New Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Adopted in the Current Year

Presentation of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:

In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2017-07 related to the presentation of net periodic benefit cost (pension and postretirement cost). This ASU became effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2018. Under the new guidance, the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost must be presented in the same statement of income line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. Other components of net periodic benefit cost must be disaggregated from the service cost component in the statements of income and must be presented outside the operating income/(loss) subtotal. Additionally, only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization in assets. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively for the statement of income presentation of service cost components and other net periodic benefit cost components and prospectively for the capitalization of service cost components. There is a practical expedient that allows us to use historical amounts disclosed in our Postemployment Benefits footnote as an estimation basis for retrospectively applying the statement of income presentation requirements. In the first quarter of 2018, we adopted this ASU using the practical expedient described above. There was no impact to our consolidated balance sheet at December 30, 2017 or to our consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. See Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements, for the impacts on our consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Revenue Recognition:

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which superseded previously existing revenue recognition guidance. Under this ASU, companies must apply a five step model to recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU may be applied using a full retrospective method or a modified retrospective transition method, with a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The ASU also provides for certain practical expedients, including the option to expense as incurred the incremental costs of obtaining a contract, if the contract period is for one year or less. This ASU was effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2018. We adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018 using the full retrospective method and the practical expedient described above. Upon adoption, we made the following policy elections: (i) we account for shipping and handling costs as contract fulfillment costs, and (ii) we exclude taxes imposed on and collected from customers in revenue producing transactions (e.g., sales, use, and value added taxes) from the transaction price. The impact of adopting this guidance was immaterial to our financial statements and related disclosures.

Income Tax Impacts of Certain Intercompany Transfers:

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16 related to the income tax accounting impacts of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory, such as intellectual property and property, plant and equipment. Under the new accounting guidance, current and deferred income taxes should be recognized upon transfer of the assets. Previously, recognition of current and deferred income taxes was prohibited until the asset was sold to an external party. This ASU became effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2018. We adopted this new guidance on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment of $95 million to decrease retained earnings in the first quarter of 2018.

Definition of a Business Clarification:

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 clarifying the definition of a business used in determining whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The ASU provides a screen for companies to determine if an integrated set of assets and activities (“set”) is not a business. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. If this screen is not met, the entity then determines if the set meets the minimum requirement of a business. For a set to be a business, it must include an input and a substantive process which together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. This ASU became effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2018. We adopted this ASU on a prospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not impact our financial statements or related disclosures.

Goodwill Impairment Test Simplification:

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 related to goodwill impairment testing. This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new guidance, if a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the entity will record an impairment loss based on that difference. The impairment loss will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Previously, if the fair value of a reporting unit was lower than its carrying amount (Step 1), an entity was required to calculate any impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount (Step 2). Additionally, under the new standard, companies that have reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts will no longer be required to perform the qualitative assessment to determine whether to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. As a result, reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts will generally be expected to pass the simplified impairment test; however, additional disclosure will be required of those companies. We early adopted this guidance on a prospective basis as of April 1, 2018 (our annual impairment testing date in the second quarter of 2018). As a result of adopting this ASU, we no longer perform Step 2 while completing our goodwill impairment testing, beginning with our annual goodwill impairment testing in the second quarter of 2018.

Accounting for Hedging Activities:

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12 related to accounting for hedging activities. This guidance impacted the accounting for financial (e.g., foreign exchange and interest rate) and non-financial (e.g., commodity) hedging activities. We early adopted this guidance on a modified retrospective basis in the third quarter of 2018. Upon adoption, we recognized an insignificant cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings/(deficit). The most significant impacts of adoption are that we now:


•	Recognize changes in the fair value of excluded components in net income/(loss) in the current period or in other comprehensive income/(loss) (and then amortize into net income/(loss) over the life of the hedging relationship);

•

Defer changes in the spot rate of the hedging instrument into other comprehensive income/(loss), while the excluded component (i.e., forward points or option premiums or discounts) is amortized into net income/(loss) over the life of the hedging relationship. When the excluded component is released or the forecasted transaction occurs, it is recognized in the same income statement line item affected by the hedged item; and


•	Present additional details in our tabular disclosures in the footnotes to the financial statements.

