EX-99.1 2 ferrarinvinterimreport-093.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 99.1
 
 
 
 
 
image0a01.jpg
Ferrari N.V.
 

Interim Report
At and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

CONTENTS
 
Page
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
INTRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Highlights
Forward-Looking Statements
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Results of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Recent Developments
Outlook
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AT AND FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
 
Interim Consolidated Income Statement
Interim Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Interim Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Interim Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements









BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Chairman

John Elkann

Chief Executive Officer

Louis C. Camilleri

Vice Chairman

Piero Ferrari

Directors

Delphine Arnault
Giuseppina Capaldo
Eddy Cue
Sergio Duca
Lapo Elkann
Amedeo Felisa
Maria Patrizia Grieco
Adam Keswick
Elena Zambon




INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

EY S.p.A.

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

In this report (the “Interim Report”) , unless otherwise specified, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Group,” the “Company” and “Ferrari” refer to Ferrari N.V., individually or together with its subsidiaries, as the context may require. References to “FCA” or “FCA Group” refer to Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., together with its subsidiaries as the context may require.


1



INTRODUCTION

The Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements at and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 (the “Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”) included in this Interim Report have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and in accordance with IFRS as endorsed by the European Union, and in particular, in compliance with IAS 34 - Interim Financial Reporting. The accounting principles applied are consistent with those used for the preparation of the annual consolidated financial statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Annual Consolidated Financial Statements”), except as otherwise stated in “New standards and amendments effective from January 1, 2018” in the notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Group’s financial information in this Interim Report is presented in Euro except that, in some instances, information is presented in U.S. Dollars. All references in this report to “Euro” and “€” refer to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of European Economic and Monetary Union pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, as amended, and all references to “U.S. Dollars,” “U.S. Dollar,” “U.S.$” and “$” refer to the currency of the United States of America (or “United States”).

Certain totals in the tables included in this Interim Report may not add due to rounding.

The financial data in “Results of Operations” is presented in millions of Euro, while the percentages presented are calculated using the underlying figures in thousands of Euro.

This Interim Report is unaudited.

2



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Highlights
Consolidated Income Statement Data
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(€ million, except per share data)
Net revenues
838

 
836

 
2,575

 
2,577

EBIT
203

 
202

 
631

 
581

Profit before taxes
197

 
194

 
616

 
556

Net profit
287

 
141

 
596

 
401

Net profit attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      Owners of the parent
287

 
140

 
595

 
400

      Non-controlling interests

 
1

 
1

 
1

Basic earnings per common share (in Euro) (1)
1.52

 
0.74

 
3.15

 
2.11

Diluted earnings per common share (in Euro) (1)
1.51

 
0.74

 
3.14

 
2.11

Dividend approved per common share (in Euro) (2)

 

 
0.71

 

Distribution approved per common share (in Euro) (3)

 

 

 
0.64

_____________________________
(1)
See Note 13 “Earnings per Share” to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
(2)
Following approval of the annual accounts by the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting of the Shareholders on April 13, 2018, a dividend distribution of €0.71 per common share was approved, corresponding to a total distribution of €134 million. The distribution was made from the retained earnings reserve.
(3)
Following approval of the annual accounts by the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting of the Shareholders on April 14, 2017, a cash distribution of €0.635 per common share was approved, corresponding to a total distribution of €120 million. The distribution was made from the share premium reserve which is a distributable reserve under Dutch law.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position Data

At September 30,
 
At December 31,

2018
 
2017

(€ million)
Cash and cash equivalents
753

 
648

Total assets
4,615

 
4,141

Debt
1,887

 
1,806

Total equity
1,231

 
784

Equity attributable to owners of the parent
1,226

 
779

Non-controlling interests
5

 
5

Share capital
3

 
3

Common shares issued (in thousands of shares)
188,646

 
188,954



3



Other Statistical Information
Shipments
(Number of cars and % of total cars)
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
%
 
2017
 
%
 
2018
 
%
 
2017
 
%
EMEA
 
 
 
UK
178

 
7.9
%
 
158

 
7.7
%
 
714

 
10.4
%
 
666

 
10.4
%
Germany
218

 
9.6
%
 
201

 
9.8
%
 
601

 
8.8
%
 
560

 
8.8
%
Italy
115

 
5.1
%
 
105

 
5.1
%
 
374

 
5.5
%
 
343

 
5.4
%
France
108

 
4.8
%
 
81

 
4.0
%
 
306

 
4.5
%
 
266

 
4.2
%
Switzerland
95

 
4.2
%
 
95

 
4.6
%
 
295

 
4.3
%
 
281

 
4.4
%
Middle East (1)
90

 
4.0
%
 
78

 
3.8
%
 
203

 
3.0
%
 
233

 
3.7
%
Rest of EMEA (2)
201

 
8.8
%
 
185

 
9.1
%
 
688

 
10.0
%
 
589

 
9.1
%
Total EMEA
1,005

 
44.4
%
 
903

 
44.1
%
 
3,181

 
46.5
%
 
2,938

 
46.0
%
Americas (3)
770

 
34.0
%
 
736

 
36.0
%
 
2,189

 
31.9
%
 
2,078

 
32.6
%
China, Hong Kong and Taiwan (on a combined basis)
162

 
7.2
%
 
152

 
7.4
%
 
522

 
7.6
%
 
453

 
7.1
%
Rest of APAC (4)
325

 
14.4
%
 
255

 
12.5
%
 
961

 
14.0
%
 
912

 
14.3
%
Total
2,262

 
100.0
%
 
2,046

 
100.0
%
 
6,853

 
100.0
%
 
6,381

 
100.0
%
_____________________________
(1)    Middle East mainly includes the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, Oman and Kuwait.
(2)     Rest of EMEA includes Africa and the other European markets not separately identified.
(3)    Americas includes the United States of America, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Central and South America.
(4)    Rest of APAC mainly includes Japan, Australia, Singapore, Indonesia, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia.


Average number of employees for the period
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Average number of employees for the period
3,735
 
3,375
 
3,587
 
3,339


4



Forward-Looking Statements
Statements contained in this report, particularly those regarding our possible or assumed future performance are “forward-looking statements” that contain risks and uncertainties. In some cases, words such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “could”, “should”, “intend”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “remain”, continue, “on track”, “successful”, “grow”, “design”, “target”, “objective”, “goal”, “forecast”, “projection”, “outlook”, “prospects”, “plan”, “guidance” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect the respective current views of Ferrari with respect to future events and involve significant risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, without limitation:
our ability to preserve and enhance the value of the Ferrari brand;
the success of our Formula 1 racing team and the expenses we incur for our Formula 1 activities;
our ability to keep up with advances in high performance car technology and to make appealing designs for our new models;
the challenges and costs of integrating hybrid technology more broadly into our car portfolio over time;
our ability to preserve our relationship with the automobile collector and enthusiast community;
our low volume strategy;
the ability of Maserati, our engine customer, to sell its planned volume of cars;
changes in client preferences and automotive trends;
changes in the general economic environment, including changes in some of the markets in which we operate, and changes in demand for luxury goods, including high performance luxury cars, which is highly volatile;
the impact of increasingly stringent fuel economy, emission and safety standards, including the cost of compliance, and any required changes to our products;
our ability to successfully carry out our growth strategy and, particularly, our ability to grow our presence in emerging market countries;
our ability to achieve our key financial targets and our financial policy;
our ability to service and refinance our debt;
competition in the luxury performance automobile industry;
reliance upon a number of key members of executive management and employees, and the ability of our current management team to operate and manage effectively;
the performance of our dealer network on which we depend for sales and services;
increases in costs, disruptions of supply or shortages of components and raw materials;
disruptions at our manufacturing facilities in Maranello and Modena;
our ability to provide or arrange for adequate access to financing for our dealers and clients, and associated risks;
the performance of our licensees for Ferrari-branded products;
our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and to avoid infringing on the intellectual property rights of others;
product recalls, liability claims and product warranties;
our continued compliance with customs regulations of various jurisdictions;
labor relations and collective bargaining agreements;
exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate changes, credit risk and other market risks;
changes in tax, tariff or fiscal policies and regulatory, political and labor conditions in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including possible future bans of combustion engine cars in cities and the potential advent of self-driving technologies;

