Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America.

a. Use of estimates:

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company’s management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

b. Financial statements in U.S. dollars:

The costs of the Company are denominated in United States dollars (“dollars”). Some of the costs in our Israeli subsidiary are incurred in New Israeli Shekels (NIS), however the selling prices will be linked to the Company’s price list which will be determined in dollars, the budget is managed in dollars, financing activities including loans and cash investments, are made in U.S. dollars and the Company’s management believes that the dollar is the primary currency of the economic environment in which the Company and its subsidiary operates. Thus, the dollar is the Company’s and its subsidiary functional and reporting currency.

Accordingly, transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are re-measured to the functional currency in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 830, “Foreign Currency Matters” at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction or the average exchange rate in the relevant reporting period. At the end of each reporting period, financial assets and liabilities are re-measured to the functional currency using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-financial assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses related to re-measurement are recorded as financial income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations as appropriate.

c. Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

d. Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less, at the date acquired.

Restricted cash as of December 31, 2021 in respect of the Company’s credit card and manufacturing commitments.

e. Property and equipment:

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, at the following annual rates:

	%
Computers, Software and peripheral equipment		33	%
Mold & production Equipment		10	%
Office furniture and equipment		10	%

f. Impairment of long-lived assets:

The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC No. 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment” whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets (or asset group) to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, no impairment losses have been recorded.

g. Leases:

In February 2016, the FASB established Topic 842, Leases, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02. The guidance establishes a right-of-use model ("ROU") that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. The Group determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception.

The Group is a lessee in an operating lease for a research facility. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Group’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As our lease does not provide an implicit rate, the Company generally uses the incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Group monitors for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of one of its leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in statement of comprehensive loss.

h. Concentration of credit risks:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and restricted bank deposit. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted bank deposit are invested in major banks in Israel and the United States. Such funds in the Israel may be in excess of insured limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company and its subsidiary’ cash and cash equivalents have high credit ratings.

The Company, have no off-balance-sheet concentration of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.

i. Research and development expenses:

Research and development costs are charged to the consolidated statement of operations as incurred.

j. Royalty-bearing grants:

Royalty-bearing grants from the Israeli Innovation Authority (the “IIA”) for funding approved research and development projects are recognized at the time Saffron Tech is entitled to such grants (i.e. at the time that there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to the grant and that there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received), on the basis of the costs incurred and reduce research and development costs. The cumulative research and development grants received by the Company from inception through December 2021 amounted to $268.

As of December 31, 2021 the Company did not accrue for or pay any royalties to the IIA since no revenues were recognized in respect of the funded projects.

k. Liability for employee rights upon retirement pay:

Saffron Tech’s liability for severance pay is pursuant to Section 14 of the Severance Compensation Act, 1963 (“Section 14”), pursuant to which all the Company’s employees are included under Section 14, and are entitled only to monthly deposits. Under Israeli employment law, payments in accordance with Section 14 release the Company from any future severance payments in respect of those employees. The fund is made available to the employee at the time the employer-employee relationship is terminated, regardless of cause of termination. The severance pay liabilities and deposits under Section 14 are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as the severance pay risks have been irrevocably transferred to the severance funds.

l. Fair value of financial instruments:

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the inputs as follows:

Level 1 —	Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access.
Level 2 —	Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 —	Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, short term deposits, trade receivables, trade payables and short-term loan approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments.

The Company elected to measure some of the convertible loans under the fair value option (see note 4). Under the fair value option, the convertible loans will be measured at fair value in each reporting period until they will be converted, with changes in the fair values being recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as financial income or expense. The proceeds received for the issuance of the convertible loans were allocated at fair value conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

	Balance as of December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Fair Value of convertible component in convertible loan, net of discounts and debt issue costs	$	-	$	-	$	222	$	222
Total liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	222	$	222

	Balance as of December 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Fair Value of convertible component in convertible loan, net of discounts and debt issue costs	$	-	$	-	$	1,112	$	1,112
Total liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	1,112	$	1,112

m. Income Tax:

The Company account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” which prescribes the use of the liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value if it not is more likely than not that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Based on ASC 740, a two-step approach is used to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes.

The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, no liability for unrecognized tax positions has been recorded. Accordingly, no interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded, either. It is the Company’s policy that any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions would be reflected in income tax expense.

n. Basic and diluted net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of Ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of Ordinary shares, to the extent dilutive, all in accordance with ASC No. 260, “Earning Per Share”.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, all outstanding shares warrants have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share as all such securities are anti-dilutive for all years presented.

o. Contingencies:

The Company records accruals for loss contingencies arising from claims, litigation and other sources when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

p. Stock-based payments:

The Company measures and recognizes the compensation expense for all equity-based payments to employees based on their estimated fair values in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. Share-based payments including grants of stock options are recognized in the statement of comprehensive loss as an operating expense based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company has expensed compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, applying the accelerated vesting method, over the requisite service period or over the implicit service period when a performance condition affects the vesting, and it is considered probable that the performance condition will be achieved.

Share-based payments awarded to consultants (non-employees) are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 505-50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees”.

For the years ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $1,318, and $171 in share-based compensation, respectively.

q. Recent accounting pronouncements:

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 replaces the current incurred loss model guidance with a new method that reflects expected credit losses. Under this guidance, an entity would recognize an allowance for credit losses equal to its estimate of expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. In November 2019, the FASB extended the effective date of ASU 2016-13 for smaller reporting companies. As a result, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Convertible instruments

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470-20, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” (“ASC 470-20”) for convertible instruments. Under ASU 2020-06, the embedded conversion features no longer are separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. For smaller reporting companies, ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this update on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Business Combination

On October 28, 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, which amends ASC 805 to “require acquiring entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination.” Under current GAAP, an acquirer generally recognizes such items at fair value on the acquisition date. According to the FASB, this Update is intended “to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to the following:

● Recognition of an acquired contract liability

● Payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer.

ASU 2021-08 06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently assessing the impact of this update on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Warrants

In May 2021, the Financial Accountings Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-04, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options” (“ASU 2021-04”). The guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard

r. New Accounting Pronouncements:

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in this ASU simplify the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to improve consistent application among reporting entities. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, though early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging Contracts in Entity s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity s Own Equity. ASU 2020-06 will simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. Limiting the accounting models results in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract as compared with current GAAP. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with embedded conversion features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, that meet the definition of a derivative, and that do not qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting and(2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in capital. ASU 2020-06 also amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions. ASU 2020-06 will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2020-06 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.

Other new pronouncements issued but not effective as of December 31, 2021, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.