8-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): October 18, 2022

Zymergen Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

Delaware	001-40354	46-2942439
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)	(Commission File Number)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

5959 Horton Street, Suite 700

Emeryville CA 94608

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(415) 801-8073

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	ZY	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company  ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Introductory Note

On October 19, 2022, Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Parent”), completed the previously announced acquisition of Zymergen Inc., a Delaware public benefit corporation (“Zymergen” or the “Company”), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 24, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Parent and Pepper Merger Subsidiary Inc., a Delaware corporation and indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub was merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving as an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (the “Merger”). Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined have the respective meanings set forth in the Merger Agreement.

Item 2.01 Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.

The information set forth in the Introductory Note, Item 3.01, Item 5.01, Item 5.02, Item 5.03 and Item 8.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.01.

At the Effective Time, and as a result of the Merger:

• each share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Company Common Stock”), issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares (i) held by Zymergen as treasury stock; (ii) owned by Parent or Merger Sub; or (iii) owned by any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent or Merger Sub as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, was automatically cancelled, extinguished and converted into the right to receive 0.9179 of a share of Parent Class A Common Stock (the “Merger Consideration”);

• each option to purchase shares of Company Common Stock (each, a “Company Option”), with an exercise price per share less than the Merger Consideration Value (as defined below) that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether vested or unvested, was cancelled and converted into the right to receive a number of shares of Parent Class A Common Stock equal to the Option Consideration Value (as defined below) with respect to such Company Option divided by the Parent Class A Share Price, and cash in lieu of any fractional share, without interest. “Option Consideration Value” means an amount, without interest, equal to the product of (i) the excess of (A) the Merger Consideration Value over (B) the exercise price per share of such Company Option, and (ii) the total number of Company Common Stock issuable upon exercise in full of such Company Option. “Merger Consideration Value” means an amount (rounded down to the nearest whole cent) equal to the product of (x) the Merger Consideration and (y) the Parent Class A Share Price. “Parent Class A Share Price” means the volume-weighted average price of Parent Class A Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange for the period of five consecutive trading days ending on and including the second full trading day prior to the Effective Time;

• each Company Option with an exercise price per share equal to or greater than the Merger Consideration Value was cancelled for no consideration;

• each outstanding award of Company restricted stock units (“Company RSUs”) outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time that was vested (including after giving effect to any acceleration of vesting to which the Company RSU was entitled as of immediately prior to the Effective Time as disclosed to Parent) was cancelled and converted into and became a right to receive the Merger Consideration for each such Company RSU and cash in lieu of any fractional share, without interest;

• each Company RSU outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time that was unvested was cancelled and converted into a restricted stock unit award of Parent (such restricted stock units, “Parent RSUs”) with respect to the number of shares of Parent Class A Common Stock that is equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Company Common Stock subject to such unvested Company RSU as of

immediately prior to the Effective Time, and (ii) the Merger Consideration, rounded down to the nearest whole share, which such Parent RSU will be subject to the same vesting terms and conditions applicable to the Company RSU to which it relates as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, including any applicable vesting acceleration provisions in connection with such holder’s termination of employment or service, but otherwise will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Parent’s 2021 Incentive Award Plan; and

• each share of Company Common Stock that was (i) held by the Company as treasury stock; (ii) owned by Parent or Merger Sub; or (iii) owned by any direct or indirect wholly-owned Subsidiary of Parent or Merger Sub as of immediately prior to the Effective Time was automatically cancelled and extinguished without any conversion thereof or consideration paid therefor.

The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby including the Merger does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Merger Agreement, a copy of which was attached as Exhibit 2.1 to Zymergen’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 25, 2022, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 2.05 Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.

On October 18, 2022, the Company announced a further reduction in force (the “October 2022 Reduction in Force”) that is expected to result in the termination of approximately 110 employees. The Company estimates it will incur cash-based severance costs of approximately $7.9 million related to the October 2022 Reduction in Force and an aggregate of approximately $15.3 million in cash-based severance costs when combined with the initial reductions in force that were announced on July 25, 2022 and August 25, 2022. The Company also expects to incur stock-based compensation and employee restructuring costs related to the October 2022 Reduction in Force, the amount of which has not yet been estimated.

Item 3.01 Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing.

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.01.

On the Closing Date, in connection with the consummation of the Merger, Zymergen notified the Nasdaq Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) that the Merger had been consummated and requested that the trading of the shares of Company Common Stock on NASDAQ be suspended on the same day and that the listing of the shares of Company Common Stock on the NASDAQ be withdrawn on that day. In addition, Zymergen requested that NASDAQ file with the SEC a notification on Form 25 to report the delisting of its shares from NASDAQ and to deregister its shares under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Zymergen intends to file with the SEC a Form 15 requesting the termination of registration of the Company Common Stock under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and the suspension of reporting obligations under Section 13 and Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Item 3.03 Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.