5



our ability to ensure that our employees, agents and representatives comply with applicable law and regulations;
the adequacy of our insurance coverage to protect us against potential losses;
potential conflicts of interest due to director and officer overlaps with our largest shareholders;
our ability to maintain the functional and efficient operation of our information technology systems, including our ability to defend from the risk of cyberattacks on our in-vehicle technology; and
other factors discussed elsewhere in this document.

We expressly disclaim and do not assume any liability in connection with any inaccuracies in any of the forward-looking statements in this document or in connection with any use by any third party of such forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. We do not undertake an obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements.

6




Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We monitor and evaluate our operating and financial performance using several non-GAAP financial measures including: EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted Net Profit, Adjusted Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share, Net Debt, Net Industrial Debt, Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities, as well as a number of financial metrics measured on a constant currency basis. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful and relevant information regarding our performance and our ability to assess our financial performance and financial position. They also provide us with comparable measures that facilitate management’s ability to identify operational trends, as well as make decisions regarding future spending, resource allocations and other operational decisions. While similar measures are widely used in the industry in which we operate, the financial measures we use may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies nor are they intended to be substitutes for measures of financial performance or financial position as prepared in accordance with IFRS.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA is defined as net profit before income tax expense, net financial expenses and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA as adjusted for income and costs, which are significant in nature, but expected to occur infrequently. The following table sets forth the calculation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and provides a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to net profit. EBITDA is presented by management to aid investors in their analysis of the performance of the Group and to assist investors in the comparison of the Group’s performance with that of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is presented to demonstrate how the underlying business has performed prior to the impact of the adjusted items, which may obscure underlying performance and impair comparability of results between periods.
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(€ million)
Net profit
287

 
141

 
596

 
401

Income tax (benefit)/expense
(90
)
 
53

 
20

 
155

Net financial expenses
6

 
8

 
15

 
25

Amortization and depreciation
75

 
64

 
210

 
197

EBITDA
278

 
266

 
841

 
778

Release of charges related to Takata airbag inflator recalls

 

 
(1
)
 

Adjusted EBITDA
278

 
266

 
840

 
778

Adjusted EBIT
Adjusted EBIT represents EBIT as adjusted for income and costs, which are significant in nature, but expected to occur infrequently. We provide such information in order to present how the underlying business has performed prior to the impact of such items, which may obscure underlying performance and impair comparability of results between the periods. The following table sets forth the calculation of Adjusted EBIT for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(€ million)
EBIT
203

 
202

 
631

 
581

Release of charges related to Takata airbag inflator recalls

 

 
(1
)
 

Adjusted EBIT
203

 
202

 
630

 
581


7




Adjusted Net Profit
Adjusted Net Profit represents net profit as adjusted for income and costs (net of tax effect), which are significant in nature, but expected to occur infrequently. We provide such information in order to present how the underlying business has performed prior to the impact of such items, which may obscure underlying performance and impair comparability of results between the periods. The following table sets forth the calculation of Adjusted Net Profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(€ million)
 
(€ million)
Net profit
287

 
141

 
596

 
401

Release of charges related to Takata airbag inflator recalls (net of tax effect)

 

 
(1
)
 

Patent box benefit for the period 2015-2017
(141
)
 

 
(141
)
 

Adjusted Net Profit
146

 
141

 
454

 
401

Adjusted Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

Adjusted Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share represents earnings per share, as adjusted for income and costs (net of tax effect), which are significant in nature, but expected to occur infrequently. We provide such information in order to present how the underlying business has performed prior to the impact of such items, which may obscure underlying performance and impair comparability of results between the periods. The following table sets forth the calculation of Adjusted Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.


 
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net profit attributable to owners of the Company
€ million
287

 
140

 
595

 
400

Release of charges related to Takata airbag inflator recalls (net of tax effect)
€ million

 

 
(1
)
 

Patent box benefit for the period 2015-2017
€ million
(141
)
 

 
(141
)
 

Adjusted net profit attributable to owners of the Company
€ million
146

 
140

 
453

 
400

Weighted average number of common shares
thousand
188,646

 
188,954

 
188,712

 
188,951

Adjusted basic earnings per common share
0.78

 
0.74

 
2.40

 
2.11

Weighted average number of common shares for diluted earnings per common share
thousand
189,434


189,759


189,500


189,759

Adjusted diluted earnings per common share (1)
0.77


0.74


2.39


2.11


(1)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 the weighted average number of shares for diluted earnings per share was increased to take into consideration the theoretical effect of the potential common shares that would be issued for the equity incentive plan.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 the weighted average number of shares for diluted earnings per share was increased to take into consideration the theoretical effect of (i) the potential common shares that would be issued for the equity incentive plan and (ii) the potential common shares that would be issued for the Non-Executive Directors’ compensation agreement.

Net Debt and Net Industrial Debt    

Net Industrial Debt is the primary measure used by us to analyze our financial leverage and capital structure, and is one of the key indicators, together with Net Debt, we use to measure our financial position. These measures are presented by

8



management to aid investors in their analysis of the Group’s financial position and financial performance and to compare the Group’s financial position and financial performance with that of other companies. Net Industrial Debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents (Net Debt), further adjusted to exclude the funded portion of the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio, which is the portion of our receivables from financing activities that we fund with external debt or intercompany loans.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Net Debt and Net Industrial Debt at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.


At September 30,

At December 31,

2018

2017

(€ million)
Cash and cash equivalents
753


648

Debt
(1,887
)
 
(1,806
)
Net Debt
(1,134
)
 
(1,158
)
Funded portion of the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio
762


685

Net Industrial Debt
(372
)

(473
)

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities
    
Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities are two of our primary key performance indicators to measure the Group’s performance. These measures are presented by management to aid investors in their analysis of the Group’s financial performance and to compare the Group's financial performance with that of other companies. Free Cash Flow is defined as cash flows from operating activities less cash flows used in investing activities. Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities is defined as Free Cash Flow adjusted for the change in the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio, which is the change in our receivables from financing activities. The following table sets forth our Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(€ million)
Cash flows from operating activities
619

 
507

Cash flows used in investing activities
(403
)
 
(239
)
Free Cash Flow
216

 
268

Change in the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio
71

 
47

Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities
287

 
315


Cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are net of €8 million proceeds from exercising the Delta Topco option.

Constant Currency Information

The “Results of Operations” discussion below includes information about our net revenues on a constant currency basis, which eliminates the effects of foreign currency translation from our subsidiaries with functional currencies other than Euro, as well as the effects of foreign currency transaction impact and foreign currency hedging. We use this information to assess how the underlying revenues changed independent of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and hedging. We calculate constant currency by (i) applying the prior-period average foreign currency exchange rates to translate current period revenues expressed in local functional currency other than the Euro of foreign subsidiaries, (ii) applying the prior-period average foreign currency exchange rates to current period revenues originated in a currency other than the functional currency of the applicable entity, and (iii) eliminating the variances of any foreign currency hedging (see Note 5 “Other Information” to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in this Interim Report, for information on the foreign currency exchange rates applied). Although we do not believe that these measures are a substitute for GAAP measures, we do believe

9



that revenues excluding the impact of currency fluctuations year-on-year and the impacts of hedging, provide additional useful information to investors regarding the operating performance on a local currency basis.
    

