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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value and categorized in accordance with the fair value hierarchy:
December 31,September 30,
Level 20232024
Assets
Loans3$1,156,413 $656,120 
Beneficial interest assets
341,012 131,483 
Line of credit receivable3— 31,514 
Loan servicing assets328,092 26,705 
Notes receivable and residual certificates314,847 10,318 
Interest rate caps(1)
25,958 2,139 
Total assets$1,246,322 $858,279 
Liabilities
Payable to securitization note holders3$141,416 $100,335 
Beneficial interest liabilities34,221 13,162 
Trailing fee liabilities34,251 4,345 
Loan servicing liabilities32,038 1,164 
Total liabilities$151,926 $119,006 
__________
(1) The fair value of interest rate caps is determined based on the present value of the estimated future cash flows over the contract term using observable market-based inputs as of the valuation date, including implied interest rates.
Schedule of Fair Value by Classes of Loans Held by the Company The following table presents the fair value of classes of loans included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024:
December 31,September 30,
20232024
Loans held-for-sale$830,574 $311,299 
Loans held-for-investment146,768 226,301 
Loans held in consolidated securitization179,071 118,520 
Total
$1,156,413 $656,120 
Schedule of Significant Unobservable Inputs
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loans held-for-investment and held-for-sale:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Discount rate9.63 %23.22 %12.06 %9.32 %23.22 %11.74 %
Credit risk rate
0.01 %93.10 %17.66 %0.01 %93.12 %16.89 %
Prepayment rate
0.13 %95.80 %36.52 %0.32 %89.07 %35.43 %
_________
(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by relative fair value.

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs implied for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loans held in consolidated securitization, which is determined by the sum of the fair value of the related securitization notes and residual certificates:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Discount rate6.85 %16.00 %9.99 %6.39 %15.25 %9.29 %
Credit risk rate
0.61 %37.70 %15.51 %0.67 %37.70 %15.55 %
Prepayment rate
6.66 %89.84 %42.73 %6.73 %89.84 %41.86 %
_________
(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by relative fair value.
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements related to the line of credit receivable:

December 31, 2023September 30, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average
Discount rate***7.00 %7.00 %7.00 %
_________
* Not applicable
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements related to note receivable, residual certificates, and payable to securitization note holders:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Notes receivable and residual certificates
Discount rate9.99 %23.22 %12.74 %10.52 %23.22 %13.13 %
Credit risk rate
0.48 %50.69 %16.32 %0.49 %50.28 %16.37 %
Prepayment rate
6.36 %89.46 %43.14 %6.37 %87.53 %42.66 %
Payable to securitization note holders
Discount rate6.85 %12.30 %8.48 %6.39 %10.62 %8.21 %
Credit risk rate
0.61 %37.70 %15.51 %0.67 %37.70 %15.55 %
Prepayment rate
6.66 %89.84 %42.73 %6.73 %89.84 %41.86 %
_________
(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by relative fair value.
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s fair value measurements of beneficial interests as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average(1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average(1)
Beneficial interest assets
Discount rate7.00 %14.00 %13.63 %7.00 %14.00 %13.69 %
Credit risk rate spread(2)
(0.85)%(0.85)%(0.85)%(3.00)%7.90 %1.64 %
Beneficial interest liabilities
Discount rate14.00 %14.00 %14.00 %14.00 %14.00 %14.00 %
Credit risk rate spread(2)
0.09 %9.81 %8.79 %12.90 %16.43 %13.40 %
_________
(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by relative fair value.
(2) Expressed as a percentage of cumulative loss expectations as of the valuation date compared to the loss expectations as of the origination date or date of loan sale. A positive credit risk rate spread indicates an additional risk estimated as of the measurement date compared to the initial expectations. A negative credit risk spread indicates a lower risk than originally estimated.
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for trailing fee liabilities:

December 31, 2023September 30, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Discount rate9.63 %23.22 %12.88 %9.32 %23.22 %13.20 %
Credit risk rate
0.01 %88.42 %17.61 %0.02 %69.01 %18.30 %
Prepayment rate
1.05 %94.68 %39.94 %1.99 %95.80 %37.01 %
_________
(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by relative fair value.
Schedule of Sensitivity Analysis of Fair Value
The following table presents the sensitivity of the fair value of loans held-for-sale and held-for-investment to adverse changes in key assumptions used in the valuation model as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024:
December 31,September 30,
20232024
Fair value of loans held-for-sale and held-for-investment$977,342 $537,600 
Discount rates
100 basis point increase(11,680)(6,195)
200 basis point increase(23,127)(12,252)
Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans
10% adverse change(12,453)(5,402)
20% adverse change(24,979)(10,828)
Expected prepayment rates
10% adverse change(1,884)(1,477)
20% adverse change(3,756)(2,948)

