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MERGER AND SELF-MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
MERGER AND SELF-MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION MERGER AND SELF-MANAGEMENT TRANSACTION
REIT I Merger Transaction
On December 31, 2019, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company completed the acquisition of REIT I. The Company's stockholders approved the Merger contemplated by the Merger Agreement at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on December 17, 2019 (the “Annual Meeting”). The shareholders of REIT I approved the Merger contemplated by the Merger Agreement at REIT I’s Special Meeting of Shareholders, also held on December 17, 2019. On December 31, 2019, REIT I merged with and into Merger Sub, which survived the Merger as the Company's direct, wholly-owned subsidiary. At such time, the separate existence of REIT I ceased. The acquisition primarily included 20 single-tenant commercial properties and related tenant receivables, mortgage notes payable and accounts payable, in exchange for Merger consideration for each of REIT I's common shares (the “REIT I Common Shares”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger, other than the REIT I Common Shares owned by the Company, which were automatically canceled and retired, and converted into the right to receive one share of the Company's Class C common stock, with any fractional REIT I Common Shares converted into a corresponding number of fractional shares of the Company’s Class C common stock. As a result, the Company issued 8,042,221.6 shares of its Class C common stock to former shareholders of REIT I. As further discussed in Note 5, prior to the merger of REIT I with and into Merger Sub on December 31, 2019, the Company had an approximate 4.8% ownership interest in REIT I.
Accounting Treatment
While the Merger transaction was treated legally as a merger of the two entities, for accounting purposes, the transaction was treated as an asset acquisition under GAAP because REIT I did not possess the capability to operate its properties to generate revenue since it had no workforce. It was dependent on its advisor and did not possess the processes to perform asset management, property purchase and sale transactions or the resulting revenue generation on a stand-alone basis. The real estate assets acquired are similar in nature to each other and represent substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired. While there are some dissimilarities including the nature of the use (retail, industrial and office), each of the properties was subject to a multi-year lease with a single creditworthy tenant and the properties had similar risk profiles, generally including a mortgage secured only by the property. In addition, 17 of the 20 properties (approximately 93% by value as of the transaction date) were located in California and therefore subject to California law and all properties were managed without on-site offices. Merger Sub, not REIT I, was the surviving entity, there was no entity level debt and there was no contingent consideration paid, as would be typical in the purchase of an operating business.
The assets and liabilities acquired in the Merger were recorded at fair value as determined as of December 31, 2019, including normal adjustments for the values of lease-in-place and above/below market leases and premium/discount on outstanding mortgage notes payable. The Company incurred approximately $3,044,000 of acquisition-related transaction costs during 2019. These acquisition-related transaction costs were capitalized to the acquired real estate assets. As the transaction closed on the final day of the year, the Merger did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Purchase Price Allocation
The Company accounted for the Merger in accordance with the accounting standards codification guidance for business combinations, whereby the total purchase price was allocated to the acquired net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had substantially completed its process for measuring the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on information available as of the closing date.
The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the fair values assigned to the REIT I assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of December 31, 2019, the Merger closing date. These fair values were based on internal Company and independent external third-party valuations:
Fair Values AssignedDecember 31,
2019
Assets:
Real estate property, including above/below lease intangibles$151,099,097 
Cash and cash equivalents1,612,331 
Tenant receivable310,169 
Prepaid expenses and other assets51,924 
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net(62,985,425)
Accounts payable and other liabilities(2,243,156)
Net87,844,940 
Less: Cancellation of investment in REIT I (Note 5)(3,091,489)
         Capitalized transaction-related costs(3,044,480)
Net Assets Acquired$81,708,971 
Self-Management Transaction
On September 19, 2019, the Company, the Operating Partnership, BrixInvest and Daisho entered into the Contribution Agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire substantially all of the net assets of BrixInvest in exchange for 657,949.5 Class M OP Units in the Operating Partnership and assumed certain liabilities. On December 31, 2019, the Self-Management Transaction was completed.
Prior to the closing of the Self-Management Transaction: (i) substantially all of BrixInvest’s assets and liabilities were contributed to Daisho’s wholly-owned subsidiary, modiv, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“modiv, LLC”); and (ii) BrixInvest spun off Daisho to the BrixInvest members (the “Spin Off”). Pursuant to the Self-Management Transaction, Daisho contributed to the Operating Partnership all of the membership interests in modiv, LLC in exchange for the Class M OP Units.
