As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 18, 2025
Securities Act File No.
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No.1 ☒
Post-Effective Amendment No. ☐
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
c/o Runway Growth Finance Corp.
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
WITH COPIES TO:
Stephani M. Hildebrandt, Esq.
Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP
700 Sixth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
Tel: (202) 383-0100
Fax: (202) 637-3593
Securities Act File No. 333-284781
Approximate date of commencement of proposed public offering:
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
If appropriate, check the following box:
Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:
Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MARCH 18, 2025
PROSPECTUS
$250,000,000
RUNWAY GROWTH FINANCE CORP.
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Warrants
Subscription Rights
Debt Securities
We are a specialty finance company focused on providing senior secured loans to high-growth potential companies in technology, healthcare, business services, financial services, and select consumer services and products in other high-growth industries.
We invest in senior secured term loans and other senior debt obligations and may on occasion invest in second lien loans. We have and continue to expect to acquire warrants and other equity securities from portfolio companies in connection with our investments in loans to these companies. Our investment objective is to maximize our total return to our stockholders primarily through current income on our loan portfolio, and secondarily through capital appreciation on our warrants and other equity positions, by providing our portfolio companies with financing solutions that are more flexible than traditional credit and less dilutive than equity.
We are a closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. We have elected to be treated, and intend to qualify annually, as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a BDC and a RIC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements.
We are externally managed by our investment adviser, Runway Growth Capital, LLC (“Runway Growth Capital”). Runway Growth Capital was formed in 2015 to pursue an investment strategy focused on providing growth financing for dynamic, late and growth stage companies.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements and are taking advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.
We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings or series, up to $250,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, subscription rights to purchase shares of our common stock, and/or warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities (collectively, the “securities”). The preferred stock, debt securities, subscription rights and warrants offered hereby may be convertible or exchangeable into shares of our common stock. The securities may be offered at prices and on terms to be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in our securities.
In the event we offer common stock, the offering price per share of our common stock less any underwriting discounts or commissions will generally not be less than the net asset value per share of our common stock at the time we make the offering. However, we may issue shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus at a price per share that is less than our net asset value per share (i) in connection with a rights offering to our existing shareholders, (ii) with the prior approval of the majority of our outstanding voting securities or (iii) under such other circumstances as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) may permit.
The securities may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, including existing stockholders in a rights offering, or through agents designated from time to time by us, or to or through underwriters or dealers. Each prospectus supplement relating to an offering will identify any agents or underwriters involved in the sale of the securities, and will disclose any applicable purchase price, fee, discount or commissions arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters or among our underwriters or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated. See “Plan of Distribution.” We may not sell any of the securities pursuant to this Registration Statement through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery of this prospectus and a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “RWAY.” On March 17, 2025, the last reported sales price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $10.89 per share. The net asset value per share of our common stock at September 30, 2024 (the last date prior to the date of this prospectus for which we reported net asset value) was $
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk, including credit risk, the risk of the use of leverage and the risk of dilution, and is highly speculative. In addition, shares of closed-end investment companies, including BDCs, frequently trade at a discount to their net asset values. If our shares of our common stock trade at a discount to our net asset value, it will likely increase the risk of loss for purchasers in an offering made pursuant to this prospectus or any related prospectus supplement. Before investing in our securities, you should read the discussion of the material risks of investing in our securities, including the risk of leverage and dilution, in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 18 of this prospectus or otherwise incorporated by reference herein and included in, or incorporated by reference into, the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to an offering of our securities. We will provide the specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, before investing in our securities and keep them for future reference. We also file periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the SEC. This information is available free of charge by contacting us at 205 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 4200, Chicago, IL 60601, calling us at (312) 698-6902 or visiting our corporate website located at https://runwaygrowth.com/document-center/. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains this information. Information on our website or the SEC’s website is not incorporated into or a part of this prospectus.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
The date of this prospectus is | , 2025. |
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 26 |
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC, using the “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf Registration Statement, we may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $250,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, subscription rights to purchase shares of our common stock, and/or warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. See “Plan of Distribution” for more information.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time we use this prospectus to offer securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. In a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, we may also add, update, or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, will include all material information relating to the applicable offering. To the extent that any statement that we make in a prospectus supplement is inconsistent with statements made in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the statements made or incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed modified or superseded by those made in the prospectus supplement. Before buying any of the securities being offered, please carefully read this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.
This prospectus may contain estimates and information concerning our industry, including market size and growth rates of the markets in which we participate, that are based on industry publications and other third-party reports. This information involves many assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the data contained in these industry publications and reports. However, we acknowledge our responsibility for all disclosures in this prospectus. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described or referenced in the section titled “Risk Factors,” that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.
This prospectus includes summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described in this prospectus, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed or incorporated by reference, or will be filed or incorporated by reference, as exhibits to this Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described in the section titled “Available Information.”
You should rely only on the information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized any dealer, salesperson or other person to provide you with different information or to make representations as to matters not stated in this prospectus, in any accompanying prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you do not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities by any person in any jurisdiction where it is unlawful for that person to make such an offer or solicitation or to any person in any jurisdiction to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation. You should not assume that the information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, in any accompanying prospectus supplement or in any such free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than their respective dates. Our financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since any such date. To the extent required by law, we will amend or supplement the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement to reflect any material changes to such information subsequent to the date of the prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and prior to the completion of any offering pursuant to the prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights some of the information included elsewhere in this prospectus or incorporated by reference. It is not complete and may not contain all of the information that you may want to consider before investing in our securities. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, and any related free writing prospectus, including the risks of investing in our securities discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. Before making your investment decision, you should also carefully read the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements and related notes, and the exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part. Throughout this prospectus we refer to Runway Growth Finance Corp. as “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company,” and to “Runway Growth Capital LLC,” our investment adviser, as “Runway Growth Capital” or “Adviser.”
Runway Growth Finance Corp.
We are a specialty finance company focused on providing senior secured loans to high-growth potential companies in technology, healthcare, business services, financial services, and select consumer services and products in other high-growth industries. Our goal is to create significant value for our stockholders and the entrepreneurs we support by providing high-growth potential companies with hybrid debt and equity financing that is more flexible than traditional credit and less dilutive than equity. We are managed by Runway Growth Capital, an experienced provider of growth financing for dynamic, late and growth stage companies. Our investment objective is to maximize our total return to our stockholders primarily through current income on our loan portfolio and secondarily through capital gains on our warrants and other equity positions. As of September 30, 2024, we had an investment portfolio of $1.1 billion at fair value, and a net asset value of $13.39 per share.
We are structured as an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). We have also elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). While we currently qualify and intend to qualify annually to be treated as a RIC, no assurance can be provided that we will be able to maintain our tax treatment as RIC. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Our Adviser
We are externally managed by Runway Growth Capital. Runway Growth Capital was formed in 2015 to pursue an investment strategy focused on providing growth financing for dynamic, late and growth stage companies. David Spreng, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, formed our Adviser following a more than 25-year career in venture capital investing and lending. Runway Growth Capital has 29 employees across three offices in the United States, including five investment professionals focused on origination activities and ten focused on underwriting and managing our investment portfolio. Our Adviser consistently demonstrates a credit first culture while maintaining, what we believe, is an admirable reputation among borrowers for industry knowledge, creativity, and understanding of the challenges often faced by late and growth stage companies.
In January 2025, Runway Growth Capital was acquired by certain private investment funds advised by BC Partners Credit and Mount Logan Capital Inc. pursuant to its minority investment. BC Partners Credit was launched in February 2017, with a focus on identifying attractive credit opportunities in any market environment, often in complex market segments. The platform leverages the broader firm’s deep industry and operating resources to provide flexible financing solutions to middle-market companies across Business Services, Industrials, Healthcare and other select sectors. Mount Logan Capital Inc. is an alternative asset management and insurance solutions company that is focused on public and private debt securities in the North American market and the reinsurance of annuity products, primarily through its wholly owned subsidiaries Mount Logan Management LLC and Ability Insurance Company, respectively. Mount Logan Capital Inc. also actively sources, evaluates, underwrites, manages, monitors and primarily invests in loans, debt securities, and other credit-oriented instruments that present attractive risk-adjusted returns and present low risk of principal impairment through the credit cycle.
Runway Growth Capital’s senior executive team has on average more than 34 years of experience, and its investment professionals, including origination and underwriting, have on average 23 years of experience. Our Adviser has built its team with investment professionals who have deep industry experience, a track record of successful originations and outcomes across the venture debt and venture and private equity spectrums, along with rich experience in working with and understanding high-growth companies from both an investor’s and an operator’s perspective.
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Runway Growth Capital is registered as an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the “Advisers Act”). Subject to the overall supervision of our board of directors (the “Board”), our Adviser manages our day-to-day operations and provides us with investment advisory services pursuant to the third amended and restated investment advisory agreement, dated January 30, 2025 (the “Advisory Agreement”). Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, we pay Runway Growth Capital a fee for its investment advisory and management services consisting of two components: a base management fee and an incentive fee. The cost of the base management fee and incentive fee are each borne by our stockholders. See “Management and Other Agreements.”
Runway-Cadma I LLC Joint Venture
Effective March 6, 2024, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Cadma Capital Partners LLC (“Cadma”) to create and co-manage Runway-Cadma I LLC (the “JV”). The JV may invest in secured loans to growth-stage companies that have been originated by the Company. The Company and Cadma have equal ownership of the JV and each committed to provide $35.0 million of the total $70.0 million in equity capital. All portfolio decisions and generally all other actions in respect of the JV must be approved by the board of managers of the JV, consisting of an equal number of representatives of the Company and Cadma. Capital contributions are called from the Company and Cadma on a pro-rata basis based on their total capital commitments.
Our Administrator
We have entered into an amended and restated administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with Runway Administrator Services LLC (the “Administrator”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Runway Growth Capital, pursuant to which our Administrator is responsible for furnishing us with office facilities and equipment and provides us with clerical, bookkeeping, recordkeeping and other administrative services at such facilities. Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, we pay our Administrator an amount equal to our allocable portion (subject to the review of our Board) of our Administrator’s overhead resulting from its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent and the allocable portion of the cost of our Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer and their respective staffs. For more information, see “Management and Other Agreements.”
Oaktree Strategic Relationship
In December 2016, we and Runway Growth Capital entered into a strategic relationship with Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (“Oaktree”). Oaktree is a leading global investment management firm focused on less efficient markets and alternative investments. Oaktree, together with its affiliates, emphasizes an opportunistic, value-oriented and risk-controlled approach to investments in distressed debt, corporate debt (including high-yield debt and senior loans), control investing, real estate, convertible securities and listed equities. In 2019, Brookfield Corporation (f/k/a Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) (“Brookfield”) acquired a majority economic interest in the business of Oaktree and its affiliates. Oaktree and its affiliates operate as an independent business with Brookfield, with their own product offerings and investment, marketing and support teams. Brookfield is a leading global alternative asset manager with over a 100 year history and over $1 trillion of assets under management (inclusive of Oaktree and its affiliates) across a broad portfolio of real estate, infrastructure, renewable power, credit and private equity assets.
OCM Growth Holdings (“OCM Growth”), an affiliate of Oaktree, purchased an aggregate of 14,571,334 shares of the Company’s common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $219.3 million in the Company’s Initial Private Offering and Second Private Offering. As of December 31, 2024, OCM Growth owned 10,779,668 shares, or approximately 29% of the Company’s outstanding shares. Pursuant to an irrevocable proxy, certain shares of our common stock held by OCM Growth must be voted in the same proportion that the Company’s other stockholders vote their shares. Of the 10,779,668 shares of the Company’s common stock owned by OCM Growth, 10,294,926 shares, or approximately 28% of the Company’s outstanding shares, are subject to this proxy voting arrangement.
In connection with OCM Growth’s commitment, the Company entered into a stockholder agreement, dated December 15, 2016, with OCM Growth, pursuant to which OCM Growth has a right to nominate a member of the Board of Directors for election for so long as OCM Growth holds shares of the Company’s common stock in an amount equal to, in the aggregate, at least one-third (33%) of OCM Growth’s initial $125.0 million capital commitment. Catherine Frey, serves on the Board of Directors as OCM Growth’s director nominee as an independent director. Further, to the extent OCM Growth’s share ownership falls below one-third of its initial $125 million capital commitment under any circumstances, OCM Growth will no longer have the right to appoint a director nominee and will use reasonable efforts to cause such nominee to resign immediately (subject to his or her existing fiduciary duties).
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Our Portfolio
From the commencement of operations in December 2016 through September 30, 2024, we made total commitments of $2.8 billion to fund investments in 82 portfolio companies, invested $2.2 billion in debt and equity investments, excluding U.S. Treasury Bills, and realized 47 investments. Of the $2.8 billion total commitments since inception, 31% are related to upsizes from existing borrowers. As of September 30, 2024, our debt investment portfolio consisted of 49 debt investments in 32 portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of $1.0 billion, while our equity portfolio consisted of 66 warrant positions in 46 portfolio companies, eleven preferred stock positions in four portfolio companies, six common stock positions in six portfolio companies, and three equity investments in three companies with an aggregate fair value of $62.2 million.
As of September 30, 2024, 100%, or $1.0 billion, of our debt investment portfolio at fair value consisted of senior term loans and 98.6% of our debt investments were secured by a first lien on all or a portion of the tangible and intangible assets of the applicable portfolio company. The debt investments in our portfolio are generally not rated by any rating agency. If the individual debt investments in our portfolio were rated, they would generally be rated below “investment grade.” Securities rated below investment grade are often referred to as “high yield” securities and “junk bonds,” and are considered “high risk” and speculative in nature compared to debt instruments that are rated investment grade.
Certain of the loans we make to portfolio companies have financial maintenance covenants, which are intended to protect lenders from adverse changes in a portfolio company’s financial performance. Venture lenders, in general, focus on a limited set of key financial performance metrics, including minimum liquidity, performance to plan, and investor abandonment, in lieu of a full set of financial performance covenants that do not meaningfully assess the risk of companies at the stage of development of companies in which venture lenders typically invest. As such, many of our loans could be considered covenant-lite by traditional lending standards. We have made and may in the future make or obtain significant exposure to “covenant-lite” loans, which generally are loans that do not require a borrower to comply with financial maintenance covenants. Generally, covenant-lite loans permit borrowers more opportunity to negatively impact lenders because their covenants are incurrence-based, which means they are only tested and can only be breached following certain actions of the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition. Accordingly, because we make and have exposure to covenant-lite loans, we may have less protection from borrower actions and may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants.
As of September 30, 2024, we had a total of $260.4 million in unfunded commitments which was comprised of $231.0 million to provide debt financing to our portfolio companies and $29.4 million in unfunded commitments to provide equity financing to the JV. As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately $67.3 million of available unfunded commitments to portfolio companies that are eligible to be drawn based on achieved milestones and $29.4 million in unfunded capital commitments to the JV. We believe that our available cash balances, availability under our Credit Agreement with KeyBank National Association (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) provides sufficient funds to cover our unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2024.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, our debt investment portfolio had a dollar-weighted annualized yield of 15.9% and 15.5%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, our debt investment portfolio had a dollar-weighted annualized yield of 18.3% and 16.0%, respectively. We calculate the yield on dollar-weighted debt investments for any period measured as (1) total related investment income during the period divided by (2) the daily average of the fair value of debt investments outstanding during the period, including any debt investments on non-accrual status. As of September 30, 2024, our debt investments had a dollar-weighted average term of 58 months at origination and a dollar-weighted average remaining term of 33 months, or approximately 2.8 years. As of September 30, 2024, substantially all of our debt investments had a committed principal amount of between $6.0 million and $85.0 million and pay cash interest at annual interest rates of between 8.0% and 14.8%.
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The following table shows our dollar-weighted annualized yield by investment type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023:
| Fair Value(1) |
| Cost(2) |
| |||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
| |||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | September 30, |
| |||||||||||||
Investment type: |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
| 2024 |
| 2023 |
|
Debt investments |
| 15.92 | % | 18.27 | % | 15.51 | % | 16.04 | % | 15.49 | % | 17.99 | % | 15.21 | % | 15.79 | % |
Equity interest |
| — | % | 2.52 | % | 0.07 | % | 2.70 | % | — | % | 1.97 | % | 0.05 | % | 2.17 | % |
All investments |
| 15.08 | % | 17.47 | % | 14.77 | % | 15.45 | % | 14.29 | % | 16.98 | % | 14.11 | % | 15.07 | % |
(1) | We calculate the dollar-weighted annualized yield on average investment type for any period as (a) total related investment income during the period divided by (b) the daily average of the fair value of the investment type outstanding during the period, including any investments on non-accrual status. The dollar-weighted annualized yield represents the portfolio yield and will be higher than what investors will realize because it does not reflect our expenses or any sales load paid by investors. |
(2) | We calculate the dollar-weighted annualized yield on average investment type for any period as (a) total related investment income during the period divided by (b) the daily average of the investment type outstanding during the period, at amortized cost, including any investments on non-accrual status. The dollar-weighted annualized yield represents the portfolio yield and will be higher than what investors will realize because it does not reflect our expenses or any sales load paid by investors. |
Investment Strategy and Approach
Our investment objective is to maximize total return to our stockholders primarily through current income on our loan portfolio and secondarily through capital appreciation on our warrants and other equity positions. We typically invest in senior secured term loans and other senior debt obligations and may on occasion invest in second lien loans. We generally receive warrants and/or other equity securities from portfolio companies in connection with our investments in loans to these companies.
We focus on lending to late and growth stage companies in technology, healthcare , business services, financial services, and select consumer services and products in other high-growth industries.
We are typically the sole lender to our portfolio companies and do not actively syndicate the loans we originate to other lenders nor do we participate in syndications built by other lenders.
We originate our investments through two strategies: Sponsored Growth Lending and Non-Sponsored Growth Lending. In addition to our core strategy of providing Sponsored Growth Lending and Non-Sponsored Growth Lending, we may also opportunistically participate in the secondary markets for investments that are consistent with our broader investment strategy.
We seek to construct a balanced portfolio with diversification among sponsored and non-sponsored transactions, diversification among sponsors within the Sponsored Growth Lending strategy, diversification among industry, geography, and stage of development, all contributing to a favorable risk-adjusted return for the portfolio viewed as a whole. Borrowers tend to use the proceeds of our financing to invest in sales and marketing, expand capacity of the overall business or refinance existing debt.
Sponsored Growth Lending. Our Sponsored Growth Lending strategy generally includes loans to late and growth stage companies that are already backed by established venture capital firms. Our Sponsored Growth Lending strategy typically includes the receipt of warrants and/or other equity from these venture- backed companies.
We believe that our Sponsored Growth Lending strategy is particularly attractive because the loans we make typically have higher investment yields relative to lending to larger, more mature companies and usually include additional equity upside potential. We believe our Sponsored Growth Lending strategy:
● | provides us access to many high-quality companies backed by top-tier venture capital and private equity investors; |
● | delivers consistent returns through double-digit loan yields; and |
● | often offers us the ability to participate in equity upside of portfolio companies through the acquisition of warrants. |
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Non-Sponsored Growth Lending. Our Non-Sponsored Growth Lending strategy generally includes loans to late and growth stage, private companies that are funded directly by entrepreneurs and founders, or companies that no longer require institutional equity investment (which may selectively include publicly traded companies). We refer to these target borrowers as “non-sponsored growth companies”.
Generally, financing available to these non-sponsored companies is predicated on the underlying value of the business’s assets, in an orderly liquidation scenario, and/or the entrepreneur’s own personal financial resources. These options frequently provide insufficient capital to fund growth plans and do not consider the underlying enterprise value of the business which may be substantial relative to the value of tangible assets deployed in the business. We are frequently the only senior lender to non-sponsored growth companies and evaluate business fundamentals, the commitment of the entrepreneur and secondary sources of repayment in our underwriting approach.
As a BDC, we are generally limited in our ability to invest in any portfolio company in which Runway Growth Capital or any of its affiliates currently has an investment or to make any co-investments with our investment adviser or its affiliates without an exemptive order from the SEC, subject to certain exceptions. On August 10, 2020, as amended on August 30, 2022, we, Runway Growth Capital, and certain other funds and accounts sponsored or managed by Runway Growth Capital were granted an exemptive order (the “Order”) that permits us greater flexibility than the 1940 Act permits to negotiate the terms of co-investments if our Board determines that it would be advantageous for us to co-invest with other accounts sponsored or managed by Runway Growth Capital or its affiliates in a manner consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors. We believe that the ability to co-invest with similar investment structures and accounts sponsored or managed by Runway Growth Capital or its affiliates provides additional investment opportunities and the ability to achieve greater diversification. Under the terms of the Order, a majority of our independent directors are required to make certain determinations in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that (1) the terms of the proposed transaction are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching of us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors.
Market Opportunity
We believe that the market environment is favorable for us to continue to pursue an investment strategy primarily focused on late stage and high-growth companies in technology, healthcare, business services, financial services, and select consumer services and products in other high-growth industries.
Focus on Innovative Companies Across a Variety of High-Growth Industries
Diversified high-growth potential industries: We target companies active in industries that support high- growth potential. Our Sponsored Growth Lending strategy is focused on the largest industry sectors where venture capital investors are active, primarily technology, healthcare, business services, financial services, and select consumer services and products in other high-growth industries. These sectors’ continued growth is supported mostly by ongoing innovation and performance improvements in specific products as well as the adoption of innovative technologies and services across virtually all industries in response to competitive pressures. Term debt has been a loan product used by many of the largest, most successful venture-backed companies.
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Annual Venture Capital Activity — Deal Volume ($ in billions) and Deal Count
Source: Pitchbook-NVCA Venture Monitor data, Q4 2024
Sponsored and Non-Sponsored Lending Represents an Attractive Source of Funding
Sponsored Growth Lending: An attractive market opportunity exists for a lender that invests in secured loans to late and growth stage companies that have not yet achieved profitability. Sponsored growth lending provides an attractive source of funds for venture-backed companies, their management teams, and their equity capital investors, as it:
● | is typically less dilutive and complements equity financing from venture capital and private equity funds; |
● | often extends the time period during which a company can operate before seeking additional equity capital or pursuing a sale transaction or other liquidity event; and |
● | generally allows companies to better match cash sources with uses. |
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Non-Sponsored Growth Lending: An attractive market opportunity exists for a lender that invests in secured loans to late and growth stage companies that have reached profitability and need long-term growth capital but do not want the challenges that come with selling equity to venture capital or private equity firms. Non-Sponsored Growth Lending often provides all or some of the following benefits to our borrowers:
● | access to growth capital without the requirement to take on institutional-size investments that may exceed the company’s capital requirements; |
● | tax deductible interest payments; |
● | no significant operational involvement; |
● | no personal guarantees; |
● | very modest dilution, if any; and |
● | no loss of managerial control or forced redemption. |
Large and Growing Market for Debt Financing to Venture Capital-Backed Companies
Healthy, stable venture environment: Approximately 15,250 companies received venture capital financing in 2024, according to the Pitchbook-NVCA Venture Monitor, a quarterly report published jointly by NVCA and Pitchbook on venture capital activity (“Pitchbook-NVCA”). Despite the broader economic challenges of 2024, we anticipate the market for borrowers will gradually improve over the coming quarters. The venture debt lending market, as defined in the Q4 2024 Pitchbook-NVCA Venture Monitor, is estimated at $53.3 billion or roughly 25.5% of total U.S. venture capital deal value in.