The following table presents the sensitivity of the fair value of loans in consolidated securitization to adverse changes in key assumptions used in the valuation model as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024:
December 31,September 30,
20232024
Fair value of loans held in consolidated securitization
$179,071 $118,520 
Discount rates
100 basis point increase(2,413)(1,385)
200 basis point increase(4,785)(2,745)
Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans
10% adverse change(2,669)(2,318)
20% adverse change(5,227)(4,761)
Expected prepayment rates
10% adverse change(1,625)(990)
20% adverse change(3,234)(1,939)
The following table presents the sensitivity of beneficial interest assets and liabilities to adverse changes in key assumptions used in the valuation model as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024. Adverse changes in discount rates do not result in a material impact to the fair value of beneficial interest liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024.
Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity
December 31,September 30,
20232024
Fair value of beneficial interest assets$41,012 $131,483 
Discount rate
100 basis point increase(1,240)(2,621)
200 basis point increase(2,431)(5,152)
Expected credit rate spreads on underlying loans
10% adverse change(9,059)(28,780)
20% adverse change(16,743)(57,821)
Fair value of beneficial interest liabilities$4,221 $13,162 
Expected credit rate spreads on underlying loans
10% adverse change5,606 5,721 
20% adverse change11,217 11,988 
Schedule of Rollforward of Level 3 Assets
The following tables include a rollforward of the loans classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
Loans Held-for-
Sale
Loans Held-for-InvestmentLoans Held in Consolidated SecuritizationTotal
Fair value at June 30, 2023$689,851 $147,714 $— $837,565 
Transfer of loans to consolidated securitization(1)
(209,968)— 209,968 — 
Purchases of loans(2)(3)
483,921 32,714 — 516,635 
Sale of loans(2)
(269,627)— — (269,627)
Purchase of loans for immediate resale(2)
342,467 — — 342,467 
Immediate resale of loans(2)
(342,467)— — (342,467)
Repayments received(2)
(40,894)(24,757)(12,302)(77,953)
Charge-offs and changes in fair value recorded in earnings(20,203)(13,235)(1,139)(34,577)
Other changes(764)1,057 — 293 
Fair value at September 30, 2023$632,316 $143,493 $196,527 $972,336 
_________
(1)     Represents the fair value.
(2)     Represents the principal balance.
(3)    Purchase activity includes an immaterial unpaid principal balance related to securitization clean-up calls during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Loans Held-for-
Sale
Loans Held-for-InvestmentLoans Held in Consolidated SecuritizationTotal
Fair value at December 31, 2022$882,810 $127,611 $— $1,010,421 
Transfer of loans to consolidated securitization(1)
(209,968)— 209,968 — 
Purchases of loans(2)(3)
1,053,309 121,293 — 1,174,602 
Sale of loans(2)
(888,019)— — (888,019)
Purchase of loans for immediate resale(2)
1,023,426 — — 1,023,426 
Immediate resale of loans(2)
(1,023,426)— — (1,023,426)
Repayments received(2)
(149,697)(68,212)(12,302)(230,211)
Charge-offs and changes in fair value recorded in earnings(54,767)(40,003)(1,139)(95,909)
Other changes(1,352)2,804 — 1,452 
Fair value at September 30, 2023$632,316 $143,493 $196,527 $972,336 
_________
(1)    Represents the fair value.
(2)    Represents the principal balance.
(3)    Purchase activity includes an immaterial unpaid principal balance related to securitization clean-up calls during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Loans Held-for-
Sale
Loans Held-for-InvestmentLoans Held in Consolidated SecuritizationTotal
Fair value at June 30, 2024
$497,922 $187,586 $135,120 $820,628 
Purchases and originations of loans(1)
475,176 85,639 — 560,815 
Sale of loans(1)
(590,403)— — (590,403)
Purchase of loans for immediate resale(1)
581,057 — — 581,057 
Immediate resale of loans(1)
(581,057)— — (581,057)
Repayments received(1)
(43,633)(37,603)(11,818)(93,054)
Charge-offs and changes in fair value recorded in earnings(25,270)(14,207)(4,782)(44,259)
Other changes(2,493)4,886 — 2,393 
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$311,299 $226,301 $118,520 $656,120 
_________
(1)     Represents the principal balance.

