SETTLEMENT ASSETS AND CUSTOMER ACCOUNT BALANCES AND RELATED OBLIGATIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Settlement Assets and Customer Account Balances and Related Obligations

SMB Payments Segment

In the Company's SMB Payments reportable segment, funds settlement refers to the process of transferring funds for sales and credits between card issuers and merchants. The standards of the card networks require possession of funds during the settlement process by a member bank which controls the clearing transactions. Since settlement funds are required to be in the possession of a member bank until the merchant is funded, these funds are not assets of the Company and the associated obligations related to these funds are not liabilities of the Company. Therefore, neither is recognized in the Company's Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. Member banks held merchant funds of $105.7 million and $102.1 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Exception items that become the liability of the Company are recorded as merchant losses, a component of costs of services in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations. Exception items that the Company is still attempting to collect from the merchants through the funds settlement process or merchant reserves are recognized as settlement assets and customer account balances in the Company's Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, with an offsetting reserve for those amounts the Company estimates it will not be able to recover. Expenses for merchant losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

B2B Payments Segment

In the Company's B2B Payments segment, the Company earns revenues from certain of its services by processing transactions for FIs and other business customers. Customers transfer funds to the Company, which are held in either company-owned bank accounts controlled by the Company or bank-owned FBO accounts controlled by the banks, until such time as the transactions are settled with the customer payees. Amounts due to customer payees that are held by the Company in Company-owned bank accounts are included in restricted cash. Amounts due to customer payees that are held in bank-owned FBO accounts are not assets of the Company, and the associated obligations related to these funds are not liabilities of the Company. Therefore, neither is recognized in the Company's Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. Bank-owned FBO accounts held funds of $57.6 million and $45.5 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Company-owned bank accounts held $6.4 million and $21.4 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in restricted cash and settlement obligations in the Company's Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Enterprise Payments Segment

In the Company's Enterprise Payments segment, revenue is derived primarily from enrollment fees, monthly subscription fees and transaction-based fees from licensed money transmission services. As part of its licensed money transmission services, the Company accepts deposits from consumers and subscribers which are held in bank accounts maintained by the Company on behalf of consumers and subscribers. After accepting deposits, the Company is allowed to invest available balances in these accounts in certain permitted investments, and the return on such investments contributes to the Company's net cash inflows. These balances are payable on demand. As such, the Company recorded these balances and related obligations as current assets and current liabilities. The nature of these balances are cash and cash equivalents but they are not available for day-to-day operations of the Company. Therefore, the Company has classified these balances as settlement assets and customer account balances and the related obligations as settlement and customer account obligations in the Company's Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company's settlement assets and customer account balances and settlement and customer account obligations were as follows:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Settlement Assets:
Card settlements due from merchants, net of estimated losses	$	1,228	$	537
Customer Account Balances:
Cash and cash equivalents	497,388		468,934
Time deposits	—		10,000
Total settlement assets and customer account balances	$	498,616	$	479,471

Settlement and Customer Account Obligations:
Customer account obligations	$	497,388	$	478,935
Due to customer payees(1)	6,343		21,356
Total settlement and customer account obligations	$	503,731	$	500,291

(1)The related assets are included in restricted cash on our Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.