Annual Venture Capital Activity — Deal Volume ($ in billions) and Deal Count
Source: Pitchbook-NVCA Venture Monitor data, Q4 2024.
Growing pool of target companies: The time from initial venture capital investment to transaction exit of such investment, either by an initial public offering or merger and acquisition transaction, compressed slightly over the last couple of years but increased in 2024. According to the Pitchbook-NVCA Q4 2024 Venture Monitor, in 2024 the average number of years from initial venture investment to initial public offering of a U.S. venture capital-backed company was 6.3 years, and the average number of years from
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initial venture investment to merger and acquisition transaction was 4.6 years. Exit transactions are a small proportion of companies financed by venture capital each year. As a result, the pool of target companies has grown larger with increased demand for private capital.
Highly Fragmented, Underserved Market with High Barriers to Entry
Unfulfilled demand and limited competition: Many viable venture-backed companies have been unable to obtain sufficient growth financing from traditional lenders, such as commercial banks or asset-based finance companies, because traditional lenders normally underwrite to tangible asset values and/or operating cash flows. If such firms do provide financing, their loans normally contain financial performance covenants stipulating tangible asset coverages or setting standards of operating performance that do not apply to our target companies. Because sponsored growth lending and non-sponsored growth lending require specialized underwriting and investment structures that fit the distinct characteristics of venture-backed companies and non-sponsored growth companies, more traditional lending approaches largely do not apply to these companies. We also believe that our relationship-based approach to investing helps us to assess and manage investment risks and determine appropriate pricing for our debt investments in portfolio companies.
Competitive Advantages
We believe we are well positioned to address the market for growth lending in a manner that will result in a competitive advantage over other established sponsored growth lenders. We believe our competitive strengths and key differentiators include:
Experienced, Proven Management Team Supported by a Deep Bench of Dedicated Investment Professionals.
The senior investment professionals of Runway Growth Capital have over 23 years of experience as venture capitalists and lenders who have developed a disciplined, repeatable approach to investing and managing investments in high-growth potential businesses. We believe that the experience, relationships and disciplined investment and risk management processes of Runway Growth Capital’s investment professionals are a competitive advantage for us.
Our President and Chief Executive Officer, David Spreng, who is also the founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of Runway Growth Capital, has a unique combination of experience as a senior executive of a $20 billion asset management firm and over 30 years as a venture capital equity and debt investor. Mr. Spreng has been a leader in applying risk management processes to investing in equity and debt of small, fast-growing, private companies. Our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, Thomas Raterman, has more than 30 years of corporate finance, investment banking, private equity and financial executive management experience with rapidly growing entrepreneurial companies. Greg Greifeld, Managing Director, Deputy Chief Investment Officer and Head of Credit at Runway Growth Capital, has over 16 years of lending, venture capital, and investment management experience.
Runway Growth Capital has a broad team of professionals focused on every aspect of the investment lifecycle. Runway Growth Capital has origination, underwriting and portfolio monitoring teams that manage and oversee the investment process from identification of investment opportunity through negotiations of final term sheet and investment in a portfolio company followed by active portfolio monitoring. The team members serving investment management and oversight functions have significant operating experience and are not associated with origination functions to avoid any biased views of performance. This structure helps originators focus on identifying investment opportunities while other team members continue building relationships with our portfolio companies.
Provide Capital to Robust, High-Growth Venture-backed Companies. We believe we are favorably positioned within the venture lending ecosystem, targeting primarily growth focused technology and life sciences companies. We believe the technology and life sciences industries are among the most attractive industries within the venture lending space, primarily representing large, addressable markets with strong and consistent growth. According to the Q4 2024 Pitchbook NVCA Venture Monitor and Pitchbook-NVCA industry classifications, venture capital deal volume for technology totaled approximately $183.8 billion in 2024, representing a 12.0% CAGR from 2014 to 2024. Venture capital deal volume for life science totaled approximately $36.3 billion in 2024, representing a 9.6% CAGR from 2014 to 2024. We believe companies within these industries can often be characterized as having asset-light business models, attractive recurring revenue streams and strong growth trajectories.
We invest across industries to diversify risk and deliver more stable returns. The investment professionals at Runway Growth Capital have extensive experience investing in the industries on which we focus, including technology, healthcare, business services, financial services, and select consumer services and products in other high-growth industries. Our ability to invest across diverse industries is supported by our Sponsored Growth Lending strategy and relationships with leading venture firms, who are generally
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industry experts in the areas in which they invest. We are able to leverage our relationships across equity providers, lenders, and advisers to source deals within the venture industry.
We believe we are able to access opportunities to finance companies that are both backed by venture capital sponsors as well as through direct lead generation and other relationships. While many growth lenders focus solely on sponsored lending, we believe we are differentiated in our approach by offering both sponsored growth lending and non-sponsored growth lending that are secured by the assets of many of the most dynamic, innovative and fastest growing companies in the United States.
Robust Disciplined Investment Process and Credit Analysis. Runway Growth Capital’s senior investment professionals draw upon their substantial experience, including operating, lending, venture capital and growth investing, to manage the underwriting investment process. Credit analysis, which is a fundamental part of our investment process, is driven by our credit-first philosophy and utilizes the core competencies the team has developed. A strong assessment of underwriting transactions often enables development of structure and pricing terms to win deals and produce strong returns for risks taken versus other lenders that take a more formulaic approach to the business.
We believe the focused and disciplined approach that Runway Growth Capital applies to our lending strategy enables us to deliver strong, consistent returns to our investors. As of September 30, 2024, our debt portfolio is 98.6% first lien senior secured. Of our $2.2 billion total funded commitments since inception, our cumulative gross loss rate, as a percentage of total commitments since inception, has been 0.88% and our net losses, as a percentage of total commitments since inception, has been 0.71%. On average, our portfolio companies have raised $132.7 million of equity proceeds relative to our average loan commitment size of $41.3 million. To achieve this, we do not follow an “index” strategy or a narrowly focused approach, and we do not lend only to those companies that are backed by a specific set of sponsors. We believe that careful selection among many opportunities will yield the optimal portfolio results within both sponsored and non-sponsored lending opportunities - although we do expect the sponsored segment to represent the majority of the portfolio for the foreseeable future.
We maintain rigorous underwriting, monitoring and risk management processes across our portfolio, which is underpinned by our two main lending principles, first the ability to price risk and second the ability to measure and track enterprise value. Our investment process differs from many of our competitors in that we have a dedicated credit team, separate from the origination team that manages the underwriting process. Unlike many of our competitors, we underwrite the company and the loan separately and spend significant time analyzing the enterprise value of the company and potential upside from the equity component of the transaction.
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Proprietary Risk Analytics Return Optimization. Over the past 20 years, Runway Growth Capital’s senior investment professionals have iterated upon and built out an extensive due diligence process, which has resulted in the proprietary risk analysis used today. Mr. Spreng has overseen the development of a risk management model that helps to identify, analyze and mitigate risk within individual portfolio companies in the venture capital space. The model utilized by us today examines a consistent set of more than 30 quantitative and qualitative variables in four main risk areas (market, technology, management and financing) to generate a composite risk ranking for each portfolio company.
Flexible, Opportunity-Specific Pricing and Structure. Runway Growth Capital’s comprehensive analysis assesses all factors and does not rely on any one criterion above or more than others. For example, we do not seek to provide financing to every early-stage company backed by top-tier venture firms, but only to those companies that, in our opinion, possess the most favorable risk and return characteristics for our investments. We seek to understand the attractiveness of each opportunity on its own merits. The quality of the venture investors involved is important, but it is only one component of our decision-making process. Within our Non-Sponsored Growth Lending strategy, we expect that many companies will have positive earnings before interest expense, income tax expenses, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) but have been unable to access sufficient capital to fund current growth opportunities. We believe that gaining a comprehensive picture of an opportunity based on Runway Growth Capital’s defined assessment factors allows us to be more flexible, to identify price and structure inefficiencies in the debt market, better support our portfolio companies, and to maximize loan and warrant returns, while minimizing losses. In our Sponsored and Non-Sponsored Growth Lending strategies, we target our loan to be less than 25% of enterprise value at inception.
Strong Reputation and Deep Relationships. Runway Growth Capital’s senior investment professionals enjoy reputations as innovative thought leaders, ingrained in the fabric of the venture community. Runway Growth Capital’s senior investment professionals have been active in venture capital investing, private lending, growth equity investing, corporate finance, and investment banking for more than two decades and are viewed as trustworthy partners to both management and venture investors as well as entrepreneurs. Our investment professionals’ experience has often encouraged private companies to work with a lender that can manage challenges and deviations from plans that often arise in developing companies.
Runway Growth Capital’s senior investment professionals also have established a network of relationships over two decades with various venture capital firms, venture banks, institutional investors, entrepreneurs and other venture capital market participants, which has allowed Runway Growth Capital to develop a variety of channels for investment originations and referrals. These investment professionals maintain ongoing dialogue with a number of venture capital firms across the country, leverage a suite of technologies to identify potential borrowers and often seek to be the first contact for new investment opportunities.
Use of Leverage
As a BDC, we are generally required to meet an asset coverage ratio, defined under the 1940 Act as the ratio of our gross assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) to our outstanding senior securities, equal to 200% (or 150% if certain conditions are met) after each issuance of senior securities. On October 28, 2021, the Board approved a proposal that permits us to reduce our asset coverage ratio to 150%. On June 16, 2022, our stockholders approved the reduced asset coverage ratio at our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders. The reduced asset coverage ratio of 150% became effective upon receiving stockholder approval.
Credit Facility
On May 31, 2019, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with KeyBank National Association, acting as administrative agent and syndication agent and the other lenders party thereto, which initially provided the Company with a $100.0 million commitment, subject to borrowing base requirements (as amended and restated from time to time, the “Credit Facility”). As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $550.0 million in total commitments available under the Credit Facility, subject to an accordion feature that allows the Company to increase the total commitments under the Credit Facility up to $600.0 million. The availability period under the Credit Facility expires on April 20, 2025 and is followed by a one-year amortization period. The stated maturity date under the Credit Facility is April 20, 2026, unless extended.
Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest on a per annum rate equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR plus an applicable margin rate that ranges from 2.95% to 3.35% per annum depending on the Company’s leverage ratio and number of eligible loans in the collateral pool. The Credit Facility provides for a variable advance rate of up to 65% on eligible term loans. The Company also pays an unused commitment fee that ranges from 0.25% to 1.00% per annum based on the total unused lender commitments under the Credit Facility.
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The Credit Facility is collateralized by all eligible investment assets held by the Company. The Credit Facility contains representations, warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants customary for secured financings of this type, including certain financial covenants such as a consolidated tangible net worth requirement and a required asset coverage ratio.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the weighted average outstanding principal balance was $273.0 million and $248.1 million, respectively, and the weighted average effective interest rate was 8.55% and 8.54%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the weighted average outstanding principal balance was $250.3 million and $298.0 million, respectively, and the weighted average effective interest rate was 8.07% and 7.99%, respectively.
2026 Notes
On December 10, 2021, the Company entered into a master note purchase agreement, completing a private debt offering of $70.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% interest-bearing unsecured Series 2021A Senior Notes due 2026 (the “December 2026 Notes”) to institutional accredited investors (as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)). The December 2026 Notes were issued in two closings: the initial issuance of $20.0 million closed on December 10, 2021 and the second issuance of $50.0 million closed on February 10, 2022. On April 13, 2023, the Company completed the first supplement to the master note purchase agreement, resulting in an additional private debt offering of $25.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.54% interest-bearing unsecured Series 2023A Senior Notes due 2026 (the “April 2026 Notes”) to institutional accredited investors (as defined in the Securities Act). The December 2026 Notes and the April 2026 Notes (collectively the “2026 Notes”) are subject to a 1.00% increase in the respective interest rates in the event that, subject to certain exceptions, the 2026 Notes cease to have an investment grade rating or receive an investment grade rating below the Investment Grade (as defined in the master note purchase agreement). The 2026 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all outstanding and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company.
December 2026 Notes
The December 2026 Notes bear an interest rate of 4.25% per year and are due on December 10, 2026, unless redeemed, purchased or prepaid prior to such date by the Company or its affiliates in accordance with their terms. Interest on the December 2026 Notes will be due semiannually in arrears on June 10 and December 10 of each year.
Aggregate costs in connection with the December 2026 Notes issuance were $1.0 million, and were capitalized and deferred. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized deferred financing costs related to the December 2026 Notes were $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
April 2026 Notes
The April 2026 Notes bear an interest rate of 8.54% per year and are due on April 13, 2026, unless redeemed, purchased or prepaid prior to such date by the Company or its affiliates in accordance with their terms. Interest on the April 2026 Notes will be due semiannually in arrears on April 13 and October 13 of each year.
Aggregate costs in connection with the April 2026 Notes issuance were $0.4 million, and were capitalized and deferred. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized deferred financing costs related to the April 2026 Notes were $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
2027 Notes
July 2027 Notes
On July 28, 2022, the Company issued and sold $80.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.50% interest-bearing unsecured Notes due 2027 (the “July 2027 Notes”) under its shelf Registration Statement on Form N-2. The July 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to the Base Indenture dated July 28, 2022 (the “Base Indenture”) and First Supplemental Indenture, dated July 28, 2022 (together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), between the Company and the Trustee, U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association.
The July 2027 Notes bear an interest rate of 7.50% per year and are due on July 28, 2027. Interest on the 2027 Notes will be due quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year. The July 2027 Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at the Company’s option on or after July 28, 2024, at a redemption price of $25 per July 2027
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Note plus accrued and unpaid interest payments otherwise payable for the then-current quarterly interest period accrued to the date fixed for redemption. The July 2027 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with the Company’s existing and future unsecured, unsubordinated indebtedness.
Aggregate costs in connection with the July 2027 Notes issuance, including the underwriter’s discount and commissions, were $2.7 million, and were capitalized and deferred. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized deferred financing costs related to the July 2027 Notes were $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
August 2027 Notes
On August 31, 2022, the Company issued and sold a private debt offering of $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.00% interest-bearing unsecured Series 2022A Senior Notes due 2027 (the “August 2027 Notes”) to HCM Master Fund Limited.
The August 2027 Notes bear an interest rate of 7.00% per year and are due on August 31, 2027, unless redeemed, purchased or prepaid prior to such date by the Company or its affiliates in accordance with their terms. Interest on the August 2027 Notes will be due semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The August 2027 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with all outstanding and future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by the Company.
Aggregate costs in connection with the August 2027 Notes issuance were $0.7 million, and were capitalized and deferred. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized deferred financing costs related to the August 2027 Notes were $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
December 2027 Notes
On December 7, 2022, the Company issued and sold $51.75 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.00% interest-bearing unsecured Notes due 2027 (the “December 2027 Notes”) under its shelf Registration Statement on Form N-2. The December 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to the Base Indenture and Second Supplemental Indenture, dated December 7, 2022, between the Company and the Trustee, U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association.
The December 2027 Notes bear an interest rate of 8.0% per year and are due on December 28, 2027. Interest on the December 2027 Notes will be due quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1, and December 1 of each year. The December 2027 Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at the Company’s option on or after December 31, 2024, at a redemption price of $25 per December 2027 Note plus accrued and unpaid interest payments otherwise payable for the then-current quarterly interest period accrued to the date fixed for redemption. The December 2027 Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that rank pari passu with the Company’s existing and future unsecured, unsubordinated indebtedness.
Aggregate costs in connection with the December 2027 Notes issuance, including the underwriter’s discount and commissions, were $1.9 million, and were capitalized and deferred. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unamortized deferred financing costs related to the December 2027 Notes were $1.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
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FEES AND EXPENSES
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that you will bear directly or indirectly. We caution you that some of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. The expenses shown in the table under “Annual expenses” are based on estimated amounts for our current fiscal year. The following table should not be considered a representation of our future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this prospectus contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “us” or “the Company” or that “we” will pay fees or expenses, you will indirectly bear these fees or expenses as an investor in the Company.
| 2025 | ||
Stockholder transaction expenses: | |||
Sales load (as a percentage of offering price) | — | %(1) | |
Offering expenses (as a percentage of offering price) | — | %(2) | |
Dividend reinvestment plan expenses | — | %(3) | |
Total stockholder transaction expenses (as a percentage of offering price) | — | % | |
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common stock): | |||
Management Fee payable under the Advisory Agreement | | %(4)(8) | |
Incentive Fee payable under the Advisory Agreement | | %(5) (8) | |
Interest payments and fees paid on borrowed funds | | %(6) (8) | |
Other expenses | | %(7)(8) | |
Total annual expenses | | % |
(1) | In the event that the securities are sold to or through underwriters, a related prospectus supplement will disclose the applicable sales load (underwriting discount or commission). |
(2) |
(3) | The expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan are included in “other expenses” in the table above. For additional information, see “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.” |
(4) |
(5) | The incentive fee, which provides Runway Growth Capital with a share of the income that Runway Growth Capital generates for us, consists of an Investment Income Fee and a Capital Gains Fee. |
Under the Income Incentive Fee, we pay Runway Growth Capital each quarter an incentive fee with respect to our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income. The Income Incentive Fee is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on the Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. Payments based on Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income will be based on the Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income earned for the quarter. Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of our net assets (defined as total assets less liabilities) at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, will be compared to a “hurdle rate” of 2.0% per quarter (8.0% annualized). We will pay Runway Growth Capital an Income Incentive Fee with respect to the our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income in each calendar quarter as follows: (1) no Income Incentive Fee in any calendar quarter in which our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income does not exceed the hurdle rate of 2.0%; (2) 80% of our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.667% in any calendar quarter (10.668% annualized) (the portion of our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income that exceeds the hurdle but is less than 2.667% is referred to as the “catch-up”; the “catch-up” is meant to provide Runway Growth Capital with 20.0% of our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income as if a hurdle did not apply if our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income exceeds 2.667% in any calendar quarter (10.668% annualized)); and (3) 20.0% of the amount of our Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds 2.667% in any calendar quarter (10.668% annualized) payable to Runway Growth Capital (once the hurdle is reached and the catch-up is achieved, 20.0% of all Pre-Incentive Fee net investment income thereafter is allocated to Runway Growth Capital).
Under the Capital Gains Fee, we will pay Runway Growth Capital, as of the end of each calendar year, 20.0% of our aggregate cumulative realized capital gains, if any, from the date of our election to be regulated as a BDC through the end of that calendar year, computed net of our aggregate cumulative realized capital losses and aggregate cumulative unrealized capital depreciation
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through the end of such year, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid Capital Gains Fee. See “Management and Other Agreements.”
(6) | Interest payments on borrowed funds represents an estimate of our annualized interest expense based on borrowings under the Credit Agreement and the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes. The assumed weighted average interest rate on our total debt outstanding was 7.41%. Assumes we have on average $362 million outstanding under the Credit Agreement and average $240 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes outstanding. We may borrow additional funds from time to time to make investments to the extent we determine that the economic situation is conducive to doing so. We may also issue additional debt securities or preferred stock, subject to our compliance with applicable requirements under the 1940 Act. |
(7) | Includes our overhead expenses, such as payments under the Administration Agreement for certain expenses incurred by the Adviser. See “Management and Other Agreements.” We based these expenses on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
(8) | Estimated. |
Example
The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed we would have no additional leverage and that our annual operating expenses would remain at the levels set forth in the table above. Transaction expenses are included in the following example.
| 1 year |
| 3 years |
| 5 years |
| 10 years | |||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return from realized capital gains | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | |
The foregoing table is to assist you in understanding the various costs and expenses that an investor in our common stock will bear directly or indirectly. While the example assumes, as required by the SEC, a 5% annual return, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5%. Because the Income Incentive Fee under the Advisory Agreement is unlikely to be significant assuming a 5% annual return, the example assumes that the 5% annual return will be generated entirely through the realization of capital gains on our assets and, as a result, will trigger the payment of the Capital Gains Fee under the Advisory Agreement. The Income Incentive Fee under the Advisory Agreement, which, assuming a 5% annual return, would either not be payable or have an immaterial impact on the expense amounts shown above, is not included in the example. If we achieve sufficient returns on our investments, including through the realization of capital gains, to trigger an Income Incentive Fee of a material amount, our expenses, and returns to our investors, would be higher. In addition, while the example assumes reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value, if our Board authorizes and we declare a cash dividend, participants in our dividend reinvestment plan who have not otherwise elected to receive cash will receive a number of shares of our common stock, determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to a participant by the market price per share of our common stock at the close of trading on the valuation date for the dividend. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan” for additional information regarding our dividend reinvestment plan.
This example and the expenses in the table above should not be considered a representation of our future expenses, and actual expenses (including the cost of debt, if any, and other expenses) may be greater or less than those shown.
