Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table

Pay versus Performance Disclosure

This disclosure has been prepared in accordance with the SEC’s pay versus performance rules in Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act (“Item 402(v)”) and does not necessarily reflect value actually realized by the named executive officers or how our Compensation Committee evaluates compensation decisions in light of Company or individual performance.

The following tables and related disclosures provide information about (i) the total compensation (“SCT Total”) of our PEO and our non-PEO named executive officers (collectively, the “Other NEOs”) as set forth above in the subsection titled “Executive Compensation—2024 Summary Compensation Table,” (ii) the compensation actually paid (“CAP”) to our PEO and our Other NEOs, as calculated pursuant to Item 402(v), (iii) the total shareholder return (“TSR”) of both the Company and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index; (iv) our net loss; and (vi) the relationship of the CAP to those TSRs and net loss. Our compensation programs for named executive officers are not based on financial measures, and so we have not included a column regarding a “Company-Selected Measure.”

									Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based On:
Year (a)	Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO ($)(1) (b)		Compensation Actually Paid to PEO ($)(2) (c)		Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs ($)(3) (d)		Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs ($)(4) (e)		Total Shareholder Return ($)(5) (f)		Peer Group Total Shareholder Return ($)(6) (g)		Net Loss ($)(7) (h)
2024		39,639,512		42,669,028		13,803,059		15,535,124		313		107		(463,926,709	)
2023		12,135,684		28,149,249		4,769,613		11,248,242		240		109		(402,265,659	)
2022		13,661,941		29,657,130		5,315,171		12,584,386		183		105		(223,485,656	)
2021		5,291,474		4,286,520		1,913,790		1,261,956		91		118		(100,076,195	)
2020		3,374,620		13,957,951		3,503,811		10,645,847		102		118		(89,217,635	)

(1) The dollar amounts reported in column (b) represent the amounts of total compensation reported for Grant E. Pickering (our Chief Executive Officer) for each corresponding year in the “Total” column of the Summary Compensation Table. Please refer to the subsection above titled “—Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table.” The SCT Total amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to our PEO during the applicable years.

(2) The dollar amounts reported in column (c) represent the amount of CAP to our PEO. The CAP amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to our PEO during the applicable years. In accordance with Item 402(v), the following adjustments were made to our PEO’s SCT Total for each year to determine the CAP (to determine the value of stock options included in CAP, the Black-Scholes valuation model was used):

	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020
Adjustments	PEO			PEO			PEO			PEO			PEO
SCT Total	$	39,639,512		$	12,135,684		$	13,661,941		$	5,291,474		$	3,374,620
(Deduct): Aggregate change in actuarial present value included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Prior service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
(Deduct): Aggregate value for stock awards and option awards included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year	$	(38,242,213	)		(11,001,200	)	$	(12,559,049	)	$	(4,353,113	)	$	(2,623,695	)

	2024		2023		2022		2021			2020
Adjustments	PEO		PEO		PEO		PEO			PEO
Add: Fair value at year end of awards granted during the covered fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	31,805,305	$	15,786,448	$	19,172,031	$	4,105,563		$	6,055,220
Add (Deduct): Year-over-year change in fair value at covered fiscal year end of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	3,443,735	$	7,868,081	$	6,351,332	$	(651,679	)	$	3,491,427
Add: Vesting date fair value of awards granted and vested during the covered fiscal year	$	3,702,839	$	3,158,794	$	2,321,656	$	790,370			—
Add (Deduct): Change as of the vesting date (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value of awards granted in any prior fiscal year for which vesting conditions were satisfied during the covered fiscal year	$	2,319,850	$	201,441	$	709,220	$	(896,095	)	$	3,660,379
(Deduct): Fair value at end of prior fiscal year of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that failed to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the covered fiscal year		—		—		—		—			—
Add: Dividends or other earnings paid on awards in the covered fiscal year prior to vesting if not otherwise included in the SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—		—		—		—			—
CAP Amounts (as calculated)	$	42,669,028	$	28,149,249	$	29,657,130	$	4,286,520		$	13,957,951

(3) The dollar amounts reported in column (d) represent the average of the amounts reported for the Other NEOs as a group in the “Total” column of the Summary Compensation Table in each applicable year. The Other NEOs included for purposes of calculating the average amounts in each applicable year are as follows: (i) for 2024, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil and Mikhail Eydelman; (ii) for 2023, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil and Mikhail Eydelman; (iii) for 2022, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil, Mikhail Eydelman and Paul Sauer; (iv) for 2021, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil, Paul Sauer and Harp Dhaliwal; and (v) for 2020, Andrew Guggenhime and Jim Wassil. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual average amount of compensation earned by or paid to the Other NEOs as a group during the applicable year.

