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Nature of Business and Presentation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Nature of Business and Presentation

1. Nature of Business and Presentation

Lonestar Resources US Inc. (the “Successor”) was incorporated in Delaware in December 2015 for purposes of effecting our corporate reorganization, which was completed on July 5, 2016 (the “Reorganization”), pursuant to a Scheme Implementation Agreement (the “Scheme”), dated December 28, 2015, between the Successor and Lonestar Resources Limited (the “Predecessor”), an Australian company. Prior to the Reorganization, our business was owned and operated under our Predecessor, whose ordinary shares were listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX”). Pursuant to the Scheme, the Successor acquired all of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of our Predecessor, and each of our Predecessor’s shareholders received one share of our Class A voting common stock (“Class A common stock”) for every two ordinary shares of our Predecessor such shareholder held. Prior to the Reorganization, the Successor had no business or operations, and following the Reorganization, the business and the operations of the Successor consist solely of the business and operations of the subsidiaries of the Predecessor.  The reorganization was treated as a transaction among parties under common control and no gain or loss was recorded.  

Lonestar Resources America, Inc. (“LRAI”) is a Delaware registered U.S. holding company formed on January 31, 2013, which is engaged in the exploration, development, production, acquisition, and sale of oil, natural gas liquid (“NGL”) and natural gas primarily in the Eagle Ford Shale play in South Texas through its wholly owned subsidiary, Lonestar Resources, Inc. Its executive offices are located in Fort Worth, Texas. LRAI was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Predecessor, prior to the Reorganization.  The majority of the activities of the Predecessor was carried out through LRAI. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Lonestar,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “the Company” refer to (i) Lonestar Resources Limited and its subsidiaries prior to the Reorganization and (ii) Lonestar Resources US Inc. and its subsidiaries upon completion of the Reorganization, as applicable.

Principles of Reporting and Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of Lonestar and entities in which we hold a controlling financial interest.  Undivided interests in oil and gas joint ventures are consolidated on a proportionate basis.  All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make informed judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Management evaluates its estimates and related assumptions regularly, including those related to proved reserves, the value of properties and equipment, AROs, income taxes, and fair values. Changes in facts and circumstances or additional information may result in revised estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation, with no effect on the previously reported results of operations.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Concentrations and Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with reputable financial institutions. At times, the balances deposited may exceed amounts covered by insurance provided by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Company has not incurred any losses related to amounts in excess of FDIC limits.

Substantially all of the Company’s accounts receivable are due from either purchasers of oil, NGL and natural gas or working interest partners in oil and natural gas wells for which a subsidiary of the Company serves as the operator. Generally, operators of oil and natural gas properties have the right to offset future revenues against unpaid charges related to operated wells. The Company’s receivables are generally unsecured.

Oil, NGL and natural gas revenues from Vitol Inc., Shell Trading (US) Company, Texla Energy Management, Inc., Trafigura AG, and NGL Crude Logistics LLC for the year ended December 31, 2017, represented 35%, 20%, 16%, 14%, and 10%, respectively, of total revenues.  Oil, NGL and natural gas revenues from Shell Trading (US) Company, Texla Energy Management, Inc., Trafigura AG, and BP Products North America LLC for the year ended December 31, 2016, represented 40%, 21%, 18% and 10%, respectively, of total revenues. Accounts receivable relating to oil, NGL and natural gas sales from Vitol Inc., Shell Trading (US) Company, and NGL Crude Logistics LLC represented 59%, 19% and 17%, respectively, of total receivables at December 31, 2017. Accounts receivable relating to oil, NGL and natural gas sales from Shell Trading, Trafigura AG and Texla Energy Management, Inc. represented 49%, 30% and 13%, respectively, of total receivables at December 31, 2016. 

Oil and Natural Gas Properties

The Company uses the successful efforts method of accounting to account for its oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, costs of acquiring properties, costs of drilling successful exploration wells, and development costs are capitalized. The costs of exploratory wells are initially capitalized pending a determination of whether proved reserves have been found. At the completion of drilling activities, the costs of exploratory wells remain capitalized if a determination is made that proved reserves have been found. If no proved reserves have been found, the costs of each of the related exploratory wells are charged to expense. In some cases, a determination of proved reserves cannot be made at the completion of drilling, requiring additional testing and evaluation of the wells. The Company’s policy is to expense the costs of such exploratory wells if a determination of proved reserves has not been made within a 12-month period after drilling is complete.  As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any capitalized exploratory well costs that were pending determination of proved reserves. All costs related to development wells, including related production equipment and lease acquisition costs, are capitalized when incurred, whether productive or nonproductive.

Capitalized costs attributed to the proved properties are subject to depreciation and depletion. Depreciation and depletion of the cost of oil and gas properties is calculated using the units-of-production method aggregating properties on a field basis. For leasehold acquisition costs and the cost to acquire proved properties, the reserve base used to calculate depreciation and depletion is the sum of proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves. For development costs, the reserve base used to calculate depletion and depreciation is proved developed reserves only.