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Information regarding our financial highlights is incorporated by reference herein from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND OTHER DATA
The information in “Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” including the financial notes related thereto, of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in “Item 1. Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities” and “Item 1. Consolidated Statements of Operations,” including the financial notes related thereto, of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are incorporated by reference herein.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a number of significant risks. Before you invest in our securities, you should be aware of and carefully consider the various risks associated with the investment, including those described in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus we may authorize in connection with a specific offering, “Part I, Item IA. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, and any document incorporated by reference herein. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus we may authorize in connection with a specific offering, before you decide whether to make an investment in our securities. The risks set out and described in these documents are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not presently deemed material by us may also impair our business, operations and performance. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, you may lose all or part of your investment. Please also read carefully the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and any documents we may incorporate by reference herein contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors and undue reliance should not be placed thereon. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company, our current and prospective portfolio investments, our industry, our beliefs and opinions, and our assumptions. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “may,” “continue,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “targets,” “projects,” “outlook,” “potential,” “predicts” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements, including without limitation:
● | changes in political, economic or industry conditions, the interest rate environment or conditions affecting the financial and capital markets; |
● | an economic downturn or recession could impair our portfolio companies’ ability to continue to operate, which could lead to the loss of some or all of our investments in such portfolio companies; |
● | such an economic downturn could disproportionately impact the companies that we intend to target for investment, potentially causing us to experience a decrease in investment opportunities and diminished demand for capital from these companies; |
● | a contraction of available credit and/or an inability to access the equity markets that could impair our lending and investment activities; |
● | interest rate volatility that could adversely affect our results, particularly to the extent that we use leverage as part of our investment strategy; |
● | the impact of interest and inflation rates on our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies; |
● | our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies |
● | our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties; |
● | the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives; |
● | competition with other entities and our affiliates for investment opportunities; |
● | the speculative and illiquid nature of our investments; |
● | the use of borrowed money to finance a portion of our investments; |
● | the adequacy of our financing sources and working capital; |
● | the loss of key personnel and members of our management team; |
● | the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies |
● | the ability of our external investment adviser, Runway Growth Capital LLC, to locate suitable investments for us and to monitor and administer our investments; |
● | the ability of Runway Growth Capital LLC to attract and retain highly talented professionals; |
● | our ability to qualify and maintain our qualification as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, and as a BDC; |
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● | the occurrence of a disaster, such as a cyber-attack against us or against a third party that has access to our data or networks, a natural catastrophe, an industrial accident, failure of our disaster-recovery systems, or consequential employee error; |
● | the effect of legal, tax, and regulatory changes; and |
● | the other risks, uncertainties and other factors we identify under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC. |
Although we believe that the assumptions on which these forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could be inaccurate. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a projection or forward-looking statement in this prospectus, the prospectus supplement, any documents we may incorporate by reference herein, and any related free writing prospectus should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. These forward-looking statements apply only as of the dates of this prospectus, the prospectus supplement, any documents we may incorporate by reference herein, and any related free writing prospectus. Moreover, we assume no duty and do not undertake to update the forward-looking statements. Because we are an investment company, the forward-looking statements and projections contained in this prospectus are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by Section 21E of the Exchange Act.
20
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise specified in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our securities pursuant to this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, investing in accordance with our investment objective and strategy, repayment of any outstanding indebtedness, paying operating expenses and other general corporate purposes.
We anticipate that substantially all of the net proceeds of an offering of securities pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will be used for the above purposes within three months of any such offering, depending on the availability of appropriate investment opportunities consistent with our investment objective, but no longer than within six months of any such offerings.
Pending such uses and investments, we intend to invest any net proceeds from an offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality investment grade investments that mature in one year or less from the date of investment. The income we earn on such temporary investments generally will be less than what we would expect to receive from investments in the types of investments we intend to target. Our ability to achieve our investment objective may be limited to the extent that the net proceeds from an offering, pending full investment, are held in interest-bearing deposits or other short-term instruments. The prospectus supplement relating to an offering will more fully identify the use of proceeds from any offering.
21
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) on October 21, 2021, under the symbol “RWAY” in connection with our initial public offering of shares of our common stock. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Shares of BDCs may trade at a market price that is less than the value of the net assets attributable to those shares. The possibility that our shares of common stock will trade at a discount from net asset value (“NAV”) per share or at premiums that are unsustainable over the long term are separate and distinct from the risk that our NAV per share will decrease. It is not possible to predict whether our common stock will trade at, above, or below NAV per share. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to an Investment in Our Common Stock” in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. On March 17, 2025, the last reported closing sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq was $10.89 per share, which represented a discount of approximately
Prior to our initial public offering, the shares of our common stock were offered and sold in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act.
The following table sets forth the most recent fiscal quarter’s NAV per share of our common stock, the high and low closing sales prices of our common stock, such sales prices as a percentage of NAV per share and quarterly distribution per share.
High | Low | |||||||||||||||
Sale Price | Sale Price | |||||||||||||||
Premium | Premium | |||||||||||||||
Net | (Discount) | (Discount) | Cash | |||||||||||||
Asset | Price Range | to Net Asset | to Net Asset | Dividend | ||||||||||||
Class and Period |
| Value(1) |
| High |
| Low |
| Value(2) |
| Value(2) |
| Per Share(3) | ||||
Year ending December 31, 2025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
(through March 17, 2025) | $ | * | $ | | $ | |
| * | % | * | % | $ | * | |||
Year ending December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter | * | | | * | * | 0.40 | ||||||||||
Third Quarter | | | |
| ( | ( | 0.45 | |||||||||
Second Quarter | | | | | ( | 0.47 | ||||||||||
First Quarter | | | | | ( | 0.47 | ||||||||||
Year ending December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter | | | | ( | ( | 0.46 | ||||||||||
Third Quarter | | | | ( | ( | 0.45 | ||||||||||
Second Quarter | | | | ( | ( | 0.45 | ||||||||||
First Quarter | | | | ( | ( | 0.45 | ||||||||||
Year ending December 31, 2022 |
| |||||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter | | | | ( | ( | 0.36 | ||||||||||
Third Quarter | | | | ( | ( | 0.33 | ||||||||||
Second Quarter | | | | | ( | 0.30 | ||||||||||
First Quarter | | | |
| | ( | 0.27 |
*Not determined at time of filing
(1) | NAV per share is generally determined as of the last day in the relevant quarter and therefore may not reflect the NAV per share on the date of the high and low sales prices. The NAVs shown are based on outstanding shares at the end of each period. |
(2) | Calculated as the respective high or low closing sales price less net asset value, divided by net asset value (in each case, as of the applicable quarter). |
(3) | Represents the dividend or distribution declared in the relevant quarter. |
22
Distribution Policy
As a RIC, we must distribute an amount equal to at least the sum of (i) 90% of our investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term capital losses and other taxable income (other than any net capital gain), reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends and distributions paid and (ii) 90% of our net tax-exempt interest income (which is the excess of our gross tax-exempt interest income over certain disallowed deductions), or the “Annual Distribution Requirement.” We intend to distribute annually all or substantially all of such income. Generally, if we fail to meet this Annual Distribution Requirement for any taxable year, we will fail to qualify as a RIC for such taxable year. To the extent we meet the Annual Distribution Requirement for a taxable year, but retain our net capital gains for investment or any investment company taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such retained capital gains and investment company taxable income. We may choose to retain our net capital gains for investment or any investment company taxable income, and pay the associated U.S. federal income tax, including any nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax described below, if applicable.
We are subject to a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax on certain of our undistributed income, unless we timely distribute (or are deemed to have timely distributed) an amount equal to the sum of:
● | at least 98% of our ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year; |
● | at least 98.2% of our capital gain net income for a one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made by us to use our taxable year); and |
● | any net ordinary income and capital gain net income that we recognized for preceding years, but were not distributed during such years, and on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax. |
While we intend to distribute any income and capital gains in order to avoid imposition of this nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax, we may not be successful in avoiding entirely the imposition of this tax. In that case, we will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which we do not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
We are authorized to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy distribution requirements. However, under the 1940 Act, we are not permitted to make distributions to our stockholders while any senior securities are outstanding unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios. See “- Regulation as a Business Development Company - Senior Securities.” In our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, our ability to dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements may be limited by (1) the illiquid nature of our portfolio and/or (2) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or to avoid the 4% U.S. federal excise tax, we may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous.
A RIC is limited in its ability to deduct expenses in excess of its “investment company taxable income” (which is, generally, ordinary income plus the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses). If our expenses in a given year exceed investment company taxable income, we would experience a net operating loss for that year. However, a RIC is not permitted to carry forward net operating losses to subsequent years. In addition, expenses can be used only to offset investment company taxable income, not net capital gain. Due to these limits on the deductibility of expenses, we may, for tax purposes, have aggregate taxable income for several years that we are required to distribute and that is taxable to our stockholders even if such income is greater than the aggregate net income we actually earned during those years. Such required distributions may be made from our cash assets or by liquidation of investments, if necessary. We may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event we realize net capital gains from such transactions, stockholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would have received in the absence of such transactions.
23
Dividends Declared
The following table reflects the distributions declared on shares of our common stock during the nine months period ended September 30, 2024:
|
| Distribution | |||||
Date Declared | Record Date |
| Payment Date | per Share | |||
February 1, 2024 | February 12, 2024 | February 28, 2024 | $ | 0.47 | |||
April 30, 2024 | May 10, 2024 | May 24, 2024 | $ | 0.47 | |||
July 30, 2024 | August 12, 2024 | August 26, 2024 | $ | 0.45 |
The following table reflects the distributions declared on shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023:
|
|
| Distribution | ||||
Date Declared |
| Record Date |
| Payment Date |
| per Share | |
February 23, 2023 | March 7, 2023 | March 21, 2023 |
| $ | 0.45 | ||
May 2, 2023 | May 15, 2023 | May 31, 2023 |
| $ | 0.45 | ||
August 1, 2023 | August 15, 2023 | August 31, 2023 | $ | 0.45 | |||
November 1, 2023 | November 13, 2023 | November 28, 2023 |
| $ | 0.46 |
The following table reflects the distributions declared on shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2022:
|
|
| Distribution | ||||
Date Declared |
| Record Date |
| Payment Date |
| per Share | |
February 24, 2022 | March 8, 2022 | March 22, 2022 | $ | 0.27 | |||
April 28, 2022 | May 10, 2022 | May 24, 2022 | $ | 0.30 | |||
July 28, 2022 | August 9, 2022 | August 23, 2022 | $ | 0.33 | |||
October 27, 2022 | November 8, 2022 | November 22, 2022 | $ | 0.36 |
The following table reflects the distributions declared on shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021:
|
|
| Distribution | ||||
Date Declared |
| Record Date |
| Payment Date |
| per Share | |
March 4, 2021 | March 5, 2021 | March 19, 2021 | $ | 0.37 | |||
April 29, 2021 | April 30, 2021 | May 13, 2021 | $ | 0.37 | |||
July 19, 2021 | July 20, 2021 | August 12, 2021 | $ | 0.34 | |||
October 28, 2021 | November 8, 2021 | November 22, 2021 | $ | 0.25 |
The following table reflects the distributions declared on shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2020:
|
|
| Distribution | ||||
Date Declared |
| Record Date |
| Payment Date |
| per Share | |
March 5, 2021 | March 6, 2020 | March 20, 2020 | $ | 0.40 | |||
May 7, 2020 | May 8, 2020 | May 21, 2020 | $ | 0.35 | |||
August 5, 2020 | August 6, 2020 | August 20, 2020 | $ | 0.36 | |||
October 1, 2020 | October 1, 2020 | November 12, 2020 | $ | 0.38 |
24
The following table reflects the distributions declared on shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019:
Distribution | |||||||
Date Declared |
| Record Date |
| Payment Date |
| per Share | |
March 22, 2019 | March 22, 2019 | March 26, 2019 | $ | 0.40 | |||
March 22, 2019 | May 7, 2019 | May 21, 2019 | $ | 0.45 | |||
May 2, 2019 | May 31, 2019 | July 16, 2019 | $ | 0.46 | |||
July 30, 2019 | August 8, 2019 | August 26, 2019 | $ | 0.45 | |||
September 27, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | November 12, 2019 | $ | 0.04 | |||
December 9, 2019 | December 10, 2019 | December 23, 2019 | $ | 0.40 |
The following table reflects the distributions declared on shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2018:
Distribution | |||||||
Date Declared |
| Record Date |
| Payment Date |
| per Share | |
May 3, 2018 | May 15, 2018 | May 31, 2018 | $ | 0.15 | |||
July 26, 2018 | August 15, 2018 | August 31, 2018 | $ | 0.25 | |||
November 1, 2018 | October 31, 2018 | November 15, 2018 | $ | 0.35 |
Dividend Reinvestment
We have adopted an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan for our stockholders. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”
25
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The information contained in “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in “Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are incorporated by reference herein and should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, our financial statements and notes thereto included in such Annual Report on Form 10-K and such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as applicable.
26
BUSINESS
The information contained in “Part I, Item 1. Business,” “Part I, Item 2. Properties” and “Part I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in “Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings” of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are incorporated herein by reference.
SENIOR SECURITIES
Information about our senior securities as of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018 is located in Part II, Item 8, Note 7 - Borrowings in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement of which this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus is part. The report of RSM US, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, on the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, which include the senior securities table, is included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement of which this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus is part.
Information about our senior securities is shown in the following table as of September 30, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023 (in thousands).
Total Amount | ||||||||||
Outstanding | Involuntary | |||||||||
Exclusive of | Asset | Liquidating | Average | |||||||
| Treasury |
| Coverage |
| Preference |
| Market Value | |||
Class and Period |
| Securities(1) |
| per Unit(2) |
| per Unit(3) |
| per Unit(4) | ||
2027 Notes | ||||||||||
September 30, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2023 | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2022 | $ | | $ | |
| — |
| N/A | ||
December 31, 2021 | $ | — | $ | — |
| — |
| N/A | ||
December 31, 2020 | $ | — | $ | — |
| — |
| N/A | ||
December 31, 2019 | $ | — | $ | — |
| — |
| N/A | ||
December 31, 2018 | $ | — | $ | — |
| — |
| N/A | ||
2026 Notes |
|
| ||||||||
September 30, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2023 | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2022 | $ | | $ | |
| — |
| N/A | ||
December 31, 2021 | $ | | $ | |
| — |
| N/A | ||
December 31, 2020 | $ | — | $ | — | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2019 | $ | — | $ | — | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2018 | $ | — | $ | — | — |
| N/A | |||
Credit Facility |
| |||||||||
September 30, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2023 | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2022 | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2021 | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2020 | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2019 | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2018 | $ | — | $ | — | — |
| N/A | |||
Credit Facility - CIBC(5) |
| |||||||||
September 30, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | — | $ | — | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2023 | $ | — | $ | — | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2022 | $ | — | $ | — | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2021 | $ | — | $ | — | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2020 | $ | — | $ | — | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2019 | $ | — | $ | — | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2018 | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
Total | ||||||||||
September 30, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | | $ | | — |
| N/A | |||
December 31, 2023 | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2022 | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2021 | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2020 | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2019 | $ | | $ | | — | N/A | ||||
December 31, 2018 | $ | | $ | | — | N/A |
27
(1) | Total amount of each class of senior securities outstanding. |
(2) | Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the carrying value of total assets, less all liabilities excluding indebtedness represented by senior securities in this table to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness and is calculated on a consolidated basis. |
(3) | The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon the Company’s involuntary liquidation in preference to any security junior to it. The “-“ in this column indicates information that the SEC expressly does not require to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities. |
(4) | Not applicable because the senior securities are not registered for public trading. |
(5) | On June 22, 2018, the Company entered into the credit facility with CIBC. On May 31, 2019, in conjunction with securing and entering into the new Credit Facility, the Company terminated the credit facility with CIBC. |
28
PORTFOLIO COMPANIES
The following table sets forth certain information regarding each of the portfolio companies in which we had a debt or equity investment as of September 30, 2024. We may receive rights to observe the meetings of our portfolio companies’ board of directors. Other than these investments, our only relationship with our portfolio companies are the managerial assistance we may separately provide to our portfolio companies, which services would be ancillary to our investments. As of September 30, 2024, one representative of the Adviser held positions on the board of directors of Snagajob.com, Inc., Coginiti Corp, and Gynesonics, Inc. As of September 30, 2024, the Adviser held responsibility for all managerial responsibilities of Pivot 3, Inc. As of September 30, 2024, with the exception of Pivot3, Inc., we did not “control” any of our portfolio companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As of September 30, 2024, with the exception of Coginiti Corp, and Gynesonics, Inc., we are not an “affiliate” of any of our portfolio companies, each as defined in the 1940 Act. In general, under the 1940 Act, we would “control” a portfolio company if we owned 25% or more of its voting securities and would be an “affiliate” of a portfolio company if we owned five percent or more of its voting securities.
29
Runway Growth Finance Corp.
Schedule of Investments
September 30, 2024
(In thousands, except per share data)
Percentage of | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment | Class Held on a | Fair | ||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Company |
| Address |
| Investment Type |
| Description |
| Maturity Date |
| Principal ($) |
| Shares |
| Fully Diluted Basis |
| Cost ($) |
| Value ($) |
Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments | ||||||||||||||||||
Debt Investments | ||||||||||||||||||
Application Software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Airship Group, Inc. |
| 1225 West Burnside Suite 401 Portland, OR 97209 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+3.75%, 9.08% floor, 3.00% PIK, 3.25% ETP |
| 6/15/2028 |
| 48,759 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 48,005 |
| 47,952 |
Blueshift Labs, Inc. |
| 433 California Street Suite 800 8th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+6.25%, 11.25% floor, 2.00% PIK, 1.50% ETP |
| 12/15/2028 |
| 25,886 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 25,573 |
| 23,777 |
Circadence Corporation |
| 1900 9th Street Suite 300 Boulder, CO 80302 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+9.50%, 12.26% floor, 7.50% ETP |
| 12/15/2025 |
| 23,752 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 25,102 |
| 20,034 |
FiscalNote, Inc. |
| 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue North West 6th Floor Washington, DC 20004 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| PRIME+5.00%, 9.00% floor, 1.00% PIK, 5.75% ETP |
| 7/15/2027 |
| 38,896 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 40,827 |
| 37,872 |
Snap! Mobile, Inc. |
| 8300 7th Avenue South Seattle, WA 98108 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+7.50%, 12.10% floor, 3.83% ETP |
| 9/30/2028 |
| 18,000 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 17,431 |
| 17,431 |
VTX Intermediate Holdings, Inc. (dba VertexOne) |
| 1321 Upland Drive Suite 8389 Houston, TX 77043 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+9.00%, 9.50% floor, 10.00% cash cap, 4.50% ETP |
| 12/28/2026 |
| 91,086 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 92,497 |
| 89,313 |
Total Application Software - 46.59%* |
| 249,435 | 236,379 | |||||||||||||||
Asset Management & Custody Banks | ||||||||||||||||||
Betterment Holdings, Inc. |
| 450 West 33rd Street Eleventh Floor New York, NY 10001 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| PRIME+4.50%, 8.50% floor |
| 10/6/2027 |
| 8,000 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 7,905 |
| 8,058 |
Total Asset Management & Custody Banks - 1.59%* |
| 7,905 | 8,058 | |||||||||||||||
Data Processing & Outsourced Services | ||||||||||||||||||
Elevate Services, Inc. |
| 2375 East Camelback Road Suite 690 Phoenix, AZ 85016 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+7.50%, 12.78% floor |
| 7/10/2027 |
| 26,000 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 25,244 |
| 26,186 |
Interactions Corporation |
| 31 Hayward Street Suite E Franklin, MA 02038 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+9.26%, 9.76% floor, 3.4375% ETP |
| 6/15/2027 |
| 40,000 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 40,236 |
| 39,723 |
Predactiv, Inc. (fka Sharethis, Inc.) |
| 3000 El Camino Real Building 4, Suite 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+9.25%, 11.86% floor, 4.00% ETP |
| 10/31/2024 |
