As submitted confidentially with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2015
This draft registration statement has not been publicly filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
and all information herein remains strictly confidential.
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
WINGSTOP INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 5812 | 47-3494862 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) |
5501 LBJ Freeway, 5th Floor,
Dallas, Texas 75240
(972) 686-6500
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
Charles R. Morrison
President and Chief Executive Officer
Wingstop Inc.
5501 LBJ Freeway, 5th Floor,
Dallas, Texas 75240
(972) 686-6500
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
with copies to:
Keith M. Townsend, Esq. | Marc D. Jaffe, Esq. | |
King & Spalding LLP | Ian D. Schuman, Esq. | |
1180 Peachtree Street, N.E. | Latham & Watkins LLP | |
Atlanta, GA 30309 | 885 Third Avenue | |
Telephone: (404) 572-4600 | New York, NY 10022 | |
Facsimile: (404) 572-5100 | Telephone: (212) 906-1200 | |
Facsimile: (212) 751-4864 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ¨
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):
Larger accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | x (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of each class of securities to be registered |
Proposed maximum aggregate offering price (1)(2) |
Amount of registration fee | ||
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |
$ | $ | ||
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(1) | Includes shares issuable upon exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares from us and the selling stockholders. See Underwriting. |
(2) | Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Registration Statement on Form S-1, or the Registration Statement, is being filed by Wingstop Inc., a newly formed Delaware corporation, or the Registrant, in connection with a proposed registered public offering of shares of its common stock. Prior to the completion of a reorganization, which will occur prior to the effective date of this Registration Statement, Wingstop Inc. is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, a Georgia corporation, which is currently the holding company for the business described in the prospectus that is part of this Registration Statement. In connection with the completion of the offering, Wing Stop Holding Corporation will merge with and into the Registrant, with the Registrant as the surviving corporation in the merger.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Issued , 2015
shares
Common stock
This is the initial public offering of Wingstop Inc. We are offering shares of common stock and the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus are offering shares of common stock. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares being sold by the selling stockholders in this offering.
No public market currently exists for our shares. We intend to apply for listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, or Nasdaq, under the symbol WING. The estimated initial public offering price is expected to be between $ and $ per share.
We are an emerging growth company as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. See Prospectus SummaryEmerging Growth Company Status.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See Risk Factors beginning on page 19.
Price to public |
Underwriting discounts and commissions |
Proceeds, before expenses to us (1) |
Proceeds, before expenses to the selling stockholders |
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Per share |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
(1) | We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain FINRA-related expenses. See Underwriters. |
The underwriters may also exercise their option to purchase up to an additional shares of common stock from us and up to an additional shares from the selling stockholders. The underwriters can exercise this option at any time within 30 days from the date of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock on or about , 2015.
Morgan Stanley | Jefferies | Baird |
, 2015
WELCOME TO WINGSTOP
Were not in the wing business. Were in the flavor business. Its been our mission to serve the world flavor since we first opened shop in 94, and were just getting started.
Its flavor that defines us. It inspires our fans and fuels their crave. Its our unfair advantage and has made Wingstop one of the fastest growing brands in the restaurant industry. Were tough to forget. Because when you crave wings, ordinary just wont do.
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS |
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F-1 |
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free-writing prospectus we may specifically authorize to be delivered or made available to you. Neither we, the selling stockholders, nor the underwriters (or any of our or their respective affiliates) authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. Neither we, the selling stockholders, nor the underwriters (or any of our or their respective affiliates) take any responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where such offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus or any free-writing prospectus is accurate only as of its date, regardless of its time of delivery or the time of any sale of shares of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
Until , 2015 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade shares of our common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the dealers obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
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MARKET DATA AND FORECASTS
Unless otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus concerning economic conditions, our industry, our markets and our competitive position is based on a variety of sources, including information from independent industry analysts and publications, as well as our own estimates and research. The term designated market area, or DMA, refers to a geographic area as defined by Nielsen Media Research Company as a group of counties that make up a particular media market. Technomic, Inc. is a leading restaurant industry consulting and researching firm.
Our estimates are derived from publicly available information released by third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on such data and our knowledge of our industry, which we believe to be reasonable. None of the independent industry publications used in this prospectus were prepared on our behalf.
TRADEMARKS AND TRADE NAMES
This prospectus includes our trademarks, such as WING-STOP®; Wing-StopThe Wing Experts; WINGSTOP; THE WING EXPERTS and THE BONELESS WING EXPERTS, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are the property of Wingstop Inc. or its subsidiaries. Solely for convenience, trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, TM or SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, service marks and trade names. This prospectus may also contain trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Except where the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated, the terms Wingstop, we, us, our, our company and our business refer collectively to, prior to the completion of the reorganization described in this prospectus, Wing Stop Holding Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries and, after the completion of the reorganization, Wingstop Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. On , 2015, Wing Stop Holding Corporation merged with and into Wingstop Inc., a newly formed, wholly owned Delaware subsidiary of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, with Wingstop Inc. as the surviving corporation in the merger. Wingstop Restaurants Inc. is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Wingstop Inc. and is the franchisor of all Wingstop franchised restaurants and the lessee, owner and operator of all company-owned restaurants. Accordingly, any references to Wingstop, we, us, our, our company or our business in the context of domestic and international franchising activities, domestic and international franchised restaurants and the leasing, ownership or operations of company-owned restaurants should be read as a reference to Wingstop Restaurants Inc. The term selling stockholders refers to the entities named herein (other than the company) that intend to sell shares in this offering. RC II WS LLC, a Georgia limited liability company, or RC II WS, is our majority stockholder.
Throughout this prospectus, we provide a number of key performance indicators used by management and typically used by our competitors in the restaurant industry, including same store sales, system-wide sales and average unit volume. Same store sales reflect the change in year-over-year sales for the same store base, which includes restaurants open for at least 52 weeks, system-wide sales represent net sales for all company-owned and franchised restaurants and average unit volume, or AUV, consists of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for a trailing 52-week period or longer. Unless otherwise indicated, references to domestic same store sales and domestic AUV include both domestic franchised restaurants and domestic company-owned restaurants. These and other key performance indicators are discussed in more detail in the section entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsKey Performance
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Indicators. In this prospectus, we also reference EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP financial measures. See Prospectus SummarySelected Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data for a discussion of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as well as a reconciliation of those measures to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure required by, or presented in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP.
Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday of each calendar year. Our most recent fiscal year ended on December 27, 2014. Fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 were 52-week years, fiscal year 2011 was a 53-week year and fiscal years 2015 and 2016 are 52-week and 53-week years, respectively. References to fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 and references to 2014, 2013 and 2012 are references to the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively. Our fiscal quarters are comprised of 13 weeks each, except for 53-week fiscal years for which the fourth quarter will be comprised of 14 weeks, and end on the 13th Saturday of each quarter (14th Saturday of the fourth quarter, when applicable). For purposes of same store sales and AUV calculations in 53-week fiscal years, we do not include the 53rd week of the fiscal year.
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This summary highlights significant aspects of our business and this offering that appear later in this prospectus, but it is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making your investment decision. You should read carefully the entire prospectus, especially the information set forth under Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision.
OVERVIEW
#TheWingExperts
Wingstop is a high-growth franchisor and operator of restaurants that specialize in cooked-to-order, hand-sauced and tossed chicken wings. Founded in 1994 in Garland, Texas, we believe we pioneered the concept of wings as a center-of-the-plate item for all of our meal occasions. We offer our guests 11 bold, distinctive and craveable flavors on our bone-in and boneless chicken wings paired with hand-cut, seasoned fries and sides made fresh daily. Our menu is highly customizable for different dining occasions, and we believe it delivers a compelling value proposition for groups, families, and individuals. Our average transaction size in 2014 was $15.61, as a result of our large, value-oriented family packs, as well as meals for two and individual combo meals, which start at approximately $8. Additionally, carry-out orders constituted approximately 75% of our sales during the same time period. Our concept has received numerous accolades, including recognition in 2014 as the Best Chicken Wings in the U.S. by Food and Wine, the #3 Fastest-Growing Chain by Nations Restaurant News, and the Best Franchise Deal in North America by QSR Magazine.
We are the largest fast casual chicken wings-focused restaurant chain in the world, and have demonstrated strong, consistent growth on a national scale. We have sold approximately 4 billion wings over the last 20 years, as we grew to 712 restaurants across 36 states and 6 countries, as of December 27, 2014. Wings are our center-of-the-plate specialty. While other concepts include wings as add-on menu items or focus on wings in a bar or sports-centric setting, we are singularly focused on wings, fries and sides, which generate approximately 90% of our sales. We have broad and growing consumer appeal anchored by a sought after core demographic of 18-34 year old Millennials, which we believe is a loyal consumer group that dines at fast casual restaurants more frequently. Increasing customer loyalty and brand awareness have enabled us to deliver positive domestic same store sales for 11 consecutive years through 2014, while growing our restaurant count at a 15.3% compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, over the same timeframe.
As of December 27, 2014, our restaurant base was 97% franchised, with 693 franchised locations (including 41 international locations) and 19 company-owned restaurants. We believe our simple and efficient restaurant operating model, low initial cash investment and compelling restaurant economics help drive continued system growth through both existing and new franchisees. Our wings, fries, sides, repeat restaurant operating model requires few ingredients and easy preparation within a small, flexible real estate footprint. We believe we offer an attractive investment opportunity for our franchisees as evidenced by our domestic average sales-to-investment ratio of 2.9x and the 37.5% increase in domestic restaurant count since the end of 2011. We believe our asset-light, highly-franchised business model generates strong operating margins and requires low capital expenditures, creating shareholder value through strong and consistent free cash flow and capital-efficient growth.
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#ExceptionalFinancialPerformance
We believe our bold flavors, compelling value proposition, strong base of franchisees, growing brand awareness and focused development strategy drive strong operating results, as illustrated by the following:
| Domestic restaurant count has increased 37.5% since the end of 2011, with the pace of restaurant openings increasing each year; |
| We have grown domestic same store sales 11 consecutive years through 2014, which includes three-year cumulative domestic same store sales growth of 36.2% since 2011; and |
| On a year-over-year basis, for fiscal year 2014, our total revenue increased by 14.3% to $67.4 million, our Adjusted EBITDA increased by 25.0% to $24.4 million, our Adjusted EBITDA margin increased 310 basis points to 36.1%, and our net income increased by 19.3% to $9.0 million. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP metric, to net income, see Summary Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data. |
The graphs below highlight the consistency of our exceptional performance and growth across our key metrics, including restaurant expansion and system-wide sales, domestic same store sales and domestic AUV.
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OUR STRENGTHS
#UnleashTheFlavor
Wingstop is the destination when our guests crave fresh, cooked-to-order wings with bold, layered flavors that touch all of the senses. People who prioritize flavor prioritize Wingstopbecause it is more than a meal, it is a flavor experience. We speak in bold, distinctive and craveable flavors. Our dialect is our 11 proprietary flavors, presented here in order from most spicy to least:
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Our diverse flavor offerings allow our guests to customize their experience. All of our wings are cooked-to-order, hand-sauced and tossed and served fresh to our guests for dine-in or carry-out. We never use heat lamps or microwaves in the preparation of our food. To complement our wings, we serve hand-cut, freshly-prepared seasoned fries, crafted from carefully-selected whole Russet potatoes. We complete the flavor experience with fresh carrots and celery and ranch and bleu cheese dips made from buttermilk in-house daily, as well as freshly-prepared side items, including coleslaw, bourbon baked beans, potato salad and freshly-baked yeast rolls. We believe our bold and distinctive flavors leave our guests craving more and create a differentiated and tailor-made flavor experience that drives repeat business and brand loyalty.
Our customizable menu and craveable flavors drive demand across multiple day-parts and occasions. Our 11 flavors, signature fries, freshly-prepared sides and numerous order options (eat-in / to go, individual / combo meals / family packs) allow guests to eat Wingstop during any occasion, whether it is a quick carry-out snack, dine-in dinner with friends or picking up a party size order for their favorite sporting event. Since our inception, we have received numerous accolades from both consumers and industry-leading publications for the quality of our food offering and strong brand appeal, including:
| Best Chicken Wings in the U.S., Food and Wine (2014); and |
| Best Menu Variety and Best Craveability, Nations Restaurant News (2014). |
#CompellingUnitEconomics
We believe the growing popularity of the Wingstop experience and the operational simplicity of our restaurants translate into attractive economics at our franchised and company-owned locations. Our compelling franchisee investment opportunity has been recognized across the industry, including by QSR magazine, which in 2014 named us The Best Franchise Deal in North America amongst fast casual and QSR brands. Additionally, existing franchisees accounted for approximately 69% of franchised restaurants opened in 2013 and 2014, which we believe further underscores our restaurant models financial appeal.
Our restaurants do not generally experience a honeymoon period of higher sales upon opening, but instead typically build year over year. Our domestic AUV has grown consistently, achieving $1.07 million during fiscal year 2014. In addition, new restaurant sales volumes in the first year of operation have improved 43% since 2006, with the 2013 new restaurants openings averaging approximately $820,000 during their first 52 weeks of operations, accelerating our franchisees return on investment. Our restaurants are approximately 1,700 square feet on average and yield average sales per square foot of $631 based on 2014 domestic AUV due to the high average domestic carry-out mix of 75% in 2014. Our operational simplicity results in low labor costs, further improving the profitability of our concept. Our operating model targets a low average estimated initial investment of approximately $370,000, excluding real estate purchase or lease costs and pre-opening expenses. In year two of operation, we believe that, on average, our franchisees can achieve an unlevered cash-on-cash return, which is defined as restaurant-level operating profit after royalties and advertising fund contributions, divided by initial investment costs, of approximately 35% to 40%. We believe low entry costs and high returns provide a compelling investment opportunity for our franchisees that has helped drive the continued growth of our system.
#ProvenPortability
Our concept is successful across the United States, with restaurants operating in 36 states across varying geographic regions, population densities and real estate settings. We have had positive same store sales growth across a wide variety of major markets over the last three years, including Dallas / Ft. Worth, Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay area, Chicago, Houston, San Antonio, Miami, Denver and Memphis. Broad appeal and the simplicity of our restaurant operating model have supported our success across the country. While our concept has succeeded in a variety of real estate formats and locations, our preferred real estate site is an in-line or end-
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cap retail strip center location available in most shopping centers. The flexibility of our real estate model coupled with the broad appeal of our food has enabled us and our franchisees to locate profitable restaurants in both urban and suburban areas throughout the country. Accordingly, we believe our concept is well-positioned for continued system growth in both existing and new markets.
#SocialEngagement
We believe we have developed a broad, loyal and diverse guest base which is attracted to Wingstop by the unique flavor experience, product quality, brand personality and the convivial nature of eating wings. While we appeal to a broad demographic, we have been particularly successful at actively engaging the coveted Millennial consumer. Millennials leverage technology via smartphones and social media to connect with each other, search out dining experiences and voice their opinions, and we engage them on all of these fronts. We take pride in connecting with our guests, both inside and outside of our restaurants.
We believe much of our growth is attributable to our focus on meaningful consumer engagement, fueled by social media. We actively engage our core audience in conversation through key social media channels, which in turn drives our editorial calendar and advertising content. As of December 27, 2014, we had 601,462 Facebook followers, 82,494 Twitter followers and 20,667 Instagram followers, representing year-over-year growth of 145%, 147% and 464%, respectively. According to a report published by Forbes in November 2014, 30% of our almost 1 million followers across all social media platforms engage with our content over a period of 30 days, compared to an average 3% for the top 25 restaurants in social media cited in the same study. Our social game is just as strong as our wing game and we believe that this continues to inspire brand loyalty and repeat visits to our restaurants.
#StrengthInNumbers
We have demonstrated a consistent track record of strong financial performance:
| Domestic same store sales increased 13.8% in 2012, 9.9% in 2013 and 12.5% in 2014, representing three year cumulative domestic same store sales growth of 36.2%, driven primarily by an increase in transactions, which demonstrates the growing awareness and popularity of our brand; |
| Our domestic same store sales growth is even more meaningful given that we have had 11 consecutive years of positive same store sales; |
| From 2012 to 2014, our system-wide sales increased from $457 million to $679 million, which represents growth of 48.4% over the period; |
| Total revenue increased from $51.6 million in 2012, to $59.0 million in 2013, to $67.4 million in 2014, our Adjusted EBITDA increased from $15.6 million, to $19.5 million, to $24.4 million, respectively, and our net income grew from $3.6 million, to $7.5 million, to $9.0 million, respectively; and |
| From 2012 to 2014, our Adjusted EBITDA margin increased from 30.3% in 2012, to 33.0% in 2013, to 36.1% in 2014, while our capital expenditures were 3.1%, 3.6% and 2.2% of revenue, respectively, leading to high cash flow conversion. |
#OurCrew
Our strategic vision and results-driven culture are directed by our executive management team under the leadership of our President and Chief Executive Officer, Charlie Morrison. Charlie joined Wingstop in 2012, bringing more than 20 years of experience in the restaurant and multi-unit retail industry, including leadership positions at Pizza Hut, Boston Market, Kinkos, Steak & Ale and, most recently, Rave Restaurant Group, where
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he served as Chief Executive Officer and led the creation of the award winning Pie Five restaurant concept. Charlie is supported by a strong executive team with significant retail and restaurant experience. Bill Engen, our Chief Operating Officer, previously was the Senior Vice President of Eastern Operations at 7-Eleven, overseeing approximately 4,000 stores. Our Chief Financial Officer, Mike Mravle, came to us from Bloomin Brands, where he was the Chief Financial Officer of the U.S. segment. Heading up our marketing efforts is Flynn Dekker, who has over 20 years of experience and was previously the Chief Marketing Officer of Fogo de Chao and Rave Restaurant Group. Dave Vernon, our Chief Development Officer, joined us from Sonic Corporation, where he was Vice President of Franchise Sales, and brings 25 years of experience in the restaurant industry to oversee our franchise development efforts. Jay Young, our General Counsel, joined us from CEC Entertainment Inc., the parent company of Chuck E. Cheese, where he was Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Completing our executive team is Stacy Peterson, our Chief Information Officer, who has over 15 years of information technology experience at multi-unit retailers, including Blockbuster and Kinkos. We believe our management team is a key driver of our success and positions us well for long-term growth.