As a result of the Self-Management Transaction, BrixInvest, through its subsidiary, Daisho, transferred all of its operating assets, including but not limited to: (i) all personal property used in or necessary for the conduct of BrixInvest’s business; (ii) intellectual property, goodwill, licenses and sublicenses granted and obtained with respect thereto and certain domain names; (iii) all continuing employees and (iv) certain other assets and liabilities, to modiv, LLC and distributed 100% of the ownership interests in Daisho to the members of BrixInvest in the Spin Off.
BrixInvest had been engaged in the business of serving as the sponsor platform supporting the operations of the Company, REIT I and, prior to October 28, 2019, BRIX REIT, Inc. (“BRIX REIT”), including serving, directly or indirectly, as advisor and asset manager to the Company, REIT I and, until October 28, 2019, BRIX REIT.
As a result of the Merger and the Self-Management Transaction, effective December 31, 2019, the Company, its Former Advisor and BrixInvest, which wholly owned the Company's Former Advisor, mutually agreed to terminate the Advisory Agreement, and the Company became self-managed. Accordingly, disclosures with regard to the Advisory Agreement elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pertain only to transactions with the Company's Former Advisor through December 31, 2019.
Amendments to Operating Partnership Agreement
On December 31, 2019, the Company, the Operating Partnership and NNN LP entered into the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Amended OP Agreement”), which amended the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership dated August 11, 2017. The amendments included amending the name of the Operating Partnership from “Rich Uncles NNN Operating Partnership, LP” to “RW Holdings NNN REIT Operating Partnership, LP” and provided the terms of the Class M OP Units and Class P OP Units issued in connection with the Self-Management Transaction and further described below.
The Class M OP Units were issued to Daisho on December 31, 2019 in connection with the Self-Management Transaction and are non-voting, non-dividend accruing, and are not able to be converted or exchanged prior to the one-year anniversary of the completion of the Self-Management Transaction. Investors holding units in BrixInvest received Daisho units in a ratio of 1:1 for an aggregate of 657,949.5 Daisho units. During 2020, Daisho distributed the Class M OP Units to its members and the Class M OP Units will become convertible into units of Class C limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“Class C OP Units”) at a conversion ratio of five Class C OP Units for each one Class M OP Unit, subject to a reduction in the conversion ratio (which reduction will vary depending upon the amount of time held) if the exchange occurs prior to the four-year anniversary of the completion of the Self-Management Transaction. In the event that the Class M OP Units are converted into Class C OP Units prior to December 31, 2023, such Class M OP Units shall be exchanged at the rate indicated below:
Date of ExchangeEarly Conversion Rate
From December 31, 2020 to December 30, 2021
50% of the Class M conversion ratio
From December 31, 2021 to December 30, 2022
60% of the Class M conversion ratio
From December 31, 2022 to December 30, 2023
70% of the Class M conversion ratio
The Class M OP Units are eligible for an increase in the conversion ratio (conversion ratio enhancement) if the Company achieves both of the targets for assets under management (“AUM”) and adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”) in a given year as set forth below:
Hurdles
AUMAFFO Per ShareClass M
($ in billions)($)Conversion Ratio
Initial Conversion Ratio1:5.00
Fiscal Year 2021$0.860 $0.59 1:5.75
Fiscal Year 2022$1.175 $0.65 1:7.50
Fiscal Year 2023$1.551 $0.70 1:9.00
Based on the current conversion ratio of five Class C OP Units for each one Class M OP Unit, if a Class M OP Unit is converted on or after December 31, 2023, and based on the current NAV per share of $7.00, a Class M OP Unit would be valued at $35.00. The current NAV does not impact the early conversion rate or the future conversion enhancement ratio of the Class M OP Units and Class P OP Units.
The Company also issued a portion of the Class P OP Units described below in connection with the Self-Management Transaction. The Class P OP Units are intended to be treated as “profits interests” in the Operating Partnership, which are non-voting, non-dividend accruing, and are not able to be transferred or exchanged prior to the earlier of (1) March 31, 2024, (2) a change of control (as defined in the Amended OP Agreement), or (3) the date of the recipient's involuntary termination (as defined in the relevant award agreement for the Class P OP Units) (collectively, the “Lockup Period”). Following the expiration of the Lockup Period, the Class P OP Units are convertible into Class C OP Units at a conversion ratio of five Class C OP Units for each one Class P OP Unit; provided, however, that the foregoing conversion ratio shall be subject to increase on generally the same terms and conditions as the Class M OP Units, as set forth above.
