XML 95 R30.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

Summary of Organization and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) - Summit Materials, LLC [Member]

6 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Jul. 02, 2016

Jan. 02, 2016

Summit Inc.’s Equity Offerings— Summit Inc. commenced operations on March 11, 2015 upon the pricing of the initial public offering of its Class A common stock (“IPO”). Summit Inc. raised $433.0 million, net of underwriting discounts, through the issuance of 25,555,555 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $18.00 per share. Summit Inc. used the offering proceeds to purchase a number of newly-issued Class A Units (“LP Units”) from Summit Holdings equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock issued to the public. Summit Inc. caused Summit Holdings to use these proceeds: (i) to redeem $288.2 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding 10 1/₂% senior notes due January 31, 2020 (“2020 Notes”); (ii) to purchase 71,428,571 Class B Units of Continental Cement Company, L.L.C. (“Continental Cement”); (iii) to pay a one-time termination fee of $13.8 million primarily to affiliates of the Sponsors in connection with the termination of a transaction and management fee agreement; and (iv) for general corporate purposes. The $288.2 million redemption of 2020 Notes was completed in the second quarter of 2015 at a redemption price equal to par plus an applicable premium of $38.2 million plus $5.2 million of accrued and unpaid interest.

In connection with the IPO, Summit Inc. issued 69,007,297 shares of its Class B common stock to Summit Owner Holdco LLC (“Summit Owner Holdco”), a Delaware limited liability company owned by certain pre-IPO owners and the former holders of Class B Units of Continental Cement. The Class B common stock entitles Summit Owner Holdco, without regard to the number of shares of Class B common stock held by it, to a number of votes that is equal to the aggregate number of LP Units held by all limited partners of Summit Holdings (excluding Summit Inc.). The Class B common stock does not participate in dividends and does not have any liquidation rights.

Initial Public Offering—Summit Inc. commenced operations on March 11, 2015 upon the pricing of the initial public offering of its Class A common stock (“IPO”). Summit Inc. raised $433.0 million, net of underwriting discounts, through the issuance of 25,555,555 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $18.00 per share. Summit Inc. used the offering proceeds to purchase a number of newly-issued Class A Units (“LP Units”) from Summit Holdings equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock issued to the public. Summit Inc. caused Summit Holdings to use these proceeds: (i) to redeem $288.2 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding 10 ¹/₂% Senior Notes due January 31, 2020 (“2020 Notes”); (ii) to purchase 71,428,571 Class B Units of Continental Cement Company, L.L.C. (“Continental Cement”); (iii) to pay a one-time termination fee of $13.8 million primarily to affiliates of the Sponsors in connection with the termination of a transaction and management fee agreement; and (iv) for general corporate purposes. The $288.2 million redemption of 2020 Notes was completed at a redemption price equal to par plus an applicable premium of $38.2 million and $5.2 million of accrued and unpaid interest.

Follow-On Offering

On August 11, 2015, Summit Inc. raised $555.8 million, net of underwriting discounts, through the issuance of 22,425,000 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $25.75 per share ("the August 2015 follow-on offering"). Summit Inc. used these proceeds to purchase 3,750,000 newly-issued LP Units from Summit Holdings and 18,675,000 LP Units from certain pre-IPO owners, at a purchase price per LP Unit equal to the public offering price per share of Class A common stock, less underwriting discounts and commissions. Summit Holdings used the proceeds from the 3,750,000 newly-issued LP Units to pay the deferred purchase price of $80.0 million related to the July 17, 2015 acquisition of a cement plant and a quarry in Davenport, Iowa, and seven cement terminals along the Mississippi River (the “Davenport Assets”) and for general corporate purposes.