OUR GROWTH STRATEGY
#SpreadOurWings
We believe that there is significant opportunity to expand in the United States, and we intend to focus our efforts on increasing our geographic penetration in both existing and new markets. We believe our highly-franchised model positions us for continued strong unit growth over the medium and long-term. We expect high franchisee demand for our brand, supported by compelling unit economics, operational simplicity, low entry costs and flexible real estate profile, to drive domestic restaurant growth. Based on our internal analysis, we believe there is opportunity for our brand to grow to approximately 2,500 restaurants across the United States.
We intend to achieve our domestic restaurant potential by expanding in our existing markets, where we believe we have the opportunity to more than double our current restaurant count. In addition, we will continue to expand into new markets. Our inside out domestic market expansion strategy focuses our initial development in urban centers where our core demographic is most densely populated and then builds outward into suburban areas as our brand awareness grows in the market. We have a robust domestic development pipeline including 503 total commitments to open new franchised restaurants as of December 27, 2014. Approximately 63% of our current domestic commitments are from existing franchisees, supporting the attractiveness of our restaurant business model as well as our positive franchisor / franchisee relationships. We believe that our highly-franchised business model provides a platform for continued growth as it allows us to focus on our core strengths of flavor innovation, marketing and guest engagement, and franchisee selection and support, while growing our restaurant presence and brand recognition with limited capital investment by us.
We also believe that there is significant international growth opportunity. We opened our first international location in Mexico in 2009. As of December 27, 2014, we had 41 international restaurants located in Indonesia, Mexico, the Philippines, Russia and Singapore, all of which were franchised. In 2014, we opened 20 international locations. We currently have 310 international restaurant commitments sold as of December 27, 2014, and our first location in the United Arab Emirates opened in 2015. We believe that our restaurant operating model will translate well internationally based on our small real estate footprint, our simplicity of operations, the universal and broad appeal of chicken, and our ability to customize our wide variety of flavors to local tastes.
#KeepItGrowing
| Flavor Innovation |
We plan to leverage flavor innovation to drive restaurant traffic and social media engagement. We do not have limited time offers; instead, we have limited time flavor events that pique our guests interest and drive
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frequency of visit. We approach additions to our menu as a conversation between us and our guests and make changes only after intense scrutiny in our test kitchen. For example, our Mango Habanero flavor was introduced as a limited time flavor event. When the flavor event ended, overwhelming demand from our highly-engaged social following to bring it back influenced us to return it to the menu as a permanent flavor. We do not believe in off-the-shelf flavors and are careful not to crowd the menu with too many flavors or any flavors the development of which has not received the attention and care that our guests expect. We anticipate that our powerful and selective flavor innovation will continue to drive domestic same store sales growth.
| Improve Efficiency to Drive Sales |
We are making focused investments in technology and restaurant design to increase the efficiency of our model and drive increased revenue. We are in the process of rolling out a single integrated point-of-sale system, or POS system. We also launched an updated online ordering system and mobile ordering application, or app, in 2014, that simplifies the ordering process and integrates into our POS system, uniting online and register ordering across our system for the first time. We believe that we can continue to grow sales through integration of orders through our website and app. As an example, since the implementation of our new online ordering platform and app in September 2014, online ordering increased from less than 7% of sales during the nine months preceding the launch of the new online ordering platform and app to over 10% of sales during the fourth quarter of 2014. Additionally, average transaction size for online orders is approximately $5 higher than the average for all other orders. As guests ordering preferences continue to shift online, we will implement a new front counter design in our existing and new restaurants, creating a dedicated queuing area for guests to efficiently pick up their prepaid online orders.
| Grow Brand Awareness |
We believe our strong domestic same store sales growth has been supported by growing brand awareness as our concept has expanded. Franchisees in our 13 most penetrated markets have formed advertising co-ops at our direction to leverage their collective local marketing spend to buy traditional and digital media more efficiently. As our restaurant base continues to grow and we further penetrate existing and new markets, we expect to add more advertising co-ops in markets where efficient media purchasing can be achieved. Over time, we believe increased marketing funds contributed to our ad fund combined with local co-op spending will yield sufficient funds to efficiently purchase traditional and digital media nationally to further expand our brand recognition.
| Leverage Social Media |
We expect that our advertising will become more cost-effective and drive system-wide revenue more efficiently as we grow in scale and further increase our use of social media to activate interest from our guests. We believe social media is a cost-effective way of targeting existing and new guests, as we do not have to purchase as much advertising through more expensive forms of traditional media. Furthermore, we believe that our strong and growing social media presence will drive more orders through our online portals.
#CreateShareholderValue
We expect our asset-light, highly-franchised business model to generate strong operating margins and consistent free cash flow as a result of low capital expenditures and working capital needs. As we execute our growth strategy, we believe we will continue to grow revenue and leverage our cost infrastructure, generating continued earnings growth and strong free cash flow, which will create additional equity value for our shareholders.
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CORPORATE AND OTHER INFORMATION
The first Wingstop restaurant opened in July 1994. Our operating company, Wingstop Restaurants Inc., was incorporated in November 1996 and began offering franchises for Wingstop restaurants in May 1997. The first franchised restaurant opened in April 1998. On April 9, 2010, Wingstop Holdings, Inc., the holding company for Wingstop Restaurants Inc., was acquired by Wing Stop Holding Corporation. As of December 27, 2014, we were the franchisor of 693 restaurants and owned and operated 19 restaurants for a total of 712 system-wide restaurants in 36 states and 6 countries.
Our principal executive offices are located at 5501 LBJ Freeway, 5th Floor, Dallas, Texas 75240, and our telephone number at that address is (972) 686-6500. Our website is located at www.wingstop.com. Our website, and the information on our website, is neither part of this prospectus nor incorporated by reference herein.
THE REORGANIZATION
Wingstop Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on March 18, 2015, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Wing Stop Holding Corporation. On , 2015, Wing Stop Holding Corporation merged with and into Wingstop Inc., with Wingstop Inc. as the surviving corporation in the merger.
Pursuant to the merger, each holder of Wing Stop Holding Corporation common stock received one share of common stock of Wingstop Inc. for each shares of Wing Stop Holding Corporation and each option to purchase common stock of Wing Stop Holding Corporation was assumed by Wingstop Inc. and converted into an option to purchase one share of common stock of Wingstop Inc. for each shares of Wing Stop Holding Corporation with the remaining terms of each such option remaining unchanged, except as was necessary to reflect the reorganization. shares of Wing Stop Holding Corporation common stock were converted into shares of common stock of Wingstop Inc. in connection with the reorganization. The Wing Stop Holding Corporation shares were then cancelled and retired. The following chart illustrates our organizational structure upon completion of this offering:
(1) | The franchisor of all Wingstop franchised restaurants and the lessee, owner and operator of all company-owned restaurants. |
8
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves substantial risk, and our ability to successfully operate our business is subject to numerous risks, including those that are generally associated with our industry. Any of the risks set forth in this prospectus under the heading Risk Factors may limit our ability to successfully execute our business strategy. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this prospectus and, in particular, should evaluate the specific risks set forth in this prospectus under the heading Risk Factors in deciding whether to invest in our common stock. The following is a summary of some of the principal risks we face:
| if we fail to successfully implement our growth strategy, which includes opening new domestic and international restaurants, our ability to increase our revenue and operating profits could be adversely affected; |
| our financial results are affected by the operating results of our and our franchisees existing restaurants; |
| our results of operations and growth strategy depend in significant part on the success of our franchisees, and we are subject to a variety of additional risks associated with our franchisees; |
| if we fail to identify, recruit and contract with a sufficient number of qualified franchisees, our ability to open new franchise restaurants and increase our revenue could be materially adversely affected; |
| our franchisees could take actions that could harm our business; |
| interruptions in the supply of product to company-owned restaurants and franchisees could adversely affect our revenue; |
| our success depends on our ability to compete with many other restaurants; |
| reliance on past increases in our domestic same store sales or our average weekly sales as an indication of our future results of operations; |
| our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly, resulting in a decline in our stock price; and |
| expansion into new markets presents increased risks. |
9
EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY STATUS
We are an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, which permits us to elect not to be subject to certain disclosure and other requirements that otherwise would have been applicable to us had we not been an emerging growth company. These provisions include:
| only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations disclosure in this prospectus; |
| reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements; |
| no requirement for non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and |
| exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting. |
We may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earlier time as we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will qualify as an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of completion of this offering, (2) the last day of our fiscal year in which we have annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more, (3) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt, and (4) the last day of the fiscal year in which we become a large accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Under this definition, we will be an emerging growth company upon completion of this offering and could remain an emerging growth company until as late as December 26, 2020.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDER
Roark Capital Partners II, LP and Roark Capital Partners Parallel II, LP, which we refer to in this prospectus, along with RC II WS (but excluding us and other companies that they own as a result of their investment activity), as Roark, are part of an Atlanta-based private equity firm with over $6 billion in equity capital commitments raised since inception. Roark and its affiliates invest primarily in consumer, business and environmental service companies with a specialization around franchised and multi-unit business models in the retail, restaurant and consumer services sectors. Immediately prior to this offering, Roark beneficially owned % of our outstanding common stock, and will beneficially own approximately % of our common stock immediately following consummation of this offering, assuming no exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares of common stock. Therefore, Roark will be able to have a significant effect over fundamental and significant corporate matters and transactions. We expect to be a controlled company under Nasdaq corporate governance standards and to take advantage of the corporate governance exceptions related thereto. See Risk FactorsRisks Related to this Offering and Ownership of our Common Stock.
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THE OFFERING
Common stock offered by us |
shares (or shares if the underwriters option to purchase additional shares from us is exercised in full). |
Common stock offered by the selling stockholders |
shares (or shares if the underwriters option to purchase additional shares from the selling stockholders is exercised in full). |
Common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering |
shares (or shares if the underwriters option to purchase additional shares from us is exercised in full). |
Underwriters option to purchase additional shares of common stock |
The underwriters may also exercise their option to purchase up to an additional shares of common stock from us and up to an additional shares of common stock from the selling stockholders. The underwriters can exercise this option at any time within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. |
Use of proceeds |
We estimate, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) we will receive proceeds from the offering of approximately $ million (or $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares from us in full), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the proceeds from this offering (i) for the repayment of debt, (ii) to pay a fee in connection with the termination of our management agreement with Roark Capital Management, LLC and (iii) other general corporate purposes. See Use of Proceeds. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders. |
Principal stockholder |
Upon completion of this offering, RC II WS will continue to own a controlling interest in us. Accordingly, we currently intend to avail ourselves of the controlled company exemption under the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq. |
Dividend policy |
We currently expect to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and expansion of our business and repayment of debt; therefore, we do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. See Dividend Policy below. |
Directed share program |
At our request, the underwriters have reserved % of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to our directors, officers, employees, business associates and related persons. If these persons purchase |
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shares, this will reduce the number of shares available for sale to the public. |
Risk factors |
You should carefully read and consider the information set forth under the heading Risk Factors of this prospectus and all other information set forth in this prospectus before investing in our common stock. |
Proposed Nasdaq ticker symbol |
WING |
Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus relating to the number of shares of common stock that will be outstanding following this offering:
| gives effect to the reorganization; |
| excludes shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted-average exercise price of $ per share; |
| excludes shares reserved for future issuance under our new equity compensation plan; |
| assumes no exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares from us and the selling stockholders; and |
| an initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). |
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SUMMARY HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
Wingstop Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on March 18, 2015. Prior to the completion of the reorganization, Wingstop Inc. had no material assets. On , 2015, Wing Stop Holding Corporation merged with and into Wingstop Inc., with Wingstop Inc. as the surviving corporation in the merger. Following the reorganization, the consolidated financial statements of Wingstop Inc. will reflect the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, but for historical periods, the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus are those of Wing Stop Holding Corporation. Accordingly, the following tables set forth the summary historical consolidated financial and other data of Wing Stop Holding Corporation for the periods and as of the dates indicated.
We derived the financial information for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Wingstop utilizes a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the last Saturday of the calendar year. The fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 included 52 weeks. The first three quarters of our fiscal year consist of 13 weeks and our fourth quarter consists of 13 weeks for 52-week fiscal years and 14 weeks for 53-week fiscal years.
The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. This information should be read in conjunction with Risk Factors, Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Year ended | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
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Consolidated Statements of Income Data: |
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Revenue: |
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Royalty revenue and franchise fees |
$ | 38,032 | $ | 30,202 | $ | 25,057 | ||||||
Company-owned restaurant sales |
29,417 | 28,797 | 26,534 | |||||||||
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Total revenue |
67,449 | 58,999 | 51,591 | |||||||||
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Cost and expenses: |
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Cost of sales |
20,473 | 22,176 | 21,262 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
26,006 | 18,913 | 15,896 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,904 | 3,030 | 2,930 | |||||||||
Earn-out obligation |
| | 2,500 | |||||||||
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Total costs and expenses |
49,383 | 44,119 | 42,588 | |||||||||
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Operating income |
18,066 | 14,880 | 9,003 | |||||||||
Interest expense, net |
3,684 | 2,863 | 2,431 | |||||||||
Other (income) expense, net |
84 | (6 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||
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Income before income tax expense |
14,298 | 12,023 | 6,580 | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
5,312 | 4,493 | 3,000 | |||||||||
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Net income |
$ | 8,986 | $ | 7,530 | $ | 3,580 | ||||||
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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data: |
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 14,370 | $ | 10,906 | $ | 10,421 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(363 | ) | (2,144 | ) | (1,447 | ) | ||||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(7,457 | ) | (9,842 | ) | (6,902 | ) | ||||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 6,550 | $ | (1,080 | ) | $ | 2,072 |
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Year ended | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share, per share and unit data) | December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
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Per Share Data: |
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Earnings per share: |
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Basic |
$ | 0.19 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||
Diluted |
0.19 | 0.16 | 0.08 | |||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding: |
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Basic |
47,423 | 46,179 | 45,405 | |||||||||
Diluted |
48,002 | 47,015 | 46,236 | |||||||||
Pro forma earnings per share (1): |
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Basic and diluted |
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Diluted |
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Selected Other Data (2): |
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Number of system-wide restaurants open at end of period |
712 | 614 | 546 | |||||||||
Number of domestic company restaurants open at end of period |
19 | 24 | 23 | |||||||||
Number of domestic franchise restaurants open at end of period |
652 | 569 | 510 | |||||||||
Number of international franchise restaurants open at end of period |
41 | 21 | 13 | |||||||||
System-wide sales |
$ | 678,771 | $ | 549,904 | $ | 457,315 | ||||||
Domestic restaurant AUV |
$ | 1,073 | $ | 974 | $ | 902 | ||||||
Number of restaurants opened (during period) |
102 | 74 | 57 | |||||||||
Number of restaurants closed (during period) |
4 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||
Company-owned restaurants refranchised (during period) |
5 | 0 | 1 | |||||||||
EBITDA (3) |
$ | 20,886 | $ | 17,916 | $ | 11,941 | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (3) |
$ | 24,378 | $ | 19,495 | $ | 15,615 | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA margin (4) |
36.1 | % | 33.0 | % | 30.3 | % | ||||||
Same Store Sales Data (5): |
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Domestic same store base (end of period) |
589 | 527 | 482 | |||||||||
Change in domestic same store sales |
12.5 | % | 9.9 | % | 13.8 | % |
As of December 27, 2014 | ||||||||
(in thousands) | Actual | Pro forma (6) | Pro forma as adjusted (7)(8) | |||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 9,723 | ||||||
Total assets |
120,236 | |||||||
Total long-term debt, net of current |
88,852 | |||||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(8,994 | ) |
(1) | See note 18 to our consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | See the definitions of key performance indicators under Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsKey Performance Indicators. |
(3) | EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements of our financial performance under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other performance measure derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. |
We define EBITDA as net income before interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA further adjusted for management fees and
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expense reimbursement, transaction costs, gains and losses on the disposal of assets, stock-based compensation expense and earn-out obligation. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by our competitors, because not all companies and analysts calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner. We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we consider them to be important supplemental measures of our performance and believe they are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. Management believes that investors understanding of our performance is enhanced by including these non-GAAP financial measures as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations. Many investors are interested in understanding the performance of our business by comparing our results from ongoing operations period over period and would ordinarily add back non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization, as well as items that are not part of normal day-to-day operations of our business.
