
Other income	0	13	0	17
Total other expense	(541)	(138)	(642)	(322)
Loss before taxes	(3,511)	(3,062)	(7,474)	(6,556)
Income tax expense	0	(5)	0	(5)
Net loss	(3,511)	(3,067)	(7,474)	(6,561)
Other comprehensive loss:
Cumulative translation adjustment	(3)	(30)	(75)	(3)
Comprehensive loss	$ (3,514)	$ (3,097)	$ (7,549)	$ (6,564)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.19)
Weighted-average common shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted (in shares)	41,869	38,810	40,982	34,537

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 5,377
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	6,000
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Series A convertible preferred stock redeemed for cash	$ (5,377)
Series A convertible preferred stock redeemed for cash (in shares)	(6,000)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 0
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019	0
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 5,827	$ 3	$ 118,062	$ (111,820)	$ (418)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		27,253,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	52		52
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares (in shares)		119,000
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note	0
Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note	0
Exercise of common stock warrants for cash	6,184		6,184
Exercise of common stock warrants for cash (in shares)		617,000
Exercise of common stock warrants pursuant to cashless provisions	0	$ 1	(1)
Exercise of common stock warrants pursuant to cashless provision (in shares)		10,913,000
Series A convertible preferred stock redeemed for cash	(863)		(863)
Waiver of sponsor promissory note originally issued in conjunction with Reverse Merger and Recapitalization	1,993		1,993
Stock-based compensation expense	427		427
Equity classified cash conversion feature of Senior Convertible Notes	0
Cumulative translation adjustment	(3)				(3)
Net loss	(6,561)			(6,561)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	8,143	$ 4	125,854	(117,294)	(421)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		38,902,000
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 0
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019	0
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 0
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019	0
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 10,807	$ 4	125,421	(114,227)	(391)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		38,331,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	17		17
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares (in shares)		58,000
Exercise of common stock warrants pursuant to cashless provision (in shares)		513,000
Stock-based compensation expense	416		416
Cumulative translation adjustment	(30)				(30)
Net loss	(3,067)			(3,067)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	8,143	$ 4	125,854	(117,294)	(421)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		38,902,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 0
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	0
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 0
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020	0
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 4,026	$ 4	128,008	(123,604)	(382)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		39,811,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	87		87
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares (in shares)		153,000
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)		694,000
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees	1,014		1,014
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees (in shares)		1,133,000
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note	2,266		2,266
Issuance of common stock related to conversion of Senior Convertible Note (in shares)		1,763,675
Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note	(1,299)		(1,299)
Stock-based compensation expense	1,750		1,750
Equity classified cash conversion feature of Senior Convertible Notes	219		219
Cumulative translation adjustment	(75)				(75)
Net loss	(7,474)			(7,474)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	514	$ 4	132,045	(131,078)	(457)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		43,555,000
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 0
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020	0
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 0
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020	0
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 1,353	$ 4	129,370	(127,567)	(454)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		40,693,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares	70		70
Exercise of stock options, net of vesting of restricted shares (in shares)		120,000
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)		578,000
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees	523		523
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus, and board of director fees (in shares)		400,000
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note	2,266		2,266
Issuance of common stock related to conversion of Senior Convertible Note (in shares)		1,764,000
Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note	(1,299)		(1,299)
Stock-based compensation expense	1,115		1,115
Cumulative translation adjustment	(3)				(3)
Net loss	(3,511)			(3,511)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 514	$ 4	$ 132,045	$ (131,078)	$ (457)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		43,555,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (7,474)	$ (6,561)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	9	30
Amortization of acquired intangibles	78	143
Amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs	227	0
Loss on sale of digital currencies	0	4
Loss on extinguishment of debt	81	0
Non-cash interest expense	55	0
Bad debt (recovery) expense	(63)	132
Stock-based compensation	1,750	427
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	815	(71)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(193)	(99)
Accounts payable	356	(807)
Accrued expenses	877	330
Deferred revenue	(1,268)	606
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,750)	(5,866)
Investing activities
Proceeds received from sale of digital currencies	0	88
Net cash provided by investing activities	0	88
Financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs	5,436	250
Proceeds from related party bridge loans	560	0
Payments on senior convertible note	(455)	0
Payments on related party notes	(200)	0
Net repayments on factoring agreement	(714)	(659)
Proceeds from PhunCoin deposits	0	191
Proceeds from warrant exercises	0	6,092
Proceeds from exercise of options to purchase common stock	85	52
Series A convertible preferred stock redemptions and dividend payments	0	(6,240)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	4,712	(314)
Effect of exchange rate on cash and restricted cash	(79)	(4)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash	(117)	(6,096)
Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the period	362	6,344
Cash and restricted cash at the end of the period	245	248
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	328	361
Income taxes paid	0	0
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash financing activities:
Issuance of common stock for payment of legal, earned bonus and board of director fees	1,014	0
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversions of Senior Convertible Note	2,266	0
Reacquisition of equity component of Senior Convertible Note	(1,299)	0
Equity classified cash conversion feature of Senior Convertible Notes	$ 219	$ 0

XML

The Company and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The Company and Basis of Presentation

The Company and Basis of Presentation

The Company

Phunware, Inc. (the “Company”) offers a fully integrated software platform that equips companies with the products, solutions and services necessary to engage, manage and monetize their mobile application portfolios globally at scale. Phunware’s Multiscreen-as-a-Service ("MaaS") platform provides the entire mobile lifecycle of applications, media and data in one login through one procurement relationship. The Company’s MaaS technology is available in software development kit form for organizations developing their own application, via customized development services and prepackaged solutions. Through its integrated mobile advertising platform of publishers and advertisers, the Company provides in-app application transactions for mobile audience building, user acquisition, application discovery, audience engagement and audience monetization. Founded in 2009, the Company is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Austin, Texas.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the Company’s accounts and those of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2019 was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, but these interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, which are referenced herein. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2020 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited financial statements, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2020 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any future interim period.

Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation

Certain amounts in the financial statements of prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification had no effect on the Company's reported results of operations. A reclassification was made to the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 to identify related parties for debt issuances.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade accounts receivable. Although the Company limits its exposure to credit loss by depositing its cash with established financial institutions that management believes have good credit ratings and represent minimal risk of loss of principal, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable, and the Company believes the carrying value approximates fair value.

The following table sets forth the Company's concentration of revenue sources as a percentage of total net revenues.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Fox Networks Group	—	%	57	%	—	%	59	%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC	36	%	—	%	33	%	—	%
Houston Methodist	13	%	8	%	12	%	11	%
World Wide Technology, Inc.	11	%	4	%	10	%	4	%

The Company completed its contractual obligations under its statement of work with Fox Networks Group ("Fox") as of September 30, 2019. While the underlying master services agreement with Fox (setting forth general terms and conditions) remains in place, the Company does not have any active statements of work with Fox.

The following table sets forth the Company's concentration of accounts receivable, net of specific allowances for doubtful accounts.

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Houston Methodist	22	%	—	%
Wynn Las Vegas, LLC	12	%	—	%
Carrier Corporation (UTC)	11	%	—	%
HID Global (through Bluvision Inc.)	—	%	23	%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC	—	%	15	%
Presidio Networked Solutions LLC	—	%	11	%
MD Anderson	—	%	10	%

Going Concern

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern ("ASC 205-40") requires management to assess the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Under ASC 205-40, management has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to meet future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by this standard, management’s evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued.

The Company’s assessment included the preparation of a detailed cash forecast that included all projected cash inflows and outflows. The Company continues to focus on growing its revenues. Accordingly, operating expenditures may exceed the revenue it expects to receive for the foreseeable future. Additionally, the Company has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows and expects these trends to continue into the foreseeable future.