Results of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to three months ended September 30, 2017
The following is a discussion of the results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The discussion of certain line items includes a presentation of such line items as a percentage of net revenues for the respective periods presented, to facilitate period-to-period comparisons.


For the three months ended September 30,

2018
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2017
 
Percentage of net revenues

(€ million, except percentages)
Net revenues
838

 
100.0
 %
 
836

 
100.0
%
Cost of sales
402

 
47.9
 %
 
396

 
47.4
%
Selling, general and administrative costs
87

 
10.4
 %
 
91

 
10.8
%
Research and development costs
143

 
17.1
 %
 
147

 
17.6
%
Other expenses, net
4

 
0.5
 %
 
1

 
0.1
%
Result from investments
1


0.1
 %

1


0.1
%
EBIT
203

 
24.2
 %
 
202

 
24.2
%
Net financial expenses
6

 
0.7
 %
 
8

 
1.0
%
Profit before taxes
197

 
23.5
 %
 
194

 
23.2
%
Income tax (benefit)/expense
(90
)
 
(10.8
)%
 
53

 
6.4
%
Net profit
287

 
34.3
 %
 
141

 
16.8
%

Net revenues

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

Percentage of net revenues

2017

Percentage of net revenues

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
Cars and spare parts (1)
616


73.5
%

605


72.4
%

11


1.9
 %
Engines (2)
70


8.4
%

88


10.5
%

(18
)

(19.9
)%
Sponsorship, commercial and brand (3)
128


15.2
%

124


14.8
%

4


3.4
 %
Other (4)
24


2.9
%

19


2.3
%

5


21.8
 %
Total net revenues
838


100.0
%

836


100.0
%

2


0.3
 %
_____________________________
(1)
Includes the net revenues generated from shipments of our cars, including any personalization revenue generated on these cars and sales of spare parts.
(2)
Includes the net revenues generated from the sale of engines to Maserati for use in their cars, and the revenues generated from the rental of engines to other Formula 1 racing teams.
(3)
Includes the net revenues earned by our Formula 1 racing team through sponsorship agreements and our share of the Formula 1 World Championship commercial revenues and net revenues generated through the Ferrari brand, including merchandising, licensing and royalty income.
(4)
Primarily includes interest income generated by financial services activities and net revenues from the management of the Mugello racetrack.

Net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were €838 million, an increase of €2 million, or 0.3 percent (an increase of 2.2 percent on a constant currency basis), from €836 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

10



The increase in net revenues was attributable to the combination of (i) an €11 million increase in cars and spare parts net revenues, (ii) a €5 million increase in other net revenues, and (iii) a €4 million increase in sponsorship, commercial and brand net revenues, partially offset by (iv) an €18 million decrease in engines net revenues.
Cars and spare parts
Net revenues generated from cars and spare parts were €616 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of €11 million, or 1.9 percent, from €605 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was attributable to a €26 million increase in net revenues from range and special series cars and spare parts, partially offset by a €15 million decrease in net revenues from hypercars and limited edition cars.

The €26 million increase in net revenues from range and special series cars and spare parts was principally attributable to an increase in shipments, as well as positive mix driven by V12 models and pricing increases. Shipments of V12 range and special series models increased by approximately 12.8 percent, primarily attributable to shipments of the 812 Superfast, which commenced in the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by a decrease in shipments of the F12tdf, which finished its limited series run in 2017, and the phase-out of the F12berlinetta in 2017. Shipments of V8 range and special series models increased by approximately 11.4 percent, mainly due to the Ferrari Portofino, partially offset by the phase-out of the California T.

The €26 million increase in net revenues from range and special series cars and spare parts was composed of (i) an €18 million increase in Americas, and (ii) a €16 million increase in Rest of APAC, partially offset by (iii) a €5 million decrease in EMEA, and (iv) a €3 million decrease in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan (on a combined basis).

(i)
The €18 million increase in Americas net revenues was primarily attributable to positive volume and mix, as well as positive foreign currency translation impact. The positive volume and mix was driven by the 812 Superfast and the Ferrari Portofino as well as the 488 and GTC4Lusso families, partially offset by the phase-outs of the California T, the F12berlinetta, and the F12tdf.

(ii)
The €16 million increase in Rest of APAC net revenues was attributable to an increase in net revenues in Australia, Japan and other Rest of APAC, and primarily driven by positive volume and mix, as well as greater contribution from our personalization programs. Positive volume and mix was driven by the 812 Superfast and the Ferrari Portofino, partially offset by the phase-out of the California T.

(iii)
The €5 million decrease in EMEA net revenues was primarily attributable to negative mix, driven by the performance of V8 models, and in particular, deliveries of the Ferrari Portofino, partially offset by positive volume impact. Positive volume impact was driven by double digit growth in shipments in France, the Middle East, the UK and Italy as well as single-digit growth in Rest of EMEA and Germany and was primarily attributable to the Ferrari Portofino and the 812 Superfast, partially offset by the phase-outs of the California T, the F12berlinetta and the F12tdf.

(iv)
The €3 million decrease in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan (on a combined basis) net revenues was primarily attributable to our personalization programs, partially offset by positive volume and mix. The increase in shipments was mainly driven by the Ferrari Portofino and the 812 Superfast, partially offset by the phase-out of the California T.

The decrease in net revenues from hypercars and limited edition cars was attributable to a decrease in shipments of the LaFerrari Aperta, which is finishing its limited series run, partially offset by deliveries of the strictly limited edition Ferrari J50.
    
Engines
Net revenues generated from engines were €70 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of €18 million, or 19.9 percent, from €88 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The €18 million decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease in net revenues generated from the sale of engines to Maserati, driven by a decrease in the number of engines shipped in the third quarter of 2018 compared to the third quarter of 2017.

Sponsorship, commercial and brand

Net revenues generated from sponsorship, commercial agreements and brand management activities were €128 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of €4 million, or 3.4 percent, from €124 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to a higher 2017 championship ranking compared to 2016 and sponsorship revenues, partially offset by brand related activities.

11




Other

Other net revenues were €24 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of €5 million, or 21.8 percent, from €19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to financial services.

Cost of sales

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

Percentage of net revenues

2017

Percentage of net revenues

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
Cost of sales
402


47.9
%

396


47.4
%

6


1.3
%

Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was €402 million, an increase of €6 million, or 1.3 percent, from €396 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. As a percentage of net revenues, cost of sales was 47.9 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 47.4 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2017.
The increase in cost of sales was primarily attributable to (i) an increase in costs of €28 million driven by an increase in volumes and mix, amortization and depreciation, partially offset by (ii) a decrease of €22 million driven by lower costs for supporting activities, including lower engine volumes.
Selling, general and administrative costs

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

Percentage of net revenues

2017

Percentage of net revenues

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
Selling, general and administrative costs
87


10.4
%

91


10.8
%

(4
)

(4.1
)%

Selling, general and administrative costs for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were €87 million, a decrease of €4 million, or 4.1 percent, from €91 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. As a percentage of net revenues, selling, general and administrative costs were 10.4 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 10.8 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily attributable to the effect of costs incurred in 2017 related to initiatives for Ferrari’s 70th anniversary.