Follow-On Offering—On August 11, 2015, Summit Inc. raised $555.8 million, net of underwriting discounts, through the issuance of 22,425,000 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $25.75 per share. Summit Inc. used the offering proceeds to purchase 3,750,000 newly-issued LP Units from Summit Holdings and 18,675,000 LP Units from certain pre-IPO owners, at a purchase price per LP Unit equal to the public offering price per share of Class A common stock, less underwriting discounts and commissions. Summit Inc. caused Summit Holdings to use the proceeds from the newly-issued LP Units to pay all of the $80.0 million deferred purchase price related to the July 17, 2015 acquisition of a cement plant and a quarry in Davenport, Iowa, and seven cement terminals along the Mississippi River (the “Davenport Assets”) and for general corporate purposes.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation–The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Summit LLC and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company attributes consolidated member’s interest and net income separately to the controlling and noncontrolling interests. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries represent a 20% ownership in Ohio Valley Asphalt, LLC and, prior to the IPO and concurrent purchase of the noncontrolling interests of Continental Cement, a 30% redeemable ownership in Continental Cement. The Company accounts for investments in entities for which it has an ownership of 20% to 50% using the equity method of accounting.

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Summit LLC and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company attributes consolidated member’s interest and net income separately to the controlling and noncontrolling interests. The Company accounts for investments in entities for which it has an ownership of 20% to 50% using the equity method of accounting. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries represent a 20% ownership in Ohio Valley Asphalt, LLC and, prior to the IPO and concurrent purchase of the noncontrolling interests of Continental Cement, a 30% redeemable ownership in Continental Cement.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates— Preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets, pension and other postretirement obligations and asset retirement obligations. Estimates also include revenue earned on contracts and costs to complete contracts. Most of the Company’s paving and related services are performed under fixed unit-price contracts with state and local governmental entities. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results can differ significantly from estimates made. Changes in estimates, including those resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment, are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements when the change in estimate occurs.

Use of Estimates—The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, intangible and other long-lived assets, pension and other postretirement obligations and asset retirement obligations. Estimates also include revenue earned and costs to complete open contracts. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from estimates made. Changes in estimates, including those resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment, will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the change in estimate occurs.

Business and Credit Concentrations

Business and Credit Concentrations—The Company’s operations are conducted primarily across 24 U.S. states and in British Columbia, Canada, with the most significant revenue generated in Texas, Kansas, Utah, Missouri and Kentucky. The Company’s accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from customers within these areas. Therefore, collection of these accounts is dependent on the economic conditions in the aforementioned states, as well as specific situations affecting individual customers. Credit granted within the Company’s trade areas has been granted to many customers, and management does not believe that a significant concentration of credit exists with respect to any individual customer or group of customers. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue in the six months ended July 2, 2016 and June 27, 2015.

Business and Credit Concentrations—The majority of the Company’s customers are located in Texas, Kansas, Utah, Missouri and Kentucky and accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from customers within these states. Collection of these accounts is, therefore, dependent on the economic conditions in the aforementioned states. However, credit granted within the Company’s trade areas has been granted to a wide variety of customers. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue in 2015, 2014 or 2013. Management does not believe that any significant concentrations of credit exist with respect to individual customers or groups of customers.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable—Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance based on its assessment of the collectability of individual accounts. In establishing the allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and its customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, the current receivables aging and current payment terms. Balances that remain outstanding after reasonable collection efforts are exercised are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance.

The balances billed but not paid by customers, pursuant to retainage provisions included in contracts, are generally due upon completion of the contracts.

Revenue and Cost Recognition

Revenue and Cost Recognition—Revenue for product sales are recognized when evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, title passes, which is generally when the product is shipped, and collection is reasonably assured. Product revenue includes sales of aggregates, cement and other materials to customers, net of discounts, allowances or taxes, as applicable.

Revenue from construction contracts are included in service revenue and are recognized under the percentage-of-completion accounting method. The percent complete is measured by the cost incurred to date compared to the estimated total cost of each project. This method is used as management considers expended cost to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts, the majority of which are completed within one year, but may occasionally extend beyond one year. Inherent uncertainties in estimating costs make it at least reasonably possible that the estimates used will change within the near term and over the life of the contracts.

Contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance and completion. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are estimable. General and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income. Such revisions are recognized in the period in which they are determined. An amount equal to contract costs incurred that are attributable to claims is included in revenue when realization is probable and the amount can be reliably estimated.

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings are composed principally of revenue recognized on contracts (on the percentage-of-completion method) for which billings had not been presented to customers because the amount were not billable under the contract terms at the balance sheet date. In accordance with the contract terms, the unbilled receivables at January 2, 2016 will be billed in 2016. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings represent billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Revenue from the receipt of waste fuels is classified as service revenue and is based on fees charged for the waste disposal, which are recognized when the waste is accepted.

Inventories

Inventories—Inventories consist of stone that has been removed from quarries and processed for future sale, cement, raw materials and finished concrete blocks. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market and are accounted for on a first-in first-out basis or an average cost basis. If items become obsolete or otherwise unusable or if quantities exceed what is projected to be sold within a reasonable period of time, they will be charged to costs of production in the period that the items are designated as obsolete or excess inventory. Stripping costs are costs of removing overburden and waste material to access aggregate materials and are recognized in cost of revenue in the same period that the stripping costs are incurred.

Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, Plant and Equipment, net—Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization. Expenditures for additions and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs that do not substantially expand productive capacity or extend the life of property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred.

Landfill airspace is included in property, plant and equipment at cost and is amortized based on utilization of the asset. Management reassesses the landfill airspace capacity with any changes in value recorded in cost of revenue. Capitalized landfill costs include expenditures for the acquisition of land and related airspace, engineering and permitting costs, cell construction costs and direct site improvement costs.

Upon disposal of an asset, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the Company’s accounts and any gain or loss is included in general and administrative expenses.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment, including assets subject to capital leases, is computed on a straight-line basis or based on the economic usage over the estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful lives are generally as follows:


Buildings and improvements			7—40 years
Plant, machinery and equipment			20—40 years
Mobile equipment and barges			15—20 years
Office equipment			3—6 years
Truck and auto fleet			5—10 years
Landfill airspace and improvements			5—60 years
Other			2—10 years

Depletion of mineral reserves is calculated for proven and probable reserves by the units of production method on a site-by-site basis. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the asset’s useful life or the remaining lease term.

The Company reviews the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. Such indicators may include, among others, deterioration in general economic conditions, adverse changes in the markets in which an entity operates, increases in input costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows or a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods.

Property, plant and equipment is tested for impairment at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. As a result, the property, plant and equipment impairment test is at a significantly lower level than the level at which goodwill is tested for impairment. In markets where the Company does not produce downstream products (e.g., ready-mixed concrete, asphalt paving mix and paving and related services), the lowest level of largely independent identifiable cash flows is at the individual aggregates operation or a group of aggregates operations collectively serving a local market or the cement operations, as a whole. Conversely, in vertically-integrated markets, the cash flows of the downstream and upstream businesses are not largely independently identifiable and the vertically-integrated operations are considered the lowest level of largely independent identifiable cash flows.

Assets are assessed for impairment charges when identified for disposition. Projected losses from disposition are recognized in the period in which they become estimable, which may be in advance of the actual disposition. The net gain (loss) from asset dispositions recognized in general and administrative expenses in fiscal years 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $23.1 million, ($6.5 million) and ($12.4 million), respectively. No material impairment charges have been recognized on assets held for use in 2015, 2014 or 2013. The losses are commonly a result of the cash flows expected from selling the asset being less than the expected cash flows that could be generated from holding the asset for use.

Accrued Mining and Landfill Reclamation

Accrued Mining and Landfill Reclamation—The mining reclamation reserve and financial commitments for landfill closure and post-closure activities are based on management’s estimate of future cost requirements to reclaim property at both currently operating and closed sites. Estimates of these obligations have been developed based on management’s interpretation of current requirements and proposed regulatory changes and are intended to approximate fair value. Costs are estimated in current dollars, inflated until the expected time of payment, using an inflation rate of 2.5%, and then discounted back to present value using a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate on obligations of similar maturity, adjusted to reflect the Company’s credit rating. Changes in the credit-adjusted, risk-free rate do not change recorded liabilities. However, subsequent increases in the recognized obligations are measured using a current credit-adjusted, risk-free rate. Decreases in the recognized obligations are measured at the initial credit-adjusted, risk-free rate.

