Stockholders’ Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

On August 30, 2024, following stockholder approval, we announced that we had filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate to effect a Reverse Stock Split of the Company’s common stock in the ratio of 1-for-20, effective as of 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on September 4, 2024. Accordingly, each holder of common stock owned fewer shares of common stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. However, the Reverse Stock Split affected all holders of common stock uniformly and did not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership interest in the Company, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split resulted in an adjustment to a stockholder’s ownership of Common Stock due to the treatment of fractional shares in the Reverse Stock Split. Therefore, voting rights and other rights and preferences of the holders of common stock were not affected by the Reverse Stock Split (other than as a result of the treatment of fractional shares). Common stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split remained fully paid and nonassessable, without any change in the par value per share.

No fractional shares were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, each stockholder received a cash payment equal to the fraction of which such stockholder was otherwise entitled multiplied by the closing price per share of Class A common stock on the date of the Effective Time as reported by Nasdaq (as adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split). The common stock began trading on a Reverse Stock Split-adjusted basis on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on September 5, 2024. All share and per share data in the accompanying financial statements and accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Reverse Stock Split.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we were authorized to issue 2,220,000,000 shares of capital stock, comprised of 2,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, 200,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Each class had a par value of $0.0001 per share. There was no change in the number of shares authorized for issuance or the par value of the common stock and preferred stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split.

Common Stock

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had two classes of common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Each class had a par value of $0.0001.

Voting—Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders, and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. The holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, unless otherwise required by Delaware law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Delaware law could require either holders of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock to vote separately as a single class in the following circumstances: (i) if we were to seek to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to increase or decrease the par value of a class of our capital stock, then that class would be required to vote separately to approve the proposed amendment; and (ii) if we were to seek to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation in a manner that alters or changes the powers, preferences or special rights of a class of our capital stock in a manner that affected its holders adversely, then that class would be required to vote separately to approve the proposed amendment. As a result, in these limited instances, the holders of a majority of the Class A common stock could defeat an amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors.

Dividends—Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to ratably receive dividends if, as and when declared from time to time by our board of directors at its own discretion out of funds legally available for that purpose, after payment of dividends required to be paid on outstanding preferred stock, if any. Under Delaware law, we can only pay dividends either out of “surplus” or out of the current or the immediately preceding year’s net profits. Surplus is defined as the excess, if any, at any given time, of the total assets of a

corporation over its total liabilities and statutory capital. The value of a corporation’s assets can be measured in a number of ways and may not necessarily equal their book value.

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions—Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Conversion—Each share of our Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of our Class A common stock. Each share of our Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of our Class A common stock upon any transfer, whether or not for value, except for (i) certain permitted transfers to entities, to the extent the transferor retains sole dispositive power and exclusive voting control with respect to the shares of Class B common stock, and (ii) certain other permitted transfers described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In addition, if held by a natural person (including a natural person serving in a sole trustee capacity), each share of our Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of our Class A common stock upon the death or incapacity of such natural person as described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. All outstanding shares of our Class B common stock will convert automatically into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock upon the final conversion date, defined as the later of (a) the last trading day of the fiscal quarter immediately following the tenth anniversary of September 21, 2021 and (b) the date fixed by our board of directors that is no less than 61 days and no more than 180 days following the date on which the outstanding shares of Class B common stock first represent less than 10% of the aggregate number of the then outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock (except if the final conversion date determined according to (a) or (b) would otherwise occur on or after the record date of any meeting of stockholders and before or at the time the vote at such meeting is taken, then the final conversion date shall instead be the last trading day of the fiscal quarter during which such vote was taken).

Other Matters—The Class A common stock and Class B common stock have no preemptive rights pursuant to the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Class A common stock and Class B common stock. All outstanding shares of our Class A common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consist of the following:

	September 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
2015 Equity Incentive Plan:
Options issued and outstanding	271,407	316,542
Shares available for future option grants	—	—
2021 Equity Incentive Plan:
Options issued and outstanding	224,034	240,819
Restricted stock units outstanding	595,303	464,165
Performance stock units outstanding	93,780	45,870
Shares available for future grants	745,708	822,815
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
Shares available for future grants	381,101	316,554
Total shares of common stock reserved for future issuance	2,311,333	2,206,765