Additionally, ASU 2017-12 eliminated the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness; therefore, we removed disclosures related to hedge ineffectiveness. See our consolidated statements of other comprehensive income, Note 3, Significant Accounting Policies, Note 14, Financial Instruments, and Note 15, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Losses), for updated disclosures pursuant to ASU 2017-12.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Leases:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. The updated guidance requires lessees to reflect the majority of leases on their balance sheets as assets and obligations. This ASU will be effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method. The ASU also provides for certain practical expedients. Among the practical expedients is an optional transition method that allows companies to apply the guidance at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings/(deficit) on the adoption date. We plan to elect this practical expedient upon adoption. We also plan to elect the package of practical expedients that will allow us to carry forward our determination of whether a lease exists, the classification of a lease, and whether initial direct lease costs exist for purposes of transition to the new standard. We do not expect to use the hindsight practical expedient. We do plan to elect the land easement option, which will allow us to continue to use prior accounting conclusions reached in our accounting for land easements. We also plan to elect the short-term lease exemption whereby we will not record an asset or liability for short-term leases. We have completed our scoping reviews, identified our significant leases by geography and by asset type, and developed our accounting policies and expected policy elections, which will take effect upon adoption of the standard. We have executed our lease data extraction strategy and completed data extraction efforts. Our identified accounting system, which will support the future state leasing process, is also ready for implementation. We have completed our future state process design as part of the overall system implementation. Upon adoption, we expect that our financial statement disclosures will be expanded to present additional details of our leasing arrangements. We expect this guidance to have a significant impact on our financial statements. We currently estimate that, upon adoption, we will have total lease assets between approximately $750 million and $910 million and total lease liabilities between approximately $810 million and $990 million. We will adopt this ASU on the first day of our fiscal year 2019.

Measurement of Current Expected Credit Losses:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 to update the methodology used to measure current expected credit losses (“CECL”). This ASU applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases, and trade accounts receivable as well as certain off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as loan commitments. This ASU replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology to reflect CECL and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to explain credit loss estimates. The guidance must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings/(deficit) in the period of adoption. This ASU will be effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on our financial statements and related disclosures as well as the timing of adoption.

Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 related to reclassifying tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(losses) because of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Reform”) enacted on December 22, 2017. U.S. Tax Reform reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of such changes in tax laws or rates to be presented in net income/(loss) from continuing operations. However, the related tax effects of such deferred tax assets and liabilities may have been originally recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss). This ASU allows companies to reclassify such stranded tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(losses) to retained earnings/(deficit). This reclassification adjustment is optional, and if elected, may be applied either to the period of adoption or retrospectively to the period(s) impacted by U.S. Tax Reform. Additionally, this ASU requires companies to disclose the policy election for stranded tax effects as well as the general accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(losses). This ASU will be effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this ASU on the first day of our fiscal year 2019 and will make the policy election to reclassify stranded tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(losses) to retained earnings/(deficit). We currently estimate the increase to retained earnings/(deficit) upon adoption will be between approximately $130 million and $140 million.

Fair Value Measurement Disclosures:

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 related to fair value measurement disclosures. This ASU removes the requirement to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for determining that a transfer has occurred, and valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. Additionally, this ASU modifies the disclosures related to the measurement uncertainty for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements (by removing the requirement to disclose sensitivity to future changes) and the timing of liquidation of investee assets (by removing the timing requirement in certain instances). The guidance also requires new disclosures for Level 3 financial assets and liabilities, including the amount and location of unrealized gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss) and additional information related to significant unobservable inputs used in determining Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU will be effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020. Early adoption of the guidance in whole is permitted. Alternatively, companies may early adopt removed or modified disclosures and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. Certain of the amendments in this ASU must be applied prospectively upon adoption, while other amendments must be applied retrospectively upon adoption. We elected to early adopt the provisions related to removing disclosures in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year 2018 on a retrospective basis. Accordingly, we have removed information related to our valuation process for Level 3 fair value measurements for pension plan investments within Note 13, Postemployment Benefits. We also removed information about the amount of and reasons for transfers between Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy from Note 14, Financial Instruments. There was no other impact to our financial statement disclosures as a result of early adopting the provisions related to removing disclosures. We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of the provisions related to modifying and adding disclosures as well as the timing of adoption.

Disclosure Requirements for Certain Employer-Sponsored Benefit Plans:

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 related to the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The guidance requires sponsors of these plans to provide additional disclosures, including weighted-average interest rates used in the company’s cash balance plans and a narrative description of reasons for any significant gains or losses impacting the benefit obligation for the period. Additionally, this guidance eliminates certain previous disclosure requirements. This ASU will be effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020. Early adoption is permitted. This guidance must be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on our financial statements and related disclosures as well as the timing of adoption.

Implementation Costs Incurred in Hosted Cloud Computing Service Arrangements:

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 related to accounting for implementation costs incurred in hosted cloud computing service arrangements. Under the new guidance, implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract should be expensed or capitalized based on the nature of the costs and the project stage during which such costs are incurred. If the implementation costs qualify for capitalization, they must be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement and assessed for impairment. Companies must disclose the nature of any hosted cloud computing service arrangements. This ASU also provides guidance for balance sheet and income statement presentation of capitalized implementation costs and statement of cash flows presentation for the related payments. This ASU will be effective beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period. This guidance may be adopted either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on our financial statements and related disclosures as well as the timing of adoption and the application method.