Management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:
| as a measurement of operating performance because they assist us in comparing the operating performance of our restaurants on a consistent basis, as they remove the impact of items not directly resulting from our core operations; |
| for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and financial projections; |
| to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our operational strategies; |
| to evaluate our capacity to fund capital expenditures and expand our business; and |
| to calculate incentive compensation payments for our employees, including assessing performance under our annual incentive compensation plan and determining the vesting of performance shares. |
By providing these non-GAAP financial measures, together with a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure, we believe we are enhancing investors understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives. Items excluded from these non-GAAP measures are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. In addition, the instruments governing our indebtedness use EBITDA (with additional adjustments) to measure our compliance with covenants such as fixed charge coverage, lease adjusted leverage and debt incurrence. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for net income or other financial statement data presented in our consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance. Some of the limitations are:
| such measures do not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; |
| such measures do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; |
| such measures do not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt; |
| such measures do not reflect our tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes; |
| although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and such measures do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and |
| other companies in our industry may calculate such measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. |
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Due to these limitations, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our U.S. GAAP results and using these non-GAAP measures only supplementally. As noted in the table below, Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments for transaction costs, gains and losses on disposal of assets and stock-based compensation, among other items. It is reasonable to expect that these items will occur in future periods. However, we believe these adjustments are appropriate because the amounts recognized can vary significantly from period to period, do not directly relate to the ongoing operations of our restaurants and complicate comparisons of our internal operating results and operating results of other restaurant companies over time. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments for other items that we do not expect to regularly record following this offering, such as management fees and expense reimbursement. Each of the normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments described in this paragraph and in the reconciliation table below help management with a measure of our core operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations.
The following table reconciles EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial performance measure, which is net income:
Year ended | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
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Net income |
$ | 8,986 | $ | 7,530 | $ | 3,580 | ||||||
Interest expense, net |
3,684 | 2,863 | 2,431 | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
5,312 | 4,493 | 3,000 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,904 | 3,030 | 2,930 | |||||||||
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EBITDA |
$ | 20,886 | $ | 17,916 | $ | 11,941 | ||||||
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Management fees (a) |
449 | 436 | 422 | |||||||||
Transaction costs (b) |
2,169 | 395 | 308 | |||||||||
Gains and losses on disposal of assets (c) |
(86 | ) | | (20 | ) | |||||||
Stock-based compensation expense (d) |
960 | 748 | 464 | |||||||||
Earn-out obligation (e) |
| | 2,500 | |||||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 24,378 | $ | 19,495 | $ | 15,615 | ||||||
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(a) | Includes management fees and other out-of-pocket expenses paid to Roark Capital Management, LLC. |
(b) | Represents costs and expenses related to refinancings of our credit agreement and our initial public offering. |
(c) | Represents non-cash gains and losses resulting from the sale of company-owned restaurants to a franchisee and associated goodwill impairment. |
(d) | Includes non-cash, stock-based compensation. |
(e) | Represents an earn-out payment made to our prior owner based on us achieving revenue benchmarks specified in the acquisition agreement governing our purchase. There are no further obligations related to the earn-out remaining under the acquisition agreement. |
(4) | Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total revenue. We present Adjusted EBITDA margin because it is used by management as a performance measurement of Adjusted EBITDA generated from total revenue. See footnote 3 above for a discussion of Adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP measure and a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. |
(5) | We define the domestic same store base to include those domestic restaurants open for at least 52 full weeks. Change in domestic same store sales reflects the change in year-over-year sales for the domestic same store base. |
(6) | The pro forma balance sheet data gives effect to the reorganization. |
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(7) | The pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data gives effect to the pro forma adjustments above and (i) the sale by us of shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid by us and (ii) the application of the net proceeds from this offering to us as described under Use of Proceeds. |
(8) | Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or decrease each of cash and cash equivalents and total stockholders equity (deficit) on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. |
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Risks Related to Our Business
If we fail to successfully implement our growth strategy, which includes opening new restaurants, our ability to increase our revenue and operating profits could be adversely affected.
Our growth strategy relies substantially upon new restaurant development by existing and new franchisees. In addition, we and our franchisees face many challenges in opening new restaurants, including:
| availability of financing; |
| selection and availability of suitable restaurant locations; |
| competition for restaurant sites; |
| negotiation of acceptable lease and financing terms; |
| securing required governmental permits and approvals; |
| consumer tastes in new geographic regions and acceptance of our products; |
| employment and training of qualified personnel; |
| impact of inclement weather, natural disasters, and other acts of nature; |
| general economic and business conditions; and |
| the general legal and regulatory landscape in which we and our restaurants operate. |
In particular, because the majority of our new restaurant development is funded by franchisee investment, our growth strategy is dependent on our franchisees (or prospective franchisees) ability to access funds to finance such development. We do not provide our franchisees with direct financing and therefore their ability to access borrowed funds generally depends on their independent relationships with various financial institutions. If our franchisees (or prospective franchisees) are not able to obtain financing at commercially reasonable rates, or at all, they may be unwilling or unable to invest in the development of new restaurants, and our future growth could be adversely affected.
To the extent our franchisees are unable to open new restaurants as we anticipate, our revenue growth would come primarily from growth in comparable store sales. Our failure to add a significant number of new restaurants or grow domestic same store sales would adversely affect our ability to increase our revenue and operating income and could materially and adversely harm our business and operating results.
Our business and results of operations depend significantly upon the success of our and our franchisees existing restaurants.
Our business and results of operations are significantly dependent upon the success of our franchisees and our company-owned restaurants. We and our franchisees may be adversely affected by:
| declining economic conditions; |
| increased competition in the restaurant industry; |
| changes in consumer tastes and preferences; |
| demographic trends; |
| customers budgeting constraints; |
| customers willingness to accept menu price increases; |
| adverse weather conditions; |
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| our reputation and consumer perception of our concepts offerings in terms of quality, price, value and service; and |
| customers experiences in our restaurants. |
Our company-owned restaurants and our franchisees are also susceptible to increases in certain key operating expenses that are either wholly or partially beyond our control, including:
| food, particularly bone-in chicken wings, which we do not or cannot effectively hedge; |
| labor costs, including wage, workers compensation, minimum wage requirements, health care and other benefits expenses; |
| rent expenses and construction, remodeling, maintenance and other costs under leases for our existing and new restaurants; |
| compliance costs as a result of changes in legal, regulatory or industry standards; |
| energy, water and other utility costs; |
| insurance costs; |
| information technology and other logistical costs; and |
| expenses associated with legal proceedings and regulatory compliance. |
Our business and results of operations depend in significant part on the future performance of existing and new franchise restaurants, and we are subject to a variety of additional risks associated with our franchisees.
A substantial portion of our revenue comes from royalties generated by our franchised restaurants. We anticipate that franchise royalties will represent a substantial part of our revenue in the future. As of December 27, 2014, we had 254 domestic franchisees operating 652 domestic restaurants and 6 international franchisees operating 41 international restaurants. Our largest franchisee operated 45 restaurants and our top 10 franchisees operated a total of 183 restaurants as of December 27, 2014. Accordingly, we are reliant on the performance of our franchisees in successfully operating their restaurants and paying royalties to us on a timely basis. Our franchise system subjects us to a number of risks, any one of which may impact our ability to collect royalty payments from our franchisees, may harm the goodwill associated with our franchise, and may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our franchisees are an integral part of our business. We may be unable to successfully implement our growth strategy without the participation of our franchisees. Franchisees may fail to participate in our marketing initiatives, which could materially adversely affect their sales trends, average weekly sales and results of operations. The failure of our franchisees to focus on the fundamentals of restaurant operations, such as quality, service and cleanliness, would have a negative impact on our success. In addition, if our franchisees fail to renew their franchise agreements, our royalty revenue may decrease which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. It also may be difficult for us to monitor our international franchisees implementation of our growth strategy due to our lack of personnel in the markets served by such franchisees.
Furthermore, a bankruptcy of any multi-unit franchisee could negatively impact our ability to collect payments due under such franchisees franchise agreements. In a franchisee bankruptcy, the bankruptcy trustee may reject its franchise agreements pursuant to Section 365 under the United States bankruptcy code, in which case there would be no further royalty payments from such franchisee. There can be no assurance as to the proceeds, if any, that may ultimately be recovered in a bankruptcy proceeding of such franchisee in connection with a damage claim resulting from such rejection.
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If we fail to identify, recruit and contract with a sufficient number of qualified franchisees, our ability to open new franchised restaurants and increase our revenue could be materially adversely affected.
The opening of additional franchised restaurants depends, in part, upon the availability of prospective franchisees who meet our criteria. We may not be able to identify, recruit or contract with suitable franchisees in our target markets on a timely basis or at all. In addition, our franchisees may not ultimately be able to access the financial or management resources that they need to open the restaurants contemplated by their agreements with us, or they may elect to cease restaurant development for other reasons. If we are unable to recruit suitable franchisees or if franchisees are unable or unwilling to open new restaurants as planned, our growth may be slower than anticipated, which could materially adversely affect our ability to increase our revenue and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our franchisees could take actions that could harm our business.
Our franchisees are contractually obligated to operate their restaurants in accordance with the operations, safety, and health standards set forth in our agreements with them and applicable laws. However, although we will attempt to properly train and support all of our franchisees, franchisees are independent third parties whom we do not control. The franchisees own, operate, and oversee the daily operations of their restaurants, and their employees are not our employees. Accordingly, their actions are outside of our control. Although we have developed criteria to evaluate and screen prospective franchisees, we cannot be certain that our franchisees will have the business acumen or financial resources necessary to operate successful franchises at their approved locations, and state franchise laws may limit our ability to terminate or not renew these franchise agreements. Moreover, despite our training, support and monitoring, franchisees may not successfully operate restaurants in a manner consistent with our standards and requirements, or may not hire and adequately train qualified managers and other restaurant personnel. The failure of our franchisees to operate their franchises in accordance with our standards or applicable law, actions taken by their employees or a negative publicity event at one of our franchised restaurants or involving one of our franchisees could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, our brand, our ability to attract prospective franchisees, our company-owned restaurants, and our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Interruptions in the supply of product to company-owned restaurants and franchisees could adversely affect our revenue.
In order to maintain quality-control standards and consistency among restaurants, we require through our franchise agreements that our franchisees obtain food and other supplies from preferred suppliers approved in advance. In this regard, we and our franchisees depend on a group of suppliers for food ingredients, beverages, paper goods, and distribution, including, but not limited to, four primary chicken suppliers, The Sygma Network for distribution, The Coca-Cola Company, and other suppliers. In 2014, we and our franchisees purchased products from approximately 112 approved suppliers, with approximately 10 of such suppliers providing 80%, based on dollar volume, of all products purchased. We look to approve multiple suppliers for most products, and require any single sourced supplier, such as The Coca-Cola Company, to have contingency plans in place to ensure continuity of supply. In addition, we believe that, if necessary, we could obtain readily available alternative sources of supply for each product that we currently source through a single supplier. To facilitate the efficiency of our franchisees supply chain, we have historically entered into several preferred-supplier arrangements for particular food or beverage items. In addition, our restaurants bear risks associated with the timeliness, solvency, reputation, labor relations, freight costs, price of raw materials, and compliance with health and safety standards of each supplier, including, but not limited to, risks associated with contamination to food and beverage products. We have little control over such suppliers. Disruptions in these relationships may reduce franchisee sales and, in turn, our royalty income. Overall difficulty of suppliers meeting restaurant product demand, interruptions in the supply chain, obstacles or delays in the process of renegotiating or renewing agreements with preferred suppliers, financial difficulties experienced by suppliers, or the deficiency, lack, or poor quality of alternative suppliers could adversely impact franchisee sales and our company-owned restaurant sales, which, in turn, would reduce our royalty income and revenue and could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
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Our success depends on our ability to compete with many other restaurants.
The restaurant industry in general, and the fast casual category in particular, are intensely competitive, and we compete with many well-established restaurant companies on the basis of food taste and quality, price, service, value, location, convenience and overall customer experience. Our competitors include restaurant chains and individual restaurants that range from independent local operators to well-capitalized national and regional restaurant companies, including restaurants offering chicken wing products, as well as dine-in, carry-out and delivery services offering other types of food.
Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do, which may allow them to react to changes in the restaurant industry better than we can. Other competitors are local restaurants that in some cases have a loyal guest base and strong brand recognition within a particular market. As our competitors expand their operations or as new competitors enter the industry, we expect competition to intensify. Should our competitors increase their spending on advertising and promotions, we could experience a loss of customer traffic to our competitors. Also, if our advertising and promotions become less effective than those of our competitors, we could experience a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We and our franchisees also compete with other restaurant chains and other retail businesses for quality site locations, management and hourly employees.
You should not rely on past increases in our domestic same store sales or our AUV as an indication of our future results of operations because they may fluctuate significantly.
A number of factors have historically affected, and will continue to affect, our domestic same store sales and AUV, including, among other factors:
| competition; |
| consumer trends and confidence; |
| our ability to execute our business strategy effectively; |
| unusually strong initial sales performance by new restaurants; and |
| regional and national macroeconomic conditions. |
The level of domestic same store sales is a critical factor affecting our ability to generate profits because the profit margin on domestic same store sales is generally higher than the profit margin on new restaurant sales. Domestic same store sales reflects the change in year-over-year sales for the domestic same store base. We define the domestic same store base to include those restaurants open for at least 52 full weeks.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to certain factors, some of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of several factors, including:
| the timing of new restaurant openings; |
| profitability of our restaurants, especially in new markets; |
| changes in interest rates; |
| increases and decreases in average weekly sales and domestic same store sales; |
| macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and locally; |
| changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions; |
| expansion to new markets; |
| impairment of long-lived assets and any loss on restaurant closures; |
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| increases in infrastructure costs; and |
| fluctuations in commodity prices. |
As a result, our quarterly and annual operating results and domestic same store sales may fluctuate significantly as a result of the factors discussed above. Accordingly, results for any one fiscal quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other fiscal quarter or for any fiscal year and domestic same store sales for any particular future period may decrease. In the future, operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In that event, the price of our common stock would likely decrease.
Our expansion into new markets may present increased risks due to our unfamiliarity with those areas.
Some of our new restaurants are planned for markets where there may be limited or no market recognition of our brand. Those markets may have competitive conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns that are different from those in our existing markets. As a result, those new restaurants may be less successful than restaurants in our existing markets. We may need to build brand awareness in that market through greater investments in advertising and promotional activity than we originally planned. Our franchisees may find it more difficult in new markets to hire, motivate and keep qualified employees who can project our vision, passion and culture. Restaurants opened in new markets may also have lower average restaurant sales than restaurants opened in existing markets. Sales at restaurants opened in new markets may take longer to ramp up and reach expected sales and profit levels, and may never do so, thereby affecting our overall profitability.
Changes in food and supply costs could adversely affect our results of operations.
The profitability of our company-owned restaurants depends in part on our ability to anticipate and react to changes in food and supply costs. Any increase in the prices of the ingredients most critical to our menu, particularly chicken, could adversely affect our operating results. Bone-in chicken wing prices in our company-owned restaurants in 2014 averaged 15% lower than in 2013 as the average price per pound decreased. If there is a significant rise in the price of bone-in chicken wings, and we are unable to successfully adjust menu prices or otherwise make operational adjustments to account for the higher wing prices, our operating results could be adversely affected. For example, bone-in chicken wings accounted for approximately 25% and 26% of our costs of sales in fiscal 2013 and 2014, respectively. A hypothetical 10% increase in the bone-in chicken wing costs for fiscal 2014 would have increased cost of sales by approximately $0.5 million for fiscal 2014.
Although we try to manage the impact that these fluctuations have on our operating results, we remain susceptible to increases in food costs as a result of factors beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, seasonal fluctuations, weather conditions, demand, food safety concerns, product recalls and government regulations. As a result, we may not be able to anticipate or react to changing food costs by adjusting our purchasing practices or menu prices, which could cause our operating results to deteriorate. In addition, because we provide moderately-priced food, we may choose not to, or be unable to, pass along commodity price increases to our customers.
If we or our franchisees or licensees are unable to protect our customers credit card data and other personal information, we or our franchisees could be exposed to data loss, litigation, and liability, and our reputation could be significantly harmed.
Privacy protection is increasingly demanding, and the use of electronic payment methods and collection of other personal information expose us and our franchisees to increased risk of privacy and/or security breaches as well as other risks. The majority of our restaurant sales are by credit or debit cards. In connection with credit or debit card transactions in-restaurant, we and our franchisees collect and transmit confidential information by way of secure private retail networks. Additionally, we collect and store personal information from individuals, including our customers, franchisees, and employees.