| 17,678 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 18,302 |
| 18,506 |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+8.25%, 10.86% floor, 4.00% ETP |
| 10/31/2024 |
| 842 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 872 |
| 881 | |||
Vesta Payment Solutions, Inc. |
| 5400 Meadows Road, 5th Floor Lake Oswego, OR 97035 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+7.00%, 9.00% floor, 5.00% ETP |
| 11/15/2026 |
| 25,000 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 25,291 |
| 22,441 |
Total Data Processing & Outsourced Services - 21.23%* |
| 109,945 | 107,737 | |||||||||||||||
Electronic Equipment & Instruments | ||||||||||||||||||
Brivo, Inc. |
| 7700 Old Georgetown Road Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20814 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| SOFR+6.85%, 10.89% floor, 3.00% ETP |
| 10/20/2027 |
| 32,293 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 32,424 |
| 32,725 |
Total Electronic Equipment & Instruments - 6.45%* |
| 32,424 | 32,725 | |||||||||||||||
Healthcare Equipment | ||||||||||||||||||
Moximed, Inc. |
| 46602 Landing Parkway Fremont, CA 94538 United States |
| Senior Secured |
| PRIME+5.25%, 8.75% floor, 3.50% ETP |
| 7/1/2027 |
| 15,000 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 15,038 |
| 15,350 |
Total Healthcare Equipment - 3.03%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 15,038 |
| 15,350 |
*Value as percentage of net assets
30
Percentage of | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment | Class Held on a | Fair | ||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Company |
| Address |
| Investment Type |
| Description |
| Maturity Date |
| Principal ($) |
| Shares |
| Fully Diluted Basis |
| Cost ($) |
| Value ($) |
Healthcare Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBR Systems, Inc. |
| 480 Oakmead Parkway Sunnyvale, CA 94085 United States |
| Senior Secured | PRIME+4.90%, 8.90% floor, 4.50% ETP | 6/15/2027 | 40,000 | N/A | N/A | 39,900 | 40,067 | |||||||
Mingle Healthcare Solutions, Inc. |
| 8911 South Sandy Parkway Suite 200 Sandy, UT 84070 United States |
| Senior Secured | SOFR+9.75%, 12.26% floor, 10.50% ETP | 12/15/2026 | 4,322 | N/A | N/A | 4,952 | 2,609 | |||||||
Nalu Medical, Inc. |
| 2320 Faraday Avenue Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008 United States |
| Senior Secured | PRIME+2.70%, 6.70% floor, 2.00% PIK, 4.50% ETP | 10/12/2027 | 20,797 | N/A | N/A | 20,884 | 21,355 | |||||||
Onward Medical, N.V. |
| Schimmelt 2 5611 ZX Eindhoven Netherlands |
| Senior Secured | SOFR+6.50%, 10.75% floor, 2.50% ETP | 6/15/2028 | 17,088 | N/A | N/A | 16,630 | 16,630 | |||||||
Route 92 Medical, Inc. |
| 155 Bovet Road Suite 100 San Mateo, CA 94402 United States |
| Senior Secured | SOFR+8.48%, 8.98% floor, 3.95% ETP | 7/1/2026 | 35,000 | N/A | N/A | 34,787 | 35,664 | |||||||
SetPoint Medical Corporation |
| 25101 Rye Canyon Loop Valencia, CA 91355 United States |
| Senior Secured | SOFR+5.75%, 9.00% floor, 4.00% ETP | 12/1/2027 | 25,000 | N/A | N/A | 25,180 | 25,760 | |||||||
Total Healthcare Technology - 28.00%* |
| 142,333 | 142,085 | |||||||||||||||
Human Resource & Employment Services | ||||||||||||||||||
Snagajob.com, Inc. |
| 50 Milk Street Boston, MA 02109 United States |
| Senior Secured | SOFR+8.50% PIK, 9.00% floor, 2.75% ETP | 9/1/2025 | 42,297 | N/A | N/A | 42,739 | 37,325 | |||||||
Total Human Resource & Employment Services - 7.36%* |
| 42,739 | 37,325 | |||||||||||||||
Internet & Direct Marketing Retail | ||||||||||||||||||
Madison Reed, Inc. | 430 Shotwell Street San Francisco, CA 94110 United States | Senior Secured | PRIME+4.75%, 11.00% floor, 11.00% cash cap, 3.00% ETP | 12/16/2026 | 16,159 | N/A | N/A | 16,089 | 16,210 | |||||||||
Marley Spoon SE | Paul-Lincke-Ufer 39-40 10999 Berlin, Germany | Senior Secured | SOFR+7.50%, 8.26% floor, 1.25% PIK, 1.00% ETP | 6/15/2027 | 38,295 | N/A | N/A | 38,258 | 36,753 | |||||||||
Total Internet & Direct Marketing Retail - 10.44%* | 54,347 | 52,963 | ||||||||||||||||
Internet Software and Services | ||||||||||||||||||
Bombora, Inc. |
| 102 Madison Avenue Floor 5 New York, NY 10016 United States | Senior Secured | SOFR+4.75%, 6.75% floor, 3.25% PIK, 0.96% ETP | 1/15/2028 | 28,674 | N/A | N/A | 28,620 | 28,413 | ||||||||
CarNow, Inc. |
| 1100 Circle 75 Parkway Suite 800 Atlanta, GA 30339 United States | Senior Secured | SOFR+7.25%, 11.75% floor, 1.60% ETP | 3/22/2029 | 20,000 | N/A | N/A | 17,619 | 17,698 | ||||||||
Skillshare, Inc. |
| 215 Park Avenue South 11th Floor New York, NY 10003 United States | Senior Secured | SOFR+6.50%, 10.72% floor, 3.00% ETP | 11/8/2026 | 30,000 | N/A | N/A | 30,144 | 29,502 | ||||||||
Synack, Inc. | 303 Twin Dolphin Drive, 6th Floor Redwood City, CA 94065 United States | Senior Secured | SOFR+7.00%, 11.07% floor, 1.00% ETP | 12/29/2028 | 40,000 | N/A | N/A | 39,844 | 39,893 | |||||||||
Zinnia Corporate Holdings, LLC |
| 5801 Southwest 6th Avenue Topeka, KS 66636 United States | Senior Secured | SOFR+8.00%, 10.00% floor | 9/21/2029 | 40,000 | N/A | N/A | 39,202 | 39,202 | ||||||||
Total Internet Software and Services - 30.49%* |
| 155,429 | 154,708 | |||||||||||||||
Property & Casualty Insurance | ||||||||||||||||||
Kin Insurance, Inc. | 222 Merchandise Mart Plaza Suite 228 Chicago, IL 60654 United States | Senior Secured | PRIME+6.25%, 12.50% floor, 3.30% ETP | 9/15/2026 | 75,000 | N/A | N/A | 75,675 | 76,125 | |||||||||
Total Property & Casualty Insurance - 15.00%* | 75,675 | 76,125 | ||||||||||||||||
System Software | ||||||||||||||||||
3PL Central LLC (dba Extensiv) | 100 North Pacific Coast Highway Suite 1100 El Segundo, CA 90245 United States | Senior Secured | SOFR+4.50%, 6.50% floor, 2.50% PIK, 2.34% ETP | 11/9/2027 | 71,751 | N/A | N/A | 71,741 | 69,333 | |||||||||
Linxup, LLC | 424 South Woods Mill Road Suite 210 Saint Louis, MO 63017 United States | Senior Secured | PRIME+3.25%, 11.75% floor, 2.25% ETP | 11/15/2027 | 30,000 | N/A | N/A | 29,703 | 30,556 | |||||||||
Dejero Labs Inc. | 410 Albert Street Suite 200 Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3V3 Canada | Second Lien | SOFR+8.00%, 8.50% floor, 2.00% PIK, 3.00% ETP | 12/22/2025 | 14,390 | N/A | N/A | 14,590 | 14,501 | |||||||||
Total System Software - 22.55%* | 116,034 | 114,390 | ||||||||||||||||
Total Debt Investments - 192.73%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1,001,304 | 977,845 |
*Value as percentage of net assets
31
|
|
|
|
|
| Percentage of |
|
| ||||||||||
Investment | Class Held on a |
| ||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Company |
| Address |
| Type |
| Investment Description |
| Maturity Date |
| Principal ($) |
| Shares |
| Fully Diluted Basis |
| Cost ($) |
| Fair Value ($) |
Equity Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advertising |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minute Media Inc. |
| 10 Northburgh St, London EC1V 0AT, United Kingdom |
| Equity |
| Preferred Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 1,039 |
| N/A |
| 120 |
| 125 |
| Equity |
| Common Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 136 |
| N/A |
| 16 |
| 14 | |||
Total Advertising - 0.02%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 136 |
| 139 |
Application Software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aria Systems, Inc. |
| 575 Market Street 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94105 United States |
| Equity |
| Series G Preferred Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 289,419 |
| N/A |
| 250 |
| 250 |
FiscalNote, Inc. |
| 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue North West 6th Floor Washington, DC 20004 United States |
| Equity |
| Common Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 230,881 |
| 0.16 | % | 438 |
| 296 |
Total Application Software - 0.11%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 688 |
| 546 |
Healthcare Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CareCloud, Inc. |
| 7 Clyde Road Somerset Franklin Township, NJ 08873 United States |
| Equity |
| 11% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 462,064 |
| N/A |
| 12,132 |
| 5,526 |
Total Healthcare Technology - 1.09%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 12,132 |
| 5,526 |
Human Resource & Employment Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Snagajob.com, Inc. |
| 50 Milk Street Boston, MA 02109 United States |
| Equity |
| Convertible Note |
| 12/31/2026 |
| N/A |
| 1,696 |
| N/A |
| 1,696 |
| — |
Total Human Resource & Employment Services - 0.00%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1,696 |
| — |
Internet & Direct Marketing Retail |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marley Spoon SE |
| Paul-Lincke-Ufer 39-40 10999 Berlin, Germany |
| Equity |
| Common Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 46,004 |
| 0.22 | % | 410 |
| 60 |
Total Internet & Direct Marketing Retail - 0.01%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 410 |
| 60 |
Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quantum Corporation |
| 224 Airport Parkway Suite 550 San Jose, CA 95110 United States |
| Equity |
| Common Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 22,986 |
| N/A |
| 2,607 |
| 80 |
zSpace, Inc. |
| 490 De Guigne Drive, Suite 200 Sunnyvale, CA 94085 United States |
| Equity |
| Common Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 6,078,499 |
| N/A |
| 1,119 |
| — |
Total Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals - 0.02%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3,726 |
| 80 |
Total Equity Investments - 1.25%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 18,788 |
| 6,351 |
Warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application Software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3DNA Corp. (dba NationBuilder) |
| PO Box 811428 Los Angeles, CA 90081 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series C-1 Preferred Stock |
| 12/28/2028 |
| N/A |
| 273,164 |
| N/A |
| 104 |
| — |
Airship Group, Inc. |
| 1225 West Burnside Suite 401 Portland, OR 97209 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series F Preferred Stock |
| 6/28/2034 |
| N/A |
| 519,313 |
| N/A |
| 414 |
| 450 |
Aria Systems, Inc. |
| 575 Market Street 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94105 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series G Preferred Stock |
| 6/29/2028 |
| N/A |
| 2,387,705 |
| N/A |
| 1,048 |
| 1,133 |
Blueshift Labs, Inc. |
| 433 California Street Suite 800 8th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 United States |
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 167 |
| 188 |
Circadence Corporation |
| 1900 9th Street Suite 300 Boulder, CO 80302 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series A-6 Preferred Stock |
| 12/20/2028 |
| N/A |
| 1,538,462 |
| N/A |
| 3,630 |
| 229 |
| Warrants |
| Series A-6 Preferred Stock |
| 10/31/2029 |
| N/A |
| 384,615 |
| N/A |
| 846 |
| 57 | |||
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 304 |
| 287 | |||
Dtex Systems, Inc. |
| 19630 Allendale Avenue Suite 2218 Saratoga, CA 95070 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series C-Prime Preferred Stock |
| 6/1/2025 |
| N/A |
| 500,000 |
| N/A |
| 59 |
| 731 |
| Warrants |
| Series C-Prime Preferred Stock |
| 7/11/2026 |
| N/A |
| 833,333 |
| N/A |
| 115 |
| 1,218 | |||
FiscalNote, Inc. |
| 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue North West 6th Floor Washington, DC 20004 United States |
| Warrants |
| Earnout |
| 7/29/2027 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 127 |
| 14 |
Snap! Mobile, Inc. |
| 8300 7th Avenue South Seattle, WA 98108 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series B Preferred Stock |
| 9/30/2034 |
| N/A |
| 19,140 |
| N/A |
| 345 |
| 345 |
Total Application Software - 0.92%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7,159 |
| 4,652 |
Asset Management & Custody Banks |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betterment Holdings, Inc. |
| 450 West 33rd Street Eleventh Floor New York, NY 10001 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 10/6/2033 |
| N/A |
| 7,680 |
| N/A |
| 35 |
| 63 |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 10/6/2033 |
| N/A |
| 9,818 |
| N/A |
| 40 |
| 74 | |||
Total Asset Management & Custody Banks - 0.03%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 75 |
| 137 |
*Value as percentage of net assets
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Percentage of Class |
|
| |||||||||
Investment | Held on a Fully | |||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Company |
| Address |
| Type |
| Investment Description |
| Maturity Date |
| Principal ($) |
| Shares |
| Diluted Basis |
| Cost ($) |
| Fair Value ($) |
Biotechnology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mustang Bio, Inc. |
| 377 Plantation Street Worcester, MA 01605 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 3/4/2032 |
| N/A |
| 49,869 |
| N/A |
| 315 |
| 9 |
TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
| 4350 La Jolla Village Drive Suite 800 San Diego, CA 92122 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 9/2/2032 |
| N/A |
| 7,538 |
| N/A |
| 226 |
| — |
Total Biotechnology - 0.00%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 541 |
| 9 |
Computer & Electronics Retail |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Massdrop, Inc. |
| 115 North McCarthy Boulevard Milpitas, CA 95035 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series B Preferred Stock |
| 7/22/2029 |
| N/A |
| 848,093 |
| N/A |
| 183 |
| — |
Total Computer & Electronics Retail - 0.00%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 183 |
| — |
Data Processing & Outsourced Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Elevate Services, Inc. |
| 2375 East Camelback Road Suite 690 Phoenix, AZ 85016 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series C Preferred Stock |
| 7/10/2033 |
| N/A |
| 248,997 |
| N/A |
| 447 |
| 444 |
| Warrants |
| Series C Preferred Stock |
| 7/17/2034 |
| N/A |
| 74,700 |
| N/A |
| 118 |
| 133 | |||
Interactions Corporation |
| 31 Hayward Street Suite E Franklin, MA 02038 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 6/24/2032 |
| N/A |
| 189,408 |
| N/A |
| 219 |
| 16 |
Predactiv, Inc. (fka Sharethis, Inc.) |
| 3000 El Camino Real Building 4, Suite 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series D-3 Preferred Stock |
| 12/3/2028 |
| N/A |
| 647,615 |
| N/A |
| 2,162 |
| 132 |
Total Data Processing & Outsourced Services - 0.14%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2,946 |
| 725 |
Electronic Equipment & Instruments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brivo, Inc. |
| 7700 Old Georgetown Road Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20814 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series A-2 Preferred Stock |
| 10/20/2032 |
| N/A |
| 201,000 |
| N/A |
| 98 |
| 154 |
Epic IO Technologies, Inc. |
| 3463 Lakemont Boulevard Suite 104 Fort Mill, SC 29708 United States |
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| 12/17/2028 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 505 |
| 343 |
Total Electronic Equipment & Instruments - 0.10%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 603 |
| 497 |
Healthcare Equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moximed, Inc. |
| 46602 Landing Parkway Fremont, CA 94538 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series C Preferred Stock |
| 6/24/2032 |
| N/A |
| 214,285 |
| N/A |
| 175 |
| 11 |
Revelle Aesthetics, Inc. |
| 2570 West El Camino Real Suite 310 Mountain View, CA 94040 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series A-2 Preferred Stock |
| 3/30/2032 |
| N/A |
| 115,591 |
| N/A |
| 126 |
| 27 |
Total Healthcare Equipment - 0.01%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 301 |
| 38 |
Healthcare Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allurion Technologies, Inc. |
| 11 Huron Drive Natick, MA 01760 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 3/30/2031 |
| N/A |
| 132,979 |
| N/A |
| 282 |
| 1 |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 3/30/2031 |
| N/A |
| 46,256 |
| N/A |
| 141 |
| — | |||
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 9/15/2032 |
| N/A |
| 46,256 |
| N/A |
| 144 |
| — | |||
| Warrants |
| Earnout |
| 8/1/2028 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| — |
| 1 | |||
EBR Systems, Inc. |
| 480 Oakmead Parkway Sunnyvale, CA 94085 United States |
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| 6/30/2032 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 605 |
| 633 |
Mingle Healthcare Solutions, Inc. |
| 8911 South Sandy Parkway Suite 200 Sandy, UT 84070 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series CC Preferred Stock |
| 8/15/2028 |
| N/A |
| 1,770,973 |
| N/A |
| 492 |
| — |
Nalu Medical, Inc. |
| 2320 Faraday Avenue Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series D-2 Preferred Stock |
| 10/12/2032 |
| N/A |
| 91,717 |
| N/A |
| 173 |
| 74 |
Onward Medical, N.V. |
| Schimmelt 2 5611 ZX Eindhoven Netherlands |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 9/26/2034 |
| N/A |
| 165,338 |
| N/A |
| 340 |
| 376 |
Route 92 Medical, Inc. |
| 155 Bovet Road Suite 100 San Mateo, CA 94402 United States |
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| 8/17/2031 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 835 |
| 847 |
SetPoint Medical Corporation |
| 25101 Rye Canyon Loop Valencia, CA 91355 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series B Preferred Stock |
| 6/29/2031 |
| N/A |
| 400,000 |
| N/A |
| 14 |
| 190 |
| Warrants |
| Series B Preferred Stock |
| 12/29/2032 |
| N/A |
| 600,000 |
| N/A |
| 74 |
| 285 | |||
VERO Biotech LLC |
| 387 Technology Circle North West Suite 125 Atlanta, GA 30313 United States |
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| 12/29/2025 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 377 |
| 137 |
Total Healthcare Technology - 0.50%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3,477 |
| 2,544 |
Human Resource & Employment Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CloudPay, Inc. |
| Kingsgate House, Newbury Road Andover SP10 4DU England, United Kingdom |
| Warrants |
| Series B Preferred Stock |
| 6/30/2030 |
| N/A |
| 11,273 |
| N/A |
| 218 |
| 1,316 |
| Warrants |
| Series D Preferred Stock |
| 8/17/2031 |
| N/A |
| 3,502 |
| N/A |
| 52 |
| 83 | |||
| Warrants |
| Series D Preferred Stock |
| 9/26/2032 |
| N/A |
| 5,252 |
| N/A |
| 176 |
| 125 | |||
Snagajob.com, Inc. |
| 50 Milk Street Boston, MA 02109 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series B-1 Preferred Stock |
| 9/29/2031 |
| N/A |
| 763,269 |
| N/A |
| 343 |
| — |
Total Human Resource & Employment Services - 0.30%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 789 |
| 1,524 |
*Value as percentage of net assets
33
Percentage of | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment | Class Held on a | |||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Company |
| Address |
| Type |
| Investment Description |
| Maturity Date |
| Principal ($) |
| Shares |
| Fully Diluted Basis |
| Cost ($) |
| Fair Value ($) |
Internet & Direct Marketing Retail | ||||||||||||||||||
Madison Reed, Inc. | 430 Shotwell Street San Francisco, CA 94110 United States | Warrants | Success fee | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 209 | 177 | |||||||||
Total Internet & Direct Marketing Retail - 0.03%* | 209 | 177 | ||||||||||||||||
Internet Software and Services | ||||||||||||||||||
Bombora, Inc. | 102 Madison Avenue Floor 5 New York, NY 10016 United States | Warrants | Common Stock | 3/31/2031 | N/A | 121,581 | N/A | 174 | 115 | |||||||||
Warrants | Common Stock | 12/26/2033 | N/A | 48,632 | N/A | 43 | 46 | |||||||||||
CarNow, Inc. |
| 1100 Circle 75 Parkway Suite 800 Atlanta, GA 30339 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 3/22/2034 |
| N/A |
| 200,000 |
| N/A |
| 2,400 |
| 2,720 |
Fidelis Cybersecurity, Inc. |
| 4500 East West, Hwy Bethesda, MD 20814 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 3/25/2032 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 79 |
| — |
INRIX, Inc. |
| 10210 North East Points Drive Suite 400 Kirkland, WA 98033 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 7/26/2029 |
| N/A |
| 150,804 |
| N/A |
| 522 |
| 374 |
Longtail Ad Solutions, Inc. (dba JW Player) |
| 530 7th Avenue Suite 1906 New York, NY 10018 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 12/12/2029 |
| N/A |
| 387,596 |
| N/A |
| 47 |
| 315 |
Skillshare, Inc. |
| 215 Park Avenue South 11th Floor New York, NY 10003 United States |
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 301 |
| 405 |
Synack, Inc. |
| 303 Twin Dolphin Drive, 6th Floor Redwood City, CA 94065 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 6/30/2032 |
| N/A |
| 116,908 |
| N/A |
| 147 |
| 175 |
Total Internet Software and Services - 0.82%* |
| 3,713 |
| 4,150 | ||||||||||||||
Property & Casualty Insurance | ||||||||||||||||||
Kin Insurance, Inc. |
| 222 Merchandise Mart Plaza Suite 228 Chicago, IL 60654 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series D-3 Preferred Stock |
| 9/26/2032 |
| N/A |
| 41,576 |
| N/A |
| 302 |
| 322 |
|
| Warrants | Series D-3 Preferred Stock |
| 9/26/2032 |
| N/A |
| 11,549 |
| N/A | 69 |
| 89 | ||||
|
| Warrants | Series D-3 Preferred Stock |
| 9/26/2032 |
| N/A |
| 9,239 |
| N/A | 55 |
| 72 | ||||
Total Property & Casualty Insurance - 0.10%* |
| 426 |
| 483 | ||||||||||||||
Specialized Consumer Services | ||||||||||||||||||
AllClear ID, Inc. |
| 9600 Escarpment Boulevard Suite 745 Number 225 Austin, TX 78749 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 8/31/2027 |
| N/A |
| 523,893 |
| N/A |
| 1,053 |
| — |
|
| Warrants | Common Stock |
| 8/31/2027 |
| N/A |
| 346,621 |
| N/A | 697 |
| — | ||||
Credit Sesame, Inc. |
| 444 Castro Street Suite 500 Mountain View, CA 94041 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 1/7/2030 |
| N/A |
| 191,601 |
| N/A |
| 425 |
| 365 |
Total Specialized Consumer Services - 0.07%* |
| 2,175 |
| 365 | ||||||||||||||
System Software | ||||||||||||||||||
Dejero Labs Inc. |
| 410 Albert Street Suite 200 Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3V3 Canada |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 5/31/2029 |
| N/A |
| 333,621 |
| N/A |
| 192 |
| 279 |
Linxup, LLC |
| 424 South Woods Mill Road Suite 210 Saint Louis, MO 63017 United States |
| Warrants |
| Success fee |
| 11/3/2033 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 253 |
| 247 |
Scale Computing, Inc. |
| 525 South Meridian Suite 3E Indianapolis, IN 46225 United States |
| Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 3/29/2029 |
| N/A |
| 9,665,667 |
| N/A |
| 346 |
| — |
Total System Software - 0.10%* |
| 791 |
| 526 | ||||||||||||||
Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals | ||||||||||||||||||
RealWear, Inc. |
| 600 Hatheway Road Suite 105 Vancouver, WA 98661 United States |
| Warrants |
| Series A Preferred Stock |
| 10/5/2028 |
| N/A |
| 112,451 |
| N/A |
| 136 |
| 180 |
|
| Warrants | Series A Preferred Stock |
| 12/28/2028 |
| N/A |
| 22,491 |
| N/A | 25 |
| 36 | ||||
|
| Warrants | Series A Preferred Stock |
| 6/27/2029 |
| N/A |
| 123,894 |
| N/A | 381 |
| 166 | ||||
Total Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals - 0.08%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 542 |
| 382 | |||
Total Warrants - 3.20%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 23,930 |
| 16,209 | |||
Total Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments - 197.18%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1,044,022 |
| 1,000,405 |
*Value as percentage of net assets
34
Percentage of | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment | Class Held on a | |||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Company |
| Address | Type |
| Investment Description |
| Maturity Date |
| Principal ($) |
| Shares |
| Fully Diluted Basis |
| Cost ($) |
| Fair Value ($) | |||
Affiliate Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Debt Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Healthcare Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Gynesonics, Inc. | 600 Chesapeake Drive Redwood City, CA 94063 United States | Senior Secured | SOFR+8.75%, 8.00% ceiling, 5.00% ETP | 11/30/2026 | 25,595 | N/A | N/A | 26,147 | 26,041 | |||||||||||
Total Healthcare Technology - 5.13%* |
|
|
|
|
| 26,147 | 26,041 | |||||||||||||
Total Debt Investments - 5.13%* |
|
|
|
|
| 26,147 | 26,041 | |||||||||||||
Equity Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Application Software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Coginiti Corp |
| 464 Monterey Avenue Suite E Los Gatos, CA 95030 United States | Equity |
| Common Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 1,040,160 |
| 10.62 | % | 4,551 |
| 104 | |||
Total Application Software - 0.02%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4,551 | 104 | ||||||
Healthcare Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Gynesonics, Inc. |
| 600 Chesapeake Drive Redwood City, CA 94063 United States | Equity |
| Series A-2 Preferred Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 3,266,668 |
| 6.25 | % | 25,000 |
| 23,969 | |||
| Equity | Series A-1 Preferred Stock |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 3,100,000 |
| 3.63 | % | 3,100 |
| 8,328 | ||||||
Total Healthcare Technology - 6.37%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 28,100 | 32,297 | ||||||
Total Equity Investments - 6.39%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 32,651 | 32,401 | ||||||
Warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Application Software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Coginiti Corp |
| 464 Monterey Avenue Suite E Los Gatos, CA 95030 United States | Warrants |
| Common Stock |
| 3/9/2030 |
| N/A |
| 811,770 |
| N/A |
| — |
| 79 | |||
Total Application Software - 0.01%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| — | 79 | ||||||
Healthcare Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Gynesonics, Inc. |
| 600 Chesapeake Drive Redwood City, CA 94063 United States | Warrants |
| Success fee |
| 3/1/2030 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 313 |
| 448 | |||
Total Healthcare Technology - 0.09%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 313 | 448 | ||||||
Total Warrants - 0.10%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 313 | 527 | ||||||
Total Affiliate Investments - 11.62%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 59,111 | 58,969 | ||||||
Control Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Equity Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Data Processing & Outsourced Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Pivot3, Inc. |
| 205 North Michigan Ave Suite 4200 Chicago IL 60601 United States | Equity |
| Equity Interest |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 950 |
| 1,198 | |||
Total Data Processing & Outsourced Services - 0.24%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 950 | 1,198 | ||||||
Multi-Sector Holdings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Runway-Cadma I LLC |
| 205 North Michigan Ave Suite 4200 Chicago IL 60601 United States | Equity |
| Equity Interest |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 5,600 |
| 5,528 | |||
Total Multi-Sector Holdings - 1.09%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5,600 | 5,528 | ||||||
Total Equity Investments - 1.33%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 6,550 | 6,726 | ||||||
Total Control Investments - 1.33%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 6,550 | 6,726 | ||||||
Total Investments - 210.13%* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| $ | 1,109,683 | $ | 1,066,100 |
*Value as percentage of net assets
Set forth below is a brief description of each portfolio company in which the fair value of our investment represents greater than 5% of our total assets as of September 30, 2024.
