XML 27 R8.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
NOTE
2
– SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Consolidation
 
CEN’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CEN, CEN Holdings, and Eastern Starr (collectively, the “Company”). CEN Holdings’ purpose was to ease and facilitate US banking transactions. Eastern Starr’s purpose is to facilitate future growth opportunities in the LED lighting sector. All material intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
 
Basis of Accounting
 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using the accrual method of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar.
 
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include certain estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements (including intangible assets), and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period, including stock-based compensation. Accordingly, actual results
may
differ from those estimates.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
For purposes of the balance sheet and statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of
three
months or less at the time of issuance to be cash equivalents.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from
5
to
7
years.
 
The cost of asset additions and improvements that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Routine maintenance and repair items are charged to current operations. The original cost and accumulated depreciation of asset dispositions are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the statement of operations in the period of disposition.
 
The Company reviews long-lived assets to assess recoverability using undiscounted cash flows. When certain events or changes in operating or economic conditions occur, an impairment assessment is performed on the recoverability of the carrying value of these assets. If the asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on the difference between the asset's fair value and its carrying value. If quoted market prices are
not
available, Cen estimates fair value using a discounted value of estimated future cash flows.
 
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets include a patent with a definite useful life and is amortized over
16
years. Management annually reviews this asset for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the related carrying amount
may
not
be recoverable.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
A long-lived asset (asset group) shall be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount
may
not
be recoverable. There were
no
impairment charges taken during the year ended
December 31, 2017.
See Note
6
for impairment charges taken in
2016
related to leasehold improvements.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Once the Company commences operations, it is expected that revenues will generally recognized at the time finished products are shipped or upon the performance of services. Revenues from service contracts will be recognized ratably over the term of the contract. The Company
may
have certain sales programs which, under specified conditions,
may
enable customers to return product. The Company will establish liabilities for estimated returns and allowances at the time of shipment. In addition, accruals for customer discounts and rebates will be provided when sales are recognized. The Company generated
no
revenue in
2017
or
2016.
 
Research and Development Expenditures
 
CEN expenses all research and development expenses when incurred. Research and development expenses were
not
material in
2017
or
2016.
 
Income Taxes
 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the year plus or minus the change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities.
 
Foreign Currency Transactions and Balances
 
Foreign currency transactions in Canadian dollars are converted in the Company’s consolidated financial statements to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are subsequently remeasured at the balance sheet date exchange rate into the functional currency. All gains and losses resulting from the settlement of foreign currency transactions and from the re-measurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The fair value of restricted stock awards granted to employees is determined on the grant date and compensation is recognized ratably over the requisite service period equal to the fair value of the award.
 
The Company accounts for restricted stock awards issued to non-employees in accordance with authoritative guidance (ASC Topic
505
-
50
Equity-based Payments to Non-Employees). All transactions in which goods or services are received in exchange for equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date of the fair value of the equity instrument is the earlier of (i) the date of grant if nonforfeitable and fully vested, or (ii) the date the non-employee’s performance is completed and there is
no
further associated performance commitment. The fair value of unvested equity instruments granted to non-employees is re-measured at each reporting date, and the resulting change in value, if any, is recognized as expense during the period the related services are rendered. The expense is recognized in the same manner as if we had paid cash for the services provided by the non-employees.
 
Loss per Share
 
Net loss per common share is computed pursuant to ASC
260
-
10
-
45.
Basic loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding, which includes the effect of potentially dilutive securities. During periods when there is a net loss, all potentially dilutive shares are anti-dilutive and are excluded from the calculation of net loss per share. Diluted earnings per share is similarly computed except that the denominator includes the effect, using the treasury stock method, of unvested restricted stock and convertible notes, if including such potential shares of common stock is dilutive. For
2017
and
2016,
the common stock equivalents of the convertible note agreements were
not
included in diluted earnings per share computations because their effect was antidilutive.
 
Reclassification
 
As a result of certain related party relationships formed in
2017,
certain amounts in the
2016
consolidated financial statements, including accrued interest, convertible notes payable, and the related interest expense, have been reclassified to conform with the
2017
presentation.