Research and development costs

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

Percentage of net revenues

2017

Percentage of net revenues

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
Research and development costs expensed during the period
113


13.5
%

124


14.8
%

(11
)

(9.0
)%
Amortization of capitalized development costs
30


3.6
%

23


2.8
%

7


31.9
 %
Research and development costs
143


17.1
%

147


17.6
%

(4
)

(2.5
)%

Research and development costs for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were €143 million, a decrease of €4 million, or 2.5 percent, from €147 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. As a percentage of net revenues,

12



research and development costs were 17.1 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 17.6 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The decrease in research and development costs during the period of €4 million was mainly driven by lower research and development costs for Formula 1 activities.

Other expenses, net

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

2017

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
Other expenses, net
4


1


3


n.m.

Other expenses, net for the three months ended September 30, 2018 included other expenses of €5 million, mainly related to provisions, indirect taxes and other miscellaneous expenses partially offset by other income of €1 million, mainly related to rental income and other miscellaneous income.    
Other expenses, net for the three months ended September 30, 2017 included other expenses of €2 million, mainly related to indirect taxes, partially offset by other income of €1 million, mainly related to rental income and gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment.
EBIT

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

Percentage of net revenues

2017

Percentage of net revenues

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
EBIT
203


24.2
%

202


24.2
%

1


0.4
%

EBIT for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was €203 million, an increase of €1 million, or 0.4 percent, from €202 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The increase in EBIT was primarily attributable to (i) positive volume impact of €23 million, (ii) a decrease in selling, general and administrative costs of €4 million, (iii) a decrease in research and development costs of €4 million, and (iv) €1 million of positive contribution from other supporting activities, partially offset by (v) negative net foreign currency exchange impact, including foreign currency hedging instruments, of €19 million, and (vi) negative product mix and pricing impact of €12 million.

The positive volume impact of €23 million was attributable to an increase in shipments, driven by the Ferari Portofino and the 812 Superfast. The negative product mix and pricing impact of €12 million was primarily attributable to the performance of V8 models and lower sales of the LaFerrari Aperta, which is finishing its limited series run, partially offset by pricing increases and deliveries of the strictly limited edition Ferrari J50.

Net financial expenses

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

2017

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
Net financial expenses
6


8


(2
)

(22.4
)%

Net financial expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were €6 million compared to €8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.


13



The decrease in net financial expenses was primarily attributable to a decrease in interest expenses, mainly driven by lower interest on bank borrowings due to the full repayment of the Term Loan in November 2017, partially offset by higher interest on bonds due to a new bond issued in November 2017.

Income tax (benefit)/expense

For the three months ended September 30,

Increase/(Decrease)

2018

2017

2018 vs. 2017

(€ million, except percentages)
Income tax (benefit)/expense
(90
)

53


(143
)

n.m.

Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was €90 million compared to income tax expense of €53 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to the positive impact from the application of the Patent Box tax regime (as described below), including €141 million of the Patent Box benefit related to the years 2015 to 2017, of which €139 million was from direct and €2 million was from indirect use of copyrights, patents, trademarks, designs and know-how.

In September 2018, the Group signed an agreement with the Italian Revenue Agency in relation to the Patent Box tax regime, which provides a tax benefit for companies that generate income through the use, both direct and indirect, of copyrights, patents, trademarks, designs and know-how. See Note 12 “Income Tax (Benefit)/Expense” to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.

The income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was €90 million, representing a change of €143 million compared to the income tax expense of €53 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, mainly attributable to the positive impact of the Patent Box benefit relating to the years 2015 to 2017 as well as the positive impact of the Patent Box related to the 2018 fiscal year.

14



Nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2017
The following is a discussion of the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The discussion of certain line items includes a presentation of such line items as a percentage of net revenues for the respective periods presented, to facilitate period-to-period comparisons.

 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2017
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Net revenues
2,575

 
100.0
%
 
2,577

 
100.0
%
Cost of sales
1,224

 
47.6
%
 
1,252

 
48.7
%
Selling, general and administrative costs
240

 
9.3
%
 
255

 
9.9
%
Research and development costs
482

 
18.7
%
 
482

 
18.7
%
Other expenses, net

 
%
 
9

 
0.3
%
Result from investments
2


0.1
%

2


0.1
%
EBIT
631

 
24.5
%
 
581

 
22.6
%
Net financial expenses
15

 
0.6
%
 
25

 
1.0
%
Profit before taxes
616

 
23.9
%
 
556

 
21.6
%
Income tax expense
20

 
0.7
%
 
155

 
6.0
%
Net profit
596

 
23.2
%
 
401

 
15.6
%

Net revenues
 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2017
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Cars and spare parts(1)
 
1,898

 
73.7
%
 
1,855

 
72.0
%
 
43

 
2.3
 %
Engines(2)
 
227

 
8.8
%
 
292

 
11.3
%
 
(65
)
 
(22.3
)%
Sponsorship, commercial and brand(3)
 
380

 
14.7
%
 
370

 
14.4
%
 
10

 
2.6
 %
Other(4)
 
70

 
2.8
%
 
60

 
2.3
%
 
10

 
17.5
 %
Total net revenues
 
2,575

 
100.0
%
 
2,577

 
100.0
%
 
(2
)
 
(0.1
)%
_________________________________
(1)
Includes the net revenues generated from shipments of our cars, including any personalization revenue generated on these cars and sales of spare parts.
(2)
Includes the net revenues generated from the sale of engines to Maserati for use in their cars and the revenues generated from the rental of engines to other Formula 1 racing teams.
(3)
Includes the net revenues earned by our Formula 1 racing team through sponsorship agreements and our share of the Formula 1 World Championship commercial revenues and net revenues generated through the Ferrari brand, including merchandising, licensing and royalty income.
(4)
Primarily includes interest income generated by financial services activities and net revenues from the management of the Mugello racetrack.
 
Net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were €2,575 million, a decrease of €2 million, or 0.1 percent (an increase of 3.7 percent on a constant currency basis), from €2,577 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The decrease in net revenues was attributable to (i) a €65 million decrease in engines net revenues, partially offset by the combination of (ii) a €43 million increase in cars and spare parts net revenues, (iii) a €10 million increase in sponsorship, commercial and brand net revenues, and (iv) a €10 million increase in other net revenues.


15




Cars and spare parts

Net revenues generated from cars and spare parts were €1,898 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of €43 million, or 2.3 percent, from €1,855 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, including the negative impact of foreign currency. The increase was attributable to a €78 million increase in net revenues from range and special series cars and spare parts, partially offset by a €35 million decrease in net revenues from hypercars and limited edition cars.

The €78 million increase in net revenues from range and special series cars and spare parts was principally attributable to an increase in shipments, as well as positive mix driven by V12 models and pricing increases, partially offset by negative foreign currency exchange impact. Shipments of V12 range and special series models increased by 22.7 percent, primarily attributable to shipments of the 812 Superfast, which commenced in the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by a decrease in shipments of the F12tdf which finished its limited series run in 2017, and the phase-out of the F12berlinetta in 2017. Shipments of V8 range and special series models increased by 4.1 percent, mainly due to the Ferrari Portofino and an increase in shipments of the 488 family and the GTC4Lusso T, partially offset by the phase-out of the California T.

The €78 million increase in net revenues from range and special series cars and spare parts was due to (i) a €35 million increase in EMEA, (ii) a €15 million increase in Americas, (iii) a €14 million increase in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan (on a combined basis), and (iv) a €14 million increase in Rest of APAC.