35
3PL Central LLC (dba Extensiv)
3PL Central LLC is a unified cloud-based platform offering fulfillment software to 3PL and eCommerce brands, which provides complete visibility on inventory and order logistics. 3PL Central LLC’s feature set enables customers to manage inventory, automate routine tasks, operate in-house fulfillment, streamline online orders, and connect with its network of partner warehouses.
Gynesonics, Inc.
Gynesonics, Inc., is a healthcare company focused on advancing women's health by developing minimally invasive, incision-free, uterus-preserving, transcervical technologies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Kin Insurance, Inc.
Kin Insurance, Inc. (“Kin”) is a direct-to-consumer homeowner’s insurance business. Kin’s end-to-end platform handles all aspects of the business in-house, from lead generation to bind-and-quote / underwriting to claims.
VTX Intermediate Holdings, Inc. (dba VertexOne)
VTX Intermediate Holdings, Inc. (“VertexOne”) provides Customer Information System (“CIS”) software and related ancillary services to small-to-mid sized electric, water and gas utility companies. CIS is a mission critical system that manages customer accounts by measuring and reporting consumption, generating billing data, driving billing compliance and feeding all customer-facing activities. Additionally, VertexOne offers a digital customer engagement platform for utility and retail customers that is designed to lower costs to serve customers, improve collections and increase customer satisfaction.
36
MANAGEMENT
The information in the sections entitled “Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance” in our most recent definitive proxy on Schedule 14A for our special meeting of stockholders (the “Special Proxy Statement”) and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” in our most recent definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for our annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Proxy Statement”) as well as information included in our current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2024 and Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 17, 2025 is incorporated herein by reference.
37
MANAGEMENT AND OTHER AGREEMENTS
The information in the sections entitled “About RGC” and “About Our Administrator,” in Part I, Item 1 “Business” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in “Note 3—Related Party Agreements and Transactions” in our financial statements in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
38
RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS
The information in the section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in our most recent Annual Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
39
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The information in the sections entitled “Election of Directors” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our most recent Special Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
40
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The information in the section entitled “Critical Accounting Policies,” in Part II, Item 8 “Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in “Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our financial statements in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
41
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
The information in the section entitled “Dividend Reinvestment Plan,” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in Part I, Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
42
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion is a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us and to an investment in our common stock. This discussion does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to such an investment. For example, this discussion does not describe tax consequences that we have assumed to be generally known by investors or certain considerations that may be relevant to certain types of holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws, including persons who hold our common stock as part of a straddle or a hedging, integrated or constructive sale transaction, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, brokers or dealers in securities, pension plans and trusts, persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, U.S. expatriates, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, personal holding companies, persons who acquire an interest in the Company in connection with the performance of services, and financial institutions. Such persons should consult with their own tax advisers as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our common stock, which may differ substantially from those described herein. This discussion assumes that shareholders hold our common stock as capital assets (within the meaning of the Code).
The discussion is based upon the Code, regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations, each as of the date of this Registration Statement and all of which are subject to change, possibly retroactively, which could affect the continuing validity of this discussion. We have not sought and will not seek any ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) regarding any matter discussed herein. Prospective investors should be aware that, although we intend to adopt positions we believe are in accord with current interpretations of the U.S. federal income tax laws, the IRS may not agree with the tax positions taken by us and that, if challenged by the IRS, our tax positions might not be sustained by the courts. This summary does not discuss any aspects of U.S. estate, alternative minimum, or gift tax or non U.S., state or local tax. It also does not discuss the special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws that could result if we invested in tax-exempt securities or certain other investment assets.
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. stockholder” is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
● | a citizen or individual resident of the United States; |
● | a corporation (or other entity or arrangement treated as a corporation) organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; |
● | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
● | a trust if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
A “non-U.S. stockholder” means a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock that is neither a U.S. stockholder nor a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes).
If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our shares, the U.S. tax treatment of the partnership and each partner generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership.. A partnership considering an investment in our common stock should consult its own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares by the partnership.
Taxation of the Company
We have elected to be treated, and intend to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code; however, no assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain our RIC tax treatment.
To qualify as a RIC, we must, among other things:
● | satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement; |
● | derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other income derived |
43
with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership,” as defined in the Code (“QPTP”), hereinafter the “90% Gross Income Test;” and |
● | diversify our holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year: |
● | at least 50% of the value of our total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, the securities of other RICs and other securities, with other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of our total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and |
● | not more than 25% of the value of our total assets is invested in (i) the securities (other than U.S. Government securities and the securities of other RICs) of any issuer, (ii) the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of any two or more issuers that we control and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more QPTPs (the “Diversification Tests”). |
As a RIC, we generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax on investment company taxable income and net capital gain that we timely distribute to our stockholders as dividends. We intend to distribute annually all or substantially all of such income. To the extent we retain any of our net capital gain or any investment company taxable income, we are subject to U.S. federal income tax imposed at corporate rates, and possibly U.S. federal excise tax (discussed below), on such retained amounts. We may choose to retain a portion of any investment company taxable income and some or all of our net capital gain, and pay the associated U.S. federal income tax and any applicable U.S. federal excise tax.
We are subject to a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax on certain of our undistributed income, unless we timely distribute (or are deemed to have timely distributed) an amount equal to at least the sum of:
● | 98% of our ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year; |
● | 98.2% of our capital gain net income (which is the excess of the gains from sales or exchanges of capital assets over the losses from such sales or exchanges) for a one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made by us to use our taxable year); and |
● | certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax. |
While we intend to distribute sufficient income and capital gains in order to avoid imposition of this nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax, we may not be successful in avoiding entirely the imposition of this tax.
We are authorized to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy distribution requirements. However, under the 1940 Act, we are not permitted to make distributions to our stockholders while any senior securities are outstanding unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios. See “Regulation.” Moreover, our ability to dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements may be limited by (1) the illiquid nature of our portfolio and/or (2) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or to limit the applicability of the 4% U.S. federal excise tax, we may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous.
A RIC is limited in its ability to deduct expenses in excess of its investment company taxable income. If our expenses in a given year exceed investment company taxable income, we would experience a net operating loss for that year. However, a RIC is not permitted to carry forward net operating losses to subsequent years. In addition, expenses can be used only to offset investment company taxable income, not net capital gain. A RIC may not use any net capital losses (that is, realized capital losses in excess of realized capital gains) to offset the RIC’s investment company taxable income, but may carry forward such losses indefinitely, and use them to offset capital gains. Due to these limits on the deductibility of expenses, over the course of one or more taxable years we may have, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, taxable income that we are required to distribute and that is taxable to our stockholders even if such income is greater than the aggregate net income we actually earned during those years. Such required distributions may be made from our cash assets or by liquidation of investments, if necessary. We may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event we realize net capital gains from such transactions, stockholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would have received in the absence of such transactions.
44
Failure to Qualify as a RIC
If we fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC, and certain relief provisions are not applicable, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on all of our taxable income (including our net capital gains) imposed at regular corporate rates. We would not be able to deduct distributions to stockholders, nor would they be required to be made. Distributions, including distributions of net long-term capital gain, would generally be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Subject to certain holding period and other limitations under the Code, corporate stockholders would be eligible to claim a dividend received deduction with respect to such dividend; non-corporate stockholders would generally be able to treat such dividends as “qualified dividend income,” which is subject to reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. In order to requalify as a RIC, in addition to the other requirements discussed above, we would be required to distribute all of our previously undistributed earnings attributable to the period we failed to qualify as a RIC by the end of the first year that we intend to requalify as a RIC. If we fail to requalify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, we may be subject to U.S. federal income tax imposed at corporate rates on any net built-in gains with respect to certain of our assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if we had been liquidated) that we elect to recognize on requalification or when recognized over the next five years.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that we qualify as a RIC for each taxable year.
Company Investments
Certain of our investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, including the dividends received deduction, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (iii) convert ordinary loss or a deduction into capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause us to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce income that will not qualify as good income for purposes of the 90% Gross Income Test. We monitor our transactions and may make certain tax elections and may be required to borrow money or dispose of securities to mitigate the effect of these rules and to prevent disqualification of us as a RIC but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in this regard.
Debt Instruments. In certain circumstances, we may be required to recognize taxable income prior to the time at which we receive cash. For example, if we hold debt instruments that are treated under applicable tax rules as having OID (such as debt instruments with an end-of-term payment and/or PIK interest payment or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with warrants), we must include in taxable income each year a portion of the OID that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. Because any OID accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our stockholders in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement and to avoid the 4% U.S. federal excise tax, even though we will not have received any corresponding cash amount.
Warrants. Gain or loss realized by us from the sale or exchange of warrants acquired by us as well as any loss attributable to the lapse of such warrants generally are treated as capital gain or loss. The treatment of such gain or loss as long-term or short-term generally depends on how long we held a particular warrant and on the nature of the disposition transaction.
Foreign Investments. In the event we invest in foreign securities, we may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes with respect to those securities. In this regard, withholding tax rates in countries with which the United States does not have a tax treaty may be 35% or more. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that may entitle us to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding tax on investment income and gains. The effective rate of foreign tax cannot be determined at this time since the amount of our assets to be invested within various countries is not now known. We do not expect to satisfy the requirement to pass through to our stockholders their share of the foreign taxes paid by us.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. If we purchase shares in a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, we may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any “excess distribution” received on, or any gain from, the disposition of such shares. Additional charges in the nature of interest generally will be imposed on us in respect of deferred taxes arising from any such excess distributions or gains. This additional tax and interest may apply even if we make a distribution as a taxable dividend by us to our shareholders in an
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amount equal to (1) any excess distribution, or (2) the gain from the dispositions of such shares. If we invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund”, or QEF, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, we will be required to include in income each year our proportionate share of the ordinary earnings and net capital gain of the QEF, even if such income is not distributed by the QEF. Alternatively, we may be able to elect to mark-to-market at the end of each taxable year our shares in a PFIC; in this case, we will recognize as ordinary income any increase in the value of such shares and as ordinary loss any decrease in such value to the extent that any such decrease does not exceed prior increases included in our income. Under either election, we may be required to recognize income in excess of distributions from PFICs and our proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock during that year, and such income will nevertheless be subject to the Annual Distribution Requirement and will be taken into account for purposes of the 4% U.S. federal excise tax. No assurances can be given that any such election will be available or that, if available, we will make such an election. Income inclusions from a QEF will be “good income” for purposes of the 90% Gross Income Test provided that they are derived in connection with our business of investing in stocks and securities or the QEF distributes such income to us in the same taxable year to which the income is included in our income.
Controlled Foreign Corporations. If we hold more than 10% of the shares in a foreign corporation that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation, or “CFC,” we may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each year from such foreign corporation in an amount equal to our pro rata share of certain of the corporation’s income for the tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains), whether or not the corporation makes an actual distribution during such year. In general, a foreign corporation will be classified as a CFC if more than 50% of the shares of the corporation, measured by reference to combined voting power or value, is owned (directly, indirectly or by attribution) by U.S. Shareholders. A “U.S. Shareholder,” for this purpose, is any U.S. person that possesses (actually, indirectly or by attribution) 10% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of shares of a corporation or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of shares of a corporation. If we are treated as receiving a deemed distribution from a CFC, we will be required to include such distribution in our investment company taxable income regardless of whether we receive any actual distributions from such CFC, and such income will be subject to the Annual Distribution Requirement and will be taken into account for purposes of the 4% U.S. federal excise tax. Income inclusions from a CFC will be “good income” for purposes of the 90% Gross Income Test provided that they are derived in connection with our business of investing in stocks and securities or the CFC distributes such income to us in the same taxable year to which the income is included in our income.
Foreign Currency Transactions. Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time we accrue income or other receivables or accrue expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time we actually collect such receivables or pay such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, on disposition of debt instruments and certain other instruments denominated in a foreign currency, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations if the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the instrument and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary gain or loss. These currency fluctuations related gains and losses may increase or decrease the amount of our investment company taxable income to be distributed to our stockholders as ordinary income.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders
Distributions by us generally are taxable to U.S. stockholders as ordinary income or capital gains. Distributions of our investment company taxable income will be taxable as ordinary income to U.S. stockholders to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. To the extent such distributions paid by us to non-corporate U.S. stockholders (including individuals) are attributable to dividends from U.S. corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations and such distributions are timely designated (“Qualifying Dividends”), they may be eligible for reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax. In this regard, it is anticipated that distributions paid by us generally will not be attributable to dividends and, therefore, generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of U.S. federal income tax applicable to Qualifying Dividends.
Distributions of our net capital gain (which is generally our realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) properly reported by us as “capital gain dividends” will be taxable to a U.S. stockholder as long-term capital gains, which are currently taxable at a maximum rate of 20% in the case of individuals or estates, regardless of the U.S. stockholder’s holding period for his, her or its common stock and regardless of whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional common stock. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits first will reduce a U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in such U.S. stockholder’s common stock and, after the adjusted basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to such U.S. stockholder.
Although we currently intend to distribute any net long-term capital gains at least annually, we may in the future decide to retain some or all of our net long-term capital gains but designate the retained amount as a “deemed distribution.” In that case, among other consequences, we will pay U.S. federal income tax on the retained amount, each U.S. stockholder will be required to include such stockholder’s share of the deemed distribution in income as if it had been distributed to the U.S. stockholder, and the U.S. stockholder
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will be entitled to claim a credit equal to such stockholder’s allocable share of the U.S. federal income tax paid on the deemed distribution by us. The amount of the deemed distribution net of such tax will be added to the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis for their common stock. Since we expect to pay U.S. federal income tax on any retained capital gains at the applicable corporate rate 0, and since that rate is in excess of the maximum rate currently payable by individuals on long-term capital gains, the amount of U.S. federal income tax that individual U.S. stockholders will be treated as having paid and for which they will receive a credit will exceed the U.S. federal income tax they owe on the retained net capital gain. Such excess generally may be claimed as a credit against the U.S. stockholder’s other U.S. federal income tax obligations or may be refunded to the extent it exceeds a U.S. stockholder’s liability for U.S. federal income tax. A U.S. stockholder that is not subject to U.S. federal income tax or otherwise required to file a U.S. federal income tax return would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return on the appropriate form in order to claim a refund for the taxes we paid. In order to utilize the deemed distribution approach, we must provide written notice to our U.S. stockholders prior to the expiration of 60 days after the close of the relevant taxable year. We cannot treat any of our investment company taxable income as a “deemed distribution.”
We or the applicable withholding agent will provide U.S. stockholders with a notice reporting the amount of any ordinary income dividends (including the amount of such dividend, if any, eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income) and capital gain dividends by January 31. For purposes of determining (1) whether the Annual Distribution Requirement is satisfied for any year and (2) the amount of capital gain dividends paid for that year, we may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a dividend that is paid during the following taxable year as if it had been paid during the taxable year in question. If we make such an election, the U.S. stockholder will still be treated as receiving the dividend in the taxable year in which the distribution is made. However, if we pay a stockholder a dividend in January which was declared in the previous October, November or December to stockholders of record on a specified date in one of these months, then the dividend will be treated for tax purposes as being paid by us and received by each stockholder on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared. If a U.S. stockholder purchases shares of our stock shortly before the record date of a distribution, the price of the shares will include the value of the distribution and the U.S. stockholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the distribution even though it represents a return of its investment.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Under the dividend reinvestment plan, if a U.S. stockholder owns shares of common stock registered in its own name, the U.S. stockholder will have all cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of common stock unless the U.S. stockholder opts out of our dividend reinvestment plan by delivering a written notice to Runway Growth Capital or our dividend paying agent, as applicable, prior to the record date of the next dividend or distribution. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.” Any distributions reinvested under the plan will nevertheless remain taxable to the U.S. stockholder. The U.S. stockholder will have an adjusted basis in the additional common shares purchased through the plan equal to the amount of the reinvested distribution. The additional shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the shares are credited to the U.S. stockholder’s account.
Dispositions. A U.S. stockholder generally will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares disposed of and the amount realized on their disposition. Generally, gain recognized by a U.S. stockholder on the disposition of shares of our common stock will result in capital gain or loss to a U.S. stockholder, and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year at the time of sale; otherwise, any such gain or loss will be classified as short-term capital gain or loss. Any capital loss recognized by a U.S. stockholder upon the disposition of shares of our common stock held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received (including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) by the U.S. stockholder. A loss recognized by a U.S. stockholder on a disposition of shares of our common stock will be disallowed as a deduction if the U.S. stockholder acquires additional shares of our common stock (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date on which the shares are disposed. In this case, the tax basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under applicable Treasury regulations, if a U.S. stockholder recognizes a loss with respect to shares of $2 million or more for a non-corporate U.S. stockholder or $10 million or more for a corporate U.S. stockholder in any single taxable year (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the U.S. stockholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct U.S. stockholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, U.S. stockholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to U.S. stockholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. U.S. stockholders should consult their own tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Backup Withholding. We may be required in certain circumstances to backup withhold, currently at a rate of 24%, on taxable dividends or distributions paid to a non-corporate U.S. stockholder (1) who fail to provide us or the distribution paying agent with a
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correct taxpayer identification number (in the case of individuals, generally their social security number) or a certificate that such shareholder is exempt from backup withholding or (2) with respect to whom the IRS notifies us that such shareholder has failed to properly report certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect . Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to you may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Limitation on Deduction for Certain Expenses. For any period that we do not qualify as a “publicly offered regulated investment company,” as defined in the Code, U.S. stockholders will be treated as though they received a distribution equal to certain of our expenses. A “publicly offered regulated investment company” is a RIC whose shares are either (i) continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, (ii) regularly traded on an established securities market or (iii) held by at least 500 persons at all times during the taxable year. We expect that we will constitute a publicly offered RIC, but there can be no assurance that we will in fact so qualify for any of our taxable years. If we are not a publicly offered RIC for any period, a non-corporate U.S. stockholder’s allocable portion of our affected expenses, including our management fees, will be treated as an additional distribution to the U.S. stockholder and will be deductible by such U.S. stockholder only to the extent permitted under the limitations described below. For non-corporate U.S. stockholders, including individuals, trusts, and estates, significant limitations generally apply to the deductibility of certain expenses of a non-publicly offered RIC, including advisory fees. In particular, these expenses, referred to as “miscellaneous itemized deductions,” are currently not deductible to an individual or other non-corporate U.S. stockholder (and beginning in 2026, will be deductible only to the extent they exceed 2% of such a U.S. stockholder’s adjusted gross income), and are not deductible for alternative minimum tax purposes.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt U.S. Stockholders.
A U.S. stockholder that is a tax-exempt organization for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore generally exempt from U.S. federal income taxation may nevertheless be subject to taxation to the extent that it is considered to derive unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). The direct conduct by a tax-exempt U.S. stockholder of the activities we propose to conduct could give rise to UBTI. However, a RIC is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its business activities generally will not be attributed to its stockholders for purposes of determining their treatment under current law. Therefore, a tax-exempt U.S. stockholder generally should not be subject to U.S. taxation solely as a result of such stockholder’s ownership of shares of common stock and receipt of dividends with respect to such shares. Moreover, under current law, if we incur indebtedness, such indebtedness will not be attributed to a tax-exempt U.S. stockholder. Therefore, a tax-exempt U.S. stockholder should not be treated as earning income from “debt-financed property” and dividends we pay should not be treated as “unrelated debt-financed income” solely as a result of indebtedness that we incur. Proposals periodically are made to change the treatment of “blocker” investment vehicles interposed between tax-exempt investors and non-qualifying investments. In the event that any such proposals were to be adopted and applied to RICs, the treatment of dividends payable to tax- exempt investors could be adversely affected. In addition, special rules would apply if we were to invest in certain real estate investment trusts or other taxable mortgage pools, which we do not currently plan to do, that could result in a tax-exempt U.S. stockholder recognizing income that would be treated as UBTI.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The following discussion only applies to non-U.S. stockholders. Whether an investment in shares of our common stock is appropriate for a non-U.S. stockholder will depend upon that person’s particular circumstances. An investment in shares of our common stock by a non-U.S. stockholder may have adverse tax consequences. non-U.S. stockholders should consult their own tax advisers before investing in shares of our common stock.
In general, distributions of our investment company taxable income generally are subject to U.S. withholding tax imposed at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable treaty) to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits unless an applicable exception applies. However, no withholding is required with respect to certain distributions if (i) the distributions are properly reported to our non-U.S. stockholders as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends,” (ii) the distributions are derived from sources specified in the Code for such dividends and (iii) certain other requirements are satisfied. Currently, we do not anticipate that any significant amount of our distributions would be reported as eligible for this exemption from withholding. No assurance can be provided that any of our distributions will qualify for this exemption. If the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder (and, if a treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment of the non-U.S. stockholder in the United States), we will not be required to withhold U.S. federal tax if the non-U.S. stockholder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements, although the distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Special certification requirements apply to a non-U.S. stockholder that is a foreign partnership or a foreign trust, and such entities are urged to consult their own tax advisers.
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Actual or deemed distributions of our net capital gains to a non-U.S. stockholder properly reported by us as capital gain dividends, and gains realized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or redemption of our common stock, will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless (i) the distributions or gains, as the case may be, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. stockholder in the United States) or, (ii) in the case of an individual, the non-U.S. stockholder was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met.
If we distribute our net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions, a non-U.S. stockholder will be entitled to a U.S. federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the non-U.S. stockholder’s allocable share of the U.S. federal income tax we pay on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed; however, in order to obtain the refund, the non-U.S. stockholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a U.S. federal income tax return even if the non-U.S. stockholder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a U.S. federal income tax return.