The information set forth in the Introductory Note, Item 2.01, Item 3.01, Item 5.01 and Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.03.

Item 5.01 Changes in Control of Registrant.

The information set forth in the Introductory Note, Item 2.01, Item 3.01, Item 5.02 and Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.01.

As a result of the consummation of the Merger, a change of control of Zymergen occurred and Zymergen became an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Parent.

Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.02.

At the Effective Time, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, each of Jay Flatley, Sandra Peterson, Steven Chu, Zach Serber, Travis Murdoch, Matt Ocko, Rohit Sharma and Christine Gorjanc, each a director of Zymergen as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, ceased to be a director of Zymergen, as the surviving entity of the Merger. At the Effective Time, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, each of Jason Berndt, Austin Che and Anna Marie Wagner became a director of Zymergen, as the surviving entity of the Merger.

In connection with the October 2022 Reduction in Force, each of Jay Flatley and Enakshi Singh, the Company’s Acting Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively, will cease service as officers of the Company effective as of October 18, 2022 and November 1, 2022, respectively, and are expected to remain as employees of the Company for a two-month notice period thereafter. In connection with her separation from employment and subject to her execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims, Ms. Singh will be entitled to (i) payment of a cash amount equal to 12 months of her base salary, plus 100% of her target annual bonus, (ii) continued payment of the company portion of the premiums required for continued healthcare coverage for Ms. Singh and her eligible dependents for up to 12 months, and (iii) full vesting of all of her outstanding equity awards; provided that such payments will be reduced by amounts paid during the notice period. Mr. Flatley will not receive any additional payment in connection with his separation from employment following the notice period.

Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.

In connection with the completion of the Merger, on the Closing Date, Zymergen filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the certificate of merger relating to the Merger. In connection with the completion of the Merger and pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, Zymergen’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated in its entirety as the certificate of incorporation in the form set forth in Exhibit A to the Merger Agreement. In connection with the completion of the Merger and pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, the bylaws of Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time became the bylaws of Zymergen as the surviving entity. Copies of Zymergen’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws are filed as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated by reference herein.

Item 8.01 Other Events

On October 19, 2022, Ginkgo and Zymergen issued a joint press release announcing completion of the Merger. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

Exhibit     No.	Description
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 24, 2022, by and among Zymergen Inc., a Delaware public benefit corporation, Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Pepper Merger Subsidiary Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 25, 2022).
3.1	Sixth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Zymergen Inc.
3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Zymergen Inc.
99.1	Joint Press Release, dated October 19, 2022.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

	Zymergen Inc.
Date: October 19, 2022	By:	/s/ Enakshi Singh
	Name:	Enakshi Singh
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

EX-3.1

Exhibit 3.1

SIXTH AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

ZYMERGEN INC.

A PUBLIC BENEFIT CORPORATION

1. The name of this corporation is Zymergen Inc. (the “Corporation”).

2. The registered office of this Corporation in the State of Delaware is located at: c/o The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Corporation Trust Center, Wilmington, County of New Castle, DE 19801. The name of the registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

3. The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”).

4. The Corporation shall be a public benefit corporation, as contemplated by subchapter XV of the DGCL, and is to be managed in a manner that balances the stockholders’ pecuniary (financial) interests, the best interests of those materially affected by the Corporation’s conduct (including customers, employees, partners, and the communities in which the Corporation operates), and the public benefit or benefits identified in this Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (“Certificate of Incorporation”).

5. The specific public benefit to be promoted by the Corporation is to displace the petrochemicals that pollute the Planet by designing, developing, and commercializing bio-based materials that deliver better performance than existing products, at attractive costs. The Corporation makes products with broad applications and global reach that are safer for the people who manufacture them, healthier for the people who use them and better for the environment.

6. The total number of shares of stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 100 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Common Stock”). Each share of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote.

7. Shares of Common Stock may be issued in fractions of a share. Each fractional share of Common Stock shall be entitled to a vote in proportion to such fractional share.

8. Except as otherwise provided in the provisions establishing a class of stock, the number of authorized shares of any class or series of stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Corporation entitled to vote irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.

9. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. The size of the Board of Directors shall be determined as set forth in the bylaws of the Corporation, as in effect from time to time (the “Bylaws”). The election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws shall so require.

10. In furtherance and not in limitation of the power conferred upon the Board of Directors by law, the Board of Directors shall have power to make, adopt, alter, amend and repeal from time to time the Bylaws, subject to the right of the stockholders entitled to vote with respect thereto to alter and repeal Bylaws made by the Board of Directors.

