Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

The Company is authorized to issue 410,000,000 shares of capital stock of which 400,000,000 shares are designated as common stock and 10,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock, all with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held. The common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights, and is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions. Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if the board

of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that the board of directors may determine.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no common stock dividends had been declared by the board of directors.

Registered Direct Offering

In May 2022, the Company issued and sold 430,107 shares of common stock at an offering price of $40.00 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 694,892 shares of common ctock at an offering price of $39.9975 per warrant (representing the price per share of common stock sold in the offering minus the $0.0025 exercise price per warrant) in a registered direct offering pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering were approximately $42.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering costs of $2.1 million.

June 2023 PIPE

In June 2023, in connection with the Asset Acquisition, the Company issued and sold 721,452 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at $291.08 per share through a private placement to a group of accredited investors. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $197.3 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering costs of $12.7 million.

December 2023 PIPE

In December 2023, the Company issued and sold 6,000,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $15.00 per share and 150,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at $600 per share through a private placement to a group of accredited investors. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $169.1 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering costs of $10.9 million.

March 2024 PIPE

On March 18, 2024, in connection with the March 2024 PIPE, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its Series B Certificate of Designation to increase the number of authorized shares of Series B Preferred Stock from 150,000 to 271,625.

On March 20, 2024, as part of the March 2024 PIPE, the Company completed a private placement of 121,625 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at an offering price of $1,480 per share. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $168.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering costs of $11.2 million.

September 2024 ATM Facility

On September 6, 2024, the Company filed a new shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that was declared effective by the SEC for the potential offering, issuance and sale by the Company of up to $500.0 million of the Company's common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units consisting of all or some of these securities. Concurrent with the filing of the shelf-registration statement, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with TD Cowen, as its sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock for an aggregate offering price of up to $200.0 million under an ATM offering program included in the shelf registration. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold an aggregate of 777,432 shares of common stock under the ATM at an average price per share of $26.935 resulting in net proceeds of $20.5 million, after deducting sales agent commissions and other offering costs of $0.4 million. As of February 27, 2025, $179.1 million remained available for sale under the Sales Agreement.

November 2024 Underwritten Offering

On November 18, 2024, the Company entered into the Underwriting Agreement with the Underwriters, pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate of 8,366,250 shares of common stock, at a public offering

price per share of $27.50, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $215.9 million, after deducting approximately $14.2 million of underwriting discounts and other offering costs. The November 2024 Offering closed on November 20, 2024 and the over-allotment option was exercised in full on November 26, 2024 and closed on November 29, 2024.

Parapyre Warrants

The Company settled its 2024 and 2023 obligations under the Parapyre Option Obligation by issuing Parapyre 848,184 and 684,407 warrants, respectively, to purchase the Company's common stock, at an exercise price per share per warrant of $23.28 and $21.52, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, none of the warrants issued under the Parapyre Option Obligation have been exercised. See Note 15 for additional information on the Parapyre Option Obligation.

Pre-Funded Warrants

In May 2022, the Company issued pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of its common stock in underwritten public offerings at the offering price of the common stock, less the $0.0025 per share exercise price of each warrant. The warrants were recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and have no expiration date. Per the terms of the warrant agreements, the outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company's common stock may not be exercised if the holder’s ownership of the Company's common stock would exceed 4.99% (“Maximum Ownership Percentage”) or 9.99% for certain holders. By written notice to the Company, each holder may increase or decrease the Maximum Ownership Percentage to any other percentage (not in excess of 19.90% for the majority of such warrants). The revised Maximum Ownership Percentage would be effective 61 days after the notice is received by the Company. As of December 31, 2024, all pre-funded warrants have been exercised and none remain outstanding.

Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock

On June 22, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series A Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series A Certificate of Designation”) in connection with the Asset Acquisition and the June 2023 PIPE.

Pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designation, holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends on shares of Series A Preferred Stock equal to, on an as-if-converted-to-common stock basis, and in the same form as, dividends actually paid on shares of the Company's common stock. Except as provided in the Series A Certificate of Designation or as otherwise required by law, the Series A Preferred Stock does not have voting rights. However, as long as any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company will not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock: (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series A Preferred Stock, or alter or amend the Series A Certificate of Designation, amend or repeal any provision of, or add any provision to, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or its Bylaws, or file any articles of amendment, certificate of designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights of any series of preferred stock, if such action would adversely alter or change the preferences, rights, privileges or powers of, or restrictions provided for the benefit of the Series A Preferred Stock, regardless of whether any of the foregoing actions will be by means of amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation or by merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, conversion or otherwise, (b) issue further shares of Series A Preferred Stock or increase or decrease (other than by conversion) the number of authorized shares of Series A Preferred Stock, (c) prior to the stockholder approval of the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock into shares of common stock in accordance with Nasdaq Stock Market Rules (the “Series A Conversion Proposal”) or at any time while at least 30% of the originally issued Series A Preferred Stock remains issued and outstanding, consummate (x) any Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designation) or (y) any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity or any stock sale to, or other business combination in which our stockholders immediately before such transaction do not hold at least a majority of our capital stock immediately after such transaction or (d) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. The Series A Preferred Stock does not have a preference upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.