The Company issued a total of 56,029 Class P OP Units to Messrs. Halfacre and Raymond J. Pacini, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, including 26,318 Class P OP Units issued in exchange for Messrs. Halfacre's and Pacini's agreements to forfeit a similar number of restricted units in BrixInvest in connection with the Self-Management Transaction. The remaining 29,711 Class P OP Units were issued to these executives as a portion of their incentive compensation for 2020 in connection with their entry into restrictive covenant agreements. The 29,711 Class P OP Units were valued based on the estimated NAV per share of $10.16 when issued on December 31, 2019 and the expected minimum conversion ratio of five Class C OP Units for each one Class P OP Unit, which resulted in a valuation of $1,509,319. This amount is amortized on a straight-line basis over 51 months through March 31, 2024, the expected vesting date of the units, as a periodic charge to stock compensation expense. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company amortized and charged $88,784 and $266,350, respectively, to stock compensation expense. The unamortized value of these units was $1,242,969 as of September 30, 2020.
Under the Amended OP Agreement, once the Class M OP Units or Class P OP Units are converted into Class C OP Units, they will be exchangeable for the Company’s shares of Class C common stock on a 1-for-1 basis, or for cash at the sole and absolute discretion of the Company. The Company recorded the ownership interests of the Class M OP Units and Class P OP Units as noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership, representing a combined total of approximately 13% of equity in the Operating Partnership as of December 31, 2019.
Registration Rights Agreement
On December 31, 2019, the Company, the Operating Partnership and Daisho entered into a Registration Rights Agreement pursuant to which Daisho (or any successor holder) has the right, after one year from the date of the Self-Management Transaction, to request that the Company register for resale, under the Securities Act, shares of the Company's Class C common stock issued or issuable to such holder in exchange for the Class C OP Units as described above.
Accounting Treatment
In accordance with GAAP, the Company accounted for the Self-Management Transaction as an acquisition of a business in accordance with the accounting standards codification guidance for business combinations because the parties to the transaction were not under common control and the acquisition was for an integrated set of activities and assets, consisting of inputs (executives and staff with knowledge and experience) and processes (operating a real estate investment trust and online investor website platform) that contribute to the creation of outputs (real estate transactions, asset management and generation of investors). Therefore, the total consideration transferred was allocated to the acquired net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values at December 31, 2019.
The fair value measurement of the consideration transferred was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent a Level 3 measurement as discussed in Note 2. The key assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the Class M OP Units and the Class P OP Units included projections for (i) property acquisitions and changes in property values, (ii) new investors, and (iii) follow on investments by existing stockholders. The consideration transferred in the Self-Management Transaction was determined to have a fair value of $50,603,000 as of December 31, 2019 based on a probability weighted analysis of achieving the requisite AUM and AFFO hurdles. The Class M OP Units and the 26,318 Class P OP Units issued in connection with the Self-Management Transaction were treated as permanent equity of the Company for accounting purposes because the Class M OP Units and the Class P OP Units are not mandatorily redeemable by the Company. In addition, there is no unconditional obligation to issue a variable number of shares; the Class M OP Units and the Class P OP Units are issued in the form of shares and as such would not represent a financial instrument other than an outstanding share that embodies a conditional
obligation, and they do not possess the characteristics of freestanding derivatives. Moreover, they are not redeemable for cash or other assets at the option of the holder or upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the Company. The Class M OP Units and the Class P OP Units are a single financial instrument, including the conversion ratio enhancement, which cannot be detached and is not separately exercisable.