Unproved properties consist of costs incurred to acquire unproved leases. Unproved lease acquisition costs are capitalized until the leases expire or when the Company specifically identifies leases that will revert to the lessor, at which time the Company expenses the associated unproved lease acquisition costs. The expensing of the unproved lease acquisition costs is recorded as an impairment of oil and gas properties in the consolidated statement of operations, as applicable. Unproved oil and gas property costs are transferred to proven oil and gas properties if the properties are subsequently determined to be productive or are assigned proved reserves. Unproved oil and gas properties are assessed periodically for impairment based on remaining lease terms, drilling results, reservoir performance, future plans to develop acreage, and other relevant factors.

On the sale or retirement of a complete or partial unit of a proved property, the cost and related accumulated depreciation, depletion, and amortization are eliminated from the property accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized.

Other Property and Equipment

Other property and equipment, consisting primarily of office, transportation and computer equipment, as well as our new corporate headquarters, is carried at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 3 to 5 years, with the exception of our corporate headquarters, which is 30 years. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Upon sale or abandonment, the cost of the equipment and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The carrying value of the oil and gas properties and other related property and equipment is periodically evaluated under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment. ASC 360 requires long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles to be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When it is determined that the estimated future net cash flows of an asset will not be sufficient to recover its carrying amount, an impairment loss must be recorded to reduce the carrying amount to its estimated fair value. Judgments and assumptions are inherent in management’s estimate of undiscounted future cash flows and an asset’s fair value. These judgments and assumptions include such matters as the estimation of oil and gas reserve quantities, risks associated with the different categories of oil and gas reserves, the timing of development and production, expected future commodity prices, capital expenditures, production costs, and appropriate discount rates.

Under ASC 360, the Company evaluates impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties on an area basis. On this basis, certain fields may be impaired because they are not expected to recover their entire carrying value from future net cash flows. As a result of this evaluation, the Company recorded impairment of unproved oil and gas properties of approximately $28.6 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and impairment of proven oil and gas properties of $4.8 million and $30.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  If pricing declines, it is reasonably likely that the Company may have to record impairment of its oil and gas properties subsequent to December 31, 2017.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company accounts for asset retirement obligations under ASC 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations. ASC 410 requires legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets to be recognized at their fair value at the time that the obligations are incurred. Oil and gas producing companies incur such a liability upon acquiring or drilling a well. Under ASC 410, an asset retirement obligation is recorded as a liability at its estimated present value at the asset’s inception, with an offsetting increase to producing properties in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, which is allocated to expense over the useful life of the asset. Periodic accretion of the discount on asset retirement obligations is recorded as an expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. See Note 7, Asset Retirement Obligations, for more information.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned.  Revenues are considered realized or realizable and earned when: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company follows the sales method of accounting for natural gas revenue, whereby revenue is recorded based on the Company’s share of volume sold, regardless of whether the Company has taken its proportional share of volume produced. A receivable or liability is recognized only to the extent that the Company has an imbalance on a specific property greater than the expected remaining proved reserves. There were no imbalances at December 31, 2017 or 2016.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In accordance with the reporting requirements of ASC 825, Financial Instruments, the Company calculates the fair value of its assets and liabilities that qualify as financial instruments under this guidance and includes this additional information in the notes to consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different from the carrying value of those financial instruments. See Note 5, Fair Value Measurements, for more information.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

 

The Company periodically evaluates the realizable tax benefits of deferred tax assets and records a valuation allowance, if required, based on an estimate of the amount of deferred tax assets the Company believes does not meet the more likely than not criteria of being realized.  In certain circumstances, the deferred tax asset may exceed the amount permissible to be used under the tax law, for example, a net operating loss carryforward.  In such cases it is appropriate to write-off the excess net operating loss. At December 31, 2016, the Company wrote off $141.7 million of its net operating loss carryforward.  See Note 10, Income Taxes, for more information.  

The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions, which requires significant judgments and estimates regarding the recoverability of deferred tax assets, the likelihood of the outcome of examinations of tax positions that may or may not be currently under review, and potential scenarios involving settlements of such matters. Changes in these estimates could materially impact the consolidated financial statements. No liability for material uncertain tax positions existed as of December 31, 2017 or 2016.

Share-Based Payments

The Company accounts for equity-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires companies to recognize in the statement of operations all share-based payments granted to employees based on their fair value. Share-based compensation is recognized by the Company on the graded vesting method over the requisite service period, which approximates the option vesting period of three years.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Business Combinations.  In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”) in order to clarify the definition of a business as it relates to whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.  Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2017-01, which will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Leases.  In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which will require organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted.   Entities must adopt the standard using a modified retrospective transition and apply the guidance to the earliest comparative period presented, with certain practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. Management is currently assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

 

Revenue Recognition.  In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”).  The objective of ASU 2014-09 is greater consistency and comparability across industries by using a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts.  Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018.  We have reviewed various contracts that represent our material revenue streams and determined that there was no material impact to our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.  Upon adoption of this ASU, we were not required to record a cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings.  The Company continues to review its implementation documentation and its evaluation of the new disclosure requirements is ongoing.