Significant changes in inflation rates or the amount or timing of future cost estimates typically result in both (1) a current adjustment to the recorded liability (and corresponding adjustment to the asset) and (2) a change in accretion of the liability and depreciation of the asset to be recorded prospectively over the remaining capacity of the unmined quarry or landfill.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets—The Company’s intangible assets are primarily composed of lease agreements and reserve rights. The assets related to lease agreements reflect the submarket royalty rates paid under agreements, primarily, for extracting aggregates. The values were determined as of the respective acquisition dates by a comparison of market-royalty rates to contract-royalty rates. The reserve rights relate to aggregate reserves to which the Company has the rights of ownership, but do not own the reserves. The intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the leases. The following table shows intangible assets by type and in total:


	January 2, 2016							December 27, 2014
	Gross					Net		Gross					Net
	Carrying		Accumulated			Carrying		Carrying		Accumulated			Carrying
	Amount		Amortization			Amount		Amount		Amortization			Amount
Leases	$	10,357	$	(2,531	)	$	7,826	$	10,357	$	(2,031	)	$	8,326
Reserve rights		8,636		(2,078	)		6,558		9,094		(540	)		8,554
Trade names		1,000		(558	)		442		1,020		(470	)		550
Other		249		(70	)		179		249		(32	)		217

Total intangible assets	$	20,242	$	(5,237	)	$	15,005	$	20,720	$	(3,073	)	$	17,647

Amortization expense in 2015, 2014, and 2013 was $2.2 million, $0.9 million, and $0.8 million, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:


2016		2,167
2017		959
2018		959
2019		959
2020		901
Thereafter		9,060

Total	$	15,005

Goodwill

Goodwill—Goodwill represents the purchase price paid in excess of the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill recorded in connection with the Company’s acquisitions is primarily attributable to the expected profitability, assembled workforces of the acquired businesses and the synergies expected to arise after the Company’s acquisition of those businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested annually for impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter and at any time that events or circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. A qualitative approach may first be applied to determine whether it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, as a result of the qualitative assessment, it is determined that an impairment is more likely than not, the two-step quantitative impairment test is then performed, otherwise further analysis is not required. The two-step impairment test first identifies potential goodwill impairment for each reporting unit and then, if necessary, measures the amount of the impairment loss.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes—As a limited liability company, the Company’s federal and state income tax attributes are generally passed to its members. However, certain subsidiaries of the Company are taxable entities subject to income taxes in the United States and Canada, the provisions for which are included in the consolidated financial statements. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of the consolidated income tax expense.

For the Company’s taxable entities, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the tax basis and financial statement amounts that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the jurisdictions in which they arise and periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is recognized for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making such a determination, all available positive and negative evidence is considered, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance had been recorded then an adjustment would be made to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company evaluates the tax positions taken on income tax returns that remain open to examination by the respective tax authorities from prior years and positions expected to be taken on the current year tax returns to identify uncertain tax positions. Unrecognized tax benefits on uncertain tax positions are recorded on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority is recognized. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in income tax expense.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements—Certain acquisitions made by the Company require the payment of contingent amounts of purchase consideration. These payments are contingent on specified operating results being achieved in periods subsequent to the acquisition and will only be made if earn-out thresholds are achieved. Contingent consideration obligations are measured at fair value each reporting period. Any adjustments to fair value are recognized in earnings in the period identified.