Future plans may include obtaining new debt financings and credit lines, utilizing existing or expanding existing credit lines, issuing equity securities, including the exercise of warrants, and reducing overhead expenses. Despite a history of successfully implementing similar plans to alleviate the adverse financial conditions, these sources of working capital are not currently assured, and consequently do not sufficiently mitigate the risks and uncertainties disclosed above. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional funding on satisfactory terms or at all. In addition, no assurance can be given that any such financing, if obtained, will be adequate to meet the Company’s capital needs and support its growth. If additional funding cannot be obtained on a timely basis and on satisfactory terms, its operations would be materially negatively impacted. The Company has therefore concluded there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern through one year from the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes in significant accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020 for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as set forth below.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Items subject to the use of estimates include, but are not limited to, the standalone selling price for our products and services, stock-based compensation, useful lives of long-lived assets including intangibles, fair value of intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill, reserves and certain accrued liabilities, the benefit period of deferred commissions, fair value of debt component of the convertible note at issuance, the fair value of the convertible note outstanding upon derecognition and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Senior Convertible Note

In March 2020, the Company issued a 7% Senior Convertible Note (defined below) with a principal amount of $3,000 for gross proceeds at closing of $2,371. In accounting for the issuance, the Company separated the note into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar liabilities that do not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the carrying amount of the liability component from the par value of the notes. The difference represents the debt discount, recorded as a reduction of the senior convertible note on our condensed consolidated balance sheet, and is amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the notes, we allocated the total amount of issuance costs incurred to liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized using the effective interest rate method, to interest expense over the term of the notes. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component are recorded as a reduction of the equity component within additional paid-in capital.

Loss per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Restricted shares subject to repurchase provisions relating to early exercises under the Company's 2009 Equity Incentive Plan were excluded from basic shares outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including those related to the Company's outstanding warrants and stock equity plans, to the extent dilutive. For all periods presented, these shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share of common stock because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for all periods presented.

As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, 1,485 and 25,230 shares were restricted, respectively, relating to early exercises of the Company’s 2009 Stock Option Plan and are excluded from basic shares outstanding for the three and six months then ended.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 simplifies how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step; comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the

reporting unit’s fair value. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). The core principle of ASU 2016-02 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. For operating leases, a lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Under current U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis for all operating leases, taking into account fixed accelerations, as well as reasonably assured renewal periods. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 ("ASU 2019-10"). ASU 2019-10 delayed the effective date of ASU 2016-02 for certain types of businesses, including private companies. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups ("JOBS") Act, the Company has previously elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an Emerging Growth Company ("EGC"), can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. The issuance of ASU 2020-05 further delayed the implementation of this guidance of the Company for one year. Although ASU 2020-05 would defer implementation for the Company by an additional year, the Company believes this guidance would still be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, as it would lose its status as an EGC at the latest on December 31, 2021. Although earlier application is permitted, the Company plans to implement this guidance beginning the first quarter of its fiscal year 2021. The Company currently does not expect the ASU 2016-02 to materially impact our results of operations; although, based upon our current operating leases outstanding, we believe this guidance may have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet. We do not plan on recasting prior periods.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 introduces a model based on expected losses to estimate credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. In addition, for available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. As a Smaller Reporting Company ("SRC") as defined by the SEC, the standard is currently effective for the Company annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We currently intend to adopt ASU No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company currently does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. Should the Company retain its EGC status through the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering, this guidance will be effective for us in our financial statements and consolidated notes thereto for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

We derived 99% and 94% of our net revenues from within the United States for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. We derived 99% of our net revenues from within the United States for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company derived 1% and 6% of its net revenues from outside the United States. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company derived 1% of its net revenues from outside the United States.

The following table sets forth the Company's net revenues:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net Revenues
Platform subscriptions and services	$	2,023	$	5,092	$	4,414	$	9,913
Application transaction	$	190	418		439		912
Net revenues	$	2,213	$	5,510	$	4,853	$	10,825

Deferred Revenue

The Company’s deferred revenue balance consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current deferred revenue
Platform subscriptions and services revenue	$	2,880	$	3,278
Application transaction revenue	100		82
Total current deferred revenue	$	2,980	$	3,360
Non-current deferred revenue
Platform subscriptions and services revenue	$	2,876	$	3,764
Total non-current deferred revenue	$	2,876	$	3,764
Total deferred revenue	$	5,856	$	7,124

Deferred revenue consists of customer billings or payments received in advance of the recognition of revenue under the arrangements with customers. The Company recognizes deferred revenue as revenue only when revenue recognition criteria are met. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $2,554 that was included in its deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations were $9,856 as of June 30, 2020, of which the Company expects to recognize 47% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

As a result of the issuance of the Notes (defined and discussed further below), the Company had $91 and $86 in restricted cash as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The following table sets forth the Company's cash and restricted cash as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Cash and restricted cash	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash	$	154	$	276
Restricted cash	91		86
Total cash and restricted cash	$	245	$	362

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Factoring Agreement

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Factoring Agreement [Abstract]

Factoring Agreement

Factoring Agreement

On June 15, 2016 the Company entered into a factoring agreement with CSNK Working Capital Finance Corp. (d/b/a Bay View Funding) (“Bay View”) whereby it sells select accounts receivable with recourse.

Under the terms of the agreement, Bay View may make advances to the Company of amounts representing up to 80% of the net amount of eligible accounts receivable. The factor facility is collateralized by a general security agreement over all the Company’s personal property and interests. Fees paid to Bay View for factored receivables are 1.80% for the first 30 days and 0.65% for every ten days thereafter, to a maximum of 90 days total outstanding. The Company bears the risk of credit loss on the receivables. These receivables are accounted for as a secured borrowing arrangement and not as a sale of financial assets.

The Company's factor expense is recorded as interest expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Factor expense totaled $44 and $97 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Factor expense totaled $146 and $332 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

The amount of factored receivables outstanding was $363 and $1,077 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There was $2,637 and $1,923 available for future advances as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

A summary of the Company's various debt obligations is set forth below:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Paycheck Protection Program Loan	$	2,850	$	—
Senior convertible note	1,258		—
Convertible notes	250		250
Promissory notes	905		855
Related-party bridge loans	360		—
Note payable	75		—
Total debt	$	5,698	$	1,105
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	$	(1,333)	$	—
Less: related-party debt	$	(555)	$	(195)
Long-term debt	$	3,810	$	910

Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") Loan

On April 10, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of $2,850 from JPMorgan Chase, N.A. pursuant to the PPP under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), which was enacted on March 27, 2020. The loan, which was in the form of a note dated April 9, 2020, matures on April 9, 2022, bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum and is payable monthly commencing on November 9, 2020. The note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to the maturity with no prepayment penalties.

The principal amount of the PPP loan is subject to forgiveness under the PPP upon Phunware’s request to the extent that PPP loan proceeds are used to pay expenses permitted by the PPP, including payroll, group health care benefits, rent, utilities and interest on other debt obligations incurred prior to February 15, 2020. Although the Company currently anticipates a portion of the loan to be forgiven, there can be no assurance that any part of the PPP loan will be forgiven.

Senior Convertible Note

In March 2020, the Company issued a Senior Convertible Note to an institutional investor with an initial principal amount of $3,000 (the “Senior Convertible Note”) for a cash proceeds of $2,760 (reflecting an original issue discount of $240) in a private placement. After deducting the placement agent fee and other estimated expenses, net cash proceeds at the closing were approximately $2,371.

The Senior Convertible Note bears interest at a rate of 7% per annum and includes a make-whole of interest from the date of issuance through the maturity date of December 31, 2021.

The Senior Convertible Note had a balance of $1,258, net of issuance cost, as of June 30, 2020. Interest expense related to the Senior Convertible Note for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $378, of which $185 was related to the amortization of issuance cost.

Monthly Payments and Conversion

Starting on April 30, 2020 and on the last trading day of the month and on the maturity date, the Company is required to make monthly payments. On each payment date, the Company will be required to settle a principal repayment of approximately $143 plus interest thereon (the “Installment Amount”) which shall be satisfied in shares of common stock of the Company at 100% of the Installment Amount, or at the election of the Company, in whole or in part, in cash, at 105% of the Installment Amount. Installment payments made in common stock are subject to customary equity conditions (including minimum floor price and volume thresholds), and are calculated on a conversion price equal to the lower of (x) the conversion price then in effect and (y) the greater of the Floor Price (as defined in the Senior Convertible Note) and 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price in the 10 days prior to the payment date.

In addition to the monthly payments described above, the noteholder elected an acceleration of payments of monthly principal, interest and make-whole payments pursuant to certain provisions of the Senior Convertible Note. These accelerated payments were made in the form of shares of common stock of the Company at the rate then in effect per the Senior Convertible Note. As a result, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,763,675 shares for principal, interest and make-whole payments to the noteholder during the quarter ended June 30, 2020. In accounting for the accelerated conversions, the Company followed the guidance as prescribed in ASC 470 in accounting for derecognition (or conversion) of convertible debt with a cash conversion feature. The Company determined the fair value of the debt immediately prior to its derecognition, with the difference between the consideration transfered to the noteholder and the fair value of the debt representing the reacquisition of the embedded conversion option. A loss on extinguishment was recorded based on the difference between the calculated fair value of the debt immediately prior to its derecognition and the carrying amount of the debt component, including any unamortized debt discount or issuance costs.