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Our franchisees have experienced security breaches in which credit and debit card information could have been stolen and we and our franchisees may experience security breaches in which credit and debit card information is stolen in the future. Although we use secure private networks to transmit confidential information, third parties may have the technology or know-how to breach the security of the customer information transmitted in connection with credit and debit card sales, and our security measures and those of technology vendors may not effectively prohibit others from obtaining improper access to this information. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often difficult to detect for long periods of time, which may cause a breach to go undetected for an extensive period of time. Advances in computer and software capabilities, new tools, and other developments may increase the risk of such a breach. Further, the systems currently used for transmission and approval of electronic payment transactions, and the technology utilized in electronic payment themselves, all of which can put electronic payment at risk, are determined and controlled by the payment card industry, not by us. In addition, our franchisees, contractors, or third parties with whom we do business or to whom we outsource business operations may attempt to circumvent our security measures in order to misappropriate such information, and may purposefully or inadvertently cause a breach involving such information. If a person is able to circumvent our security measures or those of third parties, he or she could destroy or steal valuable information or disrupt our operations. We may become subject to claims for purportedly fraudulent transactions arising out of the actual or alleged theft of credit or debit card information, and we may also be subject to lawsuits or other proceedings relating to these types of incidents. Any such claim or proceeding could cause us to incur significant unplanned expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Further, adverse publicity resulting from these allegations could significantly harm our reputation and may have a material adverse effect on us and our restaurants.
Our business activities subject us to litigation risk that could affect us adversely by subjecting us to significant money damages and other remedies or by increasing our litigation expense.
We and our franchisees are, from time to time, the subject of complaints or litigation, including customer claims, personal-injury claims, environmental claims, employee allegations of improper termination and discrimination, claims related to violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA, religious freedom, the Fair Labor Standards Act, or the FLSA, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, advertising laws and intellectual-property claims. Each of these claims may increase costs and limit the funds available to make royalty payments and reduce the execution of new franchise agreements. Litigation against a franchisee or its affiliates by third parties or regulatory agencies, whether in the ordinary course of business or otherwise, may also include claims against us by virtue of our relationship with the defendant-franchisee, whether under vicarious liability, joint employer, or other theories. In addition to decreasing the ability of a defendant-franchisee to make royalty payments in the event of such claims and diverting our management resources, adverse publicity resulting from such allegations may materially and adversely affect us and our brand, regardless of whether these allegations are valid or whether we are liable. Our international operations may be subject to additional risks related to litigation, including difficulties in enforcement of contractual obligations governed by foreign law due to differing interpretations of rights and obligations, compliance with multiple and potentially conflicting laws, new and potentially untested laws and judicial systems, and reduced or diminished protection of intellectual property. A substantial judgment against us or one of our subsidiaries could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
We could also become subject to class action or other lawsuits related to the above-described or different matters in the future. Regardless, however, of whether any claim brought against us in the future is valid or whether we are liable, such a claim would be expensive to defend and may divert time, money and other valuable resources away from our operations and, thereby, hurt our business.
We and our franchisees are also subject to state and local dram shop statutes, which may subject us and our franchisees to uninsured liabilities. These statutes generally allow a person injured by an intoxicated person to recover damages from an establishment that wrongfully served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person. Because a plaintiff may seek punitive damages, which may not be fully covered by insurance, this type of action
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could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. A judgment in such an action significantly in excess of insurance coverage could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Further, adverse publicity resulting from any such allegations may adversely affect us and our restaurants taken as a whole.
We may engage in litigation with our franchisees.
Although we believe we generally enjoy a positive working relationship with the vast majority of our franchisees, the nature of the franchisor-franchisee relationship may give rise to litigation with our franchisees. In the ordinary course of business, we are the subject of complaints or litigation from franchisees, usually related to alleged breaches of contract or wrongful termination under the franchise arrangements. We may also engage in future litigation with franchisees to enforce the terms of our franchise agreements and compliance with our brand standards as determined necessary to protect our brand, the consistency of our products and the customer experience. In addition, we may be subject to claims by our franchisees relating to our Franchise Disclosure Document, or FDD, including claims based on financial information contained in our FDD. Engaging in such litigation may be costly and time-consuming and may distract management and materially adversely affect our relationships with franchisees and our ability to attract new franchisees. Any negative outcome of these or any other claims could materially adversely affect our results of operations as well as our ability to expand our franchise system and may damage our reputation and brand. Furthermore, existing and future franchise-related legislation could subject us to additional litigation risk in the event we terminate or fail to renew a franchise relationship.
Changes to the current law with respect to the assignment of liabilities in the franchise business model could adversely impact our profitability.
One of the legal foundations fundamental to the franchise business model has been that, absent special circumstances, a franchisor is generally not responsible for the acts, omissions or liabilities of its franchisees. Recently, established law has been challenged and questioned by the plaintiffs bar and certain regulators, and the outcome of these challenges and new regulatory positions remains unknown. If these challenges and/or new positions are successful in altering currently settled law, it could significantly change the way we and other franchisors conduct business and adversely impact our profitability. For example, a determination that we are a joint employer with our franchisees or that franchisees are part of one unified system with joint and several liability under the National Labor Relations Act, statutes administered by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations and other areas of labor and employment law could subject us and/or our franchisees to liability for the unfair labor practices, wage-and-hour law violations, employment discrimination law violations, OSHA regulation violations and other employment-related liabilities of one or more franchisees. Furthermore, any such change in law would create an increased likelihood that certain franchised networks would be required to employ unionized labor, which could impact franchisors like us through, among other things, increased labor costs, increased menu prices to offset labor costs and difficulty in attracting new franchisees. In addition, if these changes were to be expanded outside of the employment context, we could be held liable for other claims against franchisees such as personal injury claims by customers at franchised restaurants. Therefore, any such regulatory action or court decisions could impact our ability or desire to grow our franchised base and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We may be impacted by negative publicity regarding other franchisors controlled by Roark.
Through common control with or common management by Roark, we are affiliated with certain other franchise brands. While we operate as a separate company and are managed entirely independent from any other franchisors controlled by Roark, our affiliate relationship requires us to disclose certain information with respect to such other franchisors to potential franchisees. Therefore, negative publicity, legal proceedings, bankruptcies or other adverse events regarding other franchised concepts controlled by Roark or negative incidents involving these other companies or concepts, even though entirely independent from us, could adversely impact our reputation and our ability to attract franchisees.
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Macroeconomic conditions could adversely affect our ability to increase sales at existing restaurants or open new restaurants.
Recessionary economic cycles, higher fuel and other energy costs, lower housing values, low consumer confidence, inflation, increases in commodity prices, higher interest rates, higher levels of unemployment, higher consumer debt levels, higher tax rates and other changes in tax laws or other economic factors that may affect discretionary consumer spending could adversely affect our revenue and profit margins and make opening new restaurants more difficult. Our customers may have lower disposable income and reduce the frequency with which they dine out during economic downturns. This could result in fewer transactions and reduced transaction size or limitations on the prices we can charge for our menu items, any of which could reduce our sales and profit margins. Also, businesses in the shopping vicinity in which some of our restaurants are located may experience difficulty as a result of macroeconomic trends or cease to operate, which could, in turn, further negatively affect customer traffic at our restaurants. All of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and growth strategy.
In addition, negative effects on our and our franchisees existing and potential landlords due to the inaccessibility of credit and other unfavorable economic factors may, in turn, adversely affect our business and results of operations. If our or our franchisees landlords are unable to obtain financing or remain in good standing under their existing financing arrangements, they may be unable to provide construction contributions or satisfy other lease obligations owed to us or our franchisees. In addition, if our and our franchisees landlords are unable to obtain sufficient credit to continue to properly manage their retail sites, we may experience a drop in the level of quality of such retail centers. The development of new restaurants may also be adversely affected by negative economic factors affecting developers and potential landlords. Developers and/or landlords may try to delay or cancel recent development projects (as well as renovations of existing projects) due to instability in the credit markets and declines in consumer spending, which could reduce the number of appropriate locations available that we would consider for our new restaurants. Furthermore, other tenants at the properties in which our restaurants are located may delay their openings, fail to open or cease operations. Decreases in total tenant occupancy in the properties in which our restaurants are located may affect customer traffic at our restaurants.
If any of the foregoing affect any of our or our franchisees landlords, developers and/or surrounding tenants, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected. To the extent our restaurants are part of a larger retail project or tourist destination, customer traffic could be negatively impacted by economic factors affecting surrounding tenants.
Because many of our restaurants are concentrated in local or regional areas, we are susceptible to economic and other trends and developments, including adverse weather conditions, in these areas.
As of December 27, 2014, 69% of our 671 domestic restaurants were spread across Texas (38%), California (25%) and Illinois (6%). Given our geographic concentrations, negative publicity regarding any of our restaurants in these areas could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations, as could other regional occurrences such as local strikes, terrorist attacks, increases in energy prices, or natural or man-made disasters and more stringent state and local laws and regulations. In particular, adverse weather conditions, such as regional winter storms, floods, severe thunderstorms, earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes, could negatively impact our results of operations.
We and our franchisees rely on computer systems to process transactions and manage our business, and a disruption or a failure of such systems or technology could harm our ability to effectively manage our business.
Network and information technology systems are integral to our business. We utilize various computer systems, including our franchisee reporting system, by which our franchisees report their weekly sales and pay their corresponding royalty fees and required advertising fund contributions. When sales are reported by a
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franchisee, a withdrawal for the authorized amount is initiated from the franchisees bank on a set date each week based on gross sales during the week ended the prior Saturday. This system is critical to our ability to accurately track sales and compute royalties and advertising fund contributions due from our franchisees.
Our operations depend upon our ability to protect our computer equipment and systems against damage from physical theft, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure or other catastrophic events, as well as from internal and external security breaches, viruses, worms and other disruptive problems. Any damage or failure of our computer systems or network infrastructure that causes an interruption in our operations could have a material adverse effect on our business and subject us to litigation or actions by regulatory authorities.
Despite the implementation of protective measures, our systems are subject to damage and/or interruption as a result of power outages, computer and network failures, computer viruses and other disruptive software, security breaches, catastrophic events, and improper usage by employees. Such events could result in a material disruption in operations, a need for a costly repair, upgrade or replacement of systems, or a decrease in, or in the collection of, royalties and advertising fund contributions paid to us by our franchisees. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability which could materially affect our results of operations.
It is also critical that we establish and maintain certain licensing and software agreements for the software we use in our day-to-day operations. A failure to procure or maintain these licenses could have a material adverse effect on our business operations.
The prospect of a pandemic spread of avian flu could adversely impact our supply of chicken and affect our business.
If avian flu were to affect our supply of chicken, our operations may be negatively impacted, as prices may rise due to limited supply. In addition, misunderstanding by the public of information regarding the threat of avian flu could result in negative publicity regarding the risks of consumption of chicken products that could adversely affect consumer spending and confidence levels. A decrease in traffic to our restaurants as a result of this negative publicity or as a result of health concerns, whether or not warranted, could materially harm our business.
Failure to obtain and maintain required licenses and permits or to comply with alcoholic beverage or food control regulations could lead to the loss of liquor and food service licenses and, thereby, harm our business.
The restaurant industry is subject to various federal, state and local government regulations, including those relating to the sale of food and alcoholic beverages. Such regulations are subject to change from time to time. The failure of our restaurants to obtain and maintain these licenses, permits and approvals could adversely affect our operating results. Typically, licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked, suspended or denied renewal for cause at any time if governmental authorities determine that a restaurants conduct violates applicable regulations. Difficulties or failure to maintain or obtain the required licenses and approvals could adversely affect our existing restaurants and delay or result in our decision to cancel the opening of new restaurants, which would adversely affect our results of operations.
Alcoholic beverage control regulations require each of our restaurants to apply to a state authority and, in certain locations, county or municipal authorities for a license or permit to sell alcoholic beverages on-premises and to provide service for extended hours and on Sundays. Alcoholic beverage control regulations relate to numerous aspects of daily operations of our restaurants, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hours of operation, advertising, trade practices, wholesale purchasing, other relationships with alcohol manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors, inventory control and handling, and storage and dispensing of alcoholic beverages. Any future failure to comply with these regulations and obtain or retain liquor licenses could adversely affect our results of operations.
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Our current insurance and the insurance of our franchisees may not provide adequate levels of coverage against claims.
We currently maintain insurance customary for businesses of our size and type. However, there are types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. Such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, we self-insure a significant portion of expected losses under our workers compensation, general liability and property insurance programs. Unanticipated changes in the actuarial assumptions and management estimates underlying our reserves for these losses could result in substantially higher losses than anticipated. Any substantial inadequacy of, or inability to obtain, insurance coverage could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our franchise agreements require each franchisee to maintain certain insurance types and levels. Certain extraordinary hazards, however, may not be covered, and insurance may not be available (or may be available only at prohibitively expensive rates) with respect to many other risks. Moreover, any loss incurred could exceed policy limits and policy payments made to franchisees may not be made on a timely basis. Any such loss or delay in payment could have a material and adverse effect on a franchisees ability to satisfy obligations under the franchise agreement, including the ability to make royalty payments.
We also require franchisees to maintain general liability insurance coverage to protect against the risk of product liability and other risks and demand strict franchisee compliance with health and safety regulations. However, franchisees may receive or produce defective food or beverage products, which may materially adversely affect our brands goodwill and our business. Further, a franchisees failure to comply with health and safety regulations, including requirements relating to food quality or preparation, could subject them, and possibly us, to litigation. Any litigation, including the imposition of fines or damage awards, could adversely affect the ability of a franchisee to make royalty payments or could generate negative publicity or otherwise adversely affect us.
Fluctuations in exchange rates affect our revenue.
We are subject to inherent risks attributed to operating in a global economy. Most of our revenue, costs, and debts are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, sales made by franchisees outside of the United States are denominated in the currency of the country in which the point of distribution is located, and this currency could become less valuable prior to calculation of our royalty payments in U.S. dollars as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. As a result, currency fluctuations could reduce our royalty income. Unfavorable currency fluctuations could result in a reduction in our revenue.
Our business is subject to various laws and regulations and changes in such laws and regulations, and/or failure to comply with existing or future laws and regulations, could adversely affect us.
We are subject to state franchise registration requirements, the rules and regulations of the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, various state laws regulating the offer and sale of franchises in the United States through the provision of franchise disclosure documents containing certain mandatory disclosures, various state laws regulating the franchise relationship, and certain rules and requirements regulating franchising arrangements in foreign countries. Although we believe that our franchise disclosure documents, together with any applicable state-specific versions or supplements, and franchising procedures that we use comply in all material respects with both the FTC guidelines and all applicable state laws regulating franchising in those states in which we offer and grant new franchise arrangements, noncompliance could reduce anticipated royalty income, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
We and our franchisees are subject to various existing United States federal, state, local, and foreign laws affecting the operation of the restaurants, including various health, sanitation, fire, and safety standards.
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Franchisees may in the future become subject to regulation (or further regulation) seeking to tax or regulate high-fat foods, to limit the serving size of beverages containing sugar, to ban the use of certain packaging materials, or to require the display of detailed nutrition information. Each of these regulations would be costly to comply with and/or could result in reduced demand for our products.
The impact of current laws and regulations, the effect of future changes in laws or regulations that impose additional requirements and the consequences of litigation relating to current or future laws and regulations, or our inability to respond effectively to significant regulatory or public policy issues, could increase our compliance and other costs of doing business and therefore have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Failure to comply with the laws and regulatory requirements of federal, state, local and foreign authorities could result in, among other things, revocation of required licenses, administrative enforcement actions, fines and civil and criminal liability. In addition, certain laws, including the ADA, could require us or our franchisees to expend significant funds to make modifications to our restaurants if we failed to comply with applicable standards. Compliance with all of these laws and regulations can be costly and can increase our exposure to litigation or governmental investigations or proceedings.
We and our franchisees may experience increased costs for employee health care benefits.
Minimum employee health care coverage mandated by state or federal legislation, such as the federal healthcare reform legislation that became law in March 2010 (known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or the PPACA), could significantly increase our employee health benefit costs or require us to alter the benefits we provide to our employees. While we are assessing the potential impact the PPACA will have on our business, certain of the mandates in the legislation are not yet effective. If our or our franchisees employee health benefit costs increase, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to offset these costs through increased revenue or reductions in other costs, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Damage to our reputation or lack of acceptance of our brand in existing or new markets could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We believe we have built our reputation on the high quality and bold, distinctive and craveable flavors of our food, value and service, and we must protect and grow the value of our brand to continue to be successful in the future. Any incident that erodes consumer affinity for our brand could significantly reduce its value and damage our business. For example, our brand value could suffer and our business could be adversely affected if customers perceive a reduction in the quality of our food, value or service or otherwise believe we have failed to deliver a consistently positive experience.
We may be adversely affected by news reports or other negative publicity, regardless of their accuracy, regarding food quality issues, public health concerns, illness, safety, injury, or government or industry findings concerning our restaurants, restaurants operated by other foodservice providers, or others across the food industry supply chain. The risks associated with such negative publicity cannot be eliminated or completely mitigated and may materially affect our business.
Opening new restaurants in existing markets may negatively affect sales at existing restaurants.
We intend to continue opening new franchised restaurants in our existing markets as a core part of our growth strategy. Expansion in existing markets may be affected by local economic and market conditions. Further, the customer target area of our restaurants varies by location, depending on a number of factors, including population density, other local retail and business attractions, area demographics and geography. As a result, the opening of a new restaurant in or near markets in which our restaurants already exist could adversely affect the sales of these existing restaurants. We and our franchisees may selectively open new restaurants in and around areas of existing restaurants. Sales cannibalization between restaurants may become significant in the future as we continue to expand our operations and could affect sales growth, which could, in turn, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Our expansion into international markets exposes us to a number of risks that may differ in each country where we have franchise restaurants.