The Company has entered into interest rate derivatives on $200.0 million of its term loan borrowings to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and will be subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The fair value of contingent consideration and derivatives as of July 2, 2016 and January 2, 2016 was:


	July 2,		January 2,
	2016		2016
Current portion of acquisition-related liabilities and Accrued expenses:
Contingent consideration	$	4,991	$	4,918
Cash flow hedges		677		224
Acquisition-related liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities
Contingent consideration	$	1,785	$	2,475
Cash flow hedges		3,500		681

The fair value of contingent consideration was based on unobservable, or Level 3, inputs, including projected probability-weighted cash payments and an 11.0% discount rate, which reflects a market discount rate. Changes in fair value may occur as a result of a change in actual or projected cash payments, the probability weightings applied by the Company to projected payments or a change in the discount rate. Significant increases or decreases in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a lower, or higher, fair value measurement. The fair value of the cash flow hedges are based on observable, or Level 2, inputs such as interest rates, bond yields and prices in inactive markets. There were no material valuation adjustments in the six months ended July 2, 2016 and June 27, 2015.

Fair Value Measurements—Certain acquisitions made by the Company require the payment of contingent amounts of purchase consideration. These payments are contingent on specified operating results being achieved in periods subsequent to the acquisition and will only be made if earn-out thresholds are achieved. Contingent consideration obligations are measured at fair value each reporting period. Any adjustments to fair value are recognized in earnings in the period identified.

In 2015, the Company entered into interest rate derivatives on $200.0 million of its term loan borrowings to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The fair value of contingent consideration and derivatives as of January 2, 2016 and December 27, 2014 was:


	2015		2014
Current portion of acquisition-related liabilities and derivatives:
Contingent consideration	$	4,918	$	2,375
Cash flow hedge		224		—

Acquisition- related liabilities and derivatives:
Contingent consideration	$	2,475	$	5,379
Cash flow hedge		681		—

The fair value accounting guidance establishes the following fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:


Level 1 —		Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 —		Inputs other than Level 1 that are based on observable market data, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, inputs that are observable that are not prices and inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable markets.

Level 3 —		Valuations developed from unobservable data, reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, which market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The fair value of contingent consideration was based on unobservable, or Level 3, inputs, including projected probability-weighted cash payments and an 11.0% discount rate, which reflects a market discount rate. Changes in fair value may occur as a result of a change in actual or projected cash payments, the probability weightings applied by the Company to projected payments or a change in the discount rate. Significant increases or decreases in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a lower, or higher, fair value measurement. In 2015 and 2014, we recognized immaterial reductions to contingent consideration.

The fair value of the derivatives are based on observable, or Level 2, inputs, including interest rates, bond yields and prices in inactive markets. There was no material adjustments to the fair value of derivatives recognized in 2015.

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments—The Company’s financial instruments include debt and certain acquisition-related liabilities (deferred consideration and noncompete obligations). The carrying value and fair value of these financial instruments as of July 2, 2016 and January 2, 2016 was:


	July 2, 2016				January 2, 2016
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value

Level 2
Long-term debt(1)	$	1,553,674	$	1,538,962	$	1,283,799	$	1,291,858

Level 3
Current portion of deferred consideration and noncompete obligations(2)		10,240		10,240		13,166		13,166
Long term portion of deferred consideration and noncompete obligations(3)		23,754		23,754		28,553		28,553

(1)

Balance includes $6.5 million of current portion of debt and excludes capitalized loan costs of $15.7 million and $11.7 million as of July 2, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively.

(2)

Included in current portion of acquisition-related liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

(3)

Included in acquisition-related liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The fair value of debt was determined based on observable, or Level 2 inputs, such as interest rates, bond yields and quoted prices in inactive markets. The fair values of the deferred consideration and noncompete obligations were determined based on unobservable, or Level 3, inputs, including the cash payment terms in the purchase agreements and a discount rate reflecting the Company’s credit risk.