Covenants

Under the Senior Convertible Note, the Company is subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, the existence of liens, the repayment of indebtedness, the payment of cash in respect of dividends, distributions or redemptions, and the transfer of assets, among other matters, including the following provisions.

The Company is subject to a financial covenant that requires it to maintain available cash in the amount of $200 at the end of each fiscal quarter. The Company believes the "available" cash under the Senior Convertible Note is inclusive of its restricted cash balances.

Subsequent Redemption

On July 15, 2020, the Company redeemed the Senior Convertible Note at a price equal to 110% of the outstanding principal accrued and unpaid interest and make-whole interest. See Note 13 for additional discussion regarding the cash redemption of the Senior Convertible Note.

Related-Party Bridge Loans

During the first quarter of 2020, various related parties loaned the Company $560. The Related-Party Bridge Loans ("RPBLs") bear an interest of 10% per annum and will mature on November 14, 2024. Payments on or payoff of the RPBLs may be made early with no penalty. The RPBLs and amounts thereof were made by the following related parties: (i) $204 by Cane Capital, LLC, an entity owned in part by our Chief Executive Officer; (ii) $151 by Curo Capital Appreciation Fund, LLC, an entity in which the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer serve as co-presidents, (iii) $155 by various individuals associated by familiar relationship with our Chief Executive Officer; and (iv) $50 by Luan Dang, the Company's Chief Technology Officer. Transaction costs related to the RPBLs were not significant. Interest expense related to the RPBLs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was not significant and interest payable as of June 30, 2020 was not significant.

Convertible Notes

In April 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the issuance of $20,000 of convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”), which may be paid by investors in the form of cash or, in the Company’s sole discretion, cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. The Convertible Notes will be sold in reliance on an exemption from registration. The Company may not issue Convertible Notes under the Purchase Agreement in excess of $20,000, in the aggregate, unless otherwise agreed by the holders of a majority in interest of the principal outstanding under the Convertible Notes.

The Convertible Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 7% per annum. Interest under the Convertible Notes is payable quarterly beginning on September 30, 2019, and interest and principal under the Convertible Notes is payable monthly beginning on June 30, 2021. However, at the holder’s election, interest payments may be deferred until the earlier of (i) repayment in full of all remaining unpaid principal and (ii) conversion. The Convertible Notes mature on June 3, 2024.

The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. Each Note will convert voluntarily upon a holder’s election, or automatically upon the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $17.25 per share for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days, if a registration statement is then in effect covering the disposition of the converted shares. Assuming the Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $20,000 are sold under the Purchase Agreement, and assuming that all interest payments are deferred until maturity, the Convertible Notes would be convertible to a maximum total of approximately 2,347,826 shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company has one Convertible Note with a balance outstanding of $250 as of June 30, 2020. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Note were immaterial. Interest expense related to the Convertible Note for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was immaterial and interest payable as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was immaterial.

Promissory Notes

In October 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized the issuance of $20,000 of promissory notes (the “Notes”), which may be paid by investors in the form of cash or, in the Company’s sole discretion, cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. The Notes will be sold in reliance on an exemption from registration. The Company may prepay the Notes at any time without penalty. The Company may not issue Notes under the Purchase Agreement in excess of $20,000, in the aggregate, unless otherwise agreed by the holders of a majority in interest of the principal outstanding under the Notes.

The Notes bear ordinary interest at a rate of 10% per annum. Interest under the Notes is payable monthly beginning on November 30, 2019. During the term of the Notes, the Company will maintain a restricted bank account with a minimum balance of one year of interest payments on the aggregate principal balance of all Notes, which will be available for use exclusively to satisfy any payments owed by the Company under the Notes. The principal and unpaid accrued interest on the Notes will be due and payable on demand by the majority Note holders on or after the date that is 60 months following November 15, 2019. If an event of default occurs under the Notes, the majority Note holders may cause all principal and unpaid interest under the Notes to become immediately due and payable. In such event, the Notes will thereafter accrue interest at a rate of 12% per annum. Upon agreement between the Company and any senior creditor, the Notes will be subject to subordination in the right of payment to all current and future indebtedness or obligations of the Company for borrowed money to banks, commercial finance lenders, and other institutions regularly engaged in the business of lending money, or for factoring arrangements to parties providing such factoring.

During 2019, the Company issued a Note in the principal amount of $195, in exchange for cash consideration, to Cane Capital, LLC, an entity owned in part by Alan S. Knitowski, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a member of its board of directors.

The Notes have a balance outstanding of $905 as of June 30, 2020. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the Notes were immaterial. Interest expense related to the Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was $24 and $45, respectively. The interest payable as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was immaterial.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company has operating office space leases in Austin, Texas; Irvine, California; San Diego, California; and Miami, Florida. Rent expense under operating leases totaled $213 and $424 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Rent expense under operating leases totaled $166 and $331 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

Future minimum annual lease payments as of June 30, 2020 under the Company’s operating leases are set forth as follows:

Future minimum lease obligations years ending December 31,	Lease Obligations
2020 (Remainder)	$	411
2021	858
2022	725
2023	622
2024	609
Thereafter	209
Total	$	3,434

Litigation

On September 26, 2017, the Company filed a breach of contract complaint against Uber Technologies, Inc. ("Uber") seeking approximately $3,000 (plus interest) for unpaid invoices for advertising campaign services provided for Uber in the first quarter of 2017. The case, captioned Phunware, Inc. v. Uber Technologies, Inc., Case No. CGC-17-561546 was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California County of San Francisco. On November 13, 2017, Uber generally denied the allegations in the Company's complaint and also filed a cross-complaint against Phunware and Fetch Media, Ltd. ("Fetch") - the advertising agency Uber retained to run its mobile advertising campaign for the period 2014 through the first quarter of 2017 (the “Fetch Campaign”), asserting numerous fraud and contract-based claims. All the claims stem from Uber’s allegation that Fetch and/or the Company (and/or other-as-yet-unidentified ad networks and publishers) are liable for the Fetch Campaign, under which Uber allegedly overpaid Fetch and mobile advertising providers due to allegedly fraudulent attribution for installments of the Uber application. Uber did not allege any specific dollar amount that it is seeking in damages against either of the named cross-defendants (Fetch and Phunware). Phunware filed a motion to dismiss the cross-complaint, which was heard on February 7, 2018. The motion was granted in part and denied in part by the Court. On April 16, 2018, the action was designated complex, and the matter was assigned for all purposes to Judge Wiss of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 305). In March 2019, Uber and Fetch settled Uber’s claims against Fetch on terms that have not been disclosed to Phunware at this time. On May 7, 2019, the Company retained new counsel. In June 2019, the Court set a new trial date of April 20, 2020. On June 26, 2019, the case was reassigned for all purposes to Judge Jackson of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 613). On July 12, 2019, Uber filed its First Amended Cross-Complaint, naming new individual cross-defendants (Phunware Chief Executive Officer Alan S. Knitowski, and former Phunware employees D. Stasiuk, M. Borotsik, and A. Cook) accused of civil RICO violations and civil conspiracy to violate RICO, in addition to fraud, negligence, and unfair competition-based claims, and adding a fraud-based claim against Phunware. Uber’s First Amended Cross-Complaint alleges that cross-defendants fraudulently obtained approximately $17,000 from Uber, and claims treble damages, general and punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On October 1, 2019, Alan S. Knitowski (“Knitowski”) filed his Motion to Quash Service of Summons, which was denied on October 29, 2019. On October 7, 2019, D. Stasiuk, M. Borotsik, and A. Cook filed their Motion to Quash Service of Summons, which was denied on December 17, 2019. On December 2, 2019, the case was reassigned for all purposes to Judge Cheng of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 613). On January 22, 2020, the Court assigned the case to Judge Wiss of the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Department 305) for purposes of trial. On March 13, 2020, the Court announced that jury trials will be continued for 90 days from the date they have been scheduled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, on March 13, 2020, the Court ordered Phunware to pay $78 in monetary sanctions based on a discovery motion brought by Uber. On March 19, 2020, Uber filed a further discovery motion for terminating, evidentiary, issue and monetary sanctions. The March 19, 2020 motion was heard on July 29, 2020. On August 12, 2020, the Court issued its order on Uber’s sanctions motion, granting in part and denying in part Uber’s motion. The Court’s order, in part, struck Phunware’s Complaint and Phunware’s Answer to Uber’s First Amended Cross-Complaint so that default judgment should be entered against the Company. The order stated that the Court will schedule a default prove up hearing at a later date. The Company intends to vigorously contest the order and will file an appeal with the California Appellate Court. The case is still proceeding as to the remaining third party defendants. The Company is currently unable to determine the amount of loss or range of loss that may result from the prove up hearing or in this matter as a whole. The Company maintains that its claims against Uber are meritorious and that Uber’s claims against the Company are not. However, the Company makes no predictions on the likelihood of success of prevailing in any appellate review and in any subsequent proceedings in this matter.