Loans Held-for-
Sale
Loans Held-for-InvestmentLoans Held in Consolidated SecuritizationTotal
Fair value at December 31, 2023
$830,574 $146,768 $179,071 $1,156,413 
Reclassification of loans(2)
(3,189)3,189 — — 
Purchases and originations of loans(1)(2)
1,558,844 196,580 — 1,755,424 
Sale of loans(2)
(1,826,066)— — (1,826,066)
Purchase of loans for immediate resale(2)
1,067,402 — — 1,067,402 
Immediate resale of loans(2)
(1,067,402)— — (1,067,402)
Repayments received(2)
(163,606)(93,172)(36,532)(293,310)
Charge-offs and changes in fair value recorded in earnings(77,943)(37,810)(24,019)(139,772)
Other changes(7,315)10,746 — 3,431 
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$311,299 $226,301 $118,520 $656,120 
_________
(1)Purchase activity includes an immaterial unpaid principal balance related to securitization clean-up calls during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
(2)Represents the principal balance.
The following tables present a rollforward of the line of credit receivable classified by the Company within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
Line of Credit Receivable
Fair value at June 30, 2024
$8,305 
Issuances22,646 
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings403 
Changes in accrued interest160 
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$31,514 
Line of Credit Receivable
Fair value at December 31, 2023$— 
Issuances30,907 
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings447 
Changes in accrued interest160 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$31,514 
The following tables include a rollforward of the notes receivable and residual certificates and payables to securitization note holders related to securitization transactions classified by the Company within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at June 30, 2023$3,907 $— 
Additions— 165,318 
Repayments and settlements(560)(10,016)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(561)(1,520)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$2,786 $153,782 
Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at December 31, 2022$6,181 $— 
Additions— 165,318 
Repayments and settlements(3,556)(10,016)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings161 (1,520)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$2,786 $153,782 

Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at June 30, 2024
$11,642 $113,652 
Repayments and settlements(1,323)(14,259)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(1)942 
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$10,318 $100,335 

Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at December 31, 2023$14,847 $141,416 
Repayments and settlements(4,004)(42,705)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(525)1,624 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$10,318 $100,335 
The following table presents a rollforward of beneficial interest assets and liabilities.

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2023$28,664 $85 
Acquisition of beneficial interests
14,719 — 
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(6,409)763 
Fair value at September 30, 2023$36,974 $848 

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2022$— $— 
Acquisition of beneficial interests
45,254 — 
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(8,280)848 
Fair value at September 30, 2023$36,974 $848 

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2024$97,804 $11,198 
Acquisition of beneficial interests
32,416 — 
Settlement of beneficial interests(1,079)(1,325)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings2,342 3,289 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$131,483 $13,162 

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2023$41,012 $4,221 
Acquisition of beneficial interests(1)
103,817 — 
Settlement of beneficial interests(2,808)(3,692)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(10,538)12,633 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$131,483 $13,162 
_________
(1) Effective June 30, 2024, the Company combined the presentation of payments on beneficial interest assets with acquisition of beneficial interests.
Schedule of Aggregate Fair Value and Principal Outstanding of All Loans And Loans 90 Days or More Past Due
The following table presents the aggregate fair value and aggregate principal outstanding of all loans and loans that were 90 days or more past due included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

LoansLoans > 90 Days Past Due
December 31,September 30,December 31,September 30,
2023202420232024
Outstanding principal balance$1,182,577 $705,779 $15,310 $13,783 
Net fair value and accrued interest adjustments(26,164)(49,659)(12,260)(11,539)
Fair value(1)
$1,156,413 $656,120 $3,050 $2,244 
_________
(1)     Includes $343.1 million and $282.8 million of auto loans at fair value as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024, respectively, of which $2.8 million and $2.0 million is 90 days or more past due as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024, respectively. Also
includes an immaterial amount of HELOCs at fair value as of December 31, 2023 and $30.2 million as of September 30, 2024, of which immaterial loans are 90 days or more past due as of either period.
Schedule of Rollforward of Level 3 Liabilities
The following tables include a rollforward of the notes receivable and residual certificates and payables to securitization note holders related to securitization transactions classified by the Company within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at June 30, 2023$3,907 $— 
Additions— 165,318 
Repayments and settlements(560)(10,016)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(561)(1,520)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$2,786 $153,782 
Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at December 31, 2022$6,181 $— 
Additions— 165,318 
Repayments and settlements(3,556)(10,016)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings161 (1,520)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$2,786 $153,782 

Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at June 30, 2024
$11,642 $113,652 
Repayments and settlements(1,323)(14,259)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(1)942 
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$10,318 $100,335 

Notes Receivable and Residual Certificates
Payable to Securitization Note Holders
Fair value at December 31, 2023$14,847 $141,416 
Repayments and settlements(4,004)(42,705)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(525)1,624 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$10,318 $100,335 
The following table presents a rollforward of beneficial interest assets and liabilities.

