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Financial Instruments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Financial Instruments [Text Block]

5. Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, bank indebtedness, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximated their fair values as of September 30, 2019 due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the advance, long-term debt, obligations under capital lease, convertible promissory notes, mortgage payable and loans payable to related parties approximated their fair values due to their market interest rates.

 

Interest, Credit and Concentration Risk

In the opinion of management, the Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk on its long-term debt of $3,785,210 ($5,012,859 CAD) (December 31, 2018-$3,727,778; $5,085,645 CAD) and on its convertible promissory notes, should the Company repay all or some of these convertible promissory notes within the stipulated time period.

With regards to credit risk with customers, the customers’ credit evaluation is reviewed by management and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. The Company believes that no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for by the allowance for doubtful accounts are inherent in accounts receivable. As at September 30, 2019, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $nil (December 31, 2018-$nil).

As at September 30, 2019, the Company is exposed to concentration risk as it had three customers (December 31, 2018-five customers) representing greater than 5% of total trade receivables and these three customers (December 31, 2018-five customers) represented 73% (2018-90%) of trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue. These customers accounted for 71% (37%, 21%, and 13%) (September 30, 2018-67%; 31%, 26% and 10%) of total revenue.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is unable to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company takes steps to ensure it has sufficient working capital and available sources of financing to meet future cash requirements for capital programs and operations. The Company is in discussions with a Canadian chartered bank to refinance its obligations to PACE and to another creditor. Refer also to going concern, note 2.

 

The Company actively monitors its liquidity to ensure that its cash flows and working capital are adequate to support its financial obligations and the Company's capital programs. In order to continue operations, the Company will need to raise capital, repay PACE for all or a portion of its credit facilities and complete the refinancing of its real property and organic composting facility. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown. Refer also to going concern, note 2.

Currency Risk

Although the Company's functional currency is the CAD, the Company realizes a portion of its expenses in USD. Consequently, certain assets and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As at September 30, 2019, $169,249 (December 31, 2018-$68,393) of the Company's net monetary liabilities were denominated in USD. The Company has not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce the exposure to currency risk.