On December 17, 2019, certain stockholders (the "Plaintiffs") filed a lawsuit against the Company. The case, captioned Wild Basin Investments, LLC, et al. v. Phunware, Inc., et al.; Cause No. D-1-GN-19- 008846 was filed in the 126th Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas. The Plaintiffs invested in various early rounds of financing while the Company was private and claim the Company should not have subjected their shares to a 180-day "lock up" period. According to the Plaintiffs, the price of Phunware stock dropped significantly during the lock up period. The Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages in excess of

$1,000. The Company maintains the Plaintiffs' claims are without merit and intends to contest vigorously the claims asserted in the lawsuit. All defendants have answered. The Court has not yet set a trial date or pretrial deadlines. The case is in early stage of discovery.

On March 9, 2020, Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (“EGS”) filed a lawsuit against the Company. The complaint, captioned Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP versus Stellar Acquisition III, Corp a/k/a Stellar Acquisition III, Inc. n/k/a Phunware, Inc., was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County (Case No. 152585/2020). EGS is seeking monetary damages in the amount of $690 for alleged unpaid invoices related to legal services rendered for Stellar in conjunction with the reverse merger with the Company, plus legal and court costs. Pursuant to a stipulation, the Company currently has until September 15, 2020 to respond to the complaint. The Company and EGS are exploring the possibility of resolution of this matter and are in the process of drafting a settlement agreement, but there can be no guarantees that a resolution will be successful. The Company has $690 in accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 related to the alleged unpaid invoices.

On April 24, 2020 Sha-Poppin Gourmet Popcorn, LLC, individually and on behalf of a class of similarly situated parties (the “Popcorn Company”), filed a lawsuit against certain defendants, including the Company. The case captioned, Sha-Poppin Gourmet Popcorn, LLC v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., RCSH Operations, LLC, RCSH Operations, Inc (together d/b/a Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse), and Phunware, Inc., was filed in the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. The Popcorn Company alleges that the Company was unjustly enriched by JPMorgan Chase for the Company's loan made pursuant to the PPP under the CARES Act. (See Note 6 for discussion related to the Company's CARES Act loan.) The Company filed a motion to dismiss the single claim against it and disputes the court's jurisdiction and the basis of the claim. The Company intends to defend the matter vigorously. Given the preliminary stage of the case, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of this dispute, or estimate the loss or range of loss, if any, associated with this matter.

From time to time, the Company is and may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. The outcomes of our legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular reporting period. In addition, for the matters disclosed above that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies.

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PhunCoin & PhunToken

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Security Token [Abstract]

PhunCoin & PhunToken

PhunCoin & PhunToken

PhunCoin

In 2018, PhunCoin, Inc., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, launched an offering pursuant to Rule 506(c) of Regulation D (the "Reg D Offering") as promulgated under the Securities Act of rights to acquire a token denominated as "PhunCoin" (the "Rights"). In addition, in 2019, we commenced an offering of Rights pursuant to Regulation CF (the "Reg CF Offering"). PhunCoin, Inc. accepts payment in the form of cash and digital currencies for purchases of the Rights. The amount of PhunCoin to be issued to the purchaser is equal to the dollar amount paid by the purchaser divided by the price of PhunCoin at the time of issuance of PhunCoin during the launch of the Token Ecosystem (as defined below) before taking into consideration an applicable discount rate, which is based on the time of the purchase (early purchasers will receive a larger discount rate).

PhunCoin is expected to be issued to Rights holders the earlier of (i) the launch of the Company’s blockchain technology enabled rewards marketplace and data exchange ("Token Ecosystem"), (ii) one (1) year after the issuance of the Rights to the purchaser, or (iii) the date the Company determines that it has the ability to enforce resale restrictions with respect to PhunCoin pursuant to applicable federal securities laws. Proceeds from the Rights offering are generally not refundable; however, the Company believes it has a contractual obligation to use good faith efforts to issue a token to Rights holders under the token rights agreement. Holders of the Rights may be issued PhunCoin even if the Token Ecosystem is not yet operational. PhunCoin will have no usefulness until the Token Ecosystem is operational because PhunCoin is expected to only be useable on the Token Ecosystem. The ongoing coronavirus of 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic has resulted in Phunware reducing human capital resources from the development of the Token Ecosystem to other initiatives of the organization. There can be no assurance as to when, or if, the Company will allocate resources to the development of the Token Ecosystem in the future or if the Company will be able to successfully launch the Token Ecosystem.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company has received aggregate cash proceeds from the Reg D Offering and Reg CF Offering of $1,207, pursuant to which the holders of the Rights will receive an aggregate of approximately 577.9 million PhunCoin if the launch of the Token Ecosystem occurs. The Reg CF Offering closed May 1, 2019. While the Reg D Offering is ongoing, the Company does not anticipate any additional proceeds to be raised.

PhunToken ("Phun")During the second quarter of 2019, Phunware announced the launch of a separate token, Phun, which is meant to act as a medium of exchange within the Token Ecosystem. Phun will be issued through a separate, wholly-owned subsidiary, Phun Token International, available initially only to persons outside of the United States and Canada. Consumers may receive Phun for actively engaging in marketing campaigns; developers and publishers may receive Phun for utilizing Phunware’s loyalty software development kit in order to better engage, manage and monetize their consumers; and brands will gain access to more relevant, verifiable data by accessing Phunware’s data exchange and using Phun for their own loyalty programs. As of June 30, 2020, the Company has not sold any Phun.

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Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Total common stock authorized to be issued as of June 30, 2020 was 1,000,000,000 shares, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 43,562,804 and 39,817,917 shares outstanding, inclusive of 1,485 and 6,219 restricted shares subject to repurchase for unvested shares related to early option exercises under the Company’s stock equity plans, respectively.

During 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 11,530,442 shares of common stock related to various cash and cashless (net) exercises of warrants for common stock. Cash exercises for warrants for 617,296 shares of common stock resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $6,184, of which $6,092 was received in cash, $92 was received in digital currencies. Furthermore, there were 13,975,359 warrants exercised under cashless (net) provisions resulting in the issuance of 10,913,146 shares of common stock.

Warrants

The Company has various warrants outstanding. A summary of the Company’s warrant activity is set forth below:

Warrant Type	Cash Exercise Price per share		Warrants Outstanding December 31, 2019	Warrants Exercised		Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020
				Cash	Cashless
Common stock warrant (Series D-1)	$	5.54	14,866	—	—	14,866
Common stock warrants (Series F)	$	9.22	377,402	—	—	377,402
Public Warrants (PHUNW)	$	11.50	1,761,291	—	—	1,761,291
Private Placement Warrants	$	11.50	1,658,381	—	—	1,658,381
Unit Purchase Option Warrants	$	11.50	24,172	—	—	24,172
Total			3,836,112	—	—	3,836,112

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Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

2018 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2018, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants who perform services to the Company, and to promote the success of our business. These incentives are provided through the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares.

The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year, equal to the lesser of: (i) 10% of the post-closing outstanding shares of common stock; (ii) 5% of

the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or (iii) such other amount as our board of directors may determine.