We currently have franchised restaurants in Mexico, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Russia and the United Arab Emirates (opened in 2015) and plan to continue to grow internationally. However, international operations are in early stages. Expansion in international markets may be affected by local economic and market conditions. Therefore, as we expand internationally, our franchisees may not experience the operating margins we expect, and our results of operations and growth may be materially and adversely affected. Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected if the global markets in which our franchised restaurants compete are affected by changes in political, economic or other factors. These factors, over which neither our franchisees nor we have control, may include:
| recessionary or expansive trends in international markets; |
| changing labor conditions and difficulties in staffing and managing our foreign operations; |
| increases in the taxes we pay and other changes in applicable tax laws; |
| legal and regulatory changes, and the burdens and costs of our compliance with a variety of foreign laws; |
| changes in inflation rates; |
| changes in exchange rates and the imposition of restrictions on currency conversion or the transfer of funds; |
| difficulty in protecting our brand, reputation and intellectual property; |
| difficulty in collecting our royalties and longer payment cycles; |
| expropriation of private enterprises; |
| anti-American sentiment in certain locations and the identification of the Wingstop brand as an American brand; |
| political and economic instability; and |
| other external factors. |
Our success depends in part upon effective advertising and marketing campaigns, which may not be successful, and franchisee support of such advertising and marketing campaigns.
We believe the Wingstop brand is critical to our business and expend resources in our marketing efforts using a variety of media. We expect to continue to conduct brand awareness programs and customer initiatives to attract and retain customers. Should our advertising and promotions not be effective, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
The support of our franchisees is critical for the success of the advertising and marketing campaigns we seek to undertake, and the successful execution of these campaigns will depend on our ability to maintain alignment with our franchisees. Our franchisees are currently required to contribute two percent of their gross sales to a common ad fund to support the development of new products, brand development and national marketing programs. Our current form of franchise agreement also requires franchisees to spend at least one percent of gross sales directly on local advertising, but the majority of our franchisees are not subject to such requirement. Franchisees also may be required to contribute approximately two percent of gross sales to a cooperative advertising association when a franchisee and at least one other restaurant operator have opened restaurants in the same DMA (the cooperative advertising contribution is credited toward the 1% minimum spend). While we maintain control over advertising and marketing materials and can mandate certain strategic initiatives pursuant to our franchise agreements, we need the active support of our franchisees if the implementation of these initiatives is to be successful. If our initiatives are not successful, resulting in expenses incurred without the benefit of higher revenue, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely effected.
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Food safety, food-borne illness and other health concerns may have an adverse effect on our business.
Food safety is a top priority, and we dedicate substantial resources to ensure that our customers enjoy safe, quality food products. However, food-borne illnesses, such as salmonella, E. coli or hepatitis A, and food safety issues have occurred in the food industry in the past, and could occur in the future. Any report or publicity linking our restaurants to instances of food-borne illness or other food safety issues, including food tampering or contamination, could adversely affect our brand and reputation as well as our revenue and profits. Even instances of food-borne illness, food tampering or food contamination occurring solely at restaurants of our competitors could result in negative publicity about the food service industry or fast casual restaurants generally and adversely impact our restaurants.
In addition, our reliance on third-party food suppliers and distributors increases the risk that food-borne illness incidents could be caused by factors outside of our control and that multiple restaurants would be affected rather than a single restaurant. We cannot assure that all food items are properly maintained during transport throughout the supply chain and that our employees and our franchisees and their employees will identify all products that may be spoiled and should not be used in our restaurants. In addition, our industry has long been subject to the threat of food tampering by suppliers and employees, such as the addition of foreign objects in the food that we sell. Reports, whether or not true, of injuries caused by food tampering have in the past severely injured the reputations and brands of restaurant chains in the quick service restaurant segment and could affect us in the future as well. If our customers become ill from food-borne illnesses, we could also be forced to temporarily close some restaurants. Furthermore, any instances of food contamination, whether or not at our restaurants, could subject our restaurants or our suppliers to a food recall pursuant to the Food and Drug Administration Food Safety Modernization Act.
Furthermore, the United States and other countries have also experienced, and may experience in the future, outbreaks of viruses, such as H1N1, avian influenza, various other forms of influenza, enterovirus, SARS and Ebola. To the extent that a virus is transmitted by human-to-human contact, our employees or customers could become infected or could choose, or be advised, to avoid gathering in public places and avoid eating in restaurant establishments such as our restaurants, which could adversely affect our business.
We are vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences and regulation of consumer eating habits that could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
Consumer preferences often change rapidly and without warning, moving from one trend to another among many product or retail concepts. We depend on trends regarding away-from-home or take-out dining. Consumer preferences towards away-from-home and take-out dining or certain food products might shift as a result of, among other things, health concerns or dietary trends related to cholesterol, carbohydrate, fat and salt content of certain food items, including chicken wings, in favor of foods that are perceived as more healthy. Our menu is currently comprised primarily of chicken wings and a change in consumer preferences away from these offerings would have a material adverse effect on our business. Negative publicity over the health aspects of the food items we sell may adversely affect demand for our menu items and could result in lower traffic, sales and results of operations. Our continued success will depend in part on our ability to anticipate, identify and respond to changing consumer preferences.
Regulations and consumer eating habits may continue to change as a result of new information and attitudes regarding diet and health. These changes may include regulations that impact the ingredients and nutritional content of our menu items. The federal government, as well as a number of states, counties and cities, have enacted menu labeling laws requiring multi-unit restaurant operators to make certain nutritional information available to customers or have enacted legislation prohibiting the sales of certain types of ingredients in restaurants. For example, the PPACA mandates menu labeling of certain nutritional aspects of restaurant menu items such as caloric, sugar, sodium, and fat content. California, a state in which 25% of our domestic restaurants are located, has also enacted menu labeling laws. Altering our recipes in response to such legislation could
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increase our costs and/or change the flavor profile of our menu offerings which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Additionally, if our customers perceive our menu items to contain unhealthy caloric, sugar, sodium, or fat content, our results of operations could be adversely affected. The success of our restaurant operations depends, in part, upon our ability to effectively respond to changes in consumer health and disclosure regulations and to adapt our menu offerings to fit the dietary needs and eating habits of our customers without sacrificing flavor. To the extent we are unable to respond with appropriate changes to our menu offerings, it could materially affect customer traffic and our results of operations. Furthermore, a change in our menu could result in a decrease in customer traffic.
We depend upon our executive officers and management team and may not be able to retain or replace these individuals or recruit additional personnel, which could harm our business.
We believe that we have already benefited and expect to benefit substantially in the future from the leadership and experience of our executive officers and management team. The loss of the services of any of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects, as we may not be able to find suitable individuals to replace such personnel on a timely basis. In addition, any such departure could be viewed in a negative light by investors and analysts, which could cause our common stock price to decline. As our business expands, our future success will depend greatly on our continued ability to attract and retain highly-skilled and qualified executive-level personnel. Our inability to attract and retain qualified executive officers in the future could impair our growth and harm our business.
The number of new franchised Wingstop restaurants that actually open in the future may differ materially from the number of signed commitments from potential existing and new franchisees.
The number of new franchised Wingstop restaurants that actually open in the future may differ materially from the number of signed commitments from potential existing and new franchisees. As of December 27, 2014, we had 503 total restaurant commitments sold domestically and 310 total restaurant commitments sold internationally. Historically, a portion of our commitments sold have not ultimately opened as new franchised Wingstop restaurants. On an annual basis for the past four years approximately 10% - 20% of the total domestic commitments sold have been terminated. The historic conversion rate of signed commitments to new franchised Wingstop locations may not be indicative of the conversion rates we will experience in the future and the total number of new franchised Wingstop restaurants actually opened in the future may differ materially from the number of signed commitments disclosed at any point in time.
Our stated sales to investment ratio and average unlevered cash-on-cash return may not be indicative of future results of any new franchised restaurant.
Initial investment levels, AUV levels, restaurant-level operating costs and restaurant-level operating profit of any new restaurant may differ from average levels experienced by franchisees in prior periods due to a variety of factors, and these differences may be material. Accordingly, our stated sales to investment ratio and average unlevered cash-on-cash return may not be indicative of future results of any new franchised restaurant. In addition, estimated initial investment costs and restaurant-level operating costs are based on information self-reported by our franchisees and have not been verified by us. Furthermore, performance of new restaurants is impacted by a range of risks and uncertainties beyond our or our franchisees control, including those described by other risk factors described in this prospectus.
Our failure or inability to enforce our trademarks or other proprietary rights could adversely affect our competitive position or the value of our brand.
We believe that our trademarks and other proprietary rights are important to our success and our competitive position, and, therefore, we devote resources to the protection of our trademarks and proprietary rights. The protective actions that we take, however, may not be enough to prevent unauthorized use or imitation by others, which could harm our image, brand or competitive position. If we commence litigation to enforce our rights, we will incur significant legal fees.
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We cannot assure you that third parties will not claim infringement by us of their proprietary rights in the future. Any such claim, whether or not it has merit, could be time-consuming and distracting for executive management, result in costly litigation, cause changes to existing menu items or delays in introducing new menu items, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. As a result, any such claim could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws or trade control laws, as well as other laws governing our operations. If we fail to comply with these laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, other remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We and our franchisees are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we do business. The FCPA, UK Bribery Act and these other laws generally prohibit us, our food service personnel, our franchisees, their food service personnel and intermediaries from bribing, being bribed or making other prohibited payments to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage. We operate in a number of jurisdictions that pose a high risk of potential FCPA violations, and we participate in joint ventures and relationships with third parties whose actions could potentially subject us to liability under the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.
We and our franchisees are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations, including regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerces Bureau of Industry and Security, the U.S. Department of Treasurys Office of Foreign Asset Control, and various non-U.S. government entities, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions on countries and persons, customs requirements, currency exchange regulations and transfer pricing regulations, or collectively, Trade Control laws.
However, there is no assurance that we and our franchisees will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance with all applicable anticorruption laws, including the FCPA or other legal requirements, including Trade Control laws. If we or our franchisees are not in compliance with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws, we or our franchisees may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other sanctions and remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Likewise, any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws by United States or foreign authorities could also have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may need additional capital in the future, and it may not be available on acceptable terms.
We have historically relied upon cash generated by our operations and our senior secured credit facility to fund our operations and strategy. In the future, we intend to rely on funds from operations and, if necessary, our senior secured credit facility. We may also need to access the debt and equity capital markets. There can be no assurance, however, that these sources of financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance, investor sentiment and our ability to incur additional debt in compliance with agreements governing our then-outstanding debt. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms or conditions of additional financings unattractive to us. If we are unable to generate sufficient funds from operations or raise additional capital, our growth could be impeded.
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Our existing senior secured credit facility contains financial covenants, negative covenants and other restrictions and failure to comply with these requirements could cause the related indebtedness to become due and payable and limit our ability to incur additional debt.
The lenders obligation to extend credit under our existing senior secured credit facility depends upon our maintaining certain financial covenants. In particular, our senior secured credit facility requires us to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio and a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. Failure to maintain these ratios could result in an acceleration of outstanding amounts under the term loan and restrict us from borrowing amounts under the revolving credit facility to fund our future liquidity requirements. In addition, our credit facility contains certain negative covenants, which, among other things, limit our ability to:
| incur additional indebtedness; |
| pay dividends and make other restrictive payments beyond specified levels; |
| create or permit liens; |
| dispose of certain assets; |
| make certain investments; |
| engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and |
| consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our assets. |
Our ability to make scheduled payments and comply with financial covenants will depend on our operating and financial performance, which, in turn, is subject to prevailing economic conditions and to other financial, business and other factors beyond our control described herein.
We will incur significantly increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to compliance efforts.
We will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses as a result of being a public company. The Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as related rules implemented by the SEC, have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. In addition, rules that the SEC is implementing or is required to implement pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act are expected to require additional changes. We expect that compliance with these and other similar laws, rules and regulations, including compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, will substantially increase our expenses, including our legal and accounting costs, and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We also expect these laws, rules and regulations to make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage, which may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as officers. Although the JOBS Act may, for a limited period of time, somewhat lessen the cost of complying with these additional regulatory and other requirements, we nonetheless expect a substantial increase in legal, accounting, insurance and certain other expenses in the future, which will negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.
The JOBS Act will allow us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations intended to protect investors and to reduce the amount of information we provide in our reports filed with the SEC. We cannot be certain if this reduced disclosure will make our common stock less attractive to Investors.
The JOBS Act, is intended to reduce the regulatory burden on emerging growth companies. As defined in the JOBS Act, a public company whose initial public offering of common equity securities occurred after December 8, 2011 and whose annual gross revenue are less than $1.0 billion will, in general, qualify as an emerging growth company until the earliest of:
| the last day of its fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering of common equity securities; |
| the last day of its fiscal year in which it has annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more; |
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| the date on which it has, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and |
| the date on which it is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which will occur at such time as the company (1) has an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700.0 million or more as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) has been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (3) has filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act. |
Under this definition, we will be an emerging growth company upon completion of this offering and could remain an emerging growth company until as late as December 26, 2020. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will, among other things:
| not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; |
| not be required to hold a nonbinding advisory stockholder vote on executive compensation pursuant to Section 14A(a) of the Exchange Act; |
| not be required to seek stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved pursuant to Section 14A(b) of the Exchange Act; |
| be exempt from any rule adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplemental auditor discussion and analysis; and |
| be subject to reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. |
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can use the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This permits an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
Furthermore, if we take advantage of some or all of the reduced disclosure requirements above, we cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
As a public reporting company, we will be subject to rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC regarding our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to remediate material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or otherwise establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, or report them in a timely manner.
Upon completion of this offering, we will become a public reporting company subject to the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and Nasdaq. These rules and regulations will require, among other things, that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal controls over financial reporting. Reporting obligations as a public company are likely to place a considerable strain on our financial and management systems, processes and controls, as well as on our personnel.
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In addition, as a public company we will be required to document and test our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act so that our management can certify as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting by the time our second annual report is filed with the SEC and thereafter, which will require us to document and make significant changes to our internal controls over financial reporting. Likewise, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at such time as we cease to be an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, although, as described in the preceding risk factor, we could potentially qualify as an emerging growth company until December 26, 2020.
In connection with the audit of our financial statements for the years ended December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified material weaknesses related to a lack of sufficient information technology controls, policies and procedures, a lack of adequate accounting policies and procedures and a lack of internal control procedures related to the accounting for income taxes. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal controls such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected in a timely basis. The material weaknesses related to the lack of adequate accounting policies and procedures and income taxes no longer existed as of December 27, 2014. Following the identification of these material weaknesses, we made investments in our accounting resources, including the hiring of a new CFO and controller, documenting policies and procedures, and implementing new controls, such as enhanced internal review procedures during the financial reporting and disclosure process. We also continue to make additional enhancements to our accounting policies and procedures and internal control procedures related to the accounting for income taxes. In addition, we continue to take the necessary steps to remediate the material weakness regarding information technology that existed as of December 27, 2014. We expect to incur costs related to implementing an internal audit and compliance function in the upcoming years to further improve our internal control environment. If we fail to effectively remediate deficiencies in our control environment or are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over information technology, financial reporting and disclosure controls to meet the demands that will be placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results, or report them within the timeframes required by the SEC. In addition, if there are any future material weaknesses that impact our ability to prepare timely and accurate financial statements, this may cause a default under our senior secured credit facility, which could result in our inability to access funds or result in an acceleration of such facility.
If our senior management is unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, or to certify the effectiveness of such controls, or if our independent registered public accounting firm cannot render an unqualified opinion on managements assessment and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, when required, or if material weaknesses in our internal controls are identified, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of public and investor confidence, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our stock price. In addition, if we do not maintain adequate financial and management personnel, processes and controls, we may not be able to manage our business effectively or accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis, which could cause a decline in our common stock price and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
An impairment in the carrying value of our goodwill or other intangible assets could adversely affect our financial condition and consolidated results of operations.
We review goodwill for impairment annually, or whenever circumstances change in a way which could indicate that impairment may have occurred, and record an impairment loss whenever we determine impairment factors are present. Significant impairment charges could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of our Common Stock
Concentration of ownership by Roark may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
Upon consummation of this offering, Roark will beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately % of our outstanding common stock. See Principal and Selling Stockholders for more information on our beneficial ownership. As a result, Roark will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and approval of significant corporate transactions and will have significant control over our management and policies. We currently expect that, following this offering, 4 of the 7 members of our board of directors will be employees of Roark Capital Management, LLC, which is an affiliate of Roark. Roark can take actions that have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us or discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares, which could prevent stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares. These actions may be taken even if other stockholders oppose them. The concentration of voting power with Roark may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock. The interests of Roark may not be consistent with your interests as a stockholder. After the lock-up period expires, Roark will be able to transfer control of us to a third-party by transferring their common stock, which would not require the approval of our board of directors or our other stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that the doctrine of corporate opportunity will not apply against Roark, or any of our directors who are employees of or affiliated with Roark, in a manner that would prohibit them from investing or participating in competing businesses. To the extent Roark affiliated funds invest in such other businesses, they may have differing interests than our other stockholders. For example, Roark affiliated funds currently own and may choose to own in the future other restaurant brands through other investments, which may compete with our brands.
We will be a controlled company within the meaning of the rules of Nasdaq, and, as a result, we will rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to stockholders of other companies.