If any actual or deemed distributions of our net capital gains, or any gains realized upon the sale or redemption of our common stock, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. stockholder in the United States), such amounts will be subject to U.S. income tax, on a net income basis, in the same manner, and at the graduated rates applicable to, a U.S. stockholder. For a corporate non-U.S. stockholder, the after-tax amount of distributions (both actual and deemed) and gains realized upon the sale or redemption of our common stock that are effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business (and, if a treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. stockholder in the United States), may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate if provided for by an applicable treaty). Accordingly, investment in shares of our common stock may not be appropriate for certain non-U.S. stockholders.
Non-U.S. stockholders will not generally be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax with respect to gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of shares of our common stock.
Under the dividend reinvestment plan, our non-U.S. stockholders who have not “opted out” of our dividend reinvestment plan will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, rather than receiving the cash distributions. If the distribution is a distribution of our investment company taxable income and is not properly reported by us as a short-term capital gains dividend or interest-related dividend (assuming an extension of the exemption discussed above), the amount distributed (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax imposed at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty) and only the net after-tax amount will be reinvested in our common stock. If the distribution is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder (and, if a treaty applies, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. stockholder in the United States), generally the full amount of the distribution will be reinvested in the plan and will nevertheless be subject to U.S. federal income tax imposed at the ordinary income rates applicable to U.S. persons. The non-U.S. stockholder will have an adjusted tax basis in the additional common stock purchased through the plan equal to the amount reinvested. The additional shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the shares are credited to the non-U.S. stockholder’s account.
If we were unable to qualify for treatment as a RIC, any distributions by us would be treated as dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. We would not be eligible to report any such dividends as interest-related dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, or capital gain dividends. As a result, any such dividend paid to a non-U.S. stockholder that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder (and, if an income tax treaty applies, attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. stockholder in the United States) would be subject to the 30% (or reduced applicable treaty rate) U.S. withholding tax discussed above regardless of the source of the income giving rise to such distribution. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the non-U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a gain from the sale of the non-U.S. stockholder’s shares subject to taxation as discussed above. For the consequences to the Company for failing to qualify as a RIC, see “— Failure to Qualify as a RIC” above.
We must generally report to our non-U.S. stockholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year and the amount of any tax withheld. Information reporting requirements may apply even if no withholding was required because the distributions were effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s conduct of a United States trade or business or withholding was reduced or eliminated by an applicable income tax treaty. This information also may be made available under a specific treaty or agreement with the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. stockholder is a resident for tax purposes. Under U.S. federal income tax law, interest, dividends and other reportable payments may, under certain circumstances, be subject to “backup withholding” at the then
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applicable rate (currently 24%). Backup withholding, however, generally will not apply to distributions to a non-U.S. stockholder, provided the non-U.S. stockholder furnishes to us the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as by providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E, or certain other requirements are met. Backup withholding is not an additional tax but can be credited against a non-U.S. stockholder’s U.S. federal income tax, and may be refunded to the extent it results in an overpayment of tax and the appropriate information is timely supplied to the IRS.
Non-U.S. stockholders should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax, and state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in the shares.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
Legislation commonly referred to as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act,” or “FATCA,” generally imposes a 30% withholding tax on payments of certain types of income to foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”) unless such FFIs either: (i) enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury to report certain required information with respect to accounts held by certain specified U.S. persons (or held by foreign entities that have certain specified U.S. persons as substantial owners) or (ii) reside in a jurisdiction that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement (“IGA”) with the United States to collect and share such information and are in compliance with the terms of such IGA and any enabling legislation or regulations. The types of income subject to the tax include U.S.-source interest and dividends. While the Code would also require withholding on payments of the gross proceeds from the sale of any property that could produce U.S. source interest or dividends, the U.S. Department of the Treasury has indicated its intent to eliminate this requirement in subsequent proposed regulations, which state that taxpayers may rely on the proposed regulations until final regulations are issued. The information required to be reported includes the identity and taxpayer identification number of each account holder that is a specified U.S. person and certain financial information associated with the holder’s account. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, FATCA also imposes a 30% withholding on certain payments to certain foreign entities that are not FFIs unless such foreign entities certify that they do not have a greater than 10% owner that is a specified U.S. person or provide the withholding agent with identifying information on each greater than 10% owner that is a specified U.S. person. Depending on the status of a beneficial owner and the status of the intermediaries through which they hold their shares, beneficial owners of our common stock could be subject to this 30% withholding tax with respect to distributions on their shares. Under certain circumstances, a beneficial owner might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes.
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR SECURITIES
This prospectus contains a summary of our common stock, preferred stock, subscription rights, debt securities and warrants. These summaries are not meant to be a complete description of each security. However, this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the material terms and conditions for each security.
DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK
The following description is based on relevant portions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) and on our certificate of incorporation and bylaws. This summary is not necessarily complete, and we refer you to the MGCL and our charter and bylaws for a more detailed description of the provisions summarized below.
General
Under the terms of our charter, our authorized stock consists of 100 million shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, all of which are initially designated as common stock. As permitted by the MGCL, our charter provides that a majority of the entire Board, without any action by our shareholders, may amend the charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. Our charter also provides that the Board may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock into one or more classes or series of common stock or preferred stock by setting or changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, or limitations as to dividends, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption of the shares. Unless the Board determines otherwise, we will issue all shares of our stock in uncertificated form.
None of our shares of common stock are subject to further calls or to assessments, sinking fund provisions, obligations or potential liabilities associated with ownership of the security (not including investment risks).
The following presents our outstanding classes of securities as of March 14, 2025:
Amount | ||||||
Outstanding | ||||||
Amount Held | Exclusive of | |||||
Amount | by Us or for |
| Amount Held by Us | |||
Title of Class |
| Authorized |
| Our Account |
| or for Our Account |
Common Stock |
| |
| — |
| |
Common Stock
All shares of our common stock have equal rights as to earnings, assets, voting, and dividends and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
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Preferred Stock
Under the terms of our charter, the Board may authorize us to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series, without shareholder approval, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. The Board has the power to fix the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption of each class or series of preferred stock. We do not currently anticipate issuing preferred stock in the near future. In the event we issue preferred stock, we will make any required disclosure to shareholders. We will not offer preferred stock to the Adviser or our affiliates except on the same terms as offered to all other shareholders.
Preferred stock could be issued with terms that would adversely affect our shareholders. Preferred stock could also be used as an anti-takeover device through the issuance of shares of a class or series of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control. Every issuance of preferred stock will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that: (1) immediately after issuance and before any dividend or other distribution is made with respect to common stock and before any purchase of common stock is made, such preferred stock together with all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of our total assets after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be, and (2) the holders of shares of preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class voting separately to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if distributions on such preferred stock are in arrears by two full years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of preferred stock (as determined in accordance with the 1940 Act) voting together as a separate class. For example, the vote of such holders of preferred stock would be required to approve a proposal involving a plan of reorganization adversely affecting such securities.
The issuance of any preferred stock must be approved by a majority of the independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access, at our expense, to our legal counsel or to independent legal counsel.
Limitation on Liability of Directors and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses
Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision which eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act.
Our charter authorizes us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while serving as our director or officer and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. Our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while serving as our director or officer and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay or reimburse his or her reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. The charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of us in any of the capacities described above and any of our employees or agents or any employees or agents of our predecessor. In accordance with the 1940 Act, we will not indemnify any person for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of such person’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities
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unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received unless, in either case a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer in advance of final disposition of a proceeding upon the corporation’s receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good-faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements provide our directors and executive officers the maximum indemnification permitted under Maryland law and the 1940 Act.
Certain Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and Our Charter and Bylaws
The MGCL and our charter and bylaws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a potential acquirer to acquire us by means of a tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, the material ones of which are discussed below. These provisions are expected to discourage certain coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our Board. We expect the benefits of these provisions to outweigh the potential disadvantages of discouraging any such acquisition proposals because, among other things, the negotiation of such proposals may improve their terms.
Classified Board of Directors
Our Board is divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms. Upon expiration of their terms, directors of each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualify, and each year one class of directors will be elected by the stockholders. A classified Board may render a change in control of us or removal of our incumbent management more difficult. We believe, however, that the longer time required to elect a majority of a classified Board will help to ensure the continuity and stability of our management and policies.
Election of Directors
Our bylaws, as authorized by our charter, provide that the affirmative vote of the holders of a plurality of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote in the election of directors cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called, and at which a quorum is present, will be required to elect a director. Pursuant to our charter our Board may amend the bylaws to alter the vote required to elect directors.
Number of Directors; Vacancies; Removal
Our charter provides that the number of directors will be set only by the Board in accordance with our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that a majority of our entire Board may at any time increase or decrease the number of directors. However, unless our bylaws are amended, the number of directors may never be less than one nor more than nine. Our charter provides that, at such time as we have at least three independent directors and our common stock is registered under the Exchange Act, as amended, we elect to be subject to the provision of Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL regarding the filling of vacancies on the Board. Accordingly, at such time, except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, any and all vacancies on the Board may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies, subject to any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act.
Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause, as defined in our charter, and then only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors.
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Action by Stockholders
Under the MGCL, stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or (unless the charter provides for stockholder action by less than unanimous written consent, which our charter does not) by unanimous written consent in lieu of a meeting. These provisions, combined with the requirements of our bylaws regarding the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders discussed below, may have the effect of delaying consideration of a stockholder proposal until the next annual meeting.
Advance Notice Provisions for Stockholder Nominations and Stockholder Proposals
Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to the Board and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of the Board or (3) by a stockholder of the Company who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in our bylaws and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board at a special meeting may be made only (1) by or at the direction of the Board or (2) provided that the Board has determined that directors will be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder of the Company who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in our bylaws and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.
The purpose of requiring stockholders to give us advance notice of nominations and other business is to afford our Board a meaningful opportunity to consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees and the advisability of any other proposed business and, to the extent deemed necessary or desirable by our Board, to inform stockholders and make recommendations about such qualifications or business, as well as to provide a more orderly procedure for conducting meetings of stockholders. Although our bylaws do not give our Board any power to disapprove stockholder nominations for the election of directors or proposals recommending certain action, they may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of stockholder proposals if proper procedures are not followed and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to us and our stockholders.
Calling of Special Meetings of Stockholders
Our bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called by our Board and certain of our officers. Additionally, our bylaws provide that, subject to the satisfaction of certain procedural and informational requirements by the stockholders requesting the meeting, a special meeting of stockholders will be called by the secretary of the corporation upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.
Approval of Extraordinary Corporate Action; Amendment of Charter and Bylaws
Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter generally provides for approval of charter amendments and extraordinary transactions by the stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter also provides that certain charter amendments, any proposal for our conversion, whether by charter amendment, merger or otherwise, from a closed-end company to an open-end company and any proposal for our liquidation or dissolution requires the approval of the stockholders entitled to cast at least 80% of the votes entitled to be cast on such matter. However, if such amendment or proposal is approved by a majority of our continuing directors (in addition to approval by our Board), such amendment or proposal may be approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on such a matter. The “continuing directors” are defined in our charter as (1) our current directors, (2) those directors whose nomination for election by the stockholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies is approved by a majority of our current directors then on the Board or (3) any successor directors whose nomination for election by the stockholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies is approved by a majority of continuing directors or the successor continuing directors then in office.
Our charter and bylaws provide that the Board will have the exclusive power to make, alter, amend or repeal any provision of our bylaws.
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No Appraisal Rights
Except with respect to appraisal rights arising in connection with the Control Share Act discussed below, as permitted by the MGCL, our charter provides that stockholders will not be entitled to exercise appraisal rights unless a majority of the Board shall determine such rights apply.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL Control Share Act provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
● | one-tenth or more but less than one-third; |
● | one-third or more but less than a majority; or |
● | a majority or more of all voting power. |
The requisite stockholder approval must be obtained each time an acquirer crosses one of the thresholds of voting power set forth above. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the Board of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations, including, as provided in our bylaws compliance with the 1940 Act. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.
The Control Share Act does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Act any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. However, we will amend our bylaws to be subject to the Control Share Act only if the Board determines that it would be in our best interests to do so.
Business Combinations
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder (the “Business Combination Act”). These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
● | any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or |
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● | an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder under this statute if the Board approved in advance the transaction by which the stockholder otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the Board may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the Board.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the Board of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
● | 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and |
● | two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the Board before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our Board has adopted a resolution that any business combination between us and any other person is exempted from the provisions of the Business Combination Act, provided that the business combination is first approved by the Board, including a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act. This resolution may be altered or repealed in whole or in part at any time; however, our Board will adopt resolutions so as to make us subject to the provisions of the Business Combination Act only if the Board determines that it would be in our best interests and if the SEC staff does not object to our determination that our being subject to the Business Combination Act does not conflict with the 1940 Act. If this resolution is repealed, or the Board does not otherwise approve a business combination, the statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.
Conflict with 1940 Act
Our bylaws provide that, if and to the extent that any provision of the MGCL, including the Control Share Act (if we amend our bylaws to be subject to such Act) and the Business Combination Act, or any provision of our charter or bylaws conflicts with any provision of the 1940 Act, the applicable provision of the 1940 Act will control.
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Exclusive Forum
Our charter and bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL, the charter or bylaws or the securities, antifraud, unfair trade practices or similar laws of any international, national, state, provincial, territorial, local or other governmental or regulatory authority, including, in each case, the applicable rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a federal or state court located in the state of Delaware, provided that to the extent the appropriate court located in the state of Delaware determines that it does not have jurisdiction over such action, then the sole and exclusive forum shall be any federal or state court located in the state of Maryland. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Company shall be deemed, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to have notice of and consented to these exclusive forum provisions and to have irrevocably submitted to, and waived any objection to, the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in connection with any such action or proceeding and consented to process being served in any such action or proceeding, without limitation, by United States mail addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Company, with postage thereon prepaid.
Transfer Restrictions
The shares of our common stock issued and sold by us prior to our initial public offering in reliance upon the available exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act that were not registered for resale in connection with our initial public offering have not been registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any jurisdiction and, accordingly, until registered, may not be resold or transferred except as permitted under the Securities Act and the applicable securities laws of any jurisdiction. See “Shares Eligible For Future Sale” for additional information.
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK
In addition to shares of common stock, our charter authorizes the issuance of preferred stock. If we offer preferred stock under this prospectus, we will issue an appropriate prospectus supplement. We may issue preferred stock from time to time in one or more classes or series, without shareholder approval. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, our Board is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to the express terms of any of our then outstanding classes or series of stock, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Any such issuance must adhere to the requirements of the 1940 Act, Maryland law and any other limitations imposed by law.
The 1940 Act limits our flexibility as to certain rights and preferences of the preferred stock under our certificate of incorporation. In particular, every share of stock issued by a BDC must be voting stock and have equal voting rights with every other outstanding class of voting stock, except to the extent that the stock satisfies the requirements for being treated as a senior security, which requires, among other things, that:
● | immediately after issuance and before any distribution is made with respect to common stock, we must meet a coverage ratio of total assets (less total liabilities other than indebtedness) to total indebtedness plus preferred stock, of at least 150% (at least 200% prior to June 16, 2022); and |
● | the holders of shares of preferred stock must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if and for so long as dividends on the preferred stock are unpaid in an amount equal to two full years of dividends on the preferred stock. |
The features of the preferred stock are further limited by the requirements applicable to RICs under the Code.
For any class or series of preferred stock that we may issue, our Board will determine and the articles supplementary and the prospectus supplement relating to such class or series will describe:
● | the designation and number of shares of such class or series; |
● | the rate and time at which, and the preferences and conditions under which, any dividends will be paid on shares of such class or series, as well as whether such dividends are participating or non-participating; |
● | any provisions relating to convertibility or exchangeability of the shares of such class or series, including adjustments to the conversion price of such class or series; |
● | the rights and preferences, if any, of holders of shares of such class or series upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; |
● | the voting powers, if any, of the holders of shares of such class or series; |
● | any provisions relating to the redemption of the shares of such class or series; |
● | any limitations on our ability to pay dividends or make distributions on, or acquire or redeem, other securities while shares of such class or series are outstanding; |
● | any conditions or restrictions on our ability to issue additional shares of such class or series or other securities; |
● | if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations; and |
● | any other relative powers, preferences and participating, optional or special rights of shares of such class or series, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof. |
All shares of preferred stock that we may issue will be identical and of equal rank except as to the particular terms thereof that may be fixed by our Board, and all shares of each class or series of preferred stock will be identical and of equal rank except as to the dates from which dividends, if any, thereon will be cumulative.
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
We may issue subscription rights to our shareholders to purchase common stock. Subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other offered security and may or may not be transferable by the person purchasing or receiving the subscription rights. In connection with a subscription rights offering to our shareholders, we would distribute certificates evidencing the subscription rights and a prospectus supplement to our shareholders on the record date that we set for receiving subscription rights in such subscription rights offering.
The applicable prospectus supplement would describe the following terms of subscription rights in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:
● | the period of time the offering would remain open (which shall be open a minimum number of days such that all record holders would be eligible to participate in the offering and shall not be open longer than 120 days); |
● | the title of such subscription rights; |
● | the exercise price for such subscription rights (or method of calculation thereof); |
● | the ratio of the offering (which, in the case of transferable rights, will require a minimum of three shares to be held of record before a person is entitled to purchase an additional share); |
● | the number of such subscription rights issued to each shareholder; |
● | the extent to which such subscription rights are transferable and the market on which they may be traded if they are transferable; |
● | if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the issuance or exercise of such subscription rights; |
● | the date on which the right to exercise such subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which such right shall expire (subject to any extension); |
● | the extent to which such subscription rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities and the terms of such over-subscription privilege; |
● | any termination right we may have in connection with such subscription rights offering; and |
● | any other terms of such subscription rights, including exercise, settlement and other procedures and limitations relating to the transfer and exercise of such subscription rights. |
Exercise of Subscription Rights
Each subscription right would entitle the holder of the subscription right to purchase for cash such amount of shares of common stock at such exercise price as shall in each case be set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the prospectus supplement relating to the subscription rights offered thereby. Subscription rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for such subscription rights set forth in the prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised subscription rights would become void.
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Subscription rights may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the subscription rights offered thereby. Upon receipt of payment and the subscription rights certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the subscription rights agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement we will forward, as soon as practicable, the shares of common stock purchasable upon such exercise. To the extent permissible under applicable law, we may determine to offer any unsubscribed offered securities directly to persons other than shareholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Dilutive Effects
Any shareholder who chooses not to participate in a rights offering should expect to own a smaller interest in us upon completion of such rights offering. Any rights offering will dilute the ownership interest and voting power of shareholders who do not fully exercise their subscription rights. Further, because the net proceeds per share from any rights offering may be lower than our then current net asset value per share, the rights offering may reduce our net asset value per share. The amount of dilution that a shareholder will experience could be substantial, particularly to the extent we engage in multiple rights offerings within a limited time period. In addition, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected while a rights offering is ongoing as a result of the possibility that a significant number of additional shares may be issued upon completion of such rights offering. All of our shareholders will also indirectly bear the expenses associated with any rights offering we may conduct, regardless of whether they elect to exercise any rights.
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR WARRANTS
The following is a general description of the terms of the warrants we may issue from time to time. Particular terms of any warrants we offer will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such warrants.
We may issue warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. Such warrants may be issued independently or together with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and may be attached or separate from such securities. We will issue each series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or with holders or beneficial owners of warrants.
A prospectus supplement will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants we may issue, including the following:
● | the title of such warrants; |
● | the aggregate number of such warrants; |
● | the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued; |
● | the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which the price of such warrants may be payable; |
● | if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security; |
● | in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at which and the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise; |
● | in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at which and the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; |
● | the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right will expire; |
● | whether such warrants will be issued in registered form or bearer form; |
● | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time; |
● | if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable; |
● | information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
● | the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; |
● | if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations; and |
● | any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants. |
We and the warrant agent may amend or supplement the warrant agreement for a series of warrants without the consent of the holders of the warrants issued thereunder to effect changes that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the warrants and that do not materially and adversely affect the interests of the holders of the warrants.
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Prior to exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including, in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive principal, premium, if any, or interest payments, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture or, in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise any voting rights.
Under the 1940 Act, we may generally only offer warrants provided that (1) the warrants expire by their terms within ten years; (2) the exercise or conversion price is not less than the current market value at the date of issuance; (3) our shareholders authorize the proposal to issue such warrants, and our Board approves such issuance on the basis that the issuance is in the best interests of us and our shareholders; and (4) if the warrants are accompanied by other securities, the warrants are not separately transferable unless no class of such warrants and the securities accompanying them has been publicly distributed. The 1940 Act also provides that the amount of our voting securities that would result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants, as well as options and rights, at the time of issuance may not exceed 25% of our outstanding voting securities. In particular, the amount of capital stock that would result from the conversion or exercise of all outstanding warrants, options or rights to purchase capital stock cannot exceed 25% of the BDC’s total outstanding shares of capital stock.
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue debt securities in one or more series. The specific terms of each series of debt securities will be described in the particular prospectus supplement relating to that series. The prospectus supplement may or may not modify the general terms found in this prospectus and will be filed with the SEC. For a complete description of the terms of a particular series of debt securities, you should read both this prospectus and the prospectus supplement relating to that particular series.
As required by federal law for all bonds and notes of companies that are publicly offered, the debt securities are governed by a document called an “indenture.” An indenture is a contract between us and a financial institution acting as trustee on your behalf, and is subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The trustee has two main roles. First, the trustee can enforce your rights against us if we default. There are some limitations on the extent to which the trustee acts on your behalf, described in the second paragraph under “— Events of Default — Remedies If an Event of Default Occurs.” Second, the trustee performs certain administrative duties for us.
Because this section is a summary, it does not describe every aspect of the debt securities and the indenture. We urge you to read the indenture because it, and not this description, defines your rights as a holder of debt securities. For example, in this section, we use capitalized words to signify terms that are specifically defined in the indenture. Some of the definitions are repeated in this prospectus, but for the rest you will need to read the indenture. A copy of the form of indenture is attached as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file a supplemental indenture with the SEC in connection with any debt offering, at which time the supplemental indenture would be publicly available. See “Available Information” for information on how to obtain a copy of the applicable indenture.