11. To the maximum extent permitted from time to time under the laws of the State of Delaware, the Corporation renounces any interest or expectancy of the Corporation in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, business opportunities that are from time to time presented to its officers, directors or stockholders, other than those officers, directors or stockholders who are employees of the Corporation or, with respect to any individual, each spouse or child or other descendants of such individual, each trust, limited liability company or limited partnership created solely for the benefit of one or more of the aforementioned Persons and/or their spouses and each custodian or guardian of any property of one or more of the aforementioned Persons in his capacity as such custodian or guardian, of officers, directors or stockholders who are employees of the Corporation. No amendment or repeal of this Section 11 shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any officer, director or stockholder of the Corporation for or with respect to any opportunities of which such officer, director, or stockholder becomes aware prior to such amendment or repeal. To the fullest extent permitted by law, any Person purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this Section 11. As used herein, “Person” shall mean any individual, partnership, corporation, association, trust, joint venture, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, entity or division, or any government, governmental department or agency or political subdivision thereof.

12. To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL or any other law of the State of Delaware, as it exists or may hereafter be amended or modified from time to time, no director of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or any of its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders; any act or omission not in good faith or which involved intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the DGCL; and any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

13. To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL or any other law of the State of Delaware, as it exists or may hereafter be amended or modified from time to time, including to the extent that such law or amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior to such law or amendment, the Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) its current or former directors, officers, employees and agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to which DGCL permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through Bylaw provisions, agreements with such persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

14. No amendment or repeal of Section 12, Section 13 or this Section 14, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with Section 12, Section 13 or Section 14, nor, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, any modification of law, shall adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision.

15. The books of the Corporation may (subject to any statutory requirements) be kept outside the State of Delaware as may be designated by the Board of Directors or in the Bylaws.

16. If at any time the Corporation shall have a class of stock registered pursuant to the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, for so long as such class is so registered, any action by the stockholders of such class must be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken by written consent.

17. The Corporation shall not be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL.

18. (a) Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Chancery Court”) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or its stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases, subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in the shares of capital stock of the Corporation will be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 18.

(b) Any person or entity that purchases or otherwise acquires any interest in the shares of capital stock of the Corporation will be deemed to have (i) consented and submitted to the personal jurisdiction of the Chancery Court in connection with any action described in Section 18(a) above (an “Action”), (ii) waived any objection to the exercise of personal jurisdiction over such stockholder in the Chancery Court, (iii) waived any argument relating to the inconvenience of the forums referenced above in connection with any Action, (iv) agreed not to commence any such Action other than before the Chancery Court nor to make any motion or take any other action seeking or intending to cause the transfer or removal of any such Action to any court other than the Chancery Court whether on the grounds of inconvenient forum or otherwise, and (v) consented to having service of process made upon such person or entity by service upon such person’s or entity’s counsel as agent for such person or entity in the event that such person or entity brings an Action in a court other than the Chancery Court.

EX-3.2

Exhibit 3.2

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

OF

ZYMERGEN INC. (THE “CORPORATION”)

Section 1. LAW, CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS

1.1. These bylaws are subject to the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”). In these bylaws, references to law, the Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws mean the law, the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and these bylaws as from time to time in effect.

Section 2. STOCKHOLDERS

2.1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held each year at such date and time, within or without the State of Delaware, as the board of directors shall determine.

2.2. Special Meetings. A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, if any, the president or the board of directors. A special meeting of the stockholders shall be called by the secretary, or in the case of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal of the secretary, by an assistant secretary or some other officer, upon application of a majority of the directors. Any such application shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. Any such call shall state the place, date, hour, and purposes of the meeting.

2.3. Place of Meeting. All meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such place within or without the State of Delaware as may be determined from time to time by the chairman of the board, if any, the president or the board of directors. Any adjourned session of any meeting of the stockholders shall be held at the place designated in the vote of adjournment.

2.4. Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, a written notice of each meeting of stockholders stating the place, day and hour thereof and, in the case of a special meeting, the purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given not less than ten nor more than sixty calendar days before the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, and to each stockholder who, by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws, is entitled to notice, by leaving such notice with him or at his residence or usual place of business, or by depositing it in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to such stockholder at his address as it appears in the records of the Corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders may be given by electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section 232 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). Such notice shall be given by the secretary, or by an officer or person designated by the board of directors, or in the case of a special meeting by the officer calling the meeting. As to any adjourned session of any meeting of stockholders, notice of the adjourned meeting need not be given if the time and place thereof

are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken except that if the adjournment is for more than thirty days or if after the adjournment a new record date is set for the adjourned session, notice of any such adjourned session of the meeting shall be given in the manner heretofore described. No notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjourned session thereof need be given to a stockholder if a written waiver of notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by such stockholder, given before or after the meeting or such adjourned session by such stockholder, is filed with the records of the meeting or if the stockholder attends such meeting without objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the stockholders or any adjourned session thereof need be specified in any written waiver of notice.