As of December 31, 2019, the Company had substantially completed its process for measuring the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on information available as of the closing date. The Company incurred $1,468,913 in costs in connection with the Self-Management Transaction, which were included in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and an additional $201,920 in post-closing costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, including $193,460 in post-closing costs that were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $8,460 in post-closing costs that were incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Purchase Price Allocation
The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the fair values assigned to the BrixInvest assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of December 31, 2019, the closing date of the Self-Management Transaction. These fair values were based on internal Company and independent external third-party valuations:
Fair Values AssignedDecember 31, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$(204,176)
Prepaid expenses and other assets(305,212)
Operating lease right-of-use asset(2,386,877)
Intangible assets(7,700,000)
Liabilities:
Short-term notes payable4,800,000 
Due to affiliates630,820 
Bank line of credit800,000 
Accounts payable and other liabilities2,070,968 
Operating lease liability2,386,877 
Net liabilities assumed92,400 
Less: Cancellation of investment in the Company(107,400)
Add: Contribution of Class M OP Units and Class P OP Units50,603,000 
Goodwill$50,588,000 
Prior to the closing of the Self-Management Transaction, BrixInvest held 10,740 shares of Class C common stock in the Company, purchased at $10.00 per share. These shares were canceled in connection with the Self-Management Transaction.
Goodwill
The goodwill recognized was primarily attributable to the Company's ability to be self-managed, the value of the workforce which includes growth opportunities, from both existing and new investments, income streams and the ability to offer new products, the investor platform acquired from BrixInvest and its expected synergies resulting from the Self-Management Transaction and the Merger. Key areas of expected cost synergies include increased purchasing power for acquiring properties, lower financing costs and administrative efficiencies. Goodwill is expected to be mostly non-deductible for tax purposes. As permitted under ASC 805 for business combinations, the Company recorded goodwill because the purchase price of the Self-Management Transaction exceeded the estimated fair value of net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired.
The current COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and globally, and the magnitude and uncertain duration of the economic impacts have resulted in challenges in attracting investor equity during this period of economic weakness and volatility. The disruption in the Company's Offerings is expected to have a protracted impact on capital raising, and the recessionary pressures on the economy have resulted in real estate market uncertainty and an approximate 14% decrease in the estimated fair value of the Company’s real estate properties as of April 30, 2020 as compared with the estimated fair value of the Company’s real estate properties as of December 31, 2019 (see discussion of the Company's updated estimated NAV per share approved on May 20, 2020 above in Note 1). Given these circumstances, the Company revised its capital raise projections, its projections of new investment and other factors contributing to the Company's analysis of estimated fair value of its consolidated business operations. Since the Company is a single reporting unit, the Company performed a quantitative analysis to compare the estimated
fair value of the Company’s net tangible and intangible assets, including the estimated fair value of the business acquired from its Former Sponsor, to the carrying value of its net tangible and intangible assets as of March 31, 2020. Since the estimated fair value of the Company’s net tangible and intangible assets was less than the carrying amount of its net tangible and intangible assets, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $33,267,143 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 which is reflected in the Company’s net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The net carrying amount of goodwill as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows:
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Goodwill$17,320,857 $50,588,000 
Intangible Assets Acquired
The allocation of the purchase price to the net assets acquired in the Self-Management Transaction resulted in the recognition of $7,700,000 of intangible assets as of the December 31, 2019 closing date. The fair values of the acquired investor lists and developed technology assets, primarily the investor online platform, were determined using the adjusted cost approach, which approximates fair value. The useful lives of the intangible assets were determined based on the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the intangible assets adjusted as appropriate for entity-specific factors including legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, and/or other factors that may limit the useful life of the respective intangible asset.
Intangible assets, net as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and related useful lives were as follows:
Intangible AssetsWeighted-Average Useful LifeSeptember 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Investor list, net5.0 years$3,494,740 $4,800,000 
Web services technology, domains and licenses3.0 years3,466,102 2,900,000 
6,960,842 7,700,000 
Accumulated amortization(1,372,910)— 
Net
$5,587,932 $7,700,000 
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company acquired additional web services technology, domains and licenses intangible assets of $33,061 and $566,102, respectively. Amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 amounted to $458,371 and $1,372,910, respectively.
As discussed previously, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in the economy and uncertainties in the investment markets. Based on the impacts on the Company's investors and the economy, the Company evaluated the fair value of intangibles to determine if they exceeded the respective carrying values and determined that a portion of the investor list would no longer be viable and, therefore, an impairment charge of $1,305,260 was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020 which is reflected in the Company’s net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The estimated amortization expense for the succeeding fiscal years is as follows: October to December 2020, $460,144; 2021, $1,840,576; 2022, $1,840,576; 2023, $749,978; and 2024, $696,658.