(i)
The €35 million increase in EMEA net revenues was primarily attributable to an increase in shipments and positive mix, as well as greater contribution from our personalization programs and pricing increases. The increase in shipments was driven by double digit growth in shipments in Rest of EMEA, France and Italy as well as single-digit growth in Switzerland, the UK and Germany, and primarily related to the Ferrari Portofino and the 812 Superfast, as well as the 488 family, partially offset by the phase-out of the California T and a reallocation of shipments triggered by tough market conditions in the Middle East; however the Middle East experienced double-digit growth in shipments in the second and third quarters.

(ii)
The €15 million increase in Americas net revenues was primarily attributable to positive volume and mix, driven by the 812 Superfast, the 488 and GTC4Lusso families, and the Ferrari Portofino, as well as our personalization programs, partially offset by negative foreign currency translation impact.

(iii)
The €14 million increase in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan (on a combined basis) net revenues was primarily attributable to an increase in shipments and positive mix, partially offset by negative foreign currency translation impact. The increase in shipments was driven by the 812 Superfast, the GTC4Lusso family and the Ferrari Portofino, partially offset by the phase-out of the California T.

(iv)
The €14 million increase in Rest of APAC net revenues was primarily attributable to an increase in net revenues in Australia and Japan, partially offset by a decrease in net revenues in other Rest of APAC driven by a decrease in shipments. The increase in shipments in Japan and Australia was primarily due to the 812 Superfast and the 488 family, partially offset by the phase-out of the California T. Net revenues in Japan and Australia were negatively effected by foreign currency translation impact.

The decrease in net revenues from hypercars and limited edition cars was attributable to a decrease in shipments of the LaFerrari Aperta, which is finishing its limited series run, partially offset by the first deliveries of the strictly limited edition Ferrari J50.

Engines

Net revenues generated from engines were €227 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of €65 million, or 22.3 percent, from €292 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease of €65 million was mainly attributable to a decrease in net revenues generated from the sale of engines to Maserati, driven by a decrease in the number of engines shipped in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the first nine months of 2017.
  

16




Sponsorship, commercial and brand

Net revenues generated from sponsorship, commercial agreements and brand management activities were €380 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of €10 million, or 2.6 percent, from €370 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to sponsorship and a higher 2017 championship ranking compared to 2016, partially offset by brand related activities and negative foreign currency exchange impact.

Other

Other net revenues were €70 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of €10 million, or 17.5 percent, from €60 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to financial services.

Cost of sales

 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2017
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Cost of sales
 
1,224

 
47.6
%
 
1,252

 
48.7
%
 
(28
)
 
(2.3
)%
    
Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was €1,224 million, a decrease of €28 million, or 2.3 percent, from €1,252 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a percentage of net revenues, cost of sales was 47.6 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 48.7 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
    
The decrease in cost of sales was primarily attributable to (i) a decrease of €79 million driven by lower costs for supporting activities, including lower engine volumes, as well as lower accruals for warranty provisions, partially offset by (ii) an increase in costs of €51 million driven by an increase in volumes and mix, amortization and depreciation.

Selling, general and administrative costs
 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2017
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Selling, general and administrative costs
 
240

 
9.3
%
 
255

 
9.9
%
 
(15
)
 
(5.7
)%
Selling, general and administrative costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were €240 million, a decrease of €15 million, or 5.7 percent, from €255 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a percentage of net revenues, selling, general and administrative costs were 9.3 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 9.9 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily attributable to the effect of costs incurred in 2017 related to initiatives for Ferrari’s 70th anniversary.


17



Research and development costs
 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2017
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Research and development costs expensed during the period
 
397

 
15.4
%
 
404

 
15.7
%
 
(7
)
 
(1.6
)%
Amortization of capitalized development costs
 
85

 
3.3
%
 
78

 
3.0
%
 
7

 
8.5
 %
Research and development costs
 
482

 
18.7
%
 
482

 
18.7
%
 

 
 %
    
Research and development costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were €482 million. As a percentage of net revenues, research and development costs were 18.7 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
    
Higher research and development costs to support product range and components innovation for hybrid technology, were substantially offset by lower research and development costs for Formula 1 activities.
 
Other expenses, net
 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Other expenses, net
 

 
9

 
(9
)
 
n.m.

Other expenses, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included other income of €13 million, mainly due to a pronouncement on a prior year's legal dispute, and to a lesser extent rental income and miscellaneous income, offset by other expenses of €13 million, mainly related to indirect taxes, accruals for provisions and other miscellaneous expenses.
    
Other expenses, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 included other expenses of €15 million, mainly related to provisions, indirect taxes and miscellaneous expenses, partially offset by other income of €6 million, mainly related to rental income, gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment and miscellaneous income.

EBIT
 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2017
 
Percentage of net revenues
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
 
(€ million, except percentages)
EBIT
 
631

 
24.5
%
 
581

 
22.6
%
 
50

 
8.6
%
EBIT for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was €631 million, an increase of €50 million, or 8.6 percent, from €581 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The increase in EBIT was primarily attributable to (i) positive volume impact of €59 million, (ii) a decrease in selling, general and administrative costs of €15 million, (iii) positive product mix and pricing impact of €11 million, and (iv) €54 million of positive contribution from other supporting activities, partially offset by (v) negative foreign currency exchange impact, including foreign currency hedging instruments, of €89 million.

The positive volume impact of €59 million was attributable to an increase in total shipments, driven by the Ferrari Portofino, the 812 Superfast and the 488 and GTC4Lusso families, partially offset by the phase-outs of the California T and the F12berlinetta, as well as the F12tdf which finished its limited series run in 2017. The positive product mix and pricing impact

18



of €11 million was primarily attributable to the performance of V12 models and pricing increases as well as deliveries of the strictly limited edition Ferrari J50, partially offset by lower sales of the LaFerrari Aperta which is finishing its limited series run.

Net financial expenses
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Net financial expenses
15

 
25

 
(10
)
 
(39.5
)%
    
Net financial expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were €15 million compared to €25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
    
The decrease in net financial expenses was primarily attributable to (i) a decrease in net foreign exchange losses, and (ii) a decrease in interest expenses, mainly driven by lower interest on bank borrowings due to the full repayment of the Term Loan in November 2017, partially offset by higher interest on bonds due to a new bond issued in November 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net financial expenses included financial income in relation to the Delta Topco option.

Income tax expense    
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018 vs. 2017
 
(€ million, except percentages)
Income tax expense
20

 
155

 
(135
)
 
n.m.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was €20 million, a decrease of €135 million, or 87.3 percent, from €155 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily attributable to the positive impact from the application of the Patent Box tax regime (as described below), including €141 million of the Patent Box benefit related to the years 2015 to 2017, of which €139 million was from direct and €2 million was from indirect use of copyrights, patents, trademarks, designs and know-how.

In September 2018, the Group signed an agreement with the Italian Revenue Agency in relation to the Patent Box tax regime, which provides a tax benefit for companies that generate income through the use, both direct and indirect, of copyrights, patents, trademarks, designs and know-how. See Note 12 “Income Tax (Benefit)/Expense” to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.

The effective tax rate (net of IRAP) was 0.3 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 24.4 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, mainly attributable to the positive impact of the Patent Box benefit relating to the years 2015 to 2017 as well as the positive impact of the Patent Box related to the 2018 fiscal year.