2.5. Quorum of Stockholders. At any meeting of the stockholders a quorum as to any matter shall consist of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except where a larger quorum is required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present. If a quorum is present at an original meeting, a quorum need not be present at an adjourned session of that meeting. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of any corporation to vote stock, including but not limited to its own stock, held by it in a fiduciary capacity.

2.6. Action by Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a plurality of the votes properly cast for election to any office shall elect to such office and a majority of the votes properly cast upon any question other than an election to an office shall decide the question, except when a larger vote is required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these bylaws. No ballot shall be required for any election unless requested by a stockholder present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election.

2.7. Action without Meetings. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by stockholders for or in connection with any corporate action may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware by hand or certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Each such written consent shall bear the date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent. No written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless written consents signed by a number of stockholders sufficient to take such action are delivered to the Corporation in the manner specified in this paragraph within sixty days of the earliest dated consent so delivered.

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If action is taken by consent of stockholders and in accordance with the foregoing, there shall be filed with the records of the meetings of stockholders the writing or writings comprising such consent.

If action is taken by less than unanimous consent of stockholders, prompt notice of the taking of such action without a meeting shall be given to those who have not consented in writing.

In the event that the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of a certificate under any provision of the DGCL, if such action had been voted upon by the stockholders at a meeting thereof, the certificate filed under such provision shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such provision concerning a vote of stockholders, that written consent has been given under Section 228 of the DGCL and that written notice has been given as provided in such Section 228.

2.8. Proxy Representation. Every stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy in all matters in which a stockholder is entitled to participate, whether by waiving notice of any meeting, objecting to or voting or participating at a meeting, or expressing consent or dissent without a meeting. Every proxy must be signed by the stockholder or by his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date unless such proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and, if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the Corporation generally. The authorization of a proxy may but need not be limited to specified action, provided, however, that if a proxy limits its authorization to a meeting or meetings of stockholders, unless otherwise specifically provided such proxy shall entitle the holder thereof to vote at any adjourned session but shall not be valid after the final adjournment thereof.

2.9. Inspectors. The directors or the person presiding at the meeting may, and shall if required by applicable law, appoint one or more inspectors of election and any substitute inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspectors, if any, shall determine the number of shares of stock outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares of stock represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. On request of the person presiding at the meeting, the inspectors shall make a report in writing of any challenge, question or matter determined by them and execute a certificate of any fact found by them.

2.10. List of Stockholders. The secretary shall prepare, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in his name. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are stockholders entitled to examine such list or to vote in person or by proxy at such meeting.

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Section 3. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

3.1. Number. The Corporation shall have one or more directors, the number of directors to be determined from time to time by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. No director need be a stockholder.

3.2. Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws, each director shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified, or until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified.

3.3. Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors who shall have and may exercise all the powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

3.4. Removal and Replacement; Vacancies. Subject to the requirements of applicable law, vacancies and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors may be filled by vote of the holders of the particular class or series of stock entitled to elect such director at a meeting called for the purpose, or by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, in each case elected by the particular class or series of stock entitled to elect such directors. When one or more directors shall resign from the board of directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have resigned, who were elected by the particular class or series of stock entitled to elect such resigning director or directors shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote or action by writing thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective. The directors shall have and may exercise all their powers notwithstanding the existence of one or more vacancies in their number, subject to any requirements of law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these bylaws as to the number of directors required for a quorum or for any vote or other actions.

3.5. Committees. The board of directors may, by vote of a majority of the whole board of directors, (a) designate, change the membership of or terminate the existence of any committee or committees; (b) designate one or more directors as alternate members of any such committee who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee; and (c) determine the extent to which each such committee shall have and may exercise the powers of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, including the power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which require it and the power and authority to declare dividends or to authorize the issuance of stock; excepting, however, such powers which by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws they are prohibited from so delegating. In the absence or disqualification of any member of such committee and his alternate, if any, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Except as the board of

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directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the board of directors or such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as may be in the same manner as is provided by these bylaws for the conduct of business by the board of directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors upon request.

3.6. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without call or notice at such places within or without the State of Delaware and at such times as the board of directors may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent directors. A regular meeting of the directors may be held without call or notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.

3.7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board of directors may be held at any time and at any place within or without the State of Delaware designated in the notice of the meeting, when called by the chairman of the board of directors, if any, the president, or by one-third or more in number of the directors, reasonable notice thereof being given to each director by the secretary or by the chairman of the board of directors, if any, the president or any one of the directors calling the meeting.

3.8. Notice. It shall be reasonable and sufficient notice to a director to send notice by mail at least forty-eight hours before the meeting addressed to him at his usual or last known business or residence address, by electronic communication or facsimile transmission at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to him at his usual e-mail address or fax number or to give notice to him in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director if a written waiver of notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by such director, given by him before or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any director who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need to specify the purposes of the meeting.