The prospectus supplement, which will accompany this prospectus, will describe the particular series of debt securities being offered, including, among other things:
● | the designation or title of the series of debt securities; |
● | the total principal amount of the series of debt securities; |
● | the percentage of the principal amount at which the series of debt securities will be offered; |
● | the date or dates on which principal will be payable; |
● | the rate or rates (which may be either fixed or variable) and/or the method of determining such rate or rates of interest, if any; |
● | the date or dates from which any interest will accrue, or the method of determining such date or dates, and the date or dates on which any interest will be payable; |
● | whether any interest may be paid by issuing additional securities of the same series in lieu of cash (and the terms upon which any such interest may be paid by issuing additional securities); |
● | the terms for redemption, extension or early repayment, if any; |
● | the currencies in which the series of debt securities are issued and payable; |
● | whether the amount of payments of principal, premium or interest, if any, on a series of debt securities will be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which could be based on one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices) and how these amounts will be determined; |
● | the place or places, if any, other than or in addition to the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York, of payment, transfer, conversion and/or exchange of the debt securities; |
● | the denominations in which the offered debt securities will be issued (if other than $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof); |
● | the provision for any sinking fund; |
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● | any restrictive covenants; |
● | any Events of Default; |
● | whether the series of debt securities is issuable in certificated form; |
● | any provisions for defeasance or covenant defeasance; |
● | any special federal income tax implications, including, if applicable, U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to original issue discount; |
● | whether and under what circumstances we will pay additional amounts in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether we will have the option to redeem the debt securities rather than pay the additional amounts (and the terms of this option); |
● | any provisions for convertibility or exchangeability of the debt securities into or for any other securities; |
● | whether the debt securities are subject to subordination and the terms of such subordination; |
● | whether the debt securities are secured and the terms of any security interest; |
● | the listing, if any, on a securities exchange; and |
● | any other terms. |
The debt securities may be secured or unsecured obligations. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, will be paid by us in immediately available funds.
Generally, pursuant to the 1940 Act, our total borrowings are limited so that we cannot incur additional borrowings if immediately after such borrowing or issuance, the ratio of our total assets (less total liabilities other than indebtedness represented by senior securities) to our total indebtedness represented by senior securities plus preferred stock, if any, is at least 200%. However, legislation enacted in March 2018 has modified the 1940 Act by allowing a BDC to increase the maximum amount of leverage it may incur from an asset coverage ratio of 200% to an asset coverage ratio of 150%, if certain requirements are met. This means that generally, a BDC can borrow up to $1 for every $1 of investor equity or, if certain requirements are met and it reduces its asset coverage ratio, it can borrow up to $2 for every $1 of investor equity. The reduced asset coverage requirement would permit a BDC to double the amount of leverage it could incur. We are permitted to increase our asset coverage ratio to at least 150% if stockholders representing at least a majority of the votes cast, at an annual or special meeting at which quorum is met, approve a proposal to do so. On June 16, 2022, our stockholders approved the reduced asset coverage ratio at our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders. The reduced asset coverage ratio of 150% became effective upon receiving stockholder approval. We may also borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our gross assets for temporary purposes without regard to asset coverage. For a discussion of the risks associated with leverage, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Business Development Companies—Regulations governing our operation as a business development company and RIC affect our ability to raise capital and the way in which we raise additional capital or borrow for investment purposes, which may have a negative effect on our growth. As a business development company, the necessity of raising additional capital may expose us to risks, including risks associated with leverage” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.
General
The indenture provides that any debt securities proposed to be sold under this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement (“offered debt securities”) and any debt securities issuable upon the exercise of warrants or upon conversion or exchange of other offered securities (“underlying debt securities”), may be issued under the indenture in one or more series.
For purposes of this prospectus, any reference to the payment of principal of, or premium or interest, if any, on, debt securities will include additional amounts if required by the terms of the debt securities.
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The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that may be issued thereunder from time to time. The indenture also provides that there may be more than one trustee thereunder, each with respect to one or more different series of indenture securities. See “— Resignation of Trustee” below. At a time when two or more trustees are acting under the indenture, each with respect to only certain series, the term “indenture securities” means the one or more series of debt securities with respect to which each respective trustee is acting. In the event that there is more than one trustee under the indenture, the powers and trust obligations of each trustee described in this prospectus will extend only to the one or more series of indenture securities for which it is trustee. If two or more trustees are acting under the indenture, then the indenture securities for which each trustee is acting would be treated as if issued under separate indentures.
Except as described under “— Events of Default” and “— Merger or Consolidation” below, the indenture does not contain any provisions that give you protection in the event we issue a large amount of debt or we are acquired by another entity.
We refer you to the prospectus supplement for information with respect to any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or our covenants that are described below, including any addition of a covenant or other provision providing event risk or similar protection.
We have the ability to issue indenture securities with terms different from those of indenture securities previously issued and, without the consent of the holders thereof, to reopen a previous issue of a series of indenture securities and issue additional indenture securities of that series unless the reopening was restricted when that series was created.
Conversion and Exchange
If any debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities, the prospectus supplement will explain the terms and conditions of the conversion or exchange, including the conversion price or exchange ratio (or the calculation method), the conversion or exchange period (or how the period will be determined), if conversion or exchange will be mandatory or at the option of the holder or us, provisions for adjusting the conversion price or the exchange ratio and provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of the redemption of the underlying debt securities. These terms may also include provisions under which the number or amount of other securities to be received by the holders of the debt securities upon conversion or exchange would be calculated according to the market price of the other securities as of a time stated in the prospectus supplement.
Issuance of Securities in Registered Form
We may issue the debt securities in registered form, in which case we may issue them either in book-entry form only or in “certificated” form. Debt securities issued in book-entry form will be represented by global securities. We expect that we will usually issue debt securities in book-entry only form represented by global securities.
Book-Entry Holders
We will issue registered debt securities in book-entry form only, unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means debt securities will be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a depositary that will hold them on behalf of financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the debt securities held by the depositary or its nominee. These institutions may hold these interests on behalf of themselves or customers.
Under the indenture, only the person in whose name a debt security is registered is recognized as the holder of that debt security. Consequently, for debt securities issued in book-entry form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the debt securities and we will make all payments on the debt securities to the depositary. The depositary will then pass along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn will pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the debt securities.
As a result, investors will not own debt securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the debt securities are represented by one or more global securities, investors will be indirect holders, and not holders, of the debt securities.
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Street Name Holders
In the future, we may issue debt securities in certificated form or terminate a global security. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their debt securities in their own names or in “street name.” Debt securities held in street name are registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution chosen by the investor, and the investor would hold a beneficial interest in those debt securities through the account he or she maintains at that institution.
For debt securities held in street name, we will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the debt securities are registered as the holders of those debt securities and we will make all payments on those debt securities to them. These institutions will pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold debt securities in street name will be indirect holders, and not holders, of the debt securities.
Legal Holders
Our obligations, as well as the obligations of the applicable trustee and those of any third parties employed by us or the applicable trustee, run only to the legal holders of the debt securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a debt security or has no choice because we are issuing the debt securities only in book-entry form.
For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, if we want to obtain the approval of the holders for any purpose (for example, to amend an indenture or to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture), we would seek the approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the debt securities. Whether and how the holders contact the indirect holders is up to the holders.
When we refer to you, we mean those who invest in the debt securities being offered by this prospectus, whether they are the holders or only indirect holders of those debt securities. When we refer to your debt securities, we mean the debt securities in which you hold a direct or indirect interest.
Special Considerations for Indirect Holders
If you hold debt securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form or in street name, we urge you to check with that institution to find out:
● | how it handles securities payments and notices, |
● | whether it imposes fees or charges, |
● | how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required, |
● | whether and how you can instruct it to send you debt securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future for a particular series of debt securities, |
● | how it would exercise rights under the debt securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests, and |
● | if the debt securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters. |
Global Securities
As noted above, we usually will issue debt securities as registered securities in book-entry form only. A global security represents one or any other number of individual debt securities. Generally, all debt securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.
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Each debt security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all debt securities issued in book-entry form.
A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary or its nominee, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “—Special Situations when a Global Security Will Be Terminated”. As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all debt securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that has an account with the depositary. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a holder of the debt security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.
Special Considerations for Global Securities
As an indirect holder, an investor’s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. The depositary that holds the global security will be considered the holder of the debt securities represented by the global security.
If debt securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:
● | An investor cannot cause the debt securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain certificates for his or her interest in the debt securities, except in the special situations we describe below. |
● | An investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the debt securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the debt securities, as we describe under “—Issuance of Securities in Registered Form” above. |
● | An investor may not be able to sell interests in the debt securities to some insurance companies and other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form. |
● | An investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the debt securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective. |
● | The depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in a global security. We and the trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security. We and the trustee also do not supervise the depositary in any way. |
● | If we redeem less than all the debt securities of a particular series being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount to be redeemed from each of its participants holding that series. |
● | An investor is required to give notice of exercise of any option to elect repayment of its debt securities, through its participant, to the applicable trustee and to deliver the related debt securities by causing its participant to transfer its interest in those debt securities, on DTC’s records, to the applicable trustee. |
● | DTC requires that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security deposited in its book-entry system use immediately available funds. Your broker or bank may also require you to use immediately available funds when purchasing or selling interests in a global security. |
● | Financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the debt securities. There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries. |
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Termination of a Global Security
If a global security is terminated, interests in it will be exchanged for certificates in non-book-entry form (certificated securities). After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold the certificated debt securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in a global security transferred on termination to their own names, so that they will be holders. We have described the rights of legal holders and street name investors under “—Issuance of Securities in Registered Form” above.
The prospectus supplement may list situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of debt securities covered by the prospectus supplement. If a global security is terminated, only the depositary, and not we or the applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions in whose names the debt securities represented by the global security will be registered and, therefore, who will be the holders of those debt securities.
Payment and Paying Agents
We will pay interest to the person listed in the applicable trustee’s records as the owner of the debt security at the close of business on a particular day in advance of each due date for interest, even if that person no longer owns the debt security on the interest due date. That day, usually about two weeks in advance of the interest due date, is called the “record date.” Because we will pay all the interest for an interest period to the holders on the record date, holders buying and selling debt securities must work out between themselves the appropriate purchase price. The most common manner is to adjust the sales price of the debt securities to prorate interest fairly between buyer and seller based on their respective ownership periods within the particular interest period. This prorated interest amount is called “accrued interest.”
Payments on Global Securities
We will make payments on a global security in accordance with the applicable policies of the depositary as in effect from time to time. Under those policies, we will make payments directly to the depositary, or its nominee, and not to any indirect holders who own beneficial interests in the global security. An indirect holder’s right to those payments will be governed by the rules and practices of the depositary and its participants.
Payments on Certificated Securities
We will make payments on a certificated debt security as follows. We will pay interest that is due on an interest payment date to the holder of debt securities as shown on the trustee’s records as of the close of business on the regular record date at our office in New York, NY and/or at other offices that may be specified in the prospectus supplement. We will make all payments of principal and premium, if any, by check at the office of the applicable trustee in New York, NY and/or at other offices that may be specified in the prospectus supplement or in a notice to holders against surrender of the debt security.
Alternatively, at our option, we may pay any interest that becomes due on the debt security by mailing a check to the holder at his or her address shown on the trustee’s records as of the close of business on the regular record date or by transfer to an account at a bank in the United States, in either case, on the due date.
Payment When Offices Are Closed
Except as otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, if any payment is due on a debt security on a day that is not a business day, we will make the payment on the next day that is a business day. Payments made on the next business day in this situation will be treated under the indenture as if they were made on the original due date, except as otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such payment will not result in a default under any debt security or the indenture, and no interest will accrue on the payment amount from the original due date to the next day that is a business day.
Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how they will receive payments on their debt securities.
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Events of Default
You will have rights if an Event of Default occurs in respect of the debt securities of your series and is not cured, as described later in this subsection.
The term “Event of Default” in respect of the debt securities of your series means any of the following (unless the prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities states otherwise):
(1) | we default in the payment of any interest upon a debt securities of the series when due and payable and the default continues for a period of 30 days; |
(2) | we default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) a debt security of the series when it becomes due and payable at its maturity, including upon any redemption date or required repurchase date, and the default continues for a period of five days; |
(3) | we fail for 60 consecutive days after written notice from the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the debt securities of the series then outstanding to us and the trustee, as applicable, has been received to comply with any of our other agreements with respect to debt securities of the series; |
(4) | pursuant to Section 18(a)(1)(C)(ii) and Section 61 of the 1940 Act, or any successor provisions, on the last business day of each of 24 consecutive calendar months, any class of securities shall have an asset coverage (as such term is used in the 1940 Act) of less than 100%, giving effect to any amendments to such provisions of the 1940 Act or to any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC; |
(5) | we file for bankruptcy or certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization involving us occur and remain undischarged or unstayed for a period of 60 days; |
(6) | we do not deposit any sinking fund payment in respect of debt securities of the series on its due date, and do not cure this default within five days; and |
(7) | any other Event of Default in respect of debt securities of the series described in the applicable prospectus supplement occurs. |
An Event of Default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the same or any other indenture. The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any default, except in the payment of principal, premium or interest, if it in good faith considers the withholding of notice to be in the interests of the holders.
Remedies If an Event of Default Occurs
If an Event of Default has occurred and has not been cured, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series may declare the entire principal amount of all the debt securities of that series to be due and immediately payable. This is called a declaration of acceleration of maturity. A declaration of acceleration of maturity may be canceled by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series if (1) we have deposited with the trustee all amounts due and owing with respect to the securities (other than principal that has become due solely by reason of such acceleration) and certain other amounts, and (2) any other Events of Default have been cured or waived.
Except in cases of default, where the trustee has some special duties, the trustee is not required to take any action under the indenture at the request of any holders unless the holders offer the trustee reasonable protection from expenses and liability (called an “indemnity”). If indemnity satisfactory to the trustee is provided, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the relevant series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any lawsuit or other formal legal action seeking any remedy available to the trustee. The trustee may refuse to follow those directions in certain circumstances. No delay or omission in exercising any right or remedy will be treated as a waiver of that right, remedy or Event of Default.
Before you are allowed to bypass your trustee and bring your own lawsuit or other formal legal action or take other steps to enforce your rights or protect your interests relating to the debt securities, the following must occur:
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● | You must give your trustee written notice that an Event of Default with respect to the relevant series of debt securities has occurred and remains uncured. |
● | The holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all outstanding debt securities of the relevant series must make a written request that the trustee take action because of the default and must offer to the trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the cost, expenses, and other liabilities of taking that action. |
● | The trustee must not have taken action for 60 days after receipt of the above notice and offer of security or indemnity. |
● | The holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series must not have given the trustee a direction inconsistent with the above notice during that 60-day period. |
However, you are entitled at any time to bring a lawsuit for the payment of money due on your debt securities on or after the due date.
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of the affected series may waive any past defaults other than a default
● | in the payment of principal, any premium, or interest or |
● | in respect of a covenant that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of each holder. |
Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how to give notice or direction to or make a request of the trustee and how to declare or cancel an acceleration of maturity.
Each year, we will furnish to each trustee a written statement of certain of our officers certifying that to their knowledge we are in compliance with the indenture and the debt securities or else specifying any default.
Merger, Consolidation or Sale of Assets
Unless the prospectus supplement relating to certain debt securities states otherwise, the indenture will provide that we will not merge or consolidate with or into any other person (other than a merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary into us), or sell, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all our property (provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, a pledge of assets pursuant to any secured debt instrument of the Company or its subsidiaries shall not be deemed to be any such sale, transfer, lease, conveyance or disposition; and provided further that this covenant shall not apply to any sale, transfer, lease, conveyance, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s property to a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company) in any one transaction or series of related transactions unless:
● | we are the surviving person (the “Surviving Person”) or the Surviving Person (if other than us) formed by such merger or consolidation or to which such sale, transfer, lease, conveyance or disposition is made shall be a corporation or limited liability company organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof; |
● | the Surviving Person (if other than us) expressly assumes, by supplemental indenture in form reasonably satisfactory to the trustee, executed and delivered to the trustee by such Surviving Person, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, all the Notes outstanding, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of the indenture to be performed by us; |
● | immediately before and immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of related transactions, no default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and |
● | we shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the trustee, an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such transaction and the supplemental indenture, if any, in respect thereto, comply with this covenant, that all conditions precedent in the indenture relating to such transaction have been complied with. |
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For the purposes of this covenant, the sale, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all the property of one or more of our subsidiaries, which property, if held by us instead of such subsidiaries, would constitute all or substantially all of our property on a consolidated basis, shall be deemed to be the transfer of all or substantially all of our property.
Although there is a limited body of case law interpreting the phrase “substantially all”, there is no precise established definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, in certain circumstances there may be a degree of uncertainty as to whether a particular transaction would involve “all or substantially all” of the properties or assets of a person. As a result, it may be unclear as to whether the merger, consolidation or sale of assets covenant would apply to a particular transaction as described above absent a decision by a court of competent jurisdiction.
Modification or Waiver
There are three types of changes we can make to the indenture and the debt securities issued thereunder.
Changes Requiring Approval
First, there are changes that we cannot make to the debt securities without the specific approval by the holders of debt securities. The following is a list of those types of changes:
● | change the stated maturity of the principal of or interest on the debt securities; |
● | reduce any amounts due on the debt securities; |
● | reduce the amount of principal payable upon acceleration of the maturity of a security following a default; |
● | adversely affect any right of repayment at the holder’s option; |
● | change the place (except as otherwise described in the prospectus or prospectus supplement) or currency of payment on a debt security; |
● | impair your right to sue for payment; |
● | adversely affect any right to convert or exchange a debt security in accordance with its terms; |
● | modify the subordination provisions in the indenture in a manner that is adverse to outstanding holders of the debt securities; |
● | reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities whose consent is needed to modify or amend the indenture; |
● | reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities whose consent is needed to waive compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or to waive certain defaults; |
● | modify certain of the provisions of the indenture dealing with supplemental indentures, modification and waiver of past defaults, changes to the quorum or voting requirements or the waiver of certain covenants; and |
● | change any obligation we have to pay additional amounts. |
Changes Not Requiring Approval
The second type of change does not require any vote by the holders of the debt securities. This type is limited to clarifications, establishment of the form or terms of new securities of any series as permitted by the indenture, and certain other changes that would not adversely affect holders of the outstanding debt securities in any material respect, including adding additional covenants or events of default. We also do not need any approval to make any change that affects only debt securities to be issued under the indenture after the change takes effect.
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Changes Requiring Majority Approval
Any other change to the indenture and the debt securities would require the following approval:
● | If the change affects only one series of debt securities, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of that series. |
● | If the change affects more than one series of debt securities issued under the same indenture, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all of the series affected by the change, with all affected series voting together as one class for this purpose. |
The holders of a majority in principal amount of a series of debt securities issued under an indenture, or all series, voting together as one class for this purpose, may waive our compliance with some of our covenants in that indenture. However, we cannot obtain a waiver of a payment default or of any of the matters covered by the bullet points included above under “— Changes Requiring Your Approval.”
Further Details Concerning Voting
When taking a vote, we will use the following rules to decide how much principal to attribute to a debt security:
● | For original issue discount securities, we will use the principal amount that would be due and payable on the voting date if the maturity of these debt securities were accelerated to that date because of a default. |
● | For debt securities whose principal amount is not known (for example, because it is based on an index), we will use a special rule for that debt security described in the prospectus supplement. |
● | For debt securities denominated in one or more foreign currencies, we will use the U.S. dollar equivalent. |
● | Debt securities will not be considered outstanding, and therefore not eligible to vote, if we have deposited or set aside in trust money for their payment or redemption. Debt securities will also not be eligible to vote if they have been fully defeased as described later under “— Defeasance — Full Defeasance.” |
We will generally be entitled to set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the holders of outstanding indenture securities that are entitled to vote or take other action under the indenture. If we set a record date for a vote or other action to be taken by holders of one or more series, that vote or action may be taken only by persons who are holders of outstanding indenture securities of those series on the record date and must be taken within eleven months following the record date.
Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how approval may be granted or denied if we seek to change the indenture or the debt securities or request a waiver.
Satisfaction and Discharge
We may satisfy and discharge our obligations under the indenture by delivering to the securities registrar for cancellation all debt securities of the series then outstanding or by depositing with the trustee, in trust, funds in U.S. dollars in an amount sufficient to pay all of the debt securities of the series then outstanding after such debt securities have become due and payable or will become due and payable within one year (or scheduled for redemption within one year). Such discharge is subject to terms contained in the indenture.
Defeasance
The following provisions will be applicable to each series of debt securities unless we state in the applicable prospectus supplement that the provisions of covenant defeasance and full defeasance will not be applicable to that series.
Covenant Defeasance
If certain conditions are satisfied, we can make the deposit described below and be released from some of the restrictive covenants in the indenture under which the particular series was issued. This is called “covenant defeasance.” In that event, you would lose the
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protection of those restrictive covenants but would gain the protection of having money and government securities set aside in trust to repay your debt securities. If applicable, you also would be released from the subordination provisions described under “— Indenture Provisions — Subordination” below. In order to achieve covenant defeasance, we must do the following:
● | If the debt securities of a particular series are denominated in U.S. dollars, we must deposit in trust for the benefit of all holders of the debt securities of a particular series a combination of money and United States government or United States government agency notes or bonds that will generate enough cash, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of independent public accountants, to make interest, principal and any other payments on the debt securities of the particular series on their various due dates. |
● | We must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion of our counsel confirming that, under current U.S. federal income tax law, we may make the above deposit without causing you to recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance or to be taxed on the debt securities any differently than if we did not make the deposit and repaid the debt securities at maturity. |
● | We must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion and officers’ certificate stating that all conditions precedent to covenant defeasance have been complied with. |
● | Covenant defeasance must not result in a breach or violation of, or result in a default under, the indenture or any of our other material agreements or instruments. |
● | No default or Event of Default with respect to such debt securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall have occurred and be continuing and no defaults or events of default related to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization shall occur during the next 90 days. |
● | Satisfy the conditions for covenant defeasance contained in any supplemental indentures. |
If we accomplished covenant defeasance, you can still look to us for repayment of the debt securities if there were a shortfall in the trust deposit or the trustee is prevented from making payment. For example, if one of the remaining Events of Default occurred (such as our bankruptcy) and the debt securities became immediately due and payable, there might be a shortfall. Depending on the event causing the default, you may not be able to obtain payment of the shortfall.
