<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0609</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2026-06-09</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001622229</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Cogent Biosciences, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>COGT</issuerTradingSymbol>
        <issuerForeignTradingSymbol></issuerForeignTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001663607</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Harwin Peter Evan</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerNonUSAddressFlag>false</rptOwnerNonUSAddressFlag>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O COGENT BIOSCIENCES, INC.</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>180 THIRD AVENUE, 4TH FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>WALTHAM</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02451</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>true</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>false</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>false</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>false</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <aff10b5One>false</aff10b5One>

    <derivativeTable>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Option (Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>31.98</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2026-06-09</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>false</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>17901</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2036-06-09</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>17901</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>17901</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">This stock option shall vest in full upon the earlier of the first anniversary of the date of grant or the date of the 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service to the Issuer through such date.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Under the Reporting Person's arrangement with Fairmount Funds Management LLC (the &quot;Adviser&quot;), the Reporting Person holds the option for one or more investment vehicles managed by the Adviser (each, a &quot;Fairmount Fund&quot;). The Reporting Person is obligated to turn over to the Adviser any net cash or stock received from the option for the benefit of such Fairmount Fund. The Reporting Person therefore disclaims beneficial ownership of the option and underlying common stock.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Evan D. Kearns, Attorney-in-Fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2026-06-11</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