3.9. Quorum. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws, at any meeting of the directors a majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum; a quorum shall not in any case be less than one-third of the total number of directors constituting the whole board. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.

3.10. Action by Vote. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws, when a quorum is present at any meeting the vote of a majority of the directors present shall be the act of the board of directors.

3.11. Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or a committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all the members of the board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the records of the meetings of the board or of such committee. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as the act of the board or of such committee, as the case may be.

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3.12. Participation in Meetings by Conference Telephone. Members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by such board, may participate in a meeting of such board or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other or by any other means permitted by law. Such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

3.13. Compensation. In the discretion of the board of directors, each director may be paid such fees for his services as director and be reimbursed for his reasonable expenses incurred in the performance of his duties as director as the board of directors from time to time may determine. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving reasonable compensation therefor.

3.14. Interested Directors and Officers.

(a) No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of the Corporation’s directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the board or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if:

(1) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the board of directors or the committee, and the board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or

(2) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or

(3) The contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the board of directors, a committee thereof, or the stockholders.

(b) Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the board of directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

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Section 4. OFFICERS AND AGENTS

4.1. Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Corporation shall be a president, a treasurer, a secretary and such other officers, if any, as the board of directors from time to time may in its discretion elect or appoint including without limitation a chairman of the board, one or more vice presidents and a controller. The Corporation may also have such agents, if any, as the board of directors from time to time may in its discretion choose. Any officer may be but none need be a director or stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. Any officer may be required by the board of directors to secure the faithful performance of his duties to the Corporation by giving bond in such amount and with sureties or otherwise as the board of directors may determine.

4.2. Powers. Subject to law, to the Certificate of Incorporation and to the other provisions of these bylaws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to his office and such additional duties and powers as the board of directors may from time to time designate.

4.3. Election. The officers may be elected by the board of directors at their first meeting following the annual meeting of the stockholders or at any other time. At any time or from time to time the directors may delegate to any officer their power to elect or appoint any other officer or any agents.

4.4. Tenure. Each officer shall hold office until the first meeting of the board of directors following the next annual meeting of the stockholders and until his respective successor is chosen and qualified unless a shorter period shall have been specified by the terms of his election or appointment, or in each case until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each agent shall retain his authority at the pleasure of the directors, or the officer by whom he was appointed or by the officer who then holds agent appointive power.

4.5. Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Vice President. The chairman of the board, if any, shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors. Unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, the chairman of the board, or if there is none the chief executive officer, shall preside, or designate the person who shall preside, at all meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors.

Unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, the president shall be the chief executive officer and shall have direct charge of all business operations of the Corporation and, subject to the control of the directors, shall have general charge and supervision of the business of the Corporation.

Any vice presidents shall have such duties and powers as shall be set forth in these bylaws or as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors or by the president.

4.6. Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. Unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, the treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation and shall be in charge of its funds and valuable papers, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or by the president. If no controller is elected, the treasurer shall, unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, also have the duties and powers of the controller.

Any assistant treasurers shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president or the treasurer.

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4.7. Controller and Assistant Controllers. If a controller is elected, he shall, unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, be the chief accounting officer of the Corporation and be in charge of its books of account and accounting records, and of its accounting procedures. He shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president or the treasurer.

Any assistant controller shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president, the treasurer or the controller.

4.8. Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The secretary shall record all proceedings of the stockholders, of the board of directors and of committees of the board of directors in a book or series of books to be kept therefor and shall file therein all actions by written consent of stockholders or directors. In the absence of the secretary from any meeting, an assistant secretary, or if there be none or he is absent, a temporary secretary chosen at the meeting, shall record the proceedings thereof. Unless a transfer agent has been appointed the secretary shall keep or cause to be kept the stock and transfer records of the Corporation, which shall contain the names and record addresses of all stockholders and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. He shall have such other duties and powers as may from time to time be designated by the board of directors or the president.

Any assistant secretaries shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president or the secretary.

Section 5. RESIGNATIONS AND REMOVALS

5.1. Any director or officer may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chairman of the board, if any, the president, or the secretary or to a meeting of the board of directors. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time, and without in either case the necessity of its being accepted unless the resignation shall so state. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws, a director (including persons elected by stockholders or directors to fill vacancies in the board) may be removed from office with or without cause by the vote of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of the particular class or series entitled to vote in the election of such directors. The board of directors may at any time remove any officer either with or without cause. The board of directors may at any time terminate or modify the authority of any agent.

Section 6. VACANCIES

6.1. If the office of the president, the treasurer or the secretary becomes vacant, the directors may elect a successor by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. If the office of any other officer becomes vacant, any person or body empowered to elect or appoint that officer may choose a successor. Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term, and in the case of the president, the treasurer and the secretary until his successor is chosen and qualified or in each case until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Any vacancy of a directorship shall be filled as specified in Section 3.4 of these bylaws.

