Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation	Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include BayFirst Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, First Home Bank, together referred to as “the Company”. BayFirst Financial Corp. is a registered bank holding company, incorporated under the laws of the State of Florida. The Company owns all outstanding stock of First Home Bank (the “Bank”), a Florida chartered commercial bank. A significant portion of the Company’s assets and revenues are derived from the operations of the Bank. The Company provides a variety of traditional community banking services through its full-service banking centers located in St. Petersburg, Seminole, Pinellas Park, Clearwater, Sarasota, Tampa, and Belleair Bluffs, Florida. The Bank’s primary deposit products are demand deposits, NOW accounts, money market accounts, savings deposits, and time deposits and its primary lending products are residential mortgage, commercial, and installment loans. In addition, the Company provides lending services nationwide to small business customers, and as such, a significant portion of the loans originated by the Bank are guaranteed by the SBA. The guaranteed portion of the SBA loan can be sold in the secondary market, and the Bank routinely engages in the sale of participating interests of the non-guaranteed portion. The Company also engages in mortgage banking activities with offices located in a number of states and as such, originates and sells one-to-four family residential mortgage loans in the secondary market.
Segment Reporting and Operating Segments	The Company principally operates in two business segments, Banking and Residential Mortgage Lending.Operating Segments: Operating segments as defined by FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The accounting policies of operating segments are the same as those described elsewhere in this footnote. Revenue for all segments is derived from external sources.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for loan losses, SBA loan servicing rights, and fair value of residential loans held for sale and residential mortgage derivatives.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications: Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders’ equity.
Cash Flows	Cash Flows: Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with other financial institutions with original maturities less than 90 days, and federal funds sold. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions, and federal funds purchased.
Contingencies and Loss Contingencies	Contingencies: Due to the nature of their activities, the Company and its subsidiary are at times engaged in various legal proceedings that arise in the course of normal business, some of which were outstanding as of December 31, 2021. Although the ultimate outcome of all claims and lawsuits outstanding as of December 31, 2021 cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management that these matters, when resolved, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted	New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted: Allowance for credit losses: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This new guidance was issued to replace the incurred loss model for loans and other financial assets with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the CECL model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and debt securities held to maturity. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (i.e., loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in certain leases recognized by a lessor. In addition, the amendments in ASU 2016-13 require credit losses on securities available for sale to be presented as a valuation allowance rather than as a direct write-down thereon. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted; however, the Company has elected to adopt new or revised accounting standards using the delayed effective dates applicable to Emerging Growth Companies. Management is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on its Consolidated Financial Statements, processes, and controls and is not currently able to reasonably estimate the impact of adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows; however, adoption is likely to lead to significant changes in accounting policies related to, and the methods employed in estimating, the allowance for credit losses. It is possible that the impact will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. To date, the Company has established a CECL steering committee, has developed an implementation plan, and is implementing software to house and maintain the CECL model.
Time Deposits in Banks	Time Deposits in Banks: Time deposits with other banks have maturities ranging from August 2023 through December 2025 and bear interest at rates ranging from 2.15% to 3.50%. None of the time deposit had maturities of 12 months or less at the time of origination. All investments in time deposit are with FDIC insured financial institutions and none exceed the maximum insurable amount of $250,000.
Investment Securities	Investment Securities: Investment securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. The company has one debt security classified as held-to-maturity since management had the intent and ability to hold the security to maturity. The remaining investment securities are classified as available for sale since the Company may sell them before maturity. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities are included in other comprehensive income and the related accumulated unrealized holding gains and losses are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment. Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments. Management evaluates securities for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis.
Restricted Equity Securities	Restricted Equity Securities: Restricted equity securities consist of FHLB Stock, FRB Stock, and stock in a correspondent bank, all of which are considered equity securities without readily determinable fair values. The Bank is a member of the FHLB system, and members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors and may invest in additional amounts. The Bank is also a member of its regional FRB.