Upon completion of this offering, Roark will beneficially own more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock and we will be a controlled company under Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. As a controlled company, we will be exempt under Nasdaq listing standards from the obligation to comply with certain of Nasdaqs corporate governance requirements, including the requirements:
| that a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors, as defined under the rules of Nasdaq; |
| that we have a corporate governance and nominating committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committees purpose and responsibilities; and |
| that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committees purpose and responsibilities. |
Accordingly, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.
It is unknown as to the period of time during which Roark will maintain its majority ownership of our common stock following the offering. As a result, there can be no assurance as to the period of time during which we will be able to avail ourselves of the controlled company exemptions.
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There is no existing market for our common stock and we do not know if one will develop. Even if a market does develop, the stock prices in the market may not exceed the offering price.
Prior to this initial public offering, there has not been a public market for our common stock. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our company will lead to the development of an active trading market or otherwise, or how liquid that market may become. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling any common stock that you buy.
The initial public offering price for our common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering.
Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the public offering price.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including those described under Risks Related to Our Business and the following:
| potential fluctuation in our annual or quarterly operating results; |
| changes in capital market conditions that could affect valuations of restaurant companies in general or our goodwill in particular or other adverse economic conditions; |
| changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our common stock, our failure to meet these estimates or failure of those analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our common stock; |
| downgrades by any securities analysts who follow our common stock; |
| future sales of our common stock by our officers, directors and significant stockholders; |
| global economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance; |
| investors perceptions of our prospects; |
| announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures or capital commitments; and |
| investor perceptions of the investment opportunity associated with our common stock relative to other investment alternatives. |
In addition, the stock markets, and in particular Nasdaq, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many food service companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs and our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business.
Future sales of our common stock, or the perception in the public markets that these sales may occur, may depress our stock price.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares. Upon completion of this offering, we will have shares of common stock outstanding. The shares of common stock offered in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act of 1933, which we refer to as the Securities Act, except for any shares of our common stock that may be held or acquired by our directors, executive officers and other affiliates, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, which will be restricted securities under the Securities Act. Restricted
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securities may not be sold in the public market unless the sale is registered under the Securities Act or an exemption from registration is available.
After this offering, Roark will have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements registering additional shares of common stock, and Roark, members of management and certain other stockholders will have the right to require us to include shares of common stock in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or Roark. In order to exercise these registration rights, the holder must be permitted to sell shares of its common stock under applicable lock-up restrictions described below. Subject to compliance with applicable lock-up restrictions and restrictions under the registration rights agreement (both of which may be waived), shares of common stock sold under these registration statements can be freely sold in the public market. In the event such registration rights are exercised and a large number of shares of common stock are sold in the public market, such sales could reduce the trading price of our common stock. These sales also could impede our ability to raise future capital. See Shares Eligible for Future SaleRegistration Rights Agreement. In addition, we will incur certain expenses in connection with the registration and sale of such shares.
We, each of our officers and directors and substantially all of our stockholders have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, with the underwriters not to dispose of or hedge any of the shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through the date 180 days after the date of this prospectus, except, in our case, for the issuance of common stock upon exercise of options under existing option plans. Morgan Stanley may, in its sole discretion, release any of these shares from these restrictions at any time without notice. See Underwriters.
All of our shares of common stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus may be sold in the public market by existing stockholders 180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to applicable volume and other limitations imposed under federal securities laws and subject to the transfer restrictions of certain stockholders set forth in the shareholder agreements. See Shares Eligible for Future Sale for a more detailed description of the restrictions on selling shares of our common stock after this offering.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as amended and restated in connection with this offering, may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws will include provisions that:
| authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to shares of undesignated preferred stock; |
| require that, after the investments funds associated with Roark collectively own less than 50% of our outstanding common stock, any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent; |
| specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only upon the request of a majority of our board of directors or, at the request of RC II WS so long as RC II WS (or its affiliates) owns at least 10% of the voting power of all outstanding shares of our common stock; |
| establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors; |
| establish that our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving three-year staggered terms; and |
| prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors. |
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These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management, and may discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change of control of our company that is in the best interest of our minority stockholders. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging future takeover attempts. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we have opted out of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which we refer to as the DGCL, but our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any interested stockholder (any stockholder with 15% or more of our capital stock) for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an interested stockholder is prohibited, subject to certain exceptions. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will contain provisions that have the same effect as Section 203 of the DGCL, except that they will provide RC II WS, any affiliated investment entity and any of their respective direct or indirect transferees of at least % of our outstanding common stock and any group as to which such persons are party to, do not constitute interested stockholders for purposes of this provision.
We do not expect to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future following this offering.
The continued operation and expansion of our business may require substantial funding. Accordingly, we do not anticipate that we will pay any cash dividends on shares of our common stock for the foreseeable future following this offering. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, including our senior secured credit facility and other indebtedness we may incur, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.
If you purchase shares in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution.
If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution in the book value of your stock, because the price that you pay will be substantially greater than the net tangible book value per share of the shares you acquire. The pro forma net tangible book value per share, calculated as of December 27, 2014 and after giving effect to the offering at an estimated initial public offering price of $ (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), is $ , resulting in dilution of your shares of $ per share. This dilution is due in large part to the fact that our earlier investors paid substantially less than the initial public offering price when they purchased their shares.
In addition, you will experience additional dilution upon the exercise of options to purchase our common stock, including those options currently outstanding and possibly those granted in the future, and the issuance of restricted stock or other equity awards under our stock incentive plans. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial additional dilution. See Dilution.
If securities analysts or industry analysts downgrade our shares, publish negative research or reports, or do not publish reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our business and our industry. If one or more analysts adversely change their recommendation regarding our shares or our competitors stock, our share price would likely decline. If one or more analysts cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our share price or trading volume to decline. As a result, the market price for our common stock may decline below the initial public offering price and you might not be able to resell your shares of our common stock at or above the initial public offering price.
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This prospectus contains statements about future events and expectations that constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future financial and operating performance and growth plans, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are not statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations of future results we express or imply in any forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, the following:
| overall macroeconomic conditions may impact our ability to successfully execute our growth strategy and franchise and open new restaurants that are profitable and to increase our revenue and operating profits; |
| the impact of the operating results of our and our franchisees existing restaurants on our financial performance; |
| the impact of new restaurant openings on our financial performance; |
| our ability to recruit and contract with qualified franchisees and to open new franchise restaurants; |
| our ability to develop and maintain the Wingstop brand, including through effective advertising and marketing and the support of our franchisees and the negative impact of actions of a franchisee, acting as an independent third party, could have on our financial performance or brand; |
| our and our franchisees reliance on vendors, suppliers and distributors or changes in food and supply costs, including any increase in the prices of the ingredients most critical to our menu, particularly bone-in chicken wings; |
| our and our franchisees ability to compete with many other restaurants and to increase domestic same store sales and average weekly sales; |
| our ability to successfully meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors concerning our annual or quarterly operating results, domestic same store sales or average weekly sales; |
| our expansion into new markets may present increased risks due to our unfamiliarity with those areas; |
| the reliability of our, our franchisees and our licensees information technology systems and network security, including costs resulting from breaches of security of confidential guest, franchisee or employee information; |
| legal complaints, litigation or regulatory compliance, including changes in laws impacting the franchise business model; |
| our and our franchisees ability to attract and retain qualified employees while also controlling labor costs; |
| publicity regarding other franchisors controlled by Roark; |
| potential fluctuations in our annual or quarterly operating results and the impact of significant adverse weather conditions and other disasters; |
| disruptions in our and our franchisees ability to utilize computer systems to process transactions and manage our business; |
| health concerns arising from outbreaks of viruses, including the impact of a pandemic spread of avian flu on our and our franchisees supply of chicken and concerns regarding food safety and food-borne illness; |
| our and our franchisees ability to obtain and maintain required licenses and permits or to comply with alcoholic beverage or food control regulations; |
41
| our ability to maintain insurance that provides adequate levels of coverage against claims; |
| fluctuations in exchange rates on our revenue; |
| our and our franchisees ability to successfully operate in unfamiliar markets and markets where there may be limited or no market recognition of our brand, including the impact that our expansion into international markets has on our exposure to risk factors over which neither we nor our franchisees have control; |
| the potential impact opening new restaurants in existing markets could have on sales at existing restaurants; |
| the effectiveness of our advertising and marketing campaigns, which may not be successful; |
| food safety issues, which may adversely impact our or our franchisees business; |
| changes in consumer preferences, including changes caused by diet and health concerns or government regulation; |
| the continued service of our executive officers; |
| our ability to successfully open new franchised Wingstop restaurants for which we have signed commitments; |
| our stated sales to investment ratio and average unlevered cash-on-cash return may not be indicative of future results of any new franchised restaurant; |
| our ability to protect our intellectual property; |
| our ability to generate or raise capital on acceptable terms in the future, including our ability to incur additional debt and other restrictions under the terms of our existing senior secured credit facility; |
| the JOBS Act allowing us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations intended to protect investors and to reduce the amount of information we provide in our reports filed with the SEC; |
| the costs and time requirements as a result of operating as a public company, including our ability to effectively remediate identified material weaknesses and improve internal control over financial reporting in order to comply with applicable reporting obligations; |
| future impairment charges; |
| the concentration of ownership by our principal stockholder and controlled company exemptions under Nasdaq listing standards; and |
| the impact of anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law, which could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock. |
Words such as anticipates, believes, continues, estimates, expects, goal, objectives intends, may, opportunity, plans, potential, near-term, long-term, projections, assumptions, projects, guidance, forecasts, outlook, target, trends, should, could, would, will and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. We qualify any forward-looking statements entirely by these cautionary factors. Other risks, uncertainties and factors, including those discussed under Risk Factors, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. We assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
42
We estimate, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) we will receive proceeds from the offering of approximately $ million, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.
We intend to use the proceeds from the sale of common stock by us in this offering:
| to repay an aggregate amount of $ million of outstanding indebtedness under our senior secured credit facility; |
| to pay a fee in an aggregate amount of $ million in connection with the termination of our management agreement with Roark Capital Management, LLC; and |
| the remainder, if any, for general corporate purposes. |
On March 18, 2015, we used borrowings under our senior secured credit facility and cash on hand to pay a $48.0 million dividend to our stockholders. As of , 2015, we had $ million of borrowings outstanding under our senior secured credit facility, which matures in March 2020. The weighted-average interest rate (including margin) under our senior secured credit facility was % for the quarter ended , 2015. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesSenior secured credit facility for a more detailed description of our senior secured credit facility.
Pending use of the net proceeds from this offering described above, we may invest the net proceeds in short- and intermediate term interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States government.
Assuming no exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares, each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
Each 1,000,000 share increase or decrease in the number of shares offered in this offering would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming that the price per share for the offering remains at $ (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
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During the first quarter of fiscal year 2015 and fiscal years 2013 and 2012, we paid cash dividends in the aggregate amounts of $48.0 million, $38.5 million and $19.3 million, respectively, to our stockholders. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and to repay indebtedness, and therefore we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is limited by restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries and us to pay dividends or make distributions to us under the terms of the agreements governing our indebtedness. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to compliance with covenants in current and future agreements governing our indebtedness, and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant.
Accordingly, you may need to sell your shares of our common stock to realize a return on your investment, and you may not be able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for them. See Risk FactorsRisks Related to this Offering and Ownership of our Common StockWe do not expect to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future following this offering.
44
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our capitalization as of December 27, 2014 (1) on an actual basis, (2) on a pro forma basis to reflect the completion of the reorganization and (3) on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give further effect to (i) the sale by us of shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid by us and (ii) the application of the net proceeds from this offering to us as described under Use of Proceeds.
The pro forma as adjusted information below is illustrative only, and our capitalization following the closing of this offering will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read the following information together with the information contained in Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
As of December 27, 2014 | ||||||||
Actual | Pro forma | Pro forma as adjusted | ||||||
(in thousands, except share data) | (unaudited) | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 9,723 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Long-term debt (including current portion): |
||||||||
Senior secured credit facility |
93,721 | |||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Stockholders equity (deficit): |
||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding, actual and pro forma and shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted |
479 | |||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
2,309 | |||||||
Accumulated deficit: |
||||||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(11,782 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total capitalization |
$ | (8,994 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or decrease each of cash and cash equivalents, senior secured credit facility, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders equity (deficit) and total capitalization on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
Each 1,000,000 share increase or decrease in the number of shares offered in this offering would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming that the price per share for the offering remains at $ (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
45
The table above:
| excludes, as of , 2015, shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted-average exercise price of $ per share; |
| excludes, shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our new equity compensation plan; and |
| assumed no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase up to an additional shares from us. |
46
If you invest in shares of our common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our common stock and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock upon the closing of this offering.
Dilution represents the difference between the amount per share paid by investors in this offering and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Net tangible book value per share as of , 2015 represented the amount of our total tangible assets less the amount of our total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding at , 2015. After giving effect to (i) our reorganization and (ii) the sale of the shares of common stock offered by us in this offering at a price of $ per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, and the application of the net proceeds from this offering to us as described under Use of Proceeds, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value (deficit) as of , 2015 would have been approximately $ million, or $ per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value to our existing stockholders of $ per share and an immediate dilution to new investors in this offering of $ per share.
The following table illustrates this per share dilution in net tangible book value to new investors:
Assumed initial public offering price per share |
$ | |||||||
Net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of , 2015 |
$ | |||||||
Increase per share attributable to new investors |
||||||||
|
|
|||||||
Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering |
||||||||
|
|
|||||||
Dilution per share to new investors |
$ | |||||||
|
|
A $1.00 increase (or decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase (or decrease) pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by $ million, or $ per share, and would increase (or decrease) the dilution per share to new investors by $ , based on the assumptions set forth above.
The following table sets forth, as of , 2015, the differences between the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, after giving effect to the total price paid and average price per share paid by existing stockholders and by the new investors in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) but before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
Shares purchased | Total consideration | Average price per share |
||||||||||||||||
Number | Percent | Amount | Percent | |||||||||||||||
Existing stockholders |
% | $ | % | $ | ||||||||||||||
New investors |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Total |
100 | % | $ | 100 | % | $ | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or decrease total consideration paid by new investors and the total average price per share by approximately $ and $ , respectively, assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same.
A 1,000,000 share increase (decrease) in the number of shares offered in this offering would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming that the price per
47
share for the offering remains at $ (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, the number of shares held by new investors will increase to , or % of the total number of shares of common stock after this offering and the percentage of shares held by existing stockholders will decrease to % of the total shares outstanding.
The foregoing discussion and tables assume no exercise of stock options to purchase shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of , 2015, at a weighted average exercise price of $ per share. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities or any options are exercised, new investors will experience further dilution.
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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
Wingstop Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on March 18, 2015. Prior to the completion of the reorganization, Wingstop Inc. had no material assets. On , 2015, Wing Stop Holding Corporation merged with and into Wingstop Inc., with Wingstop Inc. as the surviving corporation in the merger. Following the reorganization, the consolidated financial statements of Wingstop Inc. will reflect the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, but for historical periods, the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus are those of Wing Stop Holding Corporation. Accordingly, the following tables set forth the selected historical consolidated financial and other data of Wing Stop Holding Corporation for the periods and as of the dates indicated.
The selected historical consolidated financial and other data presented below for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 29, 2013 and December 28, 2012 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Wingstop utilizes a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the last Saturday of the calendar year. The fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 included 52 weeks. The first three quarters of our fiscal year consist of 13 weeks and our fourth quarter consists of 13 weeks for 52-week fiscal years and 14 weeks for 53-week fiscal years.