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Section 7. CAPITAL STOCK

7.1. Stock Certificates. Unless the Corporation has provided by resolution of the board of directors that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock will be certificated, any or all classes or series of stock shall be uncertificated. In the event that the board of directors does provide such a resolution, then each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the number and the class and designation of the series, if any, of the shares held by such stockholder, in such form as shall, in conformity with applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation and these bylaws, be prescribed from time to time by the board of directors. Such certificate shall be signed by, or in the name of, the Corporation by any authorized officers of the Corporation, and the number of authorized officers so signing shall be in conformity with the requirements of the DGCL. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case an officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the time of its issue.

7.2. Fractional Shares. Fractional shares of any class may be issued and entitle the holder thereof to all rights and responsibilities of such class of stock or series of stock, including payment of dividends and the right to receive notice and to vote or to give any consent with respect thereto and to be held liable for such calls and assessments, if any, as may lawfully be made thereon.

7.3. Loss of Certificates. In the case of the alleged theft, loss, destruction or mutilation of a certificate of stock, a duplicate certificate may be issued in place thereof, upon such terms, including receipt of a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim on account thereof, as the board of directors may prescribe.

Section 8. TRANSFER OF SHARES OF STOCK

8.1. Transfer on Books. Subject to the restrictions, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificate (if any), shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the Corporation or its duly appointed transfer agent by the registered holder thereof and, in the case of certificated shares, by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate therefor properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment and power of attorney properly executed, with necessary transfer stamps affixed, and with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the board of directors or the transfer agent of the Corporation may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to receive notice and to vote or to give any consent with respect thereto and to be held liable for such calls and assessments, if any, as may lawfully be made thereon, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been properly transferred on the books of the Corporation.

It shall be the duty of each stockholder to notify the Corporation of his post office address.

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8.2. Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting. If no such record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors. If no such record date has been fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by the DGCL, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware by hand or certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by the DGCL, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such payment, exercise or other action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

Section 9. INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS

9.1. Indemnification.

(a) Subject to Section 9.3, the Corporation shall indemnify, to the full extent that it shall have power under applicable law to do so and in a manner permitted by the DGCL or any other law of the State of Delaware, as it exists or may hereafter be amended or modified from time to time, any person who is made or threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise

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involved (as a witness or otherwise) in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (hereinafter, a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (collectively, “Another Enterprise”), against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines (including ERISA excise taxes or penalties) and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such Proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. For the avoidance of doubt, in the absence of a conflict of interest, no failure to satisfy the balancing requirement described in Subchapter XV of the DGCL shall, for the purposes of this Article IX, constitute an act or omission not in good faith, or a breach of the duty of loyalty.

(b) The Corporation may indemnify, to the full extent that it shall have power under applicable law to do so and in a manner permitted by such law, any person who is made or threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved (as a witness or otherwise) in any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding, by reason of the fact that such person is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation, or while not serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of Another Enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines (including ERISA excise taxes or penalties) and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such Proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

(c) To the extent that a present or former director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding referred to in Section 145(a) or (b) of the DGCL, or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith.

(d) The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person seeking indemnification did not act in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

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9.2. Advancement of Expenses.

(a) Subject to Section 9.3, with respect to any person who is made or threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved (as a witness or otherwise) in any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of Another Enterprise, the Corporation shall pay the expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) incurred by or on behalf of such person in defending any such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that any advancement of expenses shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking (hereinafter an “undertaking”) by such person to repay all amounts advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal that such person is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Article IX or otherwise.

(b) With respect to any person who is made or threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved (as a witness or otherwise) in any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding, by reason of the fact that such person is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation, or while not serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of Another Enterprise, the Corporation may, in its discretion and upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate, pay the expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) incurred by such person in defending any such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition.

9.3. Actions Initiated Against the Corporation. Anything in Section 9.1(a) or Section 9.2(a) to the contrary notwithstanding, except as provided in Section 9.5(b), with respect to a Proceeding initiated against the Corporation by a person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation (whether initiated by such person in or by reason of such capacity or in or by reason of any other capacity, including as a director, officer, employee, or agent of Another Enterprise), the Corporation shall not be required to indemnify or to advance expenses (including attorneys’ fees) to such person in connection with prosecuting such Proceeding (or part thereof) or in defending any counterclaim, cross-claim, affirmative defense, or like claim of the Corporation in such Proceeding (or part thereof) unless such Proceeding was authorized by the board of directors.