19



Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Overview

We require liquidity in order to meet our obligations and fund our business. Short-term liquidity is required to purchase raw materials, parts and components for car production, and to fund selling, administrative, research and development, and other expenses. In addition to our general working capital and operational needs, we expect to use cash for capital expenditures to support our existing and future products. We make capital investments mainly in Italy, for initiatives to introduce new products, enhance manufacturing efficiency, improve capacity, and for maintenance and environmental compliance. Our capital expenditure in 2018 is primarily expected to support continuous product range renewal and research and development expenditure to transition our product portfolio to hybrid technology. We plan to fund our capital expenditure primarily with cash generated from our operating activities.

Our business and results of operations depend on our ability to achieve certain minimum car shipment volumes. We have significant fixed costs and therefore, changes in our car shipment volumes can have a significant effect on profitability and liquidity. We centrally manage our operating cash management, liquidity and cash flow requirements with the objective of ensuring efficient and effective management of our funds. We believe that our cash generation together with our current liquidity will be sufficient to meet our obligations and fund our business and capital expenditures.

See the “Net Debt and Net Industrial Debt” section below for further details relating to the Group’s liquidity.    

Cyclical Nature of Our Cash Flows

Our working capital is subject to month to month fluctuations due to, among others, production volumes, funding of our financial services portfolio, timing of tax payments and capital expenditure. In particular, our inventory levels typically increase in the periods leading up to launches of new models, during the phase-out of existing models and at the end of the second quarter when our inventory levels are generally higher to support the summer plant shutdown.

The payment of taxes also affects our working capital. We typically pay our taxes in two advances. In 2017, we paid the remaining balance of 2016 taxes as well as the first advance in relation to 2017 taxes in the second quarter, and we paid the second advance in relation to 2017 taxes in the fourth quarter. In the second quarter of 2018, we paid the remaining balance of 2017 taxes as well as the first advance in relation to 2018 taxes. As a result of signing an agreement in September 2018 with the Italian Revenue Agency in relation to the Patent Box tax regime, we do not expect to pay the second advance in relation to 2018 taxes in the fourth quarter of 2018. See Note 12 “Income Tax (Benefit)/Expense” to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details related to the Patent Box.

Our capital expenditure requirements are, among others, influenced by the timing of the launch of new models and, in particular, our development costs peak in periods when we develop a significant number of new models to renew or refresh our product range. Going forward, our capital expenditure will also be influenced by research and development expenditure to support product range expansion. We have been significantly increasing capital expenditure in 2018 and we expect our capital expenditure will continue to increase in 2019 to further our investment in hybrid technology and fuel future growth. Capital expenditure is also influenced by the timing of research and development costs for our Formula 1 activities, for which expenditure is generally higher in the first and last quarters of the year.

We generally receive payment for cars between 30 and 40 days after the car is shipped (except when we provide dealer financing or sell invoices to a factor) while we generally pay most suppliers between 60 and 90 days after we receive the raw materials or components. Additionally, we also receive advance payments from our customers, mainly for our hypercars and limited edition cars. We maintain sufficient inventory of raw materials and components to ensure continuity of our production lines but delivery of most raw materials and components takes place monthly or more frequently in order to minimize inventories. The manufacture of one of our cars typically takes between 30 and 45 days, depending on the level of automation of the relevant production line, and the car is generally shipped to our dealers three to six days following the completion of production, although to ensure prompt deliveries in certain regions we may warehouse cars in local markets for longer periods of time. As a result, we tend to receive payment for cars shipped before we are required to make payment for the raw material and components used in manufacturing the cars.


20



Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the cash flows from/(used in) operating, investing and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. For additional details of our cash flows, see our Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Interim Report.
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(€ million)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period
648

 
458

Cash flows from operating activities
619

 
507

Cash flows used in investing activities
(403
)
 
(239
)
Cash flows used in financing activities
(110
)
 
(99
)
Translation exchange differences
(1
)
 
(8
)
Total change in cash and cash equivalents
105

 
161

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period
753

 
619



Operating Activities - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018    

Our cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were €619 million, primarily the result of:

(i)
profit before taxes of €616 million adjusted for €210 million for depreciation and amortization expense, €26 million related to other net non-cash expenses, result from investments and net gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment, €15 million related to net finance costs and €6 million in provisions recognized.

These cash inflows were partially offset by:

(ii)
€71 million related to cash absorbed from receivables from financing activities, primarily attributable to an increase in the financial receivables portfolio;

(iii)
€59 million relating to cash absorbed by the change in other operating assets and liabilities, primarily attributable to the release of advances on the LaFerrari Aperta and the payment of employee bonuses;

(iv)
€25 million related to cash absorbed from the net change in inventories, trade receivables and trade payables, driven by (i) cash absorbed by trade payables of €63 million mainly due to seasonality and the scheduled summer shutdown, partially offset by (ii) cash generated from trade receivables of €33 million and (iii) cash generated from inventories of €5 million;

(v)
€10 million of net finance costs paid; and

(vi)
€89 million of income taxes paid.


Operating Activities - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Our cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were €507 million, primarily the result of:

(i)
profit before taxes of €556 million adjusted for €197 million for depreciation and amortization expense, €30 million related to other net non-cash expenses, result from investments and net gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment, €25 million related to net finance costs and €21 million in provision accruals, partially offset by

(ii)
€96 million related to cash absorbed from net working capital, driven by cash absorbed from inventories of €55 million in line with projected volume growth, and cash absorbed from trade payables of €41 million due to seasonality and the scheduled summer shutdown;

21




(iii)
€47 million related to cash absorbed from receivables from financing activities;

(iv)
€40 million relating to cash absorbed by the change in other operating assets and liabilities, primarily attributable to the release of advances on the LaFerrari Aperta and prepaid expenses, partially offset by the increase in genuine maintenance;

(v)
€28 million of net finance costs paid; and

(vi)
€111 million of income taxes paid.

Investing Activities - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Our cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were €403 million and were comprised of (i) €180 million of additions to property, plant and equipment, primarily related to plant and machinery for new models and (ii) €223 million of additions to intangible assets, mainly related to externally acquired and internally generated development costs. For a detailed analysis of additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets see “Capital Expenditures.”


Investing Activities - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Our cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were €239 million and were comprised of (i) €122 million of additions to property, plant and equipment, primarily related to the plant and machinery for new models and assets under construction; and (ii) €128 million of additions to intangible assets, mainly related to externally acquired and internally generated development costs, partially offset by (iii) €8 million of proceeds from exercising the Delta Topco option and (iv) €3 million of proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment. For a detailed analysis of additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets see “Capital Expenditures.”


Financing Activities - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash used in financing activities was €110 million, primarily the result of:

(i)
€133 million dividends paid to owners of the parent;

(ii)
€30 million paid to repurchase common shares under the Company’s share buyback program;

(iii)
€12 million related to the net change in other debt;

(iv)
€2 million related to the net change in other bank borrowings; and

(v)
€2 million of dividends paid to non-controlling interests;

partially offset by:

(vi)
€69 million of proceeds net of repayments related to our revolving securitization programs in the U.S..