Legal Defeasance
If there is a change in U.S. federal tax law or we obtain an IRS ruling, as described below, we can legally release ourselves from all payment and other obligations on the debt securities of a particular series (called “defeasance” or “legal defeasance”) if we put in place the following other arrangements for you to be repaid:
● | If the debt securities of a particular series are denominated in U.S. dollars, we must deposit in trust for the benefit of all holders of the debt securities of a particular series a combination of money and United States government or United States government agency notes or bonds that will generate enough cash, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of independent public accountants, to make interest, principal and any other payments on the debt securities of the particular series on their various due dates. |
● | We must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion confirming that there has been a change in current U.S. federal tax law or an IRS ruling that allows us to make the above deposit without causing you to recognize income, gain, or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance or to be taxed on the debt securities any differently than if we did not make the deposit and repaid the debt securities at maturity. Under current U.S. federal tax law, the deposit and our legal release from the debt securities would be treated as though we paid you your share of the cash and notes or bonds at the time the cash and notes or bonds were deposited in trust in exchange for your debt securities and you would recognize gain or loss on the debt securities at the time of the deposit. |
● | We must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion and officers’ certificate stating that all conditions precedent to defeasance have been complied with. |
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● | Defeasance must not result in a breach or violation of, or result in a default under, the indenture or any of our other material agreements or instruments. |
● | No default or Event of Default with respect to such debt securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall have occurred and be continuing and no defaults or events of default related to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization shall occur during the next 90 days. |
● | Satisfy the conditions for covenant defeasance contained in any supplemental indentures. |
If we ever accomplished legal defeasance, as described above, you would have to rely solely on the trust deposit for repayment of your debt securities. You could not look to us for repayment in the unlikely event of any shortfall. Conversely, the trust deposit would most likely be protected from claims of our lenders and other creditors if we ever became bankrupt or insolvent. If applicable, you would also be released from the subordination provisions described later under “—Indenture Provisions — Subordination”.
Form, Exchange and Transfer of Certificated Registered Securities
If registered debt securities cease to be issued in book-entry form, they will be issued:
● | only in fully registered certificated form, |
● | without interest coupons, and |
● | unless we indicate otherwise in the prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and amounts that are multiples of $1,000. |
Holders may exchange their certificated securities, if any, for debt securities of smaller denominations or combined into fewer debt securities of larger denominations, as long as the total principal amount is not changed and as long as the denomination is greater than the minimum denomination for such securities.
Holders may exchange or transfer their certificated securities, if any, at the office of their trustee. We have appointed the trustee to act as our agent for registering debt securities in the names of holders transferring debt securities. We may appoint another entity to perform these functions or perform them ourselves.
Holders will not be required to pay a service charge to transfer or exchange their certificated securities, if any, but they may be required to pay any tax or other governmental charge associated with the transfer or exchange. The transfer or exchange will be made only if our transfer agent is satisfied with the holder’s proof of legal ownership.
If we have designated additional transfer agents for your debt security, they will be named in your prospectus supplement. We may appoint additional transfer agents or cancel the appointment of any particular transfer agent. We may also approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts.
If any certificated securities of a particular series are redeemable and we redeem less than all the debt securities of that series, we may block the transfer or exchange of those debt securities during the period beginning 15 days before the day we mail the notice of redemption and ending on the day of that mailing, in order to freeze the list of holders to prepare the mailing. We may also refuse to register transfers or exchanges of any certificated securities selected for redemption, except that we will continue to permit transfers and exchanges of the unredeemed portion of any debt security that will be partially redeemed.
If a registered debt security is issued in book-entry form, only the depositary will be entitled to transfer and exchange the debt security as described in this subsection, since it will be the sole holder of the debt security.
Resignation of Trustee
Each trustee may resign or be removed with respect to one or more series of indenture securities provided that a successor trustee is appointed to act with respect to these series and has accepted such appointment. In the event that two or more persons are acting as trustee with respect to different series of indenture securities under the indenture, each of the trustees will be a trustee of a trust separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee.
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Indenture Provisions — Subordination
Upon any distribution of our assets upon our dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any indenture securities denominated as subordinated debt securities is to be subordinated to the extent provided in the indenture in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness (as defined below), but our obligation to you to make payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such subordinated debt securities will not otherwise be affected. In addition, no payment on account of principal (or premium, if any), sinking fund or interest, if any, may be made on such subordinated debt securities at any time unless full payment of all amounts due in respect of the principal (and premium, if any), sinking fund and interest on Senior Indebtedness has been made or duly provided for in money or money’s worth.
In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment by us is received by the trustee in respect of subordinated debt securities or by the holders of any of such subordinated debt securities before all Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, the payment or distribution must be paid over to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness or on their behalf for application to the payment of all the Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid until all the Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness. Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness upon this distribution by us, the holders of such subordinated debt securities will be subrogated to the rights of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness to the extent of payments made to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness out of the distributive share of such subordinated debt securities.
By reason of this subordination, in the event of a distribution of our assets upon our insolvency, certain of our senior creditors may recover more, ratably, than holders of any subordinated debt securities. The indenture provides that these subordination provisions will not apply to money and securities held in trust under the defeasance provisions of the indenture.
“Senior Indebtedness” is defined in the indenture as the principal of (and premium, if any) and unpaid interest on:
● | our indebtedness (including indebtedness of others guaranteed by us), whenever created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed, for money borrowed (other than indenture securities issued under the indenture and denominated as subordinated debt securities), unless in the instrument creating or evidencing the same or under which the same is outstanding it is provided that this indebtedness is not senior or prior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities, and |
● | renewals, extensions, modifications and refinancings of any of this indebtedness. |
If this prospectus is being delivered in connection with the offering of a series of indenture securities denominated as subordinated debt securities, the accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the approximate amount of our Senior Indebtedness outstanding as of a recent date.
Secured Indebtedness and Ranking
We may issue two types of unsecured indebtedness obligations: senior and subordinated. Senior unsecured indebtedness obligations refer to those that rank senior in right of payment to all of our future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to such indebtedness. Subordinated unsecured indebtedness obligations refer to those that are expressly subordinated in right of payment to other unsecured obligations.
Certain of our indebtedness, including certain series of indenture securities, may be secured. The prospectus supplement for each series of indenture securities will describe the terms of any security interest for such series and will indicate the approximate amount of our secured indebtedness as of a recent date. Any unsecured indenture securities will effectively rank junior to any secured indebtedness, including any secured indenture securities, that we incur in the future to the extent of the value of the assets securing such future secured indebtedness. Our debt securities, whether secured or unsecured, will rank structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by our subsidiaries, financing vehicles or similar facilities, with respect to claims on the assets of any such subsidiaries, financing vehicles, or similar facilities.
In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up, any of our assets that secure secured debt will be available to pay obligations on unsecured debt securities only after all indebtedness under such secured debt has been repaid in full from such assets. We advise you that there may not be sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all unsecured debt securities then outstanding after fulfillment of this obligation. As a result, the holders of unsecured indenture securities may recover less, ratably, than holders of any of our secured indebtedness.
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The Trustee under the Indenture
We intend to use a nationally recognized financial institution to serve as the trustee under the indenture.
Certain Considerations Relating To Foreign Currencies
Debt securities denominated or payable in foreign currencies may entail significant risks. These risks include the possibility of significant fluctuations in the foreign currency markets, the imposition or modification of foreign exchange controls and potential illiquidity in the secondary market. These risks will vary depending upon the currency or currencies involved and will be more fully described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Book-Entry Debt Securities
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be issued in book-entry form, and the Depository Trust Company, or DTC, will act as securities depository for the debt securities. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be issued as fully registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC’s partnership nominee) or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. One fully registered certificate will be issued for the debt securities, in the aggregate principal amount of such issue, and will be deposited with DTC. If, however, the aggregate principal amount of any issue exceeds $500 million, one certificate will be issued with respect to each $500 million of principal amount, and an additional certificate will be issued with respect to any remaining principal amount of such issue.
DTC has advised us that it is:
● | a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York; |
● | a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York State Banking Law; |
● | a member of the Federal Reserve System; |
● | a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the Uniform Commercial Code; and |
● | a “clearing agency” registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act. |
DTC was created to hold securities for its participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between its participants through electronic book-entry changes to the accounts of its participants. DTC’s participants, or Direct Participants, include securities brokers and dealers, including the underwriters; banks and trust companies; clearing corporations and other organizations. Indirect access to DTC’s system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies; these indirect participants clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC participant, either directly or indirectly. Investors who are not DTC participants may beneficially own securities held by or on behalf of DTC only through DTC participants or indirect participants in DTC.
DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, or DTCC. DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly, or Indirect Participants. The DTC Rules applicable to its Participants are on file with the SEC.
Purchases of debt securities under the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the debt securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each security, or Beneficial Owner, is in turn to be recorded on the Direct and Indirect Participants’ records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase. Beneficial Owners are, however, expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participant through which the Beneficial Owner entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the debt securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of Direct and Indirect Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in debt securities, except in the event that use of the book-entry system for the debt securities is discontinued.
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To facilitate subsequent transfers, all debt securities deposited by Direct Participants with DTC are registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co. or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of debt securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other DTC nominee do not effect any change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the debt securities; DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts such debt securities are credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Direct and Indirect Participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.
Redemption notices shall be sent to DTC. If less than all of the debt securities within an issue are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each Direct Participant in such issue to be redeemed.
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (nor any other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to the debt securities unless authorized by a Direct Participant in accordance with DTC’s Procedures. Under its usual procedures, DTC mails an Omnibus Proxy to us as soon as possible after the record date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.’s consenting or voting rights to those Direct Participants to whose accounts the debt securities are credited on the record date (identified in a listing attached to the Omnibus Proxy).
Redemption proceeds, distributions, and interest payments on the debt securities will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit Direct Participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us or the trustee on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC’s records. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such Participant and not of DTC or its nominee, the trustee, or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions, and interest payments to Cede & Co. (or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC) is the responsibility of us or the trustee, but disbursement of such payments to Direct Participants will be the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial Owners will be the responsibility of Direct and Indirect Participants.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as depository with respect to the debt securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us or to the trustee. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor depository is not obtained, certificates are required to be printed and delivered. We may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry-only transfers through DTC (or a successor securities depository). In that event, certificates will be printed and delivered to DTC.
The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC’s book-entry system has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy thereof.
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REGULATION
The information contained in “Part I, Item 1. Business—Regulation as a Business Development Company” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings or series, up to $250,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, subscription rights to purchase shares of our common stock or warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, in one or more underwritten public offerings, at-the-market offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades, best efforts offerings or a combination of these methods.
We may sell the securities through underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more purchasers, including existing stockholders in a rights offering, through agents designated from time to time by us or through a combination of any such methods of sale. Any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. A prospectus supplement or supplements will also describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including: the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; any options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation; the public offering price; any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed; and, in the case of a rights offering, the number of shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of each right. Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
The distribution of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices, provided, however, that the offering price per share of any common stock offered by us, less any underwriting commissions or discounts, must equal or exceed the net asset value per share of our common stock at the time of the offering except (a) in connection with a rights offering to our existing stockholders, (b) with the consent of the majority of our outstanding voting securities or (c) under such circumstances as the SEC may permit. The price at which securities may be distributed may represent a discount from prevailing market prices.
In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters or agents may receive compensation from us, or from purchasers of the securities, for whom they may act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions they receive from us and any profit realized by them on the resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any such underwriter or agent will be identified and any such compensation received from us will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The maximum aggregate commission or discount to be received by any member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or independent broker-dealer will not be greater than 10% of the gross proceeds of the sale of securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. We may also reimburse the underwriter or agent for certain fees and legal expenses incurred by it.
Any underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the option to purchase additional shares from us or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, the agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no trading market, other than our common stock, which is traded on Nasdaq. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchanges, but we are not obligated to do so. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
Under agreements that we may enter, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of the securities may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to
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payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase securities from us pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which such contracts may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others, but in all cases such institutions must be approved by us. The obligations of any purchaser under any such contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the securities shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which such purchaser is subject. The underwriters and such other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts. Such contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth the commission payable for solicitation of such contracts.
We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third parties in such sale transactions will be underwriters and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities offered hereby will be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.
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CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR
Our securities and loan documents are held by U.S. Bank, National Association, pursuant to a custodian agreement. The principal business address of U.S. Bank, National Association, is 190 S. LaSalle Street, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60603. American Stock Transfer & Trust Company LLC will serve as our transfer agent, distribution paying agent and registrar. The principal business address of American Stock Transfer & Trust Company LLC is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
Since we will acquire and dispose of many of our investments in privately negotiated transactions, many of the transactions that we engage in will not require the use of brokers or the payment of brokerage commissions. Subject to policies established by our Board, the Adviser will be primarily responsible for selecting brokers and dealers to execute transactions with respect to the publicly traded securities portion of our portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage commissions. The Adviser does not expect to execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer but will seek to obtain the best net results for us under the circumstances, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution and operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. The Adviser generally will seek reasonably competitive trade execution costs but will not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable legal requirements and consistent with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Adviser may select a broker based upon brokerage or research services provided to the Adviser and us and any other clients. In return for such services, we may pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common stock offered hereby and certain legal matters for us in connection with the offering will be passed upon for us by Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP. Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP also represents the Adviser.
Certain legal matters in connection with the offering will be passed upon for the underwriters, if any, by the counsel named in the prospectus supplement.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The consolidated financial statements, financial highlights, and senior securities table of Runway Growth Finance Corp. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023 incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Runway Growth Finance Corp. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 have been audited by RSM US LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report thereon, incorporated herein by reference, and have been incorporated in this prospectus and Registration Statement in reliance upon such report and upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The address of RSM US LLP is 30 South Wacker Drive, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form N-2, together with all amendments and related exhibits, under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. The registration statement contains additional information about us and the securities being offered by this prospectus.
We also file with or submit to the SEC periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information meeting the informational requirements of the 1934 Act.
We furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing audited financial statements, quarterly reports, and such other periodic reports as we determine to be appropriate or as may be required by law.
We make available on our website (https://runwaygrowth.com/document-center/) our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K. The SEC also maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains such information. The reference to our website is an inactive textual reference only and the information contained on our website or the SEC’s website is not incorporated as a part of this prospectus. You may also obtain such information free of charge by contacting us in writing at 205 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 4200, Chicago, IL 60601, or by emailing us at investors@runwaygrowth.com.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC. We are allowed to “incorporate by reference” the information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to such information incorporated by reference. The information incorporated by reference is considered to comprise a part of this prospectus from the date we file any such document. Any reports filed by us with the SEC subsequent to the date of this prospectus and before the date that any offering of any securities by means of this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, if any, is terminated will automatically update and, where applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus our filings listed below and any future filings that we may file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, subsequent to the date of this prospectus until all of the securities offered by this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, if any, have been sold or we otherwise terminate the offering of those securities; provided, however, that information “furnished” under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K or other information “furnished” to the SEC which is not deemed filed is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, if any. Information that we file with the SEC subsequent to the date of this prospectus will automatically update and may supersede information in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, if any, and other information previously filed with the SEC.
The prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that have been previously filed with the SEC:
● | our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 7, 2024; |
● | our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on July 3, 2024; |
● | our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on December 13, 2024; |
● | our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on May 7, 2024, August 8, 2024, and November 12, 2024, respectively; |
● | our Current Reports on Form 8-K (other than information furnished rather than filed) filed with the SEC on January 11, 2024, March 7, 2024, April 9, 2024, May 7, 2024, May 15, 2024, July 11, 2024, August 8, 2024, August 26, 2024, October 8, 2024, November 1, 2024, November 12, 2024, November 18, 2024 and March 17, 2025; and |
● | the description of our Common Stock referenced in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (No. 001-40938), as filed with the SEC on October 20, 2021, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description prior to the termination of the offering of the common stock registered hereby. |
See “Available Information” for information on how to obtain a copy of these filings
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Runway Growth Finance Corp.
PART C
Other Information
ITEM 25. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
The financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 have been incorporated by reference in this registration statement in “Part A — Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”
The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 also have been incorporated by reference in this registration statement in “Part A — Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”
(2) Exhibits
Exhibit No. |
| Description |
---|---|---|
(a)(1) | ||
(a)(2) | ||
(b)(1) | ||
(c)(1) | Voting Proxy of OCM Growth Holdings, LLC in favor of Runway Growth Credit Fund Inc.(3) |
(e)(1) | ||
(f) | Not applicable |
(g)(1) | ||
(g)(2) | ||
(g)(3) | ||
(g)(4) | ||
(h)(1) | ||
(h)(2) | ||
(h)(3) |
C-1
(k)(5) | ||
(k)(6) | ||
(k)(7) | ||
(k)(8) | ||
(k)(9) | ||
(k)(10) | ||
(k)(11) | ||
(k)(12) | ||
(k)(13) | ||
(k)(14) | ||
(k)(15) | ||
(k)(16) | ||
(k)(17) | ||
(k)(18) | ||
(l) | ||
(n)(1) | ||
(r) |
*filed herewith
C-2
(1) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2016. |
(2) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 19, 2021. |
(3) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2017. |
(4) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 31, 2025. |
(5) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 000-55544) filed with the SEC on February 12, 2016. |
(6) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 9, 2017. |
(7) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 28, 2018. |
(8) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 14, 2023. |
(9) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 6, 2019. |
(10) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 12, 2020. |
(11) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 4, 2020. |
(12) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2021. |
(13) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333- 259824) filed with the SEC on September 27, 2021. |
(14) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 27, 2021. |
(15) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 13, 2021. |
(16) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2023. |
(17) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2022. |
(18) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2022. |
(19) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 9, 2023. |
(20) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2023. |
(21) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2025. |
(22) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-284781) filed with the SEC on February 7, 2025. |
(23) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-262146) filed with the SEC on April 20, 2022. |
(24) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 28, 2022. |
(25) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 7, 2022. |
(26) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 13, 2017. |
(27) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 28, 2021. |
(28) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2022. |
(29) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 22, 2022. |
Item 26. Marketing Arrangements
The information contained under the heading “Underwriting” in this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
| Amount in | ||
thousands | |||
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee | $ | 38,275 | |
Printing expenses(1) | $ | 153,000 | |
Legal fees and expenses(1) | $ | 500,000 | |
Accounting fees and expenses(1) | $ | 250,000 | |
Miscellaneous(1) | $ | 70,000 | |
Total. | $ | 1,011,275 |
(1) | These amounts are estimates. |
Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control
The information contained under the headings “The Company,” “Management,” “Related-Party Transactions and Certain Relationships” and “Control Persons and Principal Shareholders” in this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 29. Number of Holders of Securities
The following table sets forth the approximate number of record holders of our common stock as of March 14, 2025.
Title of Class |
|
|
Common Stock |
| 38 |
Item 30. Indemnification
Section 2-418 of the Maryland General Corporation Law allows for the indemnification of officers, directors and any corporate agents in terms sufficiently broad to indemnify these persons under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement for expenses, incurred arising under the Securities Act. Our charter and bylaws provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by law and this right to indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives; provided, however, that, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, we are not obligated to indemnify any director or officer (or his or her heirs, executors or personal or legal representatives) in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by the person unless the proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board. The right to indemnification conferred includes the right to be paid by us the expenses incurred in defending or otherwise participating in any proceeding in advance of its final disposition.
So long as we are regulated under the 1940 Act, the above indemnification is limited by the 1940 Act or by any valid rule, regulation or order of the SEC thereunder. The 1940 Act provides, among other things, that a company may not indemnify any director or officer against liability to it or its security holders to which he or she might otherwise be subject by reason of his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office unless a determination is made by final decision of a court, by vote of a majority of a quorum of directors who are disinterested, non-party directors or by independent legal counsel that the liability for which indemnification is sought did not arise out of the foregoing conduct.
The Adviser and its affiliates (each, an “Indemnitee”) are not liable to us for (i) mistakes of judgment or for action or inaction that such person reasonably believed to be in our best interests absent such Indemnitee’s gross negligence, knowing and willful misconduct, or fraud or (ii) losses or expenses due to mistakes of judgment, action or inaction, or the negligence, dishonesty or bad faith of any broker or other agent of the Company who is not an affiliate of such Indemnitee, provided that such person was selected, engaged or retained without gross negligence, willful misconduct, or fraud.
We will indemnify each Indemnitee against any liabilities relating to the offering of our common stock or our business, operation, administration or termination, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner it believed to be in, or not opposed to, our interests and except to the extent arising out of the Indemnitee’s gross negligence, fraud or knowing and willful misconduct. We may pay the expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in defending an actual or threatened civil or criminal action in advance of the final disposition of such action, provided the Indemnitee agrees to repay those expenses if found by adjudication not to be entitled to indemnification.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser.
A description of any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which the Adviser, and each managing director, director or executive officer of the Adviser, is or has been during the past two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in this Registration Statement in the sections entitled “The Company,” “Management” and “Management and Other Agreements.” Additional information regarding the Adviser and its officers is set forth in its Form ADV, filed with the SEC (SEC File No. 801-108476), and is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records.
All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules thereunder are maintained at the offices of:
(1) | The Registrant, 205 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 4200, Chicago, IL 60601; |
(2) | The custodian, U.S. Bank, National Association, One Federal Street, 3rd Floor, Boston MA 02110; |
(3) | The transfer agent, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company LLC 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219; and |
(4) | The Adviser, 205 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 4200, Chicago, IL 60601. |
Item 33. Management Services
Not Applicable.
Item 34. Undertakings
(1) | Not applicable. |
(2) | Not applicable. |
(3) | (a)to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement: |
(i)to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii)to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b), if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii)to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(i), (ii) and (iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is filed pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of Form N-2 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference into the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b), that is part of the registration statement;
(b) that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;
(c) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of those securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;
(d) that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser,
(i) | if the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B: |
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(A) each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (x), or (xi) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date;
(ii) that if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than prospectuses relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness, provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use;
(e)that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
(iv)any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser;
(4) | Not applicable. |
(5) | that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; |
(6) | insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is |
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against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
(7) | Not applicable. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form N-2 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Chicago, and the State of Illinois on the 18th day of March 2025.
RUNWAY GROWTH FINANCE CORP. | |||
By: | /s/ R. David Spreng | ||
Name: | R. David Spreng | ||
Title: | President, Chief Executive Officer and | ||
Chairman of the Board of Directors |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on March 18, 2025.
Date: March 18, 2025 | By: | /s/ R. David Spreng |
R. David Spreng | ||
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Date: March 18, 2025 | By: | /s/ Thomas B. Raterman |
Thomas B. Raterman | ||
Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ||
Date: March 18, 2025 | By: | * |
Gary Kovacs | ||
Director | ||
Date: March 18, 2025 | By: | * |
Catherine Frey | ||
Director | ||
Date: March 18, 2025 | By: | * |
Julie Persily | ||
Director | ||
Date: March 18, 2025 | By: | * |
John Engel | ||
Director |
* Signed by Thomas B. Raterman pursuant to a power of attorney signed by each individual and filed with this Registration Statement on February 7, 2025.
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