Loans Held For Sale	Loans Held for Sale: The Company designates government guaranteed loans as held for sale based on its intent to sell guaranteed or non-guaranteed portions of these loans in the secondary market. The Company makes the determination of which loans to sell during each quarter, and these loans are typically sold and settled prior to quarter-end. Government guaranteed loans held for sale are accounted for at lower of cost or fair value. Gains or losses on the sale of these loans are recorded in non-interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.The Company also originates residential loans intended for sale in the secondary market which are carried at fair value with gains and losses recorded in non-interest income. Most residential loans are sold servicing released, so there is no servicing income recognized on those loans or an associated servicing asset recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest income is recognized on those loans held for sale until the loan sale is fully completed and the loan is transferred. Interest income on loans held for sale is reflected along with portfolio loans in interest and fees on loans in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Loans	Loans: Except for certain loans for which the fair value option was elected during 2018, as discussed in Note 5, all other loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balances. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments. In general, interest income is discontinued, and the loan is placed on non-accrual status, at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Mortgage and commercial loans are evaluated on a loan-by-loan basis and are charged off to the extent principal is deemed uncollectible. Other consumer and personal loans continue to accrue interest and are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Non-accrual loans and loans past due more than 89 days and still on accrual include both smaller balance homogenous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. All interest accrued but not collected for loans placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received in cash. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future contractal payments are reasonably assured.
Concentration of Credit	Concentration of Credit: The Company grants residential and commercial real estate, construction and land, commercial and industrial, and consumer loans in the State of Florida with primary concentration being the Tampa Bay region. The Company also grants residential real estate and SBA commercial real estate, construction and land, and commercial and industrial loans nationwide. Although the Company’s loan portfolio is diversified, a significant portion of its loans are secured by real estate. The following loan segments have been identified: Residential Real Estate – The Bank originates residential real estate loans for the purchase or refinancing of a mortgage in the Tampa Bay region. These loans are primarily collateralized by owner and non-owner occupied properties located in Tampa Bay and are held at amortized cost in the Company’s loan portfolio. The Bank also originates residential real estate loans nationwide for the purchase or refinancing of a mortgage. These loans are primarily collateralized by owner and non-owner occupied properties located in the area in which they were originated, and these loans are sold into the secondary market. Commercial Real Estate – Commercial real estate loans consist of loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, and expansions and improvements to commercial properties. These loans are secured primarily by first liens and may include office buildings, apartments, retail and mixed-use properties, churches, warehouses, and restaurants. Commercial real estate loans are generally larger than residential real estate loans and involve greater credit risk. The repayment of these loans largely depends on the results of operations and management of these properties. Construction and Land – Construction and land loans consist of loans to individuals for the construction of a primary or secondary residence and, in some cases, to real estate investors to acquire and develop land. To the extent construction loans are not made to owner-occupants of single-family homes, they are more vulnerable to changes in economic conditions. Further, the nature of these loans is such that they are more difficult to evaluate and monitor. The risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value upon completion of the project and the estimated cost, including interest, of the project. Commercial and Industrial – Commercial and industrial loans consist of business loans to small and medium sized businesses in the Tampa Bay region and nationwide SBA loans. Commercial and industrial loans are generally used for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment, inventory, or furniture. These loans are generally secured by accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment. Commercial and industrial loans are typically made based on the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business, which makes them of higher risk than residential real estate loans, and the collateral securing loans may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. Commercial and Industrial - PPP – Commercial and industrial PPP loans consist of all loans originated under the SBA 7(a) loan PPP pursuant to the CARES Act economic relief program and carry a 100% government guarantee. Consumer and Other – Consumer and other loans mainly consist of automobile, revolving credit plans, and other loans. The Bank’s consumer loans may be uncollateralized and rely on the borrower’s income for repayment.
Allowance for Loan Losses	Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company has granted an economic concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider are considered TDRs. In these instances, as part of a work-out alternative, the Company will make concessions including the extension of the loan term, a payment moratorium, a reduction in the interest rate, a period of interest-only payments, or a combination thereof. The impact of the TDR modifications and defaults are factored into the allowance for loan losses on a loan-by-loan basis as all TDRs are classified, by definition, as impaired loans. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impaired commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans are individually evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the rate implicit in the original loan agreement or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Troubled debt restructurings are individually evaluated for impairment and included in the separately identified impairment disclosures. TDRs are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception. If a TDR is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the lesser of the cost basis or the fair value of the collateral. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of the allowance on that loan in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses on loans individually identified as impaired. A TDR classification can be removed if the borrower’s financial condition improves such that the borrower is no longer in financial difficulty, the loan has not had any forgiveness of principal or interest, and the loan is subsequently refinanced or restructured at market terms and qualifies as a new loan. Performing loans receiving COVID-19 modifications are not classified as TDRs. For additional discussion regarding loans modified due to COVID-19, see Note 4. The general component covers performing loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment. Large groups of smaller balance homogenous loans, such as consumer and residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not included in the separately identified impairment disclosures. The general allowance component also includes loans that are not individually identified for impairment evaluation, such as commercial loans that are evaluated but are not considered impaired. The general component is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent one to three years, depending on the segment. The actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of, and trends in, charge-offs and recoveries; migration of loans to the classification of special mention, substandard, or doubtful; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentration.
Premises and Equipment	Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 15 to 40 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years based on the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the remaining expected term of the lease. Furniture, fixtures, and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years.
SBA Loan Servicing Rights and Transfers of Financial Assets	SBA Loan Servicing Rights: When the Company sells the guaranteed portion of an SBA loan or a portion of the non-guaranteed portion of an SBA loan, the Company retains the servicing, and a servicing right asset is created. Servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value in gain (loss) on sales of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable servicing contracts, when available or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is determined based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances are reported through gain (loss) on sales of loans on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. There was no valuation allowance recorded on SBA loan servicing rights at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Loan servicing income, which is reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income in non-interest income, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal. The amortization of servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. Transfers of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Leases	Leases: The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for branch, corporate office, and loan production office locations. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from month-to-month up to 10 years, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. The Company’s leases do not include residual value guarantees or covenants. The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease terms if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (i.e., short-term leases) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date; however, the Company has not entered into any finance leases. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in a lease is not known. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on the FHLB amortizing advance rate, adjusted for the lease term and other factors.
Bank Owned Life Insurance	Bank Owned Life Insurance: The Company, through the Bank, has purchased life insurance policies on certain key officers. BOLI is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.
Other Real Estate Owned	Other Real Estate Owned: OREO is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are also expensed.
Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments	Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
Mortgage Banking Derivatives	Mortgage Banking Derivatives: In connection with the origination of mortgage loans intended for sale, the Bank enters into loan commitments for fixed rate mortgage loans, generally lasting 30 to 45 days and at market rates when initiated. Commitments to fund mortgage loans (i.e., interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free-standing derivatives. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. To deliver loans to the secondary market and to moderate its interest rate risk prior to sale, the Bank typically enters into non-exchange traded mandatory delivery forward sales contracts and best efforts forward sales contracts, which are also considered derivative instruments. These contracts are entered into for amounts and terms offsetting the interest rate risk of loan commitment derivatives and loans held for sale, and both are carried at their fair value with changes included in earnings. The Bank considers the best efforts forward sales contracts that meet the net settlement requirement to be derivatives, as there are penalties to the Bank if it does not deliver the loan to the investor once the loan closes with the borrower.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options, while market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The Company’s accounting policy is to recognize forfeitures as a reversal of compensation cost expenses in the period that they occur.
Advertising	Advertising: Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. These costs are included in marketing and business development expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. There was no valuation allowance recognized at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.
Employee 401(k) Plan	Employee 401(k) Plan: The Company has a 401(k) plan that covers all employees subject to certain age and service requirements. The Company contributes 3% of eligible employees’ salary each pay period as a safe harbor contribution. The Company may also match employee contributions each year at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Employee 401(k) expense is the amount of safe harbor and employee matching contributions to the 401(k) plan.
Non-Qualified Stock Purchase Plan	Non-Qualified Stock Purchase Plan: Under the NSPP, all employees and Directors are eligible to participate in the plan. Employees may purchase available shares of common stock with post-tax dollars as of the grant date at a 10% discount to the price of shares offered under the DRIP, as determined by the Board of Directors, with limitations on deductions from employees’ income. Directors may purchase available shares of common stock with post-tax dollars as of the grant date at the price of shares offered under the DRIP, with no minimum deduction and a maximum deduction of the Directors’ board fees. NSPP compensation expense is recorded based on the 10% discount offered to employees and the number of shares purchased by employees.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan	Employee Stock Ownership Plan: The Company has an ESOP for eligible employees. The amount of profit-sharing contributions to the ESOP is approved by the Board of Directors, and the Company purchases shares of the Company’s common stock based on the amount of approved contributions. Profit-sharing expense is the amount of contributions to the ESOP.
Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock: The Company has issued cumulative nonconvertible Series A shares of preferred stock, on which it pays cash dividends at a rate of 9% (unless we have not redeemed the shares by the tenth anniversary of their issuance, in which event the rate is subject to be increased to 11%). The Company has also issued cumulative convertible Series B shares of preferred stock, on which it pays cash dividends at a rate of 8% (unless we have not redeemed the shares by the tenth anniversary of their issuance, in which event the rate is subject to be increased to 9%). The Series B shares are convertible at a ratio of liquidation value to tangible book value at the option of the shareholder. All preferred stock has liquidation preference relative to the Company’s common stock.
Restrictions on Cash	Restrictions on Cash: The Federal Reserve Board reduced reserve requirement ratios to 0% effective March 26, 2020. This action eliminated reserve requirements for all depository institutions. Cash was required to be pledged as collateral with a broker-dealer for trading mortgage banking derivatives.
Earnings per Common Share	Earnings per Common Share: Basic earnings per common share is net income less preferred stock dividends (i.e., net income available to common shareholders) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of vested stock options that are considered in-the-money and the dilutive effect of the potential conversion of Series B preferred stock to common stock.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition: Revenue earned on interest-earning assets is recognized based on the effective yield of the financial instrument. Revenue recognized from contracts with customers, which is accounted for under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, is primarily included in the Company’s non-interest income. Interest income and certain other types of non-interest income are accounted for under other applicable accounting standards. A description of the Company’s revenue streams accounted for under ASC 606 are as follows: Service Charges on Deposit Accounts – The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include but are not limited to services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request. Maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance. Debit Card Interchange Fees – The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions through the MasterCard payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. Gains/Losses on Sales of OREO – The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values: Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. Investment Securities Available for Sale: The fair values of investment securities available for sale are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2). Management obtains the fair values of securities available for sale on a monthly basis from a third party pricing service. Residential Loans Held for Sale: The Company has elected to account for residential loans held for sale at fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using either actual quoted prices for the assets (Level 1) whenever possible or quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan (Level 2). The gain (loss) on loans held for sale is included in residential fee income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. SBA Loans Held for Investment, at Fair Value: The Company has elected to account for certain SBA loans held for investment at fair value. Fair value is calculated based on the present value of estimated future payments (Level 3). The valuation model uses interest rate, prepayment speed, and default rate assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future payments. Whenever available, the present value is validated against available market data. Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Mortgage banking derivatives used in the ordinary course of business primarily consist of mandatory forward sales contracts, best efforts forward sales contracts, and interest rate lock commitments. The fair value of mandatory forward sales contracts is measured using quoted market prices (Level 1), or in some cases when quoted market prices are not available, the pricing is derived from market observable inputs that can generally be verified and do not typically involve significant judgment by the Company (Level 2). Interest rate lock commitments involve pricing derived from market observable inputs that are adjusted based on pull-through rates. Pull-through rates are an unobservable input which are the Company’s estimate of the percentage of interest rate lock commitments expected to result in closed loans (Level 3). The fair value of best efforts forward sales contracts is measured using market observable inputs that are adjusted using unobservable inputs including duration, spread, and pull-through rates (Level 3). Impaired Loans: A loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. In most cases, the Bank measures fair value based on the value of the collateral securing the loan. Collateral may be in the form of real estate and/or business or personal assets, including but not limited to equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The fair value of real estate collateral is determined based on third party appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers as well as internal estimates. The fair value of other business or personal assets is generally based on amounts reported on the financial statements of the customer or customer’s business. Appraised and reported values may be adjusted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and management’s knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Since not all valuation inputs are observable, these nonrecurring fair value determinations are classified as Level 3. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors previously identified. SBA Loan Servicing Rights: On a quarterly basis, SBA loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, impairment is recorded so that the servicing asset is carried at fair value. The fair value of SBA servicing rights is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. There were no SBA loan servicing rights carried at fair value at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation

Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include BayFirst Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, First Home Bank, together referred to as “the Company”.

BayFirst Financial Corp. is a registered bank holding company, incorporated under the laws of the State of Florida. The Company owns all outstanding stock of First Home Bank (the “Bank”), a Florida chartered commercial bank. A significant portion of the Company’s assets and revenues are derived from the operations of the Bank.

The Company provides a variety of traditional community banking services through its full-service banking centers located in St. Petersburg, Seminole, Pinellas Park, Clearwater, Sarasota, Tampa, and Belleair Bluffs, Florida. The Bank’s primary deposit products are demand deposits, NOW accounts, money market accounts, savings deposits, and time deposits and its primary lending products are residential mortgage, commercial, and installment loans. In addition, the Company provides lending services nationwide to small business customers, and as such, a significant portion of the loans originated by the Bank are guaranteed by the SBA. The guaranteed portion of the SBA loan can be sold in the secondary market, and the Bank routinely engages in the sale of participating interests of the non-guaranteed portion. The Company also engages in mortgage banking activities with offices located in a number of states and as such, originates and sells one-to-four family residential mortgage loans in the secondary market.

Segment Reporting and Operating Segments

The Company principally operates in two business segments, Banking and Residential Mortgage Lending.Operating Segments: Operating segments as defined by FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The accounting policies of operating segments are the same as those described elsewhere in this footnote. Revenue for all segments is derived from external sources.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for loan losses, SBA loan servicing rights, and fair value of residential loans held for sale and residential mortgage derivatives.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications: Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders’ equity.

Cash Flows

Cash Flows: Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with other financial institutions with original maturities less than 90 days, and federal funds sold. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions, and federal funds purchased.

Contingencies and Loss Contingencies

Contingencies: Due to the nature of their activities, the Company and its subsidiary are at times engaged in various legal proceedings that arise in the course of normal business, some of which were outstanding as of December 31, 2021. Although the ultimate outcome of all claims and lawsuits outstanding as of December 31, 2021 cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management that these matters, when resolved, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted:

Allowance for credit losses:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This new guidance was issued to replace the incurred loss model for loans and other financial assets with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the CECL model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and debt securities held to maturity. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as

insurance (i.e., loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in certain leases recognized by a lessor. In addition, the amendments in ASU 2016-13 require credit losses on securities available for sale to be presented as a valuation allowance rather than as a direct write-down thereon. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted; however, the Company has elected to adopt new or revised accounting standards using the delayed effective dates applicable to Emerging Growth Companies. Management is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on its Consolidated Financial Statements, processes, and controls and is not currently able to reasonably estimate the impact of adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows; however, adoption is likely to lead to significant changes in accounting policies related to, and the methods employed in estimating, the allowance for credit losses. It is possible that the impact will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. To date, the Company has established a CECL steering committee, has developed an implementation plan, and is implementing software to house and maintain the CECL model.

Time Deposits in Banks

Time Deposits in Banks: Time deposits with other banks have maturities ranging from August 2023 through December 2025 and bear interest at rates ranging from 2.15% to 3.50%. None of the time deposit had maturities of 12 months or less at the time of origination. All investments in time deposit are with FDIC insured financial institutions and none exceed the maximum insurable amount of $250,000.

Investment Securities

Investment Securities: Investment securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. The company has one debt security classified as held-to-maturity since management had the intent and ability to hold the security to maturity. The remaining investment securities are classified as available for sale since the Company may sell them before maturity. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities are included in other comprehensive income and the related accumulated unrealized holding gains and losses are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.

Management evaluates securities for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis.

Restricted Equity Securities

Restricted Equity Securities: Restricted equity securities consist of FHLB Stock, FRB Stock, and stock in a correspondent bank, all of which are considered equity securities without readily determinable fair values. The Bank is a member of the FHLB system, and members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors and may invest in additional amounts. The Bank is also a member of its regional FRB.