(4) The dollar amounts reported in column (e) represent the average of “compensation actually paid” to the Other NEOs as a group, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v). The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual average amount of compensation earned by or paid to the Other NEOs as a group during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v), the following adjustments were made

to average total compensation for the Other NEOs as a group for each year to determine the CAP, using the same methodology described above in Note (2).

	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020
Adjustments	Other NEOs			Other NEOs			Other NEOs			Other NEOs			Other NEOs
SCT Total	$	13,803,059		$	4,769,613		$	5,315,171		$	1,913,790		$	3,503,811
(Deduct): Aggregate change in actuarial present value included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Prior service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
(Deduct): Aggregate value for stock awards and option awards included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year	$	(13,014,265	)	$	(4,094,139	)	$	(4,575,299	)	$	(1,401,561	)	$	(2,916,624	)
Add: Fair value at year end of awards granted during the covered fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	10,724,688		$	5,738,325		$	8,149,296		$	1,314,076		$	7,100,782
Add (Deduct): Year-over-year change in fair value at covered fiscal year end of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	1,483,006		$	3,536,479		$	2,700,860		$	(399,844	)	$	2,199,310
Add: Vesting date fair value of awards granted and vested during the covered fiscal year	$	1,522,377		$	1,243,430		$	585,457		$	192,495			—
Add (Deduct): Change as of the vesting date (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value of awards granted in any prior fiscal year for which vesting conditions were satisfied during the covered fiscal year	$	1,016,259		$	54,518		$	408,902		$	(357,000	)	$	758,569
(Deduct): Fair value at end of prior fiscal year of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that failed to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Dividends or other earnings paid on awards in the covered fiscal year prior to vesting if not otherwise included in the SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
CAP Amounts (as calculated)	$	15,535,124		$	11,248,242		$	12,584,386		$	1,261,956		$	10,645,847

(5) Cumulative TSR is calculated assuming an investment of $100 in our common stock at the closing price of $26.15 on June 12, 2020, the date our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

(6) Represents the weighted peer group TSR, weighted according to the respective companies’ stock market capitalization at the beginning of each period for which a return is indicated. The peer group used for this purpose is the following published industry index: Nasdaq Biotechnology Index.

(7) Represents the amount of net loss as reported in our Statements of Comprehensive Loss included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Named Executive Officers, Footnote

The Other NEOs included for purposes of calculating the average amounts in each applicable year are as follows: (i) for 2024, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil and Mikhail Eydelman; (ii) for 2023, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil and Mikhail Eydelman; (iii) for 2022, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil, Mikhail Eydelman and Paul Sauer; (iv) for 2021, Andrew Guggenhime, Jim Wassil, Paul Sauer and Harp Dhaliwal; and (v) for 2020, Andrew Guggenhime and Jim Wassil. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual average amount of compensation earned by or paid to the Other NEOs as a group during the applicable year.

Peer Group Issuers, Footnote

Represents the weighted peer group TSR, weighted according to the respective companies’ stock market capitalization at the beginning of each period for which a return is indicated. The peer group used for this purpose is the following published industry index: Nasdaq Biotechnology Index.

PEO Total Compensation Amount

$ 39,639,512

$ 12,135,684

$ 13,661,941

$ 5,291,474

$ 3,374,620

PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount

$ 42,669,028

28,149,249

29,657,130

4,286,520

13,957,951

Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote

(2) The dollar amounts reported in column (c) represent the amount of CAP to our PEO. The CAP amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to our PEO during the applicable years. In accordance with Item 402(v), the following adjustments were made to our PEO’s SCT Total for each year to determine the CAP (to determine the value of stock options included in CAP, the Black-Scholes valuation model was used):

	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020
Adjustments	PEO			PEO			PEO			PEO			PEO
SCT Total	$	39,639,512		$	12,135,684		$	13,661,941		$	5,291,474		$	3,374,620
(Deduct): Aggregate change in actuarial present value included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Prior service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
(Deduct): Aggregate value for stock awards and option awards included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year	$	(38,242,213	)		(11,001,200	)	$	(12,559,049	)	$	(4,353,113	)	$	(2,623,695	)

	2024		2023		2022		2021			2020
Adjustments	PEO		PEO		PEO		PEO			PEO
Add: Fair value at year end of awards granted during the covered fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	31,805,305	$	15,786,448	$	19,172,031	$	4,105,563		$	6,055,220
Add (Deduct): Year-over-year change in fair value at covered fiscal year end of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	3,443,735	$	7,868,081	$	6,351,332	$	(651,679	)	$	3,491,427
Add: Vesting date fair value of awards granted and vested during the covered fiscal year	$	3,702,839	$	3,158,794	$	2,321,656	$	790,370			—
Add (Deduct): Change as of the vesting date (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value of awards granted in any prior fiscal year for which vesting conditions were satisfied during the covered fiscal year	$	2,319,850	$	201,441	$	709,220	$	(896,095	)	$	3,660,379
(Deduct): Fair value at end of prior fiscal year of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that failed to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the covered fiscal year		—		—		—		—			—
Add: Dividends or other earnings paid on awards in the covered fiscal year prior to vesting if not otherwise included in the SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—		—		—		—			—
CAP Amounts (as calculated)	$	42,669,028	$	28,149,249	$	29,657,130	$	4,286,520		$	13,957,951

Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount

$ 13,803,059

4,769,613

5,315,171

1,913,790

3,503,811

Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount

$ 15,535,124

11,248,242

12,584,386

1,261,956

10,645,847

Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote

(4) The dollar amounts reported in column (e) represent the average of “compensation actually paid” to the Other NEOs as a group, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v). The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual average amount of compensation earned by or paid to the Other NEOs as a group during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v), the following adjustments were made

to average total compensation for the Other NEOs as a group for each year to determine the CAP, using the same methodology described above in Note (2).

	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020
Adjustments	Other NEOs			Other NEOs			Other NEOs			Other NEOs			Other NEOs
SCT Total	$	13,803,059		$	4,769,613		$	5,315,171		$	1,913,790		$	3,503,811
(Deduct): Aggregate change in actuarial present value included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Prior service cost for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
(Deduct): Aggregate value for stock awards and option awards included in SCT Total for the covered fiscal year	$	(13,014,265	)	$	(4,094,139	)	$	(4,575,299	)	$	(1,401,561	)	$	(2,916,624	)
Add: Fair value at year end of awards granted during the covered fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	10,724,688		$	5,738,325		$	8,149,296		$	1,314,076		$	7,100,782
Add (Deduct): Year-over-year change in fair value at covered fiscal year end of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that were outstanding and unvested at the covered fiscal year end	$	1,483,006		$	3,536,479		$	2,700,860		$	(399,844	)	$	2,199,310
Add: Vesting date fair value of awards granted and vested during the covered fiscal year	$	1,522,377		$	1,243,430		$	585,457		$	192,495			—
Add (Deduct): Change as of the vesting date (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value of awards granted in any prior fiscal year for which vesting conditions were satisfied during the covered fiscal year	$	1,016,259		$	54,518		$	408,902		$	(357,000	)	$	758,569
(Deduct): Fair value at end of prior fiscal year of awards granted in any prior fiscal year that failed to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
Add: Dividends or other earnings paid on awards in the covered fiscal year prior to vesting if not otherwise included in the SCT Total for the covered fiscal year		—			—			—			—			—
CAP Amounts (as calculated)	$	15,535,124		$	11,248,242		$	12,584,386		$	1,261,956		$	10,645,847

Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return

Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income

Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group

Total Shareholder Return Amount

$ 313

240

183

91

102

Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount

107

109

105

118

118

Net Income (Loss)

$ (463,926,709)

(402,265,659)

(223,485,656)

(100,076,195)

(89,217,635)

PEO Name

Grant E. Pickering

PEO | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Award Amounts Reported in Summary Compensation Table

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

$ (38,242,213)

(11,001,200)

(12,559,049)

(4,353,113)

(2,623,695)

PEO | Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

31,805,305

15,786,448

19,172,031

4,105,563

6,055,220

PEO | Vesting Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Covered Year

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

3,702,839

3,158,794

2,321,656

790,370

PEO | Change in Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested in Covered Year

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

2,319,850

201,441

709,220

(896,095)

3,660,379

PEO | Year Over Year Change in Fair Value at Covered Fiscal Year End of Awards Granted in Any Prior Fiscal Year that were Outstanding and Unvested at the Covered Fiscal Year End [Member]

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

3,443,735

7,868,081

6,351,332

(651,679)

3,491,427

Non-PEO NEO | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Award Amounts Reported in Summary Compensation Table

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

(13,014,265)

(4,094,139)

(4,575,299)

(1,401,561)

(2,916,624)

Non-PEO NEO | Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

10,724,688

5,738,325

8,149,296

1,314,076

7,100,782

Non-PEO NEO | Vesting Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Covered Year

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

1,522,377

1,243,430

585,457

192,495

Non-PEO NEO | Change in Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested in Covered Year

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

1,016,259

54,518

408,902

(357,000)

758,569

Non-PEO NEO | Year Over Year Change in Fair Value at Covered Fiscal Year End of Awards Granted in Any Prior Fiscal Year that were Outstanding and Unvested at the Covered Fiscal Year End [Member]

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Adjustment to Compensation, Amount

$ 1,483,006

$ 3,536,479

$ 2,700,860

$ (399,844)

$ 2,199,310