In addition, the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan also will include any shares of common stock subject to stock options, restricted stock units or similar awards granted under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), that, on or after the adoption of the 2018 Plan, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full and shares of common stock issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2009 Plan that are forfeited to or repurchased by us. As of June 30, 2020, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be added to the 2018 Plan pursuant to the foregoing equals 1,254,166.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, restricted stock units were the only stock-based incentives granted under the 2018 Plan. A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity under the 2018 Plan is set forth below:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	2,436,968	$	3.15
Granted	2,335,603	0.98
Released	(1,827,375)	1.70
Forfeited	(298,954)	3.16
Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	2,646,242	$	2.23

Not including the maximum number of shares from the 2009 Plan that may be added to the 2018 Plan noted above, the 2018 Plan had 221,388 and 205,206 shares of common stock reserved for future issuances as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2020, we granted 123,084 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, each with a grant date fair value of $1.25 per share in lieu of cash compensation board fees for services provided. The awards vested immediately. We also granted 125,523 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, with a grant date fair value of $1.25 per share. The awards vest over ten months in four equal installments on March 26, 2020, June 26, 2020, September 18, 2020, and December 25, 2020, respectively, and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 756,000 restricted stock unit awards to team members with an average grant date fair value of $1.25 per share. The awards granted to team members vest over an average of 42 months with various installment and vesting dates, and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 610,000 restricted stock units to a non-employee service provider that were for the satisfaction of legal fees owed. The awards granted to the legal service provider vested immediately and had an average grant date fair value $0.89.

During the second quarter of 2020, we granted 85,996 restricted stock units to non-employee directors, each with a grant date fair value of $0.71 per share in lieu of cash compensation board fees for services provided. The awards vested immediately. We also granted 375,000 restricted stock unit awards to team members with an average grant date fair value of $0.67 per share. The awards granted to team members vest over 4 years with 25% vesting May 18, 2021, then equal quarterly installments thereafter until the final vesting period of May 18, 2024 and are subject to service conditions. We also granted 250,000 restricted stock units to non-employee service provider that were for the satisfaction of legal fees owed. The awards granted to the legal service provider vested immediately and had an average grant date fair value $0.67.

2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Also, in 2018, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2018 ESPP”). The 2018 ESPP will be administered by our board of directors or a committee appointed by the board (the “administrator”). The purpose of the 2018 ESPP is to provide eligible employees with an opportunity to purchase shares of our common stock through accumulated contributions. The 2018 ESPP permits participants to purchase shares of common stock through contributions (generally in the form of payroll deductions) of up to an amount of their eligible compensation determined by the administrator. Subject to certain other limitations or unless otherwise determined by the administrator, a participant may purchase a maximum of 2,000 shares of common stock during a purchase period. The offering periods under the 2018 ESPP will begin on such date as determined by the administrator and expire on the earliest to occur of (a) the completion of the purchase of shares on the last exercise date occurring within 27 months of the applicable enrollment date of the offering period on which the purchase right was granted, or (b) a shorter period established by the administrator prior to an enrollment date for all options to be granted on such enrollment date. Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant are used to purchase shares of common stock on each exercise date. The purchase price of the shares will be determined by the

administrator but in no event will be less than 85% of the lower of the fair market value of common stock on the enrollment date or on the exercise date. Participants may end their participation at any time during an offering period and will be paid their accrued contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares of common stock. Participation ends automatically upon termination of employment with the Company.

The number of shares of common stock that may be made available for sale under the 2018 ESPP also includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning for the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the first enrollment date (if any) occurs equal to the lesser of (i) 3% of the expected post-closing outstanding shares of common stock; (ii) 1.5% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or such other amount as the administrator may determine.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company has not consummated an enrollment or offering period related to the 2018 ESPP. The 2018 ESPP had 272,942 shares of common stock available for sale and reserved for issuance as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

2009 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2009, the Company adopted its 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), which allowed for the granting of incentive and non-statutory stock options, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, to employees, directors, and consultants. The exercise price of the options granted was generally equal to the value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, as determined by the Company’s board of directors. The awards are exercisable and vest, generally over four years, in accordance with each option agreement. The term of each option is no more than ten years from the date of the grant. The 2009 Plan allows for options to be immediately exercisable, subject to the Company’s right of repurchase for unvested shares at the original exercise price. The total amount received in exchange for these shares has been included in accrued expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and is reclassified to equity as the shares vest. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 1,485 and 6,219 shares were unvested amounting to $1 and $3 in accrued expenses, respectively. Effective with the adoption of the 2018 Plan, no additional grants will be made under the 2009 Plan.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2009 Plan and related information is as follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,465,450	$	0.80	6.86	$	771
Granted	—
Exercised	(150,942)	0.57
Forfeited	(61,827)	1.31
Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	1,252,681	$	0.80	6.58	$	700
Exercisable as of June 30, 2020	980,373	$	0.74	6.30	$	570

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $43 and the total fair value of options vested was $64.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation costs that have been included on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all stock-based compensation arrangements are detailed as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Stock-based compensation	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of revenues	$	62	$	24	$	113	$	38
Sales and marketing	22		9		29		(16)
General and administrative	1,039		349		1,638		372
Research and development	(8)		34		(30)		33
Total stock-based compensation	$	1,115	$	416	$	1,750	$	427

The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. As of June 30, 2020, the unamortized fair value of the restricted stock units under the 2018 Plan was approximately $5,018. The weighted-average remaining recognition period over which these costs will be amortized was approximately 2.6 years. Unrecognized stock compensation expense for options granted under the 2009 Plan was $141 as of June 30, 2020.

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Domestic and Foreign Operations	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020
Domestic and Foreign Operations [Abstract]
Domestic and Foreign Operations	Domestic and Foreign OperationsIdentifiable long-lived assets attributed to the United States and international geographies are based upon the country in which the asset is located or owned. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all of the Company’s identifiable long-lived assets were in the United States.

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Related-Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related-Party Transactions

Related-Party Transactions

Accounts Payable

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there is $255 recorded in accounts payable due to Nautilus Energy Management Corporation, an affiliate of a current member and former member of the Company’s board of directors.

Debt

As more fully discussed in Note 6, Debt, the Company entered into a Note and RPBLs (both defined above) with certain related parties.

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through August 14, 2020.

2020 Convertible Notes

On July 15, 2020, the Company issued a Series A Senior Convertible Note (a “Series A Note”) to an institutional investor with an initial principal amount of $4,320 (reflecting an original issue discount of $320) in a private placement. We repaid in full the outstanding principal balance, accrued and unpaid interest and make-whole amount on the Senior Convertible Note issued on March 20, 2020 to the same investor. The cash payment to the noteholder to satisfy the Senior Convertible Note was in the amount $2,084. After the payoff of the Senior Convertible Note and deducting transaction costs, aggregate net cash proceeds to the Company was $1,751.

On the same date, the Company issued a Series B Senior Secured Convertible Note (a “Series B Note,” and together with the Series A Note, the “2020 Convertible Notes”) to the same investor with an initial principal amount of $17,280 (reflecting an original issue discount of $1,280). The investor paid for the Series B Note by delivering a secured promissory note (the “Investor Note”) with an initial principal amount of $16,000.

The Company will receive cash under the Series B Note only upon cash repayment of the corresponding Investor Note. The investor may, at its option and at any time, voluntarily prepay an Investor Note, in whole or in part. In addition, the Investor Note is subject to mandatory prepayment, in whole or in part, upon the occurrence of certain events.

The Investor Note may be satisfied through netting against the Series B Note rather than through the payment of cash. Under the Investor Note, the Company and the investor have certain optional offset rights, which if exercised, would reduce the amount outstanding under the Series B Note and Investor Note.

The Series A Note and outstanding balance on the Series B Note each bear interest at a rate of 7% per annum and includes a make-whole of interest from the date of issuance through the maturity date of December 31, 2021. The unused proceeds of the Series B Note bears interest at a rate of 3% per annum.

Monthly Payments

Starting on July 31, 2020 and on the last trading day of each month thereafter, and on the maturity date, the Company is required to make monthly amortization payments equal to 1/18th of the Series A Note, interest on the 2020 Convertible Notes and make-whole (the "Installment Amount"), which must be satisfied in cash at a redemption price equal to 107% of the Installment Amount.

Redemption

The Company may redeem the 2020 Convertible Notes at a price equal to 107% of the outstanding principal of the 2020 Convertible Notes (or, if greater, the market value of the shares underlying the 2020 Convertible Notes) and accrued and unpaid interest.

Subject to certain limited exceptions, the noteholder will have the right to have us redeem a portion of each 2020 Convertible Note not in excess of 40% of the net proceeds from a qualified capital fund raise at a redemption price of 107% of the portion of the 2020 Convertible Note subject to redemption or, if greater, the market value of the shares underlying the 2020 Convertible Note.