Financing Activities - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash used in financing activities was €99 million, primarily the result of:

(i)
€120 million cash distribution of reserves;

(ii)
€100 million repayment of the Term Loan;


22



(iii)
€11 million related to the net change in other debt; and

(iv)
€1 million of dividends paid to non-controlling interests;

partially offset by

(v)
€126 million of proceeds net of repayments related to our revolving securitization programs in the U.S., and

(vi)
€7 million related to the net change in other bank borrowings.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures are defined as cash outflows that result in additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were €403 million and €250 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The following table sets forth a breakdown of capital expenditures by category for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

For the nine months ended September 30,

2018
 
2017

(€ million)
Intangible assets

 

Externally acquired and internally generated development costs
216

 
119

Patents, concessions and licenses
6

 
7

Other intangible assets
1

 
2

Total intangible assets
223

 
128

Property, plant and equipment

 

Industrial buildings
12

 
3

Plant, machinery and equipment
50

 
52

Other assets
5

 
6

Advances and assets under construction
113

 
61

Total property, plant and equipment
180

 
122

Total capital expenditures
403

 
250


Intangible assets    

Our capital expenditures in intangible assets were €223 million and €128 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, the most significant component of which related to externally acquired and internally generated development costs. In particular, we make such investments to support the development of our current and future product offering. The capitalized development costs primarily include materials costs and personnel expenses relating to engineering, design and development focused on content enhancement of existing cars and new models. We constantly invest in product development to ensure we can quickly and efficiently respond to market demand and/or technological breakthroughs and in order to maintain our position at the top of the luxury performance sports cars market.
    
The increase in externally acquired and internally generated development costs reflects the gradual introduction of hybrid technology in both our sports and GT cars. We believe hybrid technology will be key to providing continuing performance upgrades to our sports car customers, and will also help us capture the preferences of the urban, affluent purchasers of GT cars whom we are increasingly targeting.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 we invested €216 million in externally acquired and internally generated development costs, of which €163 million related to the development of models to be launched in future years, €45 million related to components and €8 million related to the development of models in our current product portfolio.


23



For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 we invested €119 million in externally acquired and internally generated development costs, of which €77 million related to the development of models to be launched in future years and €42 million primarily related to the development of range and special series cars and components.


Property, plant and equipment

Our capital expenditures in property, plant and equipment were €180 million and €122 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our most significant investments generally relate to plant, machinery and equipment for our car production and engine assembly lines, as well as advances and assets under construction related to investments in industrial tools used for the production of cars.

Investments in plant, machinery and equipment amounted to €50 million and €52 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 investments in plant, machinery and equipment of €50 million were composed of €25 million principally related to industrial tools needed for the production of cars, €17 million related to investments in car production lines, €6 million related to our personalization programs, and €2 million related to engine assembly lines. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 investments in plant, machinery and equipment of €52 million were composed of €40 million related to investments in industrial tooling needed for the production of cars, €9 million related to our personalization programs, and €3 million related to engine assembly lines.
    
Advances and assets under construction, which amounted to €113 million and €61 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 respectively, primarily related to investments in industrial tools needed for the production of new models. The increase in capital expenditures in advances and assets under construction reflects our focus on the hybridization and broadening of our product range and supporting future launches.

Net Debt and Net Industrial Debt

Net Industrial Debt is the primary measure used by us to analyze our financial leverage and capital structure, and is one of the key indicators, together with Net Debt, we use to measure our financial position. These measures are presented by management to aid investors in their analysis of the Group’s financial position and financial performance and to compare the Group’s financial position and financial performance with that of other companies. Net Industrial Debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents (Net Debt), further adjusted to exclude the funded portion of the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio, which is the portion of our receivables from financing activities that we fund with external debt or intercompany loans.
    
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Net Debt and Net Industrial Debt at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.


At September 30,
 
At December 31,

2018

2017

(€ million)
Cash and cash equivalents
753


648

Total liquidity
753


648

Bonds
(1,195
)

(1,194
)
Securitizations
(649
)

(556
)
Borrowings from banks
(37
)
 
(38
)
Other debt
(6
)

(18
)
Total debt
(1,887
)

(1,806
)
Net Debt
(1,134
)

(1,158
)
Funded portion of the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio
762


685

Net Industrial Debt
(372
)

(473
)

For further details on total debt, see Note 23 “Debt” to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this document.


24



Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents amounted to €753 million at September 30, 2018 compared to €648 million at December 31, 2017. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily driven by Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities and proceeds from our securitization programs, partially offset by dividends paid to owners of the parent and non-controlling interests and consideration paid to repurchase common shares under the share buyback program. See “Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities” and “Cash Flows” for further details.

Approximately 70 percent of our cash and cash equivalents were denominated in Euro at September 30, 2018 (approximately 67 percent at December 31, 2017). Our cash and cash equivalents denominated in currencies other than the Euro are available mostly to Ferrari S.p.A. and certain subsidiaries which operate in areas other than Europe. Cash held in such countries may be subject to transfer restrictions depending on the jurisdictions in which these subsidiaries operate. In particular, cash held in China (including in foreign currencies), which amounted to €90 million at September 30, 2018 (€66 million at December 31, 2017), is subject to certain repatriation restrictions and may only be repatriated as dividends. Based on our review, we do not currently believe that such transfer restrictions have an adverse impact on our ability to meet our liquidity requirements.
    
The following table sets forth an analysis of the currencies in which our cash and cash equivalents were denominated at the dates presented.

At September 30,
 
At December 31,

2018
 
2017

(€ million)
Euro
529

 
435

U.S. Dollar
87

 
88

Chinese Yuan
85

 
62

Japanese Yen
27

 
26

Other currencies
25

 
37

Total
753

 
648


Cash collected from the settlement of receivables or lines of credit pledged as collateral is subject to certain restrictions regarding its use and is primarily applied to repay principal and interest of the related funding. Such cash amounted to €36 million at September 30, 2018 (€28 million at December 31, 2017).

Total available liquidity
    
Total available liquidity (defined as cash and cash equivalents plus undrawn committed credit lines) at September 30, 2018 was €1,253 million (€1,148 million at December 31, 2017).

The following table summarizes our total available liquidity:

At September 30,

At December 31,

2018

2017

(€ million)
Cash and cash equivalents
753


648

Undrawn committed credit lines
500


500

Total available liquidity
1,253


1,148


The undrawn committed credit lines relates to a revolving credit facility. See “The Facility” in Note 23 “Debt” in the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this document.


25



Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities
    
Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities are two of our primary key performance indicators to measure the Group’s performance. These measures are presented by management to aid investors in their analysis of the Group’s financial performance and to compare the Group’s financial performance with that of other companies. Free Cash Flow is defined as cash flows from operating activities less cash flows used in investing activities. Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities is defined as Free Cash Flow adjusted for the change in the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio, which is the change in our receivables from financing activities. The following table sets forth our Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.


For the nine months ended September 30,

2018
 
2017

(€ million)
Cash flows from operating activities
619


507

Cash flows used in investing activities (*)
(403
)

(239
)
Free Cash Flow
216


268

Change in the self-liquidating financial receivables portfolio
71


47

Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities
287


315

_____________________________
(*)
Cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are net of €8 million of proceeds from exercising the Delta Topco option. The Group exercised the Delta Topco option as a result of the sale in January 2017 of Delta Topco (a company belonging to the Formula 1 Group) to Liberty Media Corporation, following which the Group subsequently received a combination of cash, Liberty Media Corporation shares and Liberty Media Corporation exchangeable notes.

Free Cash Flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was €216 million, a decrease of €52 million compared to €268 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. For an explanation of the drivers in Free Cash Flow see “Cash Flows” above.

Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was €287 million, a decrease of €27 million compared to €315 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in Free Cash Flow from Industrial Activities was primarily attributable to an increase in capital expenditures, partially offset by an increase in Adjusted EBITDA, a positive change in working capital and a decrease in income taxes paid primarily due to an increase in the cap for eligible research and development costs.