The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. This information should be read in conjunction with Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and our audited consolidated financial statements and each of their related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Year ended | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
|||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Income Data: |
||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||
Royalty revenue and franchise fees |
$ | 38,032 | $ | 30,202 | $ | 25,057 | ||||||
Company-owned restaurant sales |
29,417 | 28,797 | 26,534 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total revenue |
67,449 | 58,999 | 51,591 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cost and expenses: |
||||||||||||
Cost of sales |
20,473 | 22,176 | 21,262 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
26,006 | 18,913 | 15,896 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,904 | 3,030 | 2,930 | |||||||||
Earn-out obligation |
| | 2,500 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total costs and expenses |
49,383 | 44,119 | 42,588 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Operating income |
18,066 | 14,880 | 9,003 | |||||||||
Interest expense, net |
3,684 | 2,863 | 2,431 | |||||||||
Other (income) expense, net |
84 | (6 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income before income tax expense |
14,298 | 12,023 | 6,580 | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
5,312 | 4,493 | 3,000 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income |
$ | 8,986 | $ | 7,530 | $ | 3,580 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data: |
||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 14,370 | $ | 10,906 | $ | 10,421 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(363 | ) | (2,144 | ) | (1,447 | ) | ||||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(7,457 | ) | (9,842 | ) | (6,902 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 6,550 | $ | (1,080 | ) | $ | 2,072 |
49
Year ended | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share, per share and unit data) | December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
|||||||||
Per Share Data: |
||||||||||||
Earnings per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.19 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||
Diluted |
0.19 | 0.16 | 0.08 | |||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
47,423 | 46,179 | 45,405 | |||||||||
Diluted |
48,002 | 47,015 | 46,236 | |||||||||
Pro forma earnings per share (1): |
||||||||||||
Basic |
||||||||||||
Diluted |
||||||||||||
Selected Other Data (2): |
||||||||||||
Number of system-wide restaurants open at end of period |
712 | 614 | 546 | |||||||||
Number of domestic company restaurants open at end of period |
19 | 24 | 23 | |||||||||
Number of domestic franchise restaurants open at end of period |
652 | 569 | 510 | |||||||||
Number of international franchise restaurants open at end of period |
41 | 21 | 13 | |||||||||
System-wide sales |
$ | 678,771 | $ | 549,904 | $ | 457,315 | ||||||
Domestic restaurant AUV |
$ | 1,073 | $ | 974 | $ | 902 | ||||||
Number of restaurants opened (during period) |
102 | 74 | 57 | |||||||||
Number of restaurants closed (during period) |
4 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||
Company-owned restaurants refranchised (during period) |
5 | 0 | 1 | |||||||||
EBITDA (3) |
$ | 20,886 | $ | 17,916 | $ | 11,941 | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (3) |
$ | 24,378 | $ | 19,495 | $ | 15,615 | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA margin (4) |
36.1 | % | 33.0 | % | 30.3 | % | ||||||
Same Store Sales Data (5): |
||||||||||||
Domestic same store base (end of period) |
589 | 527 | 482 | |||||||||
Change in domestic same store sales |
12.5 | % | 9.9 | % | 13.8 | % |
As of | ||||||||
(in thousands) | December 27, 2014 | December 28, 2013 | ||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 9,723 | $ | 3,173 | ||||
Total assets |
120,236 | 113,451 | ||||||
Total long-term debt, net of current |
88,852 | 98,656 | ||||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(8,994 | ) | (20,262 | ) |
(1) | See note 18 to our consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | See the definitions of key performance indicators under Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsKey Performance Indicators. |
(3) | Please see footnote 3 to Prospectus SummarySummary Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data for our definitions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and why we consider them useful, as well as a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial performance measure, which is net income. |
(4) | Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total revenue. We present Adjusted EBITDA margin because it is used by management as a performance measurement of Adjusted EBITDA generated from total revenue. See Prospectus SummarySummary Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data for a discussion of Adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP measure and a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. |
(5) | We define the domestic same store base to include those domestic restaurants open for at least 52 full weeks. Change in domestic same store sales reflects the change in year-over-year sales for the domestic same store base. |
50
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion together with Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data, and the historical financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statements in this discussion regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in Risk Factors and Forward-Looking Statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.
Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday of each calendar year. Fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 were 52-week years. References to fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 are references to the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013, and December 29, 2012, respectively. Our fiscal quarters are comprised of 13 weeks each, except for 53-week fiscal years for which the fourth quarter will be comprised of 14 weeks, and end on the 13th Saturday of each quarter (14th Saturday of the fourth quarter, when applicable).
Overview
Wingstop is a high-growth franchisor and operator of restaurants that specialize in cooked-to-order, hand-sauced and tossed chicken wings. Founded in 1994 in Garland, Texas, we believe we pioneered the concept of wings as a center-of-the-plate item for all of our meal occasions. We offer our guests 11 bold, distinctive and craveable flavors on our bone-in and boneless chicken wings paired with hand-cut, seasoned fries and sides made fresh daily. Our menu is highly-customizable for different dining occasions, and we believe it delivers a compelling value proposition for groups, families, and individuals. Our average transaction size in 2014 was $15.61, as a result of our large, value-oriented family packs, as well as meals for two and individual combo meals, which start at approximately $8. Additionally, carry-out orders constituted approximately 75% of our sales during the same time period. Our concept has received numerous accolades, including recognition in 2014 as the Best Chicken Wings in the U.S. by Food and Wine, the #3 Fastest-Growing Chain by Nations Restaurant News, and the Best Franchise Deal in North America by QSR Magazine.
We are the largest fast casual chicken wings-focused restaurant chain in the world, and have demonstrated strong, consistent growth on a national scale. We have sold approximately 4 billion wings over the last 20 years, as we grew to 712 restaurants across 36 states and 6 countries, as of December 27, 2014. Wings are our center-of-the-plate specialty. While other concepts include wings as add-on menu items or focus on wings in a bar or sports-centric setting, we are singularly focused on wings, fries and sides, which generate approximately 90% of our sales. We have broad and growing consumer appeal anchored by a sought after core demographic of 18-34 year old Millennials, which we believe is a loyal consumer group that dines at fast casual restaurants more frequently. Increasing customer loyalty and brand awareness have enabled us to deliver positive domestic same store sales for 11 consecutive years through 2014, while growing our restaurant count at a 15.3% compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, over the same timeframe.
As of December 27, 2014, our restaurant base was 97% franchised, with 693 franchised locations (including 41 international locations) and 19 company-owned restaurants. We believe our simple and efficient restaurant operating model, low initial cash investment and compelling restaurant economics help drive continued system growth through both existing and new franchisees. Our wings, fries, sides, repeat restaurant operating model requires few ingredients and easy preparation within a small, flexible real estate footprint. We believe we offer an attractive investment opportunity for our franchisees as evidenced by our domestic average sales-to-investment ratio of 2.9x and the 37.5% increase in domestic restaurant count since the end of 2011. We believe our asset-light, highly-franchised business model generates strong operating margins and requires low capital expenditures, creating shareholder value through strong and consistent free cash flow and capital-efficient growth.
51
Growth Strategy and Outlook
We plan to grow our business by opening new franchised restaurants and increasing our same store sales, while leveraging our franchise model to create shareholder value.
| Domestic restaurant count has increased 37.5% since the end of 2011, with the pace of restaurant openings increasing each year. We expect to continue to increase the pace of openings and believe our domestic unit potential is approximately 2,500 units. |
| Domestic same store sales have increased for 11 consecutive years beginning in 2004, which includes 3-year cumulative domestic same stores sales growth of 36.2% since 2011. We anticipate further increases in domestic same store sales through improvements in brand awareness, flavor innovation, increases in online ordering and improved advertising media efficiency. |
| We believe our asset-light, highly-franchised business model generates strong operating margins and requires low capital expenditures, creating shareholder value through strong and consistent free cash flow and capital-efficient growth. |
The financial results provided herein reflect the fact that, to this date, we have been a private company and as such have not incurred costs typically found in publicly traded companies. We expect that those costs will increase our selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses, similar to other companies who complete an initial public offering.
In addition, we expect to recognize certain non-recurring costs as part of our transition to a publicly traded company consisting of professional fees, a termination fee associated with our management agreement with Roark and other expenses, which will be reflected in our SG&A expenses until the completion of this offering. Such costs and other non-offering expenses will be in addition to the estimated underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses.
Key Performance Indicators
Key measures that we use in evaluating our restaurants and assessing our business include the following:
Number of restaurants. Management reviews the number of new restaurants, the number of closed restaurants, and the number of acquisitions and divestitures of restaurants to assess net new restaurant growth, system-wide sales, royalty and franchise fee revenue and company-owned restaurant sales.
System-wide sales. System-wide sales represents net sales for all of our company-owned and franchised restaurants. This measure allows management to better assess changes in our royalty revenue, our overall store performance, the health of our brand and the strength of our market position relative to competitors. Our system-wide sales growth is driven by new restaurant openings as well as increases in same store sales.
Average unit volume (AUV). AUV consists of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for a trailing 52-week period or longer. AUV allows management to assess our company-owned and franchised restaurant economics. Our AUV growth is primarily driven by increases in same store sales and is also influenced by opening new restaurants.
Same store sales. Same store sales reflects the change in year-over-year sales for the same store base. We define the same store base to include those restaurants open for at least 52 full weeks. This measure highlights the performance of existing restaurants, while excluding the impact of new restaurant openings and closures. We review same store sales for company-owned restaurants as well as system-wide restaurants. Same store sales growth is driven by increases in transactions and average transaction size. Transaction size increases are driven by price increases or favorable mix shift from either an increase in items purchased or shifts into higher priced items.
52
Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization, with further adjustments for management fees and expense reimbursement, transaction costs, gains and losses on the disposal of assets, stock-based compensation expense and earn-out obligation. Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to differences in methods of calculation. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income and a further discussion of how we utilize this non-GAAP financial measure, see SummarySummary Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data.
The following table sets forth our key performance indicators for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 (in thousands, except unit data):
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Number of system-wide stores at period end |
712 | 614 | 546 | |||||||||
System-wide sales |
$ | 678,771 | $ | 549,904 | $ | 457,315 | ||||||
Domestic restaurant AUV |
$ | 1,073 | $ | 974 | $ | 902 | ||||||
Company-owned domestic AUV |
$ | 1,504 | $ | 1,206 | $ | 1,126 | ||||||
Change in domestic same store sales |
12.5 | % | 9.9 | % | 13.8 | % | ||||||
Change in company-owned domestic same store sales |
16.0 | % | 7.2 | % | 17.5 | % | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 24,378 | $ | 19,495 | $ | 15,615 |
Key Financial Definitions
Revenue. Our revenue is comprised of the collection of development fees, franchise fees, royalties, other fees associated with franchise and development rights, and sales of wings and other food and beverage products by our company-owned restaurants. The following is a brief description of our components of revenue:
Royalty revenue and franchise fees includes revenue we earn from our franchise business segment in the form of royalties, fees, and vendor contributions and rebates. Royalties consist primarily of fees earned from franchisees equal to a percentage of gross franchise restaurant sales of all restaurants developed under the applicable franchise agreement. The majority of our franchise agreements require our franchise owners to pay us a royalty of 5.0% of their gross sales net of discounts. Development agreements entered into on or after July 1, 2014 require our franchisees to pay us a royalty of 6.0% of their gross sales net of discounts. Franchise fees consist of initial development and franchise fees related to new restaurants, master license fees for international territories, fees to renew or extend franchise agreements and transfer fees. Initial franchise fees are recognized upon the opening of a restaurant and are impacted by the number of new franchise store openings in a specified period. Development and territory fees related to an individual restaurant are recognized upon the opening of each individual restaurant. Royalty revenue and franchise fees also include revenue from vendor contributions and rebates that are attributable to system-wide volume purchases and are received for general marketing and other purposes.
Sales from company-owned restaurants are generated through sales of food and beverage at company-owned restaurants.
Cost of sales. Cost of sales consists of direct food, beverage, paper goods, packaging, labor costs and other restaurant operating costs such as rent, restaurant maintenance costs and property insurance, at our company-owned restaurants. Additionally, a portion of vendor rebates attributable to system-wide volumes purchases are recorded in cost of sales. The components of cost of sales are partially variable in nature and fluctuate with changes in sales volume, product mix, menu pricing and commodity costs.
Selling, general and administrative. SG&A costs consist of wages, benefits, franchise development expenses, other compensation, travel, marketing, accounting fees, legal fees, sponsor management fees and other
53
expenses related to the infrastructure required to support our franchise and company-owned stores. SG&A costs also include voluntary contributions on behalf of the company to the advertising fund that we manage on behalf of all system-wide restaurants. We expect our SG&A expense to increase as we incur additional legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses associated with being a public company.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization includes the depreciation of fixed assets, capitalized leasehold improvements and amortization of intangible assets.
Earn-out obligation. Earn-out obligation is related to Wing Stop Holding Corporations acquisition of the equity interests of Wingstop Holdings, Inc. and was contingent upon specific revenue benchmarks. Expense was recorded when future payment was determined to be probable. There are no further earn-out obligations remaining under the acquisition agreement.
Interest expense. Interest expense includes expenses related to borrowings under our senior secured credit facility and amortization of deferred debt issuance costs.
Income tax expense. Income tax expense includes current and deferred federal tax expenses as well as state and local income taxes.
The Reorganization
Wingstop Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on March 18, 2015. Until the completion of the reorganization described in this prospectus, which occured on , 2015, Wingstop Inc. was a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Wing Stop Holding Corporation and had no material assets. Following the reorganization, the consolidated financial statements of Wingstop Inc. will reflect the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, but for historical periods, the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus are those of Wing Stop Holding Corporation. Accordingly, the following discussion currently relates to the consolidated financial and other data of Wing Stop Holding Corporation for the periods and as of the dates indicated and will relate to the consolidated financial and other data of Wingstop Inc. following the reorganization.
Significant Factors Impacting Historical Financial Results
Earn-out obligation. In accordance with the terms of the acquisition agreement related to Wing Stop Holding Corporations acquisition of the equity interests of Wingstop Holdings, Inc. on April 9, 2010, an earn-out payment, with a minimum payout of $0 and maximum payout of $5.0 million, which was contingent upon specific revenue benchmarks, was recorded at fair value on our balance sheet. We accrued an earn-out payable amount of $2.5 million, at the time of the acquisition, which was estimated based on managements forecasts of future operations. During the year ended December 29, 2012, we achieved the benchmarks specified in the acquisition agreement to trigger the additional earn-out payment of $2.5 million. Accordingly, an additional liability and expense was included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations, respectively, at December 29, 2012 and for the year then ended. During fiscal year 2013, we made the full $5.0 million payment due under the terms of the earn-out, and there are no further obligations related to the earn-out remaining under the acquisition agreement.
Refranchised restaurants. In February 2014, we sold five restaurants to an existing franchisee, which had a carrying value of $1.0 million, comprised of $610,000 in net assets and $442,000 in allocated goodwill, for proceeds of $1.1 million, resulting in a gain on disposal of approximately $100,000. In October 2012, we sold a restaurant to an existing franchisee, which had a carrying value of $150,000, comprised of $25,000 in net assets and $125,000 in allocated goodwill, for proceeds of $170,000, resulting in a gain on disposal of approximately $20,000.
54
Results of Operations
The following table presents the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the past three fiscal years expressed as a percentage of revenue:
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||
Royalty revenue and franchise fees |
56.4 | % | 51.2 | % | 48.6 | % | ||||||
Company-owned restaurant sales |
43.6 | 48.8 | 51.4 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total revenue |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||
Cost of sales (1) |
69.6 | % | 77.0 | % | 80.1 | % | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
38.6 | 32.1 | 30.8 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
4.3 | 5.1 | 5.7 | |||||||||
Earn-out obligation |
| | 4.8 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total costs and expenses |
73.2 | % | 74.8 | % | 82.5 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Operating income |
26.8 | % | 25.2 | % | 17.5 | % | ||||||
Interest expense, net |
5.5 | 4.9 | 4.7 | |||||||||
Other (income) expense, net |
0.1 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income before income tax expense |
21.2 | % | 20.4 | % | 12.8 | % | ||||||
Income tax expense |
7.9 | 7.6 | 5.8 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income |
13.3 | % | 12.8 | % | 6.9 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | As a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales. Exclusive of depreciation and amortization, shown separately. The percentages reflected have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures expressed as percentages when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them. |
Year ended December 27, 2014 compared to year ended December 28, 2013
The following table sets forth information comparing the components of net income in fiscal year 2014 and fiscal year 2013 (in thousands):
Year ended | Increase / (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
$ | % | |||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||
Royalty revenue and franchise fees |
$ | 38,032 | $ | 30,202 | $ | 7,830 | 25.9 | % | ||||||||
Company-owned restaurant sales |
29,417 | 28,797 | 620 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total revenue |
67,449 | 58,999 | 8,450 | 14.3 | % | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales (1) |
20,473 | 22,176 | (1,703 | ) | (7.7 | )% | ||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
26,006 | 18,913 | 7,093 | 37.5 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,904 | 3,030 | (126 | ) | (4.2 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total costs and expenses |
49,383 | 44,119 | 5,264 | 11.9 | % | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating income |
18,066 | 14,880 | 3,186 | 21.4 | % | |||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
3,684 | 2,863 | 821 | 28.7 | ||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net |
84 | (6 | ) | 90 | NM | (2) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income before income tax expense |
14,298 | 12,023 | 2,275 | 18.9 | % | |||||||||||
Income tax expense |
5,312 | 4,493 | 819 | 18.2 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net income |
$ | 8,986 | $ | 7,530 | $ | 1,456 | 19.3 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55
(1) | Exclusive of depreciation and amortization, shown separately. |
(2) | Not meaningful. |
Total revenue. Total revenue was $67.4 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $8.5 million, or 14.3%, compared to $59.0 million in the prior fiscal year.
Royalty revenue and franchise fees. Royalty revenue and franchise fees were $38.0 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $7.8 million, or 25.9%, compared to $30.2 million in the prior fiscal year. Royalty revenue increased by $6.3 million primarily due to an increase in the number of franchised stores from 590 in fiscal year 2013 to 693 in fiscal year 2014 and domestic same store sales growth of 12.5% resulting primarily from an increase in transaction counts. Franchise fees increased by $0.8 million driven by 102 franchise restaurant openings in 2014 compared to 74 restaurant openings in 2013.
Company-owned restaurant sales. Company-owned restaurant sales were $29.4 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $0.6 million, or 2.2%, compared to $28.8 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase is the result of company-owned domestic same store sales growth of 16.0%, resulting primarily from an increase in transaction counts. Same store sales increases of $4.0 million were partially offset by the refranchising of five corporate restaurants during the first quarter of 2014.
Cost of sales. Cost of sales was $20.5 million in fiscal year 2014, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 7.7%, compared to $22.2 million in the prior fiscal year. Cost of sales as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales was 69.6% in fiscal year 2014 compared to 77.0% in the prior fiscal year.