The Company held a stockholders’ meeting to submit the following matters to its stockholders for their consideration: (i) the approval of the Series A Conversion Proposal, and (ii) if deemed necessary or appropriate by the Company or as otherwise required by law or contract, the approval of an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to authorize sufficient shares of common stock for the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement. In connection with these matters, the Company filed with the SEC a definitive proxy statement and other relevant materials.

On June 26, 2023, the Company completed a private placement of 721,452 shares of June 2023 PIPE Securities at $291.08 per share in exchange for net proceeds of $197.3 million after deducting placement agent fees and offering costs of $12.7 million.

On July 7, 2023, the Company issued 364,887 shares of Series A Preferred Stock as part of its consideration transferred in connection with the Asset Acquisition that closed on June 22, 2023 which settled the related forward contract liability. For additional information, see Note 3.

On November 21, 2023, the Company's stockholders approved the Series A Conversion Proposal, among other matters, at a special meeting of stockholders. As a result of the approval of the Series A Conversion Proposal, all conditions that could have required cash redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock were satisfied. Since the Series A Preferred Stock is no longer redeemable, the associated balances of the Series A Preferred Stock were reclassified from mezzanine equity to permanent equity during the fourth quarter of 2023.

Following stockholder approval of the Series A Conversion Proposal, each share of Series A Preferred Stock automatically converted into 40 shares of the Company's common stock, subject to certain limitations, including that a holder of Series A Preferred Stock is prohibited from converting shares of Series A Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than a specified percentage (established by the holder between 0.0% and 19.9%) of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. 649,302 shares of Series A Preferred Stock automatically converted to 25,972,080 shares of common stock; 437,037 shares of Series A Preferred Stock did not automatically convert and remained outstanding following the conversion. This conversion was recorded as a reclassification between Series A Preferred Stock and common stock based on the historical per-share contributed capital amount of the Series A Preferred Stock.

On April 23, 2024, in connection with the April 2024 Exchange, the Stockholder agreed to exchange an aggregate of 90,992 shares of Series A Preferred Stock for an aggregate of 3,639,680 shares of the Company's common stock. This exchange was recorded as a reclassification between Series A Preferred Stock and common stock based on the historical per-share contributed capital amount, inclusive of any forward-contract valuation adjustments, of the Series A Preferred Stock. Following the April 2024 Exchange, 346,045 shares of Series A Preferred Stock remained outstanding.

Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock

On December 8, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series B Certificate of Designation”) in connection with the December 2023 PIPE.

Pursuant to the Series B Certificate of Designation, holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends on shares of Series B Preferred Stock equal to, on an as-if-converted-to-common stock basis, and in the same form as, dividends actually paid on shares of Company common stock. Except as provided in the Series B Certificate of Designation or as otherwise required by law, the Series B Preferred Stock does not have voting rights. However, as long as any shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company will not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Series B Preferred Stock, alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series B Preferred Stock, or alter or amend the Series B Certificate of Designation, amend or repeal any provision of, or add any provision to, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or its Bylaws, or file any articles of amendment, certificate of designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights of any series of preferred stock, if such action would adversely alter or change the preferences, rights, privileges or powers of, or restrictions provided

for the benefit of the Series B Preferred Stock, regardless of whether any of the foregoing actions will be by means of amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation or by merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, conversion or otherwise. The Series B Preferred Stock does not have a preference upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.

On December 11, 2023, as part of the December 2023 PIPE, the Company completed a private placement of 150,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at $600 per share in exchange for net proceeds of $84.6 million after deducting placement and offering costs of $5.4 million.

On March 18, 2024, in connection with the March 2024 PIPE, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its Series B Certificate of Designation to increase the number of authorized shares of Series B Preferred Stock from 150,000 to 271,625.

On March 20, 2024, as part of the March 2024 PIPE, the Company completed a private placement of 121,625 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at $1,480 per share in exchange for net proceeds of approximately $168.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering costs of $11.2 million.

On May 14, 2024, the Company's stockholders approved the issuance of Company common stock upon the conversion of all issued and outstanding Series B Preferred Stock into shares of common stock in accordance with the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules (the "Series B Conversion Proposal"), among other matters, at its 2024 annual meeting of stockholders. As a result of the approval of the Series B Conversion Proposal, all conditions that could have required cash redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock were satisfied. Since the Series B Preferred Stock is no longer redeemable, the associated balances of the Series B Preferred Stock were reclassified from mezzanine equity to permanent equity during the second quarter of 2024.

Following stockholder approval of the Series B Conversion Proposal, each share of Series B Preferred Stock will automatically convert into 40 shares of the Company's common stock, subject to certain limitations, including that a holder of Series B Preferred Stock is prohibited from converting shares of Series B Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than a specified percentage (established by the holder between 0% and 19.9%) of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. 254,958 shares of Series B Preferred Stock automatically converted to 10,198,320 shares of common stock; 16,667 shares of Series B Preferred Stock did not automatically convert and remain outstanding as of December 31, 2024 due to beneficial ownership limitations. This conversion was recorded as a reclassification between Series B Preferred Stock and common stock based on the historical per-share contributed capital amount of the Series B Preferred Stock.