3. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10‑Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2020 and its results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, cash flows for the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Operating results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending September 30, 2020. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, presented herein, do not contain the required disclosures under GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended September 30, 2019 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 19, 2019.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Due to the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, including as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, actual results may materially vary from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary.

Net loss per share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

For purposes of calculating diluted loss per common share, the denominator includes both the weighted average common shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include warrants, stock options and non-vested restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards using the treasury stock method. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to compute basic and diluted shares due to the Company’s loss.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share:


	Three months ended March 31,		Six months ended March 31,
	2020	2019	2020		2019
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (17,459,591)	$ (11,289,962)	$	(35,937,275)	$	(21,182,314)
Common stock outstanding (weighted average)	47,895,771	11,529,033		38,849,364		10,677,020
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$ (0.36)	$ (0.98)	$	(0.93)	$	(1.98)

The following potentially dilutive securities (in common stock equivalents) have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, as they would be antidilutive:


	As of March 31,
	2020	2019
Series A-1 convertible preferred stock	—	1,195,295
Convertible senior secured notes	—	957,482
Convertible unsecured notes	—	147,347
Performance-based stock units	2,470	16,131
Restricted stock units	—	7,156
Stock options	2,218,551	541,746
Common stock warrants	6,463,338	5,660,949

Recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements

On October 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASC 842” or “ASU 2016-02”) issued by the FASB in February 2016 which was subsequently supplemented by clarifying guidance to improve financial reporting of leasing transactions. The new lease accounting guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for all leases with initial terms longer than 12 months and provides enhanced disclosures on key information of leasing arrangements. The guidance allowed companies to apply the requirements retrospectively, either to all prior periods presented or through a cumulative adjustment in the year of adoption.

The Company adopted the new standard effective October 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method using the package of practical expedients and a discount rate of 9% and elected to not apply the standard in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. The Company has implemented the internal controls to monitor and record historical and future lease arrangements and required disclosures. For all existing operating leases as of September 30, 2019, the Company recorded right of use assets of $352,172 and corresponding lease liabilities of $318,672 with an offset to other liabilities of $33,500 to eliminate deferred rent on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded right of use assets of $2,525,000 and corresponding finance lease liabilities of $3,558,080 for leases previously classified as capital leases. This did not include an existing lease termination obligation of $3,909,448 pertaining to a lease for premises that had been leased in Cranbury, New Jersey for a planned office and laboratory expansion that did not materialize, and which prior termination remained unchanged as a result of the transition. Refer to Note 9 for the Company’s lease disclosures.

At lease commencement, the Company records a lease liability based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term including any options to extend the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The Company calculates the present value of lease payments using an incremental borrowing rate as the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. At the lease commencement date, the Company records a corresponding right-of-use lease asset based on the lease liability, adjusted for any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs paid to the lessor prior to the lease commencement date. The Company may enter into leases with an initial term of 12 months or less (“Short-Term Leases”). For Short-Term Leases, the Company records the rent expense on a straight-line basis and does not record the leases on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company had no Short-Term Leases as of March 31, 2020.

After lease commencement, the Company measures its leases as follows: (i) the lease liability based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using the discount rate determined at lease commencement and (ii) the right-of-use lease asset based on the re-measured lease liability, adjusted for any unamortized lease incentives received, any unamortized initial direct costs and the cumulative difference between rent expense and amounts paid under the lease agreement. Any lease incentives received, and any initial direct costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.

The adoption of the new lease accounting standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows.

On October 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting Compensation, issued by the FASB in June 2018. The amendments in this ASU expanded the scope of Compensation—Stock Compensation (“Topic 718”) to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The amendments specified that Topic 718 applied to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The Company applied the new guidance to share-based payments entered after October 1, 2019.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018‑13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"), which removes and modifies some existing disclosure requirements and adds others. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and removes the requirement to disclose (1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, (2) the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and (3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 requires disclosure of changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.