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2023$28,664 $85 
Acquisition of beneficial interests
14,719 — 
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(6,409)763 
Fair value at September 30, 2023$36,974 $848 

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2022$— $— 
Acquisition of beneficial interests
45,254 — 
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(8,280)848 
Fair value at September 30, 2023$36,974 $848 

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2024$97,804 $11,198 
Acquisition of beneficial interests
32,416 — 
Settlement of beneficial interests(1,079)(1,325)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings2,342 3,289 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$131,483 $13,162 

Beneficial Interest Assets
Beneficial Interest Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2023$41,012 $4,221 
Acquisition of beneficial interests(1)
103,817 — 
Settlement of beneficial interests(2,808)(3,692)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(10,538)12,633 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$131,483 $13,162 
_________
(1) Effective June 30, 2024, the Company combined the presentation of payments on beneficial interest assets with acquisition of beneficial interests.
Schedule of Level 3 Fair Value Assumptions for Loan Servicing Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loan servicing assets and liabilities:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Discount rate13.00 %20.00 %16.89 %13.00 %20.00 %17.06 %
Credit risk rate
0.05 %88.42 %14.93 %0.08 %65.36 %15.66 %
Market-servicing rate (2)(3)
0.62 %3.72 %0.62 %0.62 %3.70 %0.62 %
Prepayment rate
1.05 %96.90 %41.05 %2.17 %96.90 %37.79 %
_________
(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by relative fair value.
(2)Excludes ancillary fees that would be passed on to a third-party servicer.
(3)Expressed as a percentage of the outstanding principal balance for auto loans of 3.72% and 3.70% as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024, respectively and 0.62% for personal loans as of both December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024.
Schedule of Fair Value Sensitivity of Loan Servicing Assets and Liabilities to Adverse Changes in Key Assumptions
The table below presents the fair value sensitivity of loan servicing assets and liabilities to adverse changes in key assumptions. The fair value of loan servicing assets and liabilities is not sensitive to adverse changes in discount rates as such changes do not result in a material impact on the fair value as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024, respectively. Adverse changes in prepayment rates do not result in a material impact to the fair value of loan servicing liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024.
December 31,September 30,
20232024
Fair value of loan servicing assets$28,092 $26,705 
Expected market-servicing rates
10% market-servicing rates increase(7,475)(8,621)
20% market-servicing rates increase(14,916)(15,784)
Expected prepayment rates
10% prepayment rates increase
(632)(2,096)
20% prepayment rates increase
(1,257)(2,750)
December 31,September 30,
20232024
Fair value of loan servicing liabilities$2,038 $1,164 
Expected market-servicing rates
10% market-servicing rates increase1,100 881 
20% market-servicing rates increase2,235 1,451 
Schedule of Servicing Liabilities at Fair Value Rollforward
The following tables present a rollforward of the loan servicing assets and liabilities classified by the Company within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2023
$33,339 $2,577 
Sale of loans3,475 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(6,723)(187)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$30,091 $2,393 
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2022$36,467 $3,968 
Sale of loans10,512 80 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(16,888)(1,655)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$30,091 $2,393 
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2024
$25,790 $1,223 
Sale of loans5,552 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(4,637)(60)
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$26,705 $1,164 
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2023$28,092 $2,038 
Sale of loans11,451 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(12,838)(877)
Fair value at September 30, 2024$26,705 $1,164 
Schedule of Servicing Assets at Fair Value Rollforward
The following tables present a rollforward of the loan servicing assets and liabilities classified by the Company within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2023
$33,339 $2,577 
Sale of loans3,475 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(6,723)(187)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$30,091 $2,393 
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2022$36,467 $3,968 
Sale of loans10,512 80 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(16,888)(1,655)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$30,091 $2,393 
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2024
$25,790 $1,223 
Sale of loans5,552 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(4,637)(60)
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$26,705 $1,164 
Loan Servicing AssetsLoan Servicing Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2023$28,092 $2,038 
Sale of loans11,451 
Repayments and other changes in fair value recorded in earnings(12,838)(877)
Fair value at September 30, 2024$26,705 $1,164 
Schedule of Rollforward of Level 3 Liabilities
The following tables include a rollforward of trailing fee liabilities classified by the Company within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

Trailing Fee Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2023$4,265 
Issuances580 
Repayments and settlements(670)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings(2)
Fair value at September 30, 2023$4,173 

Trailing Fee Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2022$4,852 
Issuances1,414 
Repayments and settlements(2,096)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings
Fair value at September 30. 2023$4,173 
Trailing Fee Liabilities
Fair value at June 30, 2024
$4,242 
Issuances912 
Repayments and settlements(834)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings25 
Fair value at September 30, 2024
$4,345 

Trailing Fee Liabilities
Fair value at December 31, 2023$4,251 
Issuances2,101 
Repayments and settlements(2,145)
Changes in fair value recorded in earnings    138 
Fair value at September 30, 2024$4,345