9.4. Contract Rights. The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred upon any current or former director or officer of the Corporation pursuant to this Article IX (whether by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of Another Enterprise) shall be contract rights, shall vest when such person becomes a director or officer of the Corporation, and shall continue as vested contract rights even if such person ceases to be a director or officer of the Corporation. Any amendment, repeal, or modification of, or adoption of any provision inconsistent with, this Article IX (or any provision hereof) shall not adversely affect any right to indemnification or advancement of expenses granted to any person pursuant hereto with respect to any act or omission of such person occurring prior to the time of such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption (regardless of whether the Proceeding relating to such acts or omissions, or any proceeding relating to such person’s rights to indemnification or to advancement of expenses, is commenced before or after the time of such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption), and any such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption that would adversely affect such person’s rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses hereunder shall be ineffective as to such person, except with respect to any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding that relates to or arises from (and only to the extent such Proceeding relates to or arises from) any act or omission of such person occurring after the effective time of such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption.

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9.5. Claims.

(a) If (i) a valid claim under Section 9.1(a) with respect to any right to indemnification is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty (60) days after a written demand has been received by the Corporation or (ii) a valid claim under Section 9.2(a) with respect to any right to the advancement of expenses is not paid in full by the Corporation within thirty (30) days after a written demand has been received by the Corporation, then the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses, as the case may be, may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim.

(b) If successful in whole or in part in any suit brought pursuant to Section 9.5(a), or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or an advancement of expenses hereunder or the person from whom the Corporation sought to recover an advancement of expenses, as the case may be, shall be entitled to be paid by the Corporation the reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees) of prosecuting or defending such suit.

(c) In any suit brought by a person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not a suit brought by a person seeking to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses hereunder), it shall be a defense that the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification has not met any applicable standard for indemnification under applicable law. With respect to any suit brought by a person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or right to advancement of expenses hereunder or any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), neither (i) the failure of the Corporation to have made a determination prior to commencement of such suit that indemnification of such person is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standards of conduct under applicable law, nor (ii) an actual determination by the Corporation that such person has not met such applicable standards of conduct, shall create a presumption that such person has not met the applicable standards of conduct or, in a case brought by such person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification, be a defense to such suit.

(d) In any suit brought by a person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), the burden shall be on the Corporation to prove that the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses or the person from whom the Corporation seeks to recover an advancement of expenses is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such an advancement of expenses, under this Article IX or otherwise.

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9.6. Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification. Any indemnification required or permitted under this Article IX (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met all applicable standards of conduct set forth in this Article IX and Section 145 of the DGCL. Such determination shall be made, with respect to a person who is a director or officer of the Corporation at the time of such determination, (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such Proceeding, even though less than a quorum; (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum; (iii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion; or (iv) by the stockholders of the Corporation. Such determination shall be made, with respect to any person who is not a director or officer of the Corporation at the time of such determination, in the manner determined by the board of directors (including in such manner as may be set forth in any general or specific action of the board of directors applicable to indemnification claims by such person) or in the manner set forth in any agreement to which such person and the Corporation are parties.

9.7. Non-Exclusive Rights. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided in this Article XI shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any person may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such director, officer, employee, or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and administrators of such person.

9.8. Insurance, Contracts and Funding. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance at its expense on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of Another Enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article IX or otherwise. The Corporation may enter into contracts with any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or any other party entitled to indemnification pursuant to Section 9.1(a) or Section 9.1(b) hereof, and may create a trust fund, grant a security interest or use other means (including, without limitation, a letter of credit) to ensure the payment of such amounts as may be necessary to effect indemnification as provided or authorized in this Article IX.

9.9. Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article IX shall be held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article XI (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph or clause containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article IX (including, without limitation, each such portion of any paragraph or clause containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal, or unenforceable.

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9.10. Miscellaneous. For purposes of this Article IX: (a) references to serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of Another Enterprise shall include any service as a director or officer of the Corporation that imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan; (b) references to serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee or agent of Another Enterprise shall include any service as an employee or agent of the Corporation that imposes duties on, or involves services by, such employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan; (c) a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; and (d) references to a director of Another Enterprise shall include, in the case of any entity that is not managed by a board of directors, such other position, such as manager or trustee or member of the governing body of such entity, that entails responsibility for the management and direction of such entity’s affairs, including, without limitation, general partner of any partnership (general or limited) and manager or managing member of any limited liability company.

Section 10. CORPORATE SEAL

10.1. Subject to alteration by the directors, the seal of the Corporation shall consist of a flat-faced circular die with the word “Delaware” and the name of the Corporation cut or engraved thereon, together with such other words, dates or images as may be approved from time to time by the directors.

Section 11. EXECUTION OF PAPERS

11.1. Except as the board of directors may generally or in particular cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, bonds, notes, checks, drafts or other obligations made, accepted or endorsed by the Corporation shall be signed by the chairman of the board, if any, the president, a vice president, the secretary or the treasurer.

Section 12. FISCAL YEAR

12.1. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be as fixed by the board of directors.

