	31-Dec-21			31-Dec-20
Trade receivables	$	1,791,046		$	3,501,223
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,090,066	)		(1,530,667	)
Taxes receivable		843,447			766,540
Total	$	1,544,427		$	2,737,096

Provisions on Trade Receivables

In accordance with policy to use the expected credit loss model, we utilize the expedited method where trade receivables are provided for based on their aging, as well as providing for specified balances deemed non-collectible. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we concluded that a bad debt provision of $1,090,066 (2020-$1,530,667) was to be recognized.

Factoring Arrangements and Liens

Siyata Mobile Israel (“SMI”) has a factoring agreement on its trade receivables, whereby invoices are fully assigned to a funding entity in return for 80%-85% of the total sale to be paid to SMI by the funding entity in advance. The remaining 15-20% is paid to SMI when the funding entity receives payment from the customer.

SMI incurs a financing charge of 3.1% on advances received and is subject to certain covenants.

The 80-85% received upfront remains a liability from SMI to the funding entity until final settlement, however, all such balances are fully insured in case of non-payment. As SMI has both the legally enforceable right and the intention to settle the receivable and liability on a net basis in accordance with IAS 32, Financial Instruments, trade receivables are presented net of the liability for amounts advanced. As at December 31, 2021, the total amount expended by the funding entity was $27,000 (December 31, 2020 - $65,000).

Siyata Mobile Inc. has provided the North American receivables as collateral for the outstanding convertible debenture as outlined Note 14(e). The carrying amount of the North American trade and other receivables is $569,068 on December 31, 2021.