Financial Instruments—The Company’s financial instruments include debt and certain acquisition-related liabilities (deferred consideration and noncompete obligations). The carrying value and fair value of these financial instruments as of January 2, 2016 and December 27, 2014 was:


	January 2, 2016				December 27, 2014
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value

Level 2
Long-term debt⁽¹⁾	$	1,283,799	$	1,291,858	$	1,101,873	$	1,048,960

Level 3
Current portion of deferred consideration and noncompete obligations⁽²⁾		13,166		13,166		16,027		16,027
Long term portion of deferred consideration and noncompete obligations⁽³⁾		28,553		28,553		37,357		37,357

(1)

$6.5 million and $5.3 million included in current portion of debt as of January 2, 2016 and December 27, 2014, respectively.

(2)

Included in current portion of acquisition-related liabilities on the balance sheet.

(3)

Included in acquisition-related liabilities on the balance sheet.

Securities with a maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents and the fair value of these assets approximates their carrying value.

New Accounting Standards

New Accounting Standards — In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new accounting standard with targeted amendments to the accounting for employee share-based payments. Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, requires that the income tax effect of share-based awards be recognized in the income statement and allows entities to elect an accounting method to recognize forfeitures as they occur or to estimate forfeitures, as is currently required. The ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. However, the Company early adopted this ASU as of the beginning of fiscal year 2016 and made an election to recognize forfeitures as they occur. The ASU adoption was applied using a modified retrospective method by means of a $1.7 million cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit as of the beginning of the fiscal year.

In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard related to lease accounting, ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which will result in lessees recognizing most leases on the balance sheet. Lessees are required to disclose more quantitative and qualitative information about their leases than current U.S. GAAP requires. The ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Management is currently assessing the effect that the adoption of this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers. ASU No 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, prescribes a five-step model for revenue recognition that will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The ASU will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and provides that an entity recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This update also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU No. 2014-09 allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. In July 2015, the FASB postponed the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year to the first quarter of 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than 2017. Management is currently assessing the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Standards — In November 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, requires that all deferred tax liabilities and assets of the same tax jurisdiction or a tax filing group, as well as any related valuation allowance, be offset and presented as a single noncurrent amount in a classified balance sheet. The ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. However, the Company adopted this ASU in 2015 and applied it retrospectively to all prior periods (i.e., the balance sheet for each period was adjusted), resulting in $1.1 million decrease to both Other Current Assets and Other Noncurrent Liabilities as of December 27, 2014.

In October 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to simplify the accounting for measurement-period adjustments. ASU 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, requires adjustments to provisional amounts during the measurement period, including the cumulative effect of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects to be recognized in the current-period financial statements. If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the acquisition occurs, an acquirer should report provisional amounts related to items for which the accounting is incomplete. During the measurement period, the provisional amounts are then adjusted to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. The measurement period ends as soon as the acquirer receives the information it was seeking or learns that more information is not obtainable. However, the measurement period cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date. In addition, the amendments require an entity to disclose (either on the face of the income statement or in the notes) the nature and amount of measurement-period adjustments recognized in the current period by income statement line items that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. The ASU is effective for public business entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. However, the Company adopted this ASU in 2015, resulting in an immaterial effect on the consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. Under the ASU, an entity will present such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. The ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. However, the Company adopted this ASU in 2015 and applied it retrospectively to all prior periods (i.e., the balance sheet for each period will be adjusted), resulting in $16.8 million decrease to both Other Assets (noncurrent) and Long-term Debt as of December 27, 2014.

In April 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard, ASU 2015-04, Practical Expedient for the Measurement Date of an Employer’s Defined Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets, which gives an employer whose fiscal year-end does not coincide with a calendar month-end (e.g., an entity that has a 52- or 53-week fiscal year) the ability, as a practical expedient, to measure defined benefit retirement obligations and related plan assets as of the month-end that is closest to its fiscal year-end. The ASU is effective for public business entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. However, the Company adopted this ASU in 2015, resulting in an immaterial effect on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers. ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, prescribes a five-step model for revenue recognition that will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The ASU will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and provides that an entity recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This update also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU No. 2014-09 allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. In July 2015, the FASB postponed the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year to the first quarter of 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than 2017. Management is currently assessing the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications — Certain amounts in the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

Reclassifications — Certain amounts in the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the current period.