Loans Held For Sale

Loans Held for Sale: The Company designates government guaranteed loans as held for sale based on its intent to sell guaranteed or non-guaranteed portions of these loans in the secondary market. The Company makes the determination of which loans to sell during each quarter, and these loans are typically sold and settled prior to quarter-end. Government guaranteed loans held for sale are accounted for at lower of cost or fair value. Gains or losses on the sale of these loans are recorded in non-interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.The Company also originates residential loans intended for sale in the secondary market which are carried at fair value with gains and losses recorded in non-interest income. Most residential loans are sold servicing released, so there is no servicing income recognized on those loans or an associated servicing asset recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest income is recognized on those loans held for sale until the loan sale is fully completed and the loan is transferred. Interest income on loans held for sale is reflected along with portfolio loans in interest and fees on loans in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Loans

Loans: Except for certain loans for which the fair value option was elected during 2018, as discussed in Note 5, all other loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balances. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.

In general, interest income is discontinued, and the loan is placed on non-accrual status, at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Mortgage and commercial loans are evaluated on a loan-by-loan basis and are charged off to the extent principal is deemed uncollectible. Other consumer and personal loans continue to accrue interest and are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Non-accrual loans and loans past due more than 89 days and still on accrual include both smaller balance homogenous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received in cash. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future contractal payments are reasonably assured.

Concentration of Credit

Concentration of Credit: The Company grants residential and commercial real estate, construction and land, commercial and industrial, and consumer loans in the State of Florida with primary concentration being the Tampa Bay region. The Company also grants residential real estate and SBA commercial real estate, construction and land, and commercial and industrial loans nationwide. Although the Company’s loan portfolio is diversified, a significant portion of its loans are secured by real estate. The following loan segments have been identified:

Residential Real Estate – The Bank originates residential real estate loans for the purchase or refinancing of a mortgage in the Tampa Bay region. These loans are primarily collateralized by owner and non-owner occupied properties located in Tampa Bay and are held at amortized cost in the Company’s loan portfolio. The Bank also originates residential real estate loans nationwide for the purchase or refinancing of a mortgage. These loans are primarily collateralized by owner and non-owner occupied properties located in the area in which they were originated, and these loans are sold into the secondary market.

Commercial Real Estate – Commercial real estate loans consist of loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, and expansions and improvements to commercial properties. These loans are secured primarily by first liens and may include office buildings, apartments, retail and mixed-use properties, churches, warehouses, and restaurants. Commercial real estate loans are generally larger than residential real estate loans and involve greater credit risk. The repayment of these loans largely depends on the results of operations and management of these properties.

Construction and Land – Construction and land loans consist of loans to individuals for the construction of a primary or secondary residence and, in some cases, to real estate investors to acquire and develop land. To the extent construction loans are not made to owner-occupants of single-family homes, they are more vulnerable to changes in economic conditions. Further, the nature of these loans is such that they are more difficult to evaluate and monitor. The risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value upon completion of the project and the estimated cost, including interest, of the project.

Commercial and Industrial – Commercial and industrial loans consist of business loans to small and medium sized businesses in the Tampa Bay region and nationwide SBA loans. Commercial and industrial loans are generally used for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment, inventory, or furniture. These loans are generally secured by accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment. Commercial and industrial loans are typically made based on the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business, which makes them of higher risk than residential real estate loans, and the collateral securing loans may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business.

Commercial and Industrial - PPP – Commercial and industrial PPP loans consist of all loans originated under the SBA 7(a) loan PPP pursuant to the CARES Act economic relief program and carry a 100% government guarantee.

Consumer and Other – Consumer and other loans mainly consist of automobile, revolving credit plans, and other loans. The Bank’s consumer loans may be uncollateralized and rely on the borrower’s income for repayment.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be

made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company has granted an economic concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider are considered TDRs. In these instances, as part of a work-out alternative, the Company will make concessions including the extension of the loan term, a payment moratorium, a reduction in the interest rate, a period of interest-only payments, or a combination thereof. The impact of the TDR modifications and defaults are factored into the allowance for loan losses on a loan-by-loan basis as all TDRs are classified, by definition, as impaired loans.