Section 13. AMENDMENTS

13.1. These bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by vote of a majority of the directors then in office or by vote of a majority of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Any bylaw, whether adopted, amended or repealed by the stockholders or directors, may be amended or reinstated by the stockholders or the directors.

Adopted: October 19, 2022

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EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

Ginkgo Bioworks Completes Acquisition of Zymergen

BOSTON, MA and EMERYVILLE, CA – October 19, 2022 – Today, Ginkgo Bioworks (NYSE: DNA), the leading horizontal platform for cell programming, and Zymergen (Nasdaq: ZY) announced that Ginkgo has completed its previously announced acquisition of Zymergen. The acquisition is expected to significantly enhance Ginkgo’s platform by integrating strong automation and software capabilities as well as a wealth of experience across diverse biological engineering approaches.

“Today marks an important step in our long-term growth as we complete the Zymergen acquisition and welcome their world-class team to Ginkgo,” said Jason Kelly, CEO and co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. “We are excited to integrate Zymergen’s capabilities into our platform and explore new and expanded partnerships and opportunities for their diverse array of product concepts currently under development.”

Under the terms of the merger agreement entered into on July 24, 2022, Zymergen stockholders received, for each share of Zymergen common stock, 0.9179 shares of Ginkgo Class A common stock. Zymergen shares will no longer be traded on Nasdaq. Ginkgo Class A common stock will continue to trade on NYSE under the ticker symbol DNA.

About Ginkgo Bioworks

Ginkgo is building a platform to enable customers to program cells as easily as we can program computers. The company’s platform is enabling biotechnology applications across diverse markets, from food and agriculture to industrial chemicals to pharmaceuticals. Ginkgo has also actively supported a number of COVID-19 response efforts, including K-12 pooled testing, vaccine manufacturing optimization and therapeutics discovery. For more information, visit www.ginkgobioworks.com.

About Zymergen

Zymergen is a biotech company that designs and produces molecules, microbes and materials for diverse end markets. Zymergen partners with nature to make better products, a better way, for a better world.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “explore,” “evaluate,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” or “will,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond Ginkgo’s and Zymergen’s control. Statements in this press release

that are forward-looking, including the expected benefits of Ginkgo’s acquisition of Zymergen, are based on management’s current estimates, assumptions and projections, and are subject to significant uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond Ginkgo’s and Zymergen’s control. These factors include, among other things, general economic and business conditions; changes in global, political, economic, business, competitive, market and regulatory forces; judicial decisions; changes in tax laws, regulations, rates and policies; future business acquisitions or disposals; litigation and the ability of the combined company to protect its intellectual property rights; and the timing and occurrence (or non-occurrence) of other events or circumstances that may be beyond Ginkgo’s and Zymergen’s control. Additional information concerning these risks, uncertainties and assumptions can be found in Ginkgo’s and Zymergen’s respective filings with the SEC, including the risk factors discussed in Ginkgo’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, in Zymergen’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and in Ginkgo’s future filings with the SEC. Important risk factors could cause actual future results and other future events to differ materially from those currently estimated by management, including, but not limited to, the risks that: Ginkgo is unable to achieve the synergies and value creation contemplated by the acquisition; Ginkgo is unable to promptly and effectively integrate Zymergen’s businesses, including retention of key personnel; Ginkgo management’s time and attention is diverted on transaction related issues; disruption from the transaction makes it more difficult to maintain business, contractual and operational relationships; or adverse developments or outcomes of legal proceedings that are pending or instituted against Zymergen, Ginkgo or the combined company. No assurances can be given that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do occur, what impact they will have on the results of operations, financial condition or cash flows of Zymergen or Ginkgo. Should any risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, these developments could have a material adverse effect on Ginkgo’s ability to realize the expected benefits from the acquisition. You are cautioned not to rely on Ginkgo’s and Zymergen’s forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date of such statements. Neither Zymergen nor Ginkgo assumes any duty to update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, as of any future date.

GINKGO BIOWORKS INVESTOR CONTACT:

investors@ginkgobioworks.com

GINKGO BIOWORKS MEDIA CONTACT:

press@ginkgobioworks.com

ZYMERGEN INVESTOR CONTACT:

investors@zymergen.com

XML

Document and Entity Information	Oct. 18, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001645842
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Type	8-K
Document Period End Date	Oct. 18, 2022
Entity Registrant Name	Zymergen Inc.
Entity Incorporation State Country Code	DE
Entity File Number	001-40354
Entity Tax Identification Number	46-2942439
Entity Address, Address Line One	5959 Horton Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 700
Entity Address, City or Town	Emeryville
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
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Local Phone Number	801-8073
Written Communications	false
Soliciting Material	false
Pre Commencement Tender Offer	false
Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer	false
Security 12b Title	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	ZY
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false