In connection with an Event of Default, the noteholder may require us to redeem in cash any or all of the 2020 Convertible Notes. The redemption price will equal 115% of the outstanding principal of the 2020 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, and accrued and unpaid interest.

In connection with a Change of Control (as defined in the 2020 Convertible Notes), a noteholder may require us to redeem all or any portion of the 2020 Convertible Notes. The redemption price per share will equal the greatest of (i) 115% of the outstanding principal to be redeemed, and accrued and unpaid interest, (ii) 115% of the market value of the shares of our common stock, and (iii) 115% of the aggregate cash consideration that would have been payable in respect of the shares of our common stock underlying the 2020 Convertible Notes.

The Company also may redeem any portion of any Series B Note by offsetting the principal amount thereof against the principal amount of the corresponding Investor Note. Upon any such redemption, the original issue discount under the Series B Note associated with the principal amount thereof being redeemed will be deemed satisfied.

Conversion

The 2020 Convertible Notes are convertible, at the option of the noteholder, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $3.00 per share. The conversion price is subject to full ratchet anti-dilution protection and standard adjustments in the event of any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction.

If an Event of Default has occurred under the 2020 Convertible Notes, the noteholder may elect to alternatively convert the 2020 Convertible Notes at a redemption premium of 115% at an alternate conversion price equal to the lower of (x) the conversion price then in effect and (y) the greater of the Floor Price (as defined in the 2020 Convertible Notes) and 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price in the 10 days prior to the applicable conversion date.

Covenants

We will be subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the incurrence of certain indebtedness, the existence of liens, the repayment of indebtedness, the payment of cash in respect of dividends, distributions or redemptions,

and the transfer of assets, among other matters. We also will be subject to a financial covenant that requires us to maintain available cash in the amount of $500 at the end of each fiscal quarter, subject to a right to cure.

Warrant

In addition to the 2020 Convertible Notes, we issued a warrant (the “Warrant”) exercisable for 3 years for the purchase of an aggregate of up to 2,160,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”), at an exercise price of $4.00 per share to the same investor. The number of Warrant Shares and exercise price are each subject to adjustment provided under the Warrant. If, at the time of exercise of the Warrant, there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the issuance of the Warrant Shares, then the Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, by means of a “cashless exercise.” The Warrant may not be exercised if, after giving effect to the exercise, the investor would beneficially own amounts in excess of those permissible under the terms of the Warrant.

Registration Rights Agreement

The Company is required to file a registration statement covering the resale of the shares underlying the 2020 Convertible Notes and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant within 60 days and to have the registration statement declared effective within 90 days of after the closing of the Purchase Agreement. It also grants the noteholder customary “piggyback” registration rights. If we fail to file the registration statement or have it declared effective by the deadlines above, or if certain other conditions relating to the availability of the registration statement and current public information are not met, we will pay certain Registration Delay Payments to such noteholder (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement).

Participation Rights

In addition, the Company granted the noteholder participation rights in future equity and equity-linked offerings of securities, subject to certain limited exceptions, during the two years after the later of (a) the closing or (b) the date the Investor Note no longer remains outstanding, in an amount of up to 30% of the securities being sold in such offerings.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the Company’s accounts and those of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2019 was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, but these interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, which are referenced herein. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2020 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited financial statements, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2020 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any future interim period.

Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation

Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation

Certain amounts in the financial statements of prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification had no effect on the Company's reported results of operations. A reclassification was made to the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 to identify related parties for debt issuances.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade accounts receivable. Although the Company limits its exposure to credit loss by depositing its cash with established financial institutions that management believes have good credit ratings and represent minimal risk of loss of principal, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable, and the Company believes the carrying value approximates fair value.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Items subject to the use of estimates include, but are not limited to, the standalone selling price for our products and services, stock-based compensation, useful lives of long-lived assets including intangibles, fair value of intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill, reserves and certain accrued liabilities, the benefit period of deferred commissions, fair value of debt component of the convertible note at issuance, the fair value of the convertible note outstanding upon derecognition and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Loss per Common Share

Loss per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Restricted shares subject to repurchase provisions relating to early exercises under the Company's 2009 Equity Incentive Plan were excluded from basic shares outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including those related to the Company's outstanding warrants and stock equity plans, to the extent dilutive. For all periods presented, these shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share of common stock because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for all periods presented.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 simplifies how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step; comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the

reporting unit’s fair value. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). The core principle of ASU 2016-02 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. For operating leases, a lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Under current U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis for all operating leases, taking into account fixed accelerations, as well as reasonably assured renewal periods. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 ("ASU 2019-10"). ASU 2019-10 delayed the effective date of ASU 2016-02 for certain types of businesses, including private companies. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups ("JOBS") Act, the Company has previously elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an Emerging Growth Company ("EGC"), can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. The issuance of ASU 2020-05 further delayed the implementation of this guidance of the Company for one year. Although ASU 2020-05 would defer implementation for the Company by an additional year, the Company believes this guidance would still be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, as it would lose its status as an EGC at the latest on December 31, 2021. Although earlier application is permitted, the Company plans to implement this guidance beginning the first quarter of its fiscal year 2021. The Company currently does not expect the ASU 2016-02 to materially impact our results of operations; although, based upon our current operating leases outstanding, we believe this guidance may have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet. We do not plan on recasting prior periods.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 introduces a model based on expected losses to estimate credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. In addition, for available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. As a Smaller Reporting Company ("SRC") as defined by the SEC, the standard is currently effective for the Company annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We currently intend to adopt ASU No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company currently does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. Should the Company retain its EGC status through the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering, this guidance will be effective for us in our financial statements and consolidated notes thereto for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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The Company and Basis of Presentation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedules of Concentration Risk

The following table sets forth the Company's concentration of revenue sources as a percentage of total net revenues.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Fox Networks Group	—	%	57	%	—	%	59	%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC	36	%	—	%	33	%	—	%
Houston Methodist	13	%	8	%	12	%	11	%
World Wide Technology, Inc.	11	%	4	%	10	%	4	%

The Company completed its contractual obligations under its statement of work with Fox Networks Group ("Fox") as of September 30, 2019. While the underlying master services agreement with Fox (setting forth general terms and conditions) remains in place, the Company does not have any active statements of work with Fox.

The following table sets forth the Company's concentration of accounts receivable, net of specific allowances for doubtful accounts.

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Houston Methodist	22	%	—	%
Wynn Las Vegas, LLC	12	%	—	%
Carrier Corporation (UTC)	11	%	—	%
HID Global (through Bluvision Inc.)	—	%	23	%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC	—	%	15	%
Presidio Networked Solutions LLC	—	%	11	%
MD Anderson	—	%	10	%

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Revenue (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table sets forth the Company's net revenues:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net Revenues
Platform subscriptions and services	$	2,023	$	5,092	$	4,414	$	9,913
Application transaction	$	190	418		439		912
Net revenues	$	2,213	$	5,510	$	4,853	$	10,825

Deferred Revenue

The Company’s deferred revenue balance consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current deferred revenue
Platform subscriptions and services revenue	$	2,880	$	3,278
Application transaction revenue	100		82
Total current deferred revenue	$	2,980	$	3,360
Non-current deferred revenue
Platform subscriptions and services revenue	$	2,876	$	3,764
Total non-current deferred revenue	$	2,876	$	3,764
Total deferred revenue	$	5,856	$	7,124

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash

The following table sets forth the Company's cash and restricted cash as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Cash and restricted cash	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash	$	154	$	276
Restricted cash	91		86
Total cash and restricted cash	$	245	$	362

Restricted Cash

The following table sets forth the Company's cash and restricted cash as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Cash and restricted cash	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash	$	154	$	276
Restricted cash	91		86
Total cash and restricted cash	$	245	$	362

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Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Debt Obligations

A summary of the Company's various debt obligations is set forth below:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Paycheck Protection Program Loan	$	2,850	$	—
Senior convertible note	1,258		—
Convertible notes	250		250
Promissory notes	905		855
Related-party bridge loans	360		—
Note payable	75		—
Total debt	$	5,698	$	1,105
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	$	(1,333)	$	—
Less: related-party debt	$	(555)	$	(195)
Long-term debt	$	3,810	$	910