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Impaired commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans are individually evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the rate implicit in the original loan agreement or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

Troubled debt restructurings are individually evaluated for impairment and included in the separately identified impairment disclosures. TDRs are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception. If a TDR is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the lesser of the cost basis or the fair value of the collateral. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of the allowance on that loan in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses on loans individually identified as impaired. A TDR classification can be removed if the borrower’s financial condition improves such that the borrower is no longer in financial difficulty, the loan has not had any forgiveness of principal or interest, and the loan is subsequently refinanced or restructured at market terms and qualifies as a new loan.

Performing loans receiving COVID-19 modifications are not classified as TDRs. For additional discussion regarding loans modified due to COVID-19, see Note 4.

The general component covers performing loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment. Large groups of smaller balance homogenous loans, such as consumer and residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not included in the separately identified impairment disclosures. The general allowance component also includes loans that are not individually identified for impairment evaluation, such as commercial loans that are evaluated but are not considered impaired. The general component is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent one to three years, depending on the segment. The actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment.

These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of, and trends in, charge-offs and recoveries; migration of loans to the classification of special mention, substandard, or doubtful; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentration.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 15 to 40 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years based on the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the remaining expected term of the lease. Furniture, fixtures, and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years.

SBA Loan Servicing Rights and Transfers of Financial Assets

SBA Loan Servicing Rights: When the Company sells the guaranteed portion of an SBA loan or a portion of the non-guaranteed portion of an SBA loan, the Company retains the servicing, and a servicing right asset is created. Servicing

rights are initially recorded at fair value in gain (loss) on sales of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable servicing contracts, when available or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.

Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is determined based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances are reported through gain (loss) on sales of loans on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. There was no valuation allowance recorded on SBA loan servicing rights at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Loan servicing income, which is reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income in non-interest income, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal. The amortization of servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.

Transfers of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Leases

Leases: The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for branch, corporate office, and loan production office locations. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from month-to-month up to 10 years, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. The Company’s leases do not include residual value guarantees or covenants.

The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease terms if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (i.e., short-term leases) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date; however, the Company has not entered into any finance leases. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in a lease is not known. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on the FHLB amortizing advance rate, adjusted for the lease term and other factors.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank Owned Life Insurance: The Company, through the Bank, has purchased life insurance policies on certain key officers. BOLI is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other Real Estate Owned: OREO is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are also expensed.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

Mortgage Banking Derivatives: In connection with the origination of mortgage loans intended for sale, the Bank enters into loan commitments for fixed rate mortgage loans, generally lasting 30 to 45 days and at market rates when initiated. Commitments to fund mortgage loans (i.e., interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free-standing derivatives. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded.

To deliver loans to the secondary market and to moderate its interest rate risk prior to sale, the Bank typically enters into non-exchange traded mandatory delivery forward sales contracts and best efforts forward sales contracts, which are also considered derivative instruments. These contracts are entered into for amounts and terms offsetting the interest rate risk of loan commitment derivatives and loans held for sale, and both are carried at their fair value with changes included in earnings. The Bank considers the best efforts forward sales contracts that meet the net settlement requirement to be derivatives, as there are penalties to the Bank if it does not deliver the loan to the investor once the loan closes with the borrower.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options, while market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.

Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The Company’s accounting policy is to recognize forfeitures as a reversal of compensation cost expenses in the period that they occur.

Advertising

Advertising: Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. These costs are included in marketing and business development expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. There was no valuation allowance recognized at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

Employee 401(k) Plan

Employee 401(k) Plan: The Company has a 401(k) plan that covers all employees subject to certain age and service requirements. The Company contributes 3% of eligible employees’ salary each pay period as a safe harbor contribution. The Company may also match employee contributions each year at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Employee 401(k) expense is the amount of safe harbor and employee matching contributions to the 401(k) plan.

Non-Qualified Stock Purchase Plan

Non-Qualified Stock Purchase Plan: Under the NSPP, all employees and Directors are eligible to participate in the plan. Employees may purchase available shares of common stock with post-tax dollars as of the grant date at a 10% discount to the price of shares offered under the DRIP, as determined by the Board of Directors, with limitations on deductions from employees’ income. Directors may purchase available shares of common stock with post-tax dollars as of the grant date at the price of shares offered under the DRIP, with no minimum deduction and a maximum deduction of the Directors’ board fees. NSPP compensation expense is recorded based on the 10% discount offered to employees and the number of shares purchased by employees.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Employee Stock Ownership Plan: The Company has an ESOP for eligible employees. The amount of profit-sharing contributions to the ESOP is approved by the Board of Directors, and the Company purchases shares of the Company’s common stock based on the amount of approved contributions. Profit-sharing expense is the amount of contributions to the ESOP.

Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock: The Company has issued cumulative nonconvertible Series A shares of preferred stock, on which it pays cash dividends at a rate of 9% (unless we have not redeemed the shares by the tenth anniversary of their issuance, in which event the rate is subject to be increased to 11%). The Company has also issued cumulative convertible Series B shares of preferred stock, on which it pays cash dividends at a rate of 8% (unless we have not redeemed the shares by the tenth anniversary of their issuance, in which event the rate is subject to be increased to 9%). The Series B shares are convertible at a ratio of liquidation value to tangible book value at the option of the shareholder. All preferred stock has liquidation preference relative to the Company’s common stock.

Restrictions on Cash

Restrictions on Cash: The Federal Reserve Board reduced reserve requirement ratios to 0% effective March 26, 2020. This action eliminated reserve requirements for all depository institutions. Cash was required to be pledged as collateral with a broker-dealer for trading mortgage banking derivatives.

Earnings per Common Share

Earnings per Common Share: Basic earnings per common share is net income less preferred stock dividends (i.e., net income available to common shareholders) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of vested stock options that are considered in-the-money and the dilutive effect of the potential conversion of Series B preferred stock to common stock.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: Revenue earned on interest-earning assets is recognized based on the effective yield of the financial instrument. Revenue recognized from contracts with customers, which is accounted for under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, is primarily included in the Company’s non-interest income. Interest income and certain other types of non-interest income are accounted for under other applicable accounting standards.

A description of the Company’s revenue streams accounted for under ASC 606 are as follows:

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts – The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include but are not limited to services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request. Maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

Debit Card Interchange Fees – The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions through the MasterCard payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.

Gains/Losses on Sales of OREO – The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Investment Securities Available for Sale: The fair values of investment securities available for sale are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2). Management obtains the fair values of securities available for sale on a monthly basis from a third party pricing service.

Residential Loans Held for Sale: The Company has elected to account for residential loans held for sale at fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using either actual quoted prices for the assets (Level 1) whenever possible or quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan (Level 2). The gain (loss) on loans held for sale is included in residential fee income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

SBA Loans Held for Investment, at Fair Value: The Company has elected to account for certain SBA loans held for investment at fair value. Fair value is calculated based on the present value of estimated future payments (Level 3). The valuation model uses interest rate, prepayment speed, and default rate assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future payments. Whenever available, the present value is validated against available market data.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Mortgage banking derivatives used in the ordinary course of business primarily consist of mandatory forward sales contracts, best efforts forward sales contracts, and interest rate lock commitments. The fair value of mandatory forward sales contracts is measured using quoted market prices (Level 1), or in some cases when quoted market prices are not available, the pricing is derived from market observable inputs that can generally be verified and do not typically involve significant judgment by the Company (Level 2). Interest rate lock commitments involve pricing derived from market observable inputs that are adjusted based on pull-through rates. Pull-through rates are an unobservable input which are the Company’s estimate of the percentage of interest rate lock commitments expected to result in closed loans (Level 3). The fair value of best efforts forward sales contracts is measured using market observable inputs that are adjusted using unobservable inputs including duration, spread, and pull-through rates (Level 3).

Impaired Loans: A loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. In most cases, the Bank measures fair value based on the value of the collateral securing the loan. Collateral may be in the form of real estate and/or business or personal assets, including but not limited to equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The fair value of real estate collateral is determined based on third party appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers as well as internal estimates. The fair value of other business or personal assets is generally based on amounts reported on the financial statements of the customer or customer’s business. Appraised and reported values may be adjusted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and management’s knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Since not all valuation inputs are observable, these nonrecurring fair value determinations are classified as Level 3. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors previously identified.

SBA Loan Servicing Rights: On a quarterly basis, SBA loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, impairment is recorded so that the servicing asset is carried at fair value. The fair value of SBA servicing rights is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. There were no SBA loan servicing rights carried at fair value at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.