26



Recent Developments

On September 18, 2018, we outlined the plans and initiatives to achieve our key financial targets and our financial policy to 2022, including the following:

Continued focus on the strategic pillars of our product offering: sports range, GT range, special series, and the new pillar of our offering, the Icona, which will always be strictly limited;
Significant investments in capital expenditure to expand and broaden our product portfolio, which will include the introduction of several new model launches between 2019 and 2022 and the integration of hybrid powertrains into a significant percentage of models by 2022;
Drive profitability through pricing and mix, as well as volumes, allowing us to achieve increasing margins;
Significant industrial free cash flow generation and continual shareholder remuneration through a combination of both dividends and share buybacks.

Outlook

2018 Updated Guidance

Shipments > 9,000 including hypercars

Net revenues > €3.4 billion

Adjusted EBITDA ≥ €1.1 billion

Net Industrial Debt < €350 million, including dividends already distributed to the holders of common shares and excluding any share repurchase

Capital Expenditures ~ €650 million








27



FERRARI N.V.
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AT AND FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018



CONTENTS
 
Page
Interim Consolidated Income Statement
       Interim Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Interim Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Interim Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements











































FERRARI N.V.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)

 
 
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Note
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(€ thousand)
Net revenues
6
 
838,180

 
835,915

 
2,574,836

 
2,576,957

Cost of sales
7
 
400,994

 
395,710

 
1,223,202

 
1,251,626

Selling, general and administrative costs
8
 
86,874

 
90,585

 
240,265

 
254,795

Research and development costs
9
 
143,634

 
147,339

 
482,435

 
482,286

Other expenses/(income), net
10
 
4,160

 
588

 
(421
)
 
8,864

Result from investments

 
604

 
596

 
1,950

 
1,809

EBIT
 
 
203,122

 
202,289

 
631,305

 
581,195

Net financial expenses
11
 
6,286

 
8,097

 
15,075

 
24,910

Profit before taxes
 
 
196,836

 
194,192

 
616,230

 
556,285

Income tax (benefit)/expense
12
 
(91,001
)
 
53,650

 
19,719

 
155,760

Net profit
 
 
287,837

 
140,542

 
596,511

 
400,525

Net profit attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owners of the parent
 
 
286,922

 
140,146

 
594,827

 
399,750

Non-controlling interests
 
 
915

 
396

 
1,684

 
775

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share (in €)
13
 
1.52

 
0.74

 
3.15

 
2.11

Diluted earnings per common share (in €)
13
 
1.51

 
0.74

 
3.14

 
2.11













The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-1



FERRARI N.V.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)

 
 
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
Note
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(€ thousand)
Net profit
 
 
287,837

 
140,542

 
596,511

 
400,525

Items that may be reclassified to the consolidated income statement in subsequent periods:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(Losses) on cash flow hedging instruments
20
 
1,698

 
(4,290
)
 
(11,146
)
 
43,381

Exchange differences on translating foreign operations
20
 
281

 
(4,923
)
 
4,213

 
(15,572
)
Related tax impact
20
 
(473
)
 
1,197

 
3,110

 
(12,103
)
Total items that may be reclassified to the consolidated income statement in subsequent periods
 
 
1,506

 
(8,016
)
 
(3,823
)
 
15,706

Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
20
 
1,506

 
(8,016
)
 
(3,823
)
 
15,706

Total comprehensive income
 
 
289,343

 
132,526

 
592,688

 
416,231

Total comprehensive income attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owners of the parent
 
 
288,566

 
132,198

 
591,112

 
415,795

Non-controlling interests
 
 
777

 
328

 
1,576

 
436















The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-2



FERRARI N.V.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
at September 30, 2018 and at December 31, 2017
(Unaudited)

 
Note
 
At September 30,
2018
 
At December 31,
2017
 
 
 
(€ thousand)
Assets

 

 

Goodwill

 
785,182

 
785,182

Intangible assets
14
 
567,938

 
440,456

Property, plant and equipment
15
 
776,784

 
710,260

Investments and other financial assets
16
 
32,451

 
30,038

Deferred tax assets

 
59,520

 
94,091

Total non-current assets
 
 
2,221,875

 
2,060,027

Inventories
17
 
384,438

 
393,765

Trade receivables
18
 
207,225

 
239,410

Receivables from financing activities
18
 
829,937

 
732,947

Current tax receivables
18
 
130,864

 
6,125

Other current assets
18
 
73,920

 
45,441

Current financial assets
19
 
13,137

 
15,683

Cash and cash equivalents

 
753,362

 
647,706

Total current assets
 
 
2,392,883

 
2,081,077

Total assets

 
4,614,758

 
4,141,104

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Equity attributable to owners of the parent

 
1,226,048

 
778,678

Non-controlling interests

 
4,794

 
5,258

Total equity
20
 
1,230,842

 
783,936

 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee benefits

 
83,409

 
84,159

Provisions
22
 
182,239

 
197,392

Deferred tax liabilities

 
9,820

 
10,977

Debt
23
 
1,887,553

 
1,806,181

Other liabilities
24
 
621,148

 
620,350

Other financial liabilities
19
 
8,358

 
1,444

Trade payables
25
 
546,858

 
607,505

Current tax payables

 
44,531

 
29,160

Total equity and liabilities
 
 
4,614,758

 
4,141,104








The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-3



FERRARI N.V.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(€ thousand)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period
647,706

 
457,784

Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Profit before taxes
616,230

 
556,285

Amortization and depreciation
210,142

 
196,900

Provision accruals
6,662

 
21,901

Result from investments
(1,950
)
 
(1,809
)
Net finance costs
15,075

 
24,910

Other non-cash expenses, net
28,261

 
34,469

Net gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
(138
)
 
(2,379
)
Change in inventories
5,200

 
(54,917
)
Change in trade receivables
32,670

 
(417
)
Change in trade payables
(62,769
)
 
(40,895
)
Change in receivables from financing activities
(71,748
)
 
(47,116
)
Change in other operating assets and liabilities
(59,161
)
 
(40,364
)
Finance income received
1,725

 
3,652

Finance costs paid
(11,916
)
 
(31,937
)
Income tax paid
(89,109
)
 
(110,548
)
Total
619,174

 
507,735

Cash flows used in investing activities:
 
 
 
Investments in property, plant and equipment
(180,196
)
 
(122,040
)
Investments in intangible assets
(223,280
)
 
(127,850
)
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
654

 
2,425

Proceeds from exercising the Delta Topco option

 
8,307

Total
(402,822
)
 
(239,158
)
Cash flows used in financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from securitizations net of repayments
69,321

 
126,066

Net change in bank borrowings
(2,009
)
 
6,617

Repayment of Term Loan

 
(99,670
)
Net change in other debt
(12,171
)
 
(10,873
)
Dividends paid to owners of the parent
(133,095
)


Dividends paid to non-controlling interest
(2,040
)
 
(1,218
)
Cash distribution of reserves


(119,985
)
Share buyback
(30,131
)
 

Total
(110,125
)
 
(99,063
)
Translation exchange differences
(571
)
 
(8,424
)
Total change in cash and cash equivalents
105,656

 
161,090

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period
753,362

 
618,874












The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-4



FERRARI N.V.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share capital
 
Retained earnings and other reserves
 
Cash flow hedge reserve
 
Currency translation differences
 
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans
 
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
 
Non-controlling interests
 
Total
 
(€ thousand)
At December 31, 2016
2,504

 
302,336

 
(18,780
)
 
46,823

 
(7,888
)
 
324,995

 
4,810

 
329,805

Net profit

 
399,750