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases

Future minimum annual lease payments as of June 30, 2020 under the Company’s operating leases are set forth as follows:

Future minimum lease obligations years ending December 31,	Lease Obligations
2020 (Remainder)	$	411
2021	858
2022	725
2023	622
2024	609
Thereafter	209
Total	$	3,434

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]

Summary of Warrant Activity by Warrant Type

A summary of the Company’s warrant activity is set forth below:

Warrant Type	Cash Exercise Price per share		Warrants Outstanding December 31, 2019	Warrants Exercised		Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020
				Cash	Cashless
Common stock warrant (Series D-1)	$	5.54	14,866	—	—	14,866
Common stock warrants (Series F)	$	9.22	377,402	—	—	377,402
Public Warrants (PHUNW)	$	11.50	1,761,291	—	—	1,761,291
Private Placement Warrants	$	11.50	1,658,381	—	—	1,658,381
Unit Purchase Option Warrants	$	11.50	24,172	—	—	24,172
Total			3,836,112	—	—	3,836,112

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Restricted Stock Unit Activity

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity under the 2018 Plan is set forth below:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	2,436,968	$	3.15
Granted	2,335,603	0.98
Released	(1,827,375)	1.70
Forfeited	(298,954)	3.16
Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	2,646,242	$	2.23

Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2009 Plan and related information is as follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,465,450	$	0.80	6.86	$	771
Granted	—
Exercised	(150,942)	0.57
Forfeited	(61,827)	1.31
Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	1,252,681	$	0.80	6.58	$	700
Exercisable as of June 30, 2020	980,373	$	0.74	6.30	$	570

Condensed Income Statement

Compensation costs that have been included on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all stock-based compensation arrangements are detailed as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Stock-based compensation	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of revenues	$	62	$	24	$	113	$	38
Sales and marketing	22		9		29		(16)
General and administrative	1,039		349		1,638		372
Research and development	(8)		34		(30)		33
Total stock-based compensation	$	1,115	$	416	$	1,750	$	427

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The Company and Basis of Presentation - Concentration Risk (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Fox Networks Group | Sales Revenue, Net
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	0.00%	57.00%	0.00%	59.00%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC | Sales Revenue, Net
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	36.00%	0.00%	33.00%	0.00%
American Made Media Consultants, LLC | Accounts Receivable
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			0.00%		15.00%
Houston Methodist | Sales Revenue, Net
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	13.00%	8.00%	12.00%	11.00%
Houston Methodist | Accounts Receivable
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			22.00%		0.00%
World Wide Technology, Inc. | Sales Revenue, Net
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	11.00%	4.00%	10.00%	4.00%
Wynn Las Vegas, LLC | Accounts Receivable
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			12.00%		0.00%
Carrier Corporation (UTC) | Accounts Receivable
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			11.00%		0.00%
HID Global (through Bluvision Inc.) | Accounts Receivable
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			0.00%		23.00%
Presidio Networked Solutions LLC | Accounts Receivable
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			0.00%		11.00%
MD Anderson | Accounts Receivable
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			0.00%		10.00%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Restricted shares subject to repurchase for unvested shares related to early option exercises under stock equity plans (in shares)		1,485	6,219	25,230
Senior convertible note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.00%
Principal amount of note	$ 3,000,000
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs	$ 2,371,000

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Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue recognized			$ 2,554
Remaining performance obligation	$ 9,856		$ 9,856
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-07-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Percent of revenue expected to be recognized over next 12 months	47.00%		47.00%
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing	12 months		12 months
UNITED STATES
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Derived over net revenues percentage	99.00%	99.00%	94.00%	99.00%
Non-US
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Derived over net revenues percentage	1.00%	1.00%	6.00%	1.00%

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Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 2,213	$ 5,510	$ 4,853	$ 10,825
Platform subscriptions and services revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	2,023	5,092	4,414	9,913
Application transaction revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 190	$ 418	$ 439	$ 912

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Revenue - Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Product Information [Line Items]
Total current deferred revenue	$ 2,980	$ 3,360
Non-current deferred revenue	2,876	3,764
Total deferred revenue	5,856	7,124
Platform subscriptions and services revenue
Product Information [Line Items]
Total current deferred revenue	2,880	3,278
Non-current deferred revenue	2,876	3,764
Application transaction revenue
Product Information [Line Items]
Total current deferred revenue	$ 100	$ 82

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash equivalents, at carrying value	$ 0	$ 0
Restricted cash	$ 91,000	$ 86,000

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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash - Cash and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash	$ 154	$ 276
Restricted cash	91	86
Total cash and restricted cash	$ 245	$ 362	$ 248	$ 6,344

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Factoring Agreement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 15, 2016
Factoring Agreement [Line Items]
Advances, maximum percentage amount of eligible accounts receivable						80.00%
Factor expense	$ 44	$ 146	$ 97	$ 332
Factored receivables payable	363		363		$ 1,077
Future advances	$ 2,637		$ 2,637		$ 1,923
First 30 Days
Factoring Agreement [Line Items]
Fees paid for factored receivables, percentage						1.80%
Every Ten Days Thereafter
Factoring Agreement [Line Items]
Fees paid for factored receivables, percentage						0.65%

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Debt - Summary of Debt Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 5,698	$ 1,105
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(1,333)	0
Less: related-party debt	(555)	(195)
Long-term debt	3,810	910
Paycheck Protection Program Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	2,850	0
Senior convertible note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	1,258	0
Convertible notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	250	250
Promissory notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	905	855
Related-party bridge loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	360	0
Note payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 75	$ 0

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Debt (Details)			1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Apr. 10, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 20, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) day $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 15, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 09, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt						$ 5,698,000			$ 5,698,000				$ 1,105,000
Amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs									227,000	$ 0
Interest expense						$ 460,000		$ 151,000	$ 561,000	$ 339,000
Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock related to conversion of Senior Convertible Note (in shares) | shares						1,764,000			1,763,675
Cane Capital, LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of note													195,000
Contributions for Notes Payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction							$ 560,000
Related party transaction, rate (as a percent)							10.00%
Contributions for Notes Payable | Cane Capital, LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction							$ 204,000
Contributions for Notes Payable | Curo Capital Appreciation Fund, LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction							151,000
Contributions for Notes Payable | Individuals Associated With Chief Executive Officer
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction							155,000
Contributions for Notes Payable | Chief Technology Officer
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction							$ 50,000
Notes Payable to Banks
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan proceeds	$ 2,850,000
Interest rate (as a percent)												0.98%
Senior convertible note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)			7.00%				7.00%
Principal amount of note			$ 3,000,000				$ 3,000,000
Cash purchase price			2,760,000
Original issue discount			240,000				$ 240,000
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs			$ 2,371,000
Long-term debt						$ 1,258,000			$ 1,258,000				0
Interest expense									378,000
Amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs									185,000
Principal repayment						$ 143,000			$ 143,000
Percent of installment amount						100.00%			100.00%
Percent of installment at election of company						105.00%			105.00%
Installment conversion, lowest volume weighted average price (as a percent)						85.00%			85.00%
Minimum available cash required at end of each fiscal quarter						$ 200,000			$ 200,000
Senior convertible note | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Subsequent placement optional redemption, redemption price (as a percent)											110.00%
Convertible notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)						7.00%			7.00%
Cash purchase price		$ 1,751,000
Long-term debt						$ 250,000			$ 250,000				250,000
Value of notes					$ 20,000,000				$ 20,000,000
Conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares						$ 11.50			$ 11.50
Debt instrument, convertible, stock price trigger (in dollars per share) | $ / shares									$ 17.25
Consecutive trading days | day									30
Maximum number of shares convertible (in shares) | shares									2,347,826
Convertible notes | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)											7.00%
Installment conversion, lowest volume weighted average price (as a percent)											85.00%
Minimum available cash required at end of each fiscal quarter											$ 500,000
Subsequent placement optional redemption, redemption price (as a percent)											107.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares											$ 3.00
Promissory notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)						10.00%			10.00%
Long-term debt						$ 905,000			$ 905,000				$ 855,000
Value of notes				$ 20,000,000
Debt instrument, debt default (as a percent)						12.00%			12.00%
Interest expense						$ 24,000			$ 45,000
Minimum | Convertible notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Threshold trading days | day									20
Maximum | Convertible notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Value of notes									$ 20,000,000
Maximum | Promissory notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Value of notes									$ 20,000,000

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands						3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 13, 2020	Mar. 09, 2020	Dec. 17, 2019	Jul. 12, 2019	Sep. 26, 2017	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Obligation with Joint and Several Liability Arrangement [Line Items]
Rent expense under operating leases						$ 213	$ 166	$ 424	$ 331
Phunware, Inc v Uber Technologies, Inc.
Obligation with Joint and Several Liability Arrangement [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, value, issued for services					$ 3,000
Pending Litigation | Uber's First Amended Cross-Complaint
Obligation with Joint and Several Liability Arrangement [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, value, issued for services				$ 17,000
Pending Litigation | Plaintiffs v. The Company
Obligation with Joint and Several Liability Arrangement [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, value, issued for services			$ 1,000
Loss contingency, shares lock-up, period			180 days
Pending Litigation | Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP v. Stellar Acquisition III, Corp
Obligation with Joint and Several Liability Arrangement [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, value, issued for services		$ 690
Accounts payable and accrued expenses related to alleged unpaid invoices						$ 690		$ 690		$ 690
Judicial Ruling | Uber's First Amended Cross-Complaint
Obligation with Joint and Several Liability Arrangement [Line Items]
Loss contingency, damages awarded	$ 78

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Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2020 (Remainder)	$ 411
2021	858
2022	725
2023	622
2024	609
Thereafter	209
Total	$ 3,434

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PhunCoin & PhunToken (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
PhunCoin [Line Items]
Aggregate of receivable amount	$ 1,207
PhunCoin deposits
PhunCoin [Line Items]
Aggregate of receivable amount	$ 577,900

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)		1,000,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	39,817,917	43,562,804
Restricted shares subject to repurchase for unvested shares related to early option exercises under stock equity plans (in shares)	6,219	1,485	25,230
Cash exercises for warrants (in shares)	617,296
Aggregate gross proceeds	$ 6,184
Stock issued, warrants exercised (in shares)	10,913,146
Cash
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds	$ 6,092
Digital Currencies
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds	$ 92
Cash and Cashless Exercises
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate shares issued (in shares)	11,530,442
Cashless Exercises
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares)	13,975,359

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Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Class of Warrant or Right [Roll Forward]
Warrants/UPO's Outstanding December 31, 2019	3,836,112	3,836,112
Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020	3,836,112	3,836,112
Employee Stock Option
Class of Warrant or Right [Roll Forward]
Warrants/UPO's Outstanding December 31, 2019	24,172
Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020	24,172
Common stock warrant (Series D-1)
Class of Warrant or Right [Roll Forward]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 5.54
Warrants/UPO's Outstanding December 31, 2019	14,866	14,866
Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020	14,866	14,866
Common stock warrants (Series F)
Class of Warrant or Right [Roll Forward]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 9.22
Warrants/UPO's Outstanding December 31, 2019	377,402	377,402
Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020	377,402	377,402
Public Warrants (PHUNW)
Class of Warrant or Right [Roll Forward]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 11.50
Warrants/UPO's Outstanding December 31, 2019	1,761,291	1,761,291
Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020	1,761,291	1,761,291
Private Placement Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Roll Forward]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 11.50
Warrants/UPO's Outstanding December 31, 2019	1,658,381	1,658,381
Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020	1,658,381	1,658,381
Unit Purchase Option Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Roll Forward]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 11.50
Warrants/UPO's Outstanding December 31, 2019		24,172
Warrants Outstanding June 30, 2020		24,172

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Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised			$ 43
Fair value of options vested			$ 64
2018 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock shares (in shares)			1,254,166
Common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)	221,388		221,388	205,206
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)	272,942		272,942	272,942
Expiration period			27 months
ESPP, purchase price percentage			85.00%
2009 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period of award			4 years
Expiration period			10 years
Unvested shares (in shares)	1,485		1,485	6,219
Accrued expenses	$ 1		$ 1	$ 3
Unamortized fair value of restricted stock units	5,018		$ 5,018
Weighed-average period of costs amortized			2 years 7 months 6 days
Unrecognized stock compensation expense	$ 141		$ 141
Selling and Marketing Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Maximum number of shares participant may purchase			2,000
Employee Stock | 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual percentage increase	3.00%		3.00%
Percent of shares outstanding on last day	1.50%		1.50%
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - Non-Employee Directors | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock unit awards granted (in shares)	85,996	123,084
Restricted stock units awards grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.71		$ 0.71
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - Non-Employee Directors | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock unit awards granted (in shares)	375,000	125,523
Restricted stock units awards grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.67		0.67
Vesting percentage of award (as a percent)	25.00%
Vesting period of award	4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - Team Members
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock unit awards granted (in shares)		756,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - Team Members | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock units awards grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 1.25
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - Team Members | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock units awards grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 1.25
Vesting period of award		10 months
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - Non-Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock unit awards granted (in shares)	250,000	610,000
Restricted stock units awards grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.67	$ 0.89	$ 0.67
Vesting period of award		42 months
Post-Closing Outstanding Shares | Employee Stock | 2018 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual percentage increase	10.00%		10.00%
Outstanding Shares on Last Day of Immediately Preceding Year | Employee Stock | 2018 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual percentage increase	5.00%		5.00%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Shares
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	2,436,968
Granted (in shares) | shares	2,335,603
Released (in shares) | shares	(1,827,375)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(298,954)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares) | shares	2,646,242
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.15
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0.98
Released (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	1.70
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.16
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.23

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - Employee Stock Option - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Number of shares, beginning outstanding (in shares)	1,465,450
Number of shares, exercised	(150,942)
Number of shares, forfeited	(61,827)
Number of shares, ending outstanding (in shares)	1,252,681	1,465,450
Number of shares, exercisable (in shares)	980,373
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Weighted average exercise price, beginning outstanding (in dollars per share)	$ 0.80
Weighted average exercise price, released (in dollars per share)	0.57
Weighted average exercise price, forfeited (in dollars per share)	1.31
Weighted average exercise price, ending outstanding (in dollars per share)	0.80	$ 0.80
Weighted average exercise price, exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 0.74
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual term	6 years 6 months 29 days	6 years 10 months 9 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, exercisable (in years)	6 years 3 months 18 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]
Aggregate intrinsic value	$ 700	$ 771
Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable	$ 570

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Stock-Based Compensation - Condensed Income Statement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 1,115	$ 416	$ 1,750	$ 427
Cost of revenues
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	62	24	113	38
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	22	9	29	(16)
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	1,039	349	1,638	372
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ (8)	$ 34	$ (30)	$ 33

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Related-Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Recapitalization costs	$ 255	$ 255

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)	Jul. 15, 2020	Mar. 20, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)			3,836,112	3,836,112
Convertible notes
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		$ 2,084,000
Proceeds from issuance of debt		$ 1,751,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			7.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share)			$ 11.50
Subsequent Event | Warrant
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrant, term	3 years
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)	2,160,000
Period to file registration statement	60 days
Period for registration statement to be declared effective	90 days
Subsequent Event | Common Stock | Warrant
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 4.00
Subsequent Event | Convertible notes
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.00%
Interest rate, restricted principal (as a percent)	3.00%
Monthly amortization payments (as a percent)	5.56%
Installment conversion, redemption price (as a percent)	107.00%
Redemption price (as a percent)	107.00%
Subsequent placement optional redemption, maximum net proceeds from placement (as a percent)	40.00%
Subsequent placement optional redemption, redemption price (as a percent)	107.00%
Debt default, redemption price (as a percent)	115.00%
Redemption price of outstanding principal (as a percent)	115.00%
Redemption price of market value of shares of common stock (as a percent)	115.00%
Redemption price of aggregate cash consideration payable (as a percent)	115.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.00
Installment conversion, lowest volume weighted average price (as a percent)	85.00%
Minimum available cash required at end of each fiscal quarter	$ 500,000
Maximum amount of securities sold in equity offerings (as a percent)	30.00%
Subsequent Event | Convertible notes | Series A Note
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount of note	$ 4,320,000
Original issue discount	320,000
Subsequent Event | Convertible notes | Series B Note
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount of note	17,280,000
Original issue discount	1,280,000
Subsequent Event | Secured Debt | Investor Note
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount of note	$ 16,000,000

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Label	Element	Value
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	$ 1,087,000
Retained Earnings [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	$ 1,087,000