The table below presents the major components of cost of sales (in thousands):
Year ended December 27, 2014 |
As a % of company- owned restaurant sales |
Year ended December 28, 2013 |
As a % of company- owned restaurant sales |
|||||||||||||
Cost of sales: |
||||||||||||||||
Food, beverage and packaging costs |
10,327 | 35.1 | % | 11,147 | 38.7 | % | ||||||||||
Labor costs |
6,637 | 22.6 | % | 6,800 | 23.6 | % | ||||||||||
Other restaurant operating expenses |
4,688 | 15.9 | % | 4,972 | 17.3 | % | ||||||||||
Vendor rebates |
(1,179 | ) | (4.0 | )% | (743 | ) | (2.6 | )% | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total cost of sales |
$ | 20,473 | 69.6 | % | $ | 22,176 | 77.0 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food, beverage and packaging costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 35.1% in fiscal year 2014 compared to 38.7% in the prior fiscal year. The improvement is primarily due to a 15.2% reduction in commodities rates for bone-in chicken wings compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
Labor costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 22.6% in fiscal year 2014 compared to 23.6% in the prior fiscal year. The improvement is primarily due to the leveraging of fixed costs due to the company-owned domestic same store sales increase of 16.0% and the refranchising of 5 restaurants with lower AUV than the remaining company stores.
Other restaurant operating expenses as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 15.9% in fiscal year 2014 compared to 17.3% in the prior fiscal year. The improvement is primarily due to the leveraging of fixed costs due to the company-owned domestic same store sales increase of 16.0% and the refranchising of 5 restaurants with lower AUV than the remaining company stores.
Vendor rebates increased $0.4 million primarily due to a one-time reimbursement of transition costs from the companys change to a new distributor that offset expenses incurred in 2013 due to the transition.
56
Selling, general and administrative. SG&A expense was $26.0 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $7.1 million, or 37.5%, compared to $18.9 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase in SG&A is primarily due to headcount additions, consulting / professional fees, and $2.2 million of additional costs as we prepare to be a public company.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $2.9 million in fiscal year 2014, a decrease of $0.1 million, or 4.2%, compared to $3.0 million in the prior fiscal year. The refranchising of 5 restaurants caused a reduction in depreciation of $0.3 million which was mostly offset by additional capital expenditures.
Interest expense, net. Interest expense was $3.7 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $0.8 million, or 28.7%, from $2.9 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily due to the increased principal amount of indebtedness incurred under our senior secured credit facility in connection with an amendment and restatement of the facility completed in the fourth quarter of 2013.
Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $5.3 million in fiscal year 2014, yielding an effective tax rate of 37.2%, compared to an effective tax rate of 37.4% in prior fiscal year. The effective tax rate in 2014 is comparable to 2013.
Segment results. The following table sets forth our revenue and operating profit for each of our segments for the period presented (in thousands):
Year ended | Increase / (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
$ | % | |||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 38,032 | $ | 30,202 | 7,830 | 25.9 | % | |||||||||
Company segment |
29,417 | 28,797 | 620 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total segment revenue |
$ | 67,449 | $ | 58,999 | $ | 8,450 | 14.3 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Segment profit: |
||||||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 15,213 | $ | 13,106 | 2,107 | 16.1 | % | |||||||||
Company segment |
5,471 | 2,605 | 2,866 | 110.0 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total segment profit |
$ | 20,684 | $ | 15,711 | $ | 4,973 | 31.7 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franchise segment. Franchise segment revenue was $38.0 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $7.8 million, or 25.9%, from $30.2 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to 102 franchise restaurant openings, domestic same store sales growth of 12.5% driven primarily by an increase in transaction counts and an increase of $0.8 million in vendor rebates driven by system-wide volume increases.
Franchise segment profit was $15.2 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $2.1 million, or 16.1%, from $13.1 million in the prior fiscal year due to the growth in revenue offset by increases in SG&A.
Company segment. Company-owned restaurant sales were $29.4 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $0.6 million, or 2.2%, compared to $28.8 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase is the result of company-owned domestic same store sales growth of 16.0%, resulting primarily from an increase in transaction counts. Same store sales increases of $4.0 million were partially offset by the refranchising of five corporate restaurants during the first quarter of 2014.
Company segment profit was $5.5 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $2.9 million, or 110.0%, compared to $2.6 million in the prior fiscal year. The improvement is due to increase in sales, a 15.2% reduction in commodities rates for bone-in chicken wings and leveraging of fixed costs due to the company-owned comparable same store sales increase of 16.0%.
57
Year ended December 28, 2013 compared to year ended December 29, 2012
The following table sets forth information comparing the components of net income in fiscal year 2013 and fiscal year 2012 (in thousands):
Year ended | Increase / (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
$ | % | |||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||
Royalty revenue and franchise fees |
$ | 30,202 | $ | 25,057 | $ | 5,145 | 20.5 | % | ||||||||
Company-owned restaurant sales |
28,797 | 26,534 | 2,263 | 8.5 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total revenue |
58,999 | 51,591 | 7,408 | 14.4 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales (1) |
22,176 | 21,262 | 914 | 4.3 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
18,913 | 15,896 | 3,017 | 19.0 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3,030 | 2,930 | 100 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||
Earn-out obligation |
| 2,500 | (2,500 | ) | (100.0 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total costs and expenses |
44,119 | 42,588 | 1,531 | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating income |
14,880 | 9,003 | 5,877 | 65.3 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
2,863 | 2,431 | 432 | 17.8 | ||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net |
(6 | ) | (8 | ) | 2 | (25.0 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income before income tax expense |
12,023 | 6,580 | 5,443 | 82.7 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
4,493 | 3,000 | 1,493 | 49.8 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net income |
$ | 7,530 | $ | 3,580 | $ | 3,950 | 110.3 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Exclusive of depreciation and amortization, shown separately. |
Total revenue. Total revenue was $59.0 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $7.4 million, or 14.4%, compared to $51.6 million in the prior fiscal year.
Royalty revenue and franchise fees. Royalty revenue and franchise fees were $30.2 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $5.1 million, or 20.5%, compared to $25.1 million in the prior fiscal year. Royalty revenue increased $4.0 million primarily due to an increase in the number of franchised stores from 523 in fiscal year 2012 to 590 in fiscal year 2013 and domestic same store sales growth of 9.9% resulting from both an increase in transaction counts and average transaction size. An additional $0.6 million in vendor credits was received for the franchisee convention. The convention is held every 18 months, and there was no convention in 2012.
Company-owned restaurant sales. Company-owned restaurant sales were $28.8 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $2.3 million, or 8.5%, compared to $26.5 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase is the result of company-owned domestic same store sales growth of 7.2%, resulting primarily from an increase in average transaction size. Same store sales increases of $1.9 million, and a new restaurant opening in the first quarter of 2013 were offset by the refranchising of a restaurant in the fourth quarter of 2012.
Cost of sales. Cost of sales was $22.2 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $0.9 million, or 4.3%, compared to $21.3 million in the prior fiscal year. Cost of sales as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales was 77.0% in fiscal year 2013 compared to 80.1% in the prior fiscal year.
58
The table below presents the major components of cost of sales (in thousands):
Year ended December 28, 2013 |
As a % of company- owned restaurant sales |
Year ended December 29, 2012 |
As a % of company- owned restaurant sales |
|||||||||||||
Cost of sales: |
||||||||||||||||
Food, beverage and packaging costs |
$ | 11,147 | 38.7 | % | $ | 11,178 | 42.1 | % | ||||||||
Labor costs |
6,800 | 23.6 | 6,150 | 23.2 | ||||||||||||
Other restaurant operating expenses |
4,972 | 17.3 | 4,540 | 17.1 | ||||||||||||
Vendor rebates |
(743 | ) | (2.6 | ) | (606 | ) | (2.3 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total cost of sales |
$ | 22,176 | 77.0 | % | $ | 21,262 | 80.1 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food, beverage and packaging costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 38.7% in fiscal year 2013 compared to 42.1% in the prior fiscal year. The improvement is primarily due to an 11.3% reduction in commodities rates for bone-in chicken wings compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
Labor costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 23.6% in fiscal year 2013 compared to 23.2% in the prior fiscal year. The increase in cost is primarily due to increased field operations performance bonuses, a new restaurant opening, offset by leverage from same store sales growth.
Other restaurant operating expenses as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 17.3% in fiscal year 2013 compared to 17.1% in the prior fiscal year. Year over year increases from increased rent and marketing spend related to a new restaurant opening were offset by leverage from same store sales growth.
Selling, general and administrative. SG&A expense was $18.9 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $3.0 million, or 19.0%, compared to $15.9 million in the prior fiscal year. SG&A increased by $3.0 million primarily due to headcount additions to support growth as well as $0.6 million of expense related to the franchisee convention. The convention is held every 18 months, and there was no convention in 2012.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $3.0 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $0.1 million, or 3.4%, compared to $2.9 million in the prior fiscal year. Depreciation increased by $0.2 million mainly due to the opening of a company restaurant and two renovations, offset by decreased amortization.
Earn-out obligation. There was no earn-out obligation expense in fiscal year 2013 as compared to $2.5 million in the prior fiscal year. There are no further earn-out obligations remaining under the 2010 acquisition agreement.
Interest expense, net. Interest expense was $2.9 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $0.4 million, or 17.8%, from $2.4 million in 2012. The increase was primarily due to the increased principal amount of indebtedness incurred under our senior secured credit facility in connection with an amendment and restatement of the facility completed in the fourth quarter of 2013.
Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $4.5 million in fiscal year 2013, yielding an effective tax rate of 37.4%, compared to an effective tax rate of 45.6% in fiscal year 2012. The lower effective tax rate in 2013 is primarily due to the earn-out obligation of $2.5 million in 2012 that was not deductible for income tax purposes.
59
Segment results. The following table sets forth our revenue and operating profit for each of our segments for the period presented (in thousands):
Year ended | Increase / (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
$ | % | |||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 30,202 | $ | 25,057 | $ | 5,145 | 20.5 | % | ||||||||
Company segment |
28,797 | 26,534 | 2,263 | 8.5 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total segment revenue |
$ | 58,999 | $ | 51,591 | $ | 7,408 | 14.4 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Segment profit: |
||||||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 13,106 | $ | 10,801 | $ | 2,305 | 21.3 | % | ||||||||
Company segment |
2,605 | 1,432 | 1,173 | 81.9 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total segment profit |
$ | 15,711 | $ | 12,233 | $ | 3,478 | 28.4 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franchise segment. Franchise segment revenue was $30.2 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $5.1 million, or 20.5%, from $25.1 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to the net addition of 67 restaurants, domestic same store sales growth of 9.9%, and an increase of $1.0 million from vendor rebates driven by system-wide volume increases.
Franchise segment profit was $13.1 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $2.3 million, or 21.3%, from $10.8 million in the prior fiscal year due to the growth in revenue offset by growth in SG&A, including cost for our convention that was not included in 2012.
Company segment. Company-owned restaurant sales were $28.8 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $2.3 million, or 8.5%, compared to $26.5 million in the prior fiscal year. The increase is the result of company-owned domestic same store sales growth of 7.2%, resulting primarily from an increase in average transaction size. Same store sales increases of $1.9 million and a new restaurant opening in the first quarter of 2013 were partially offset by the refranchising of a restaurant in the fourth quarter of 2012.
Company segment profit was $2.6 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $1.2 million, or 81.9%, compared to $1.4 million in the prior fiscal year. The improvement is due to increase in sales, a 11.3% reduction in commodities rates for bone-in chicken wings and leveraging of fixed costs due to the company-owned comparable same store sales increase of 7.2%.
60
Quarterly Results
The following table sets forth certain unaudited financial and operating data in each fiscal quarter during fiscal year 2014 and 2013. The unaudited quarterly information includes all normal recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the information shown. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated and unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. All quarterly periods presented below include 13 weeks.
Year ended December 27, 2014 | Year ended December 28, 2013 | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter | ||||||||
Number of system-wide restaurants open at end of period |
||||||||||||||||
Number of company restaurants open at end of period |
||||||||||||||||
Number of domestic franchise restaurants open at end of period |
||||||||||||||||
System-wide sales |
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Total revenue |
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Operating income |
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Net income |
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Adjusted EBITDA (1) |
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Domestic restaurant AUV |
(1) | The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial performance measure, which is net income. Please see footnote 2 to Prospectus SummarySummary of Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA and why we consider it useful. |
Year ended December 27, 2014 | Year ended December 28, 2013 | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
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Fourth Quarter |
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Interest income, net |
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EBITDA |
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Adjusted EBITDA |
(a) | See Summary Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data for a more detailed description of the additional adjustments set forth above. |
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
General. Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash provided from operating activities, cash and cash equivalents on hand, and proceeds from the incurrence of debt. Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are working capital and general corporate needs. Our operations have not required significant working capital and, similar to many restaurant companies, we have been able to operate, and expect to continue to operate with negative working capital. We believe that our sources of liquidity and capital will be sufficient to finance our continued operations, growth strategy and additional expenses we expect to incur as a public company for at least the next twelve months.
The following table shows summary cash flows information for the fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands):
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
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Net cash provided by (used in): |
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Operating activities |
14,370 | 10,906 | 10,421 | |||||||||
Investing activities |
(363 | ) | (2,144 | ) | (1,447 | ) | ||||||
Financing activities |
(7,457 | ) | (9,842 | ) | (6,902 | ) | ||||||
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Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 6,550 | $ | (1,080 | ) | $ | 2,072 | |||||
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Operating activities. Our cash flows from operating activities are driven by sales at both franchise restaurants and company-owned restaurants, as well as franchise and development fees. We collect franchise royalties from our franchise owners on a weekly basis. Restaurant-level operating costs at our company-owned restaurants, unearned franchise and development fees and corporate overhead costs also impact our cash flows from operating activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $14.4 million in fiscal year 2014, an increase of $3.5 million, from $10.9 million in fiscal year 2013 primarily due to increased net income over the prior year, increased cash collected related to deferred revenue from franchise and development agreements, and the timing of the earn-out payment which occurred in 2013. The increase was partially offset by timing in accounts payable and accounts receivable.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $10.9 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $0.5 million, from $10.4 million in fiscal year 2012 primarily as a result of increased net income over the prior year and changes in deferred taxes. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was offset by the earn-out payment in 2013.
Investing activities. Our net cash used in investing activities was $0.4 million in fiscal year 2014, a decrease of $1.7 million, from $2.1 million in fiscal year 2013. The decrease in the use of cash was due to the proceeds of $1.1 million from the refranchising of 5 corporate restaurants as well as a decrease in capital expenditures.
Net cash used in investing activities was $2.1 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $0.7 million, from $1.4 million in fiscal year 2012. The increase was due to an increase in capital expenditures.
Financing activities. Our net cash used in financing activities was $7.5 million in fiscal year 2014, a decrease of $2.3 million, from $9.8 million in fiscal year 2013. The decrease was primarily due to a debt recapitalization in 2013 with a subsequent dividend payout to stockholders. Our board of directors authorized a dividend payout in the amount of $38.5 million after increasing the debt balance by $33.2 million. We did not have a recapitalization in 2014. This increase was offset by a higher principal payment in 2014 vs. 2013 including a voluntary payment of $5.0 million. We also paid a $5.0 million earn-out payment in fiscal year 2013, with a portion included within financing activities, as a result of hitting the performance objectives associated with Wing Stop Holding Corporations 2010 acquisition of the company.
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Our net cash used in financing activities was $9.8 million in fiscal year 2013, an increase of $2.9 million, from $6.9 million in fiscal year 2012. The increase in net cash used in financing activities was primarily due to the $2.5 million earn-out payment in 2013, with no comparable payment in 2012.
Senior secured credit facility. In December 2013, we entered into a $107.5 million amended and restated senior secured credit facility. In connection with the amendment, the principal balance of the term loan was increased to $102.5 million from the previous principal balance of $72.0 million during fiscal year 2012. We used a portion of the proceeds from the amended facility and cash on hand to pay a dividend of $38.5 million to our stockholders. As of December 27, 2014 the principal balance was $97.3 million, $69.3 million bears interest at 3.70% and $33.2 million bears interest at 3.74%.
The senior secured credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets and requires compliance with certain financial and non-financial covenants, including fixed charge coverage and leverage. We were in compliance with these covenants as of December 27, 2014. Failure to comply with these covenants in the future could cause an acceleration of outstanding amounts under the term loan and restrict us from borrowing under the revolving credit facility to fund our liquidity requirements.
In March 2015, we amended and restated the senior secured credit facility. In connection with the amended and restated facility, the facility size was increased to $137.5 million and is comprised of a $132.5 million term loan and a $5.0 million revolving credit facility. We used a portion of the proceeds from the amended and restated facility and cash on hand to pay a dividend of $48.0 million to our stockholders. Borrowings under the facility bear interest, payable quarterly, at our option at the base rate plus a margin (1.50% to 2.25%, dependent on our reported leverage ratio) or LIBOR plus a margin (2.50% to 3.25%, dependent on our reported leverage ratio), at the companys discretion. The amended and restated facility also extended the maturity date of the senior secured credit facility from December 2018 to March 2020. Principal installments ranging from $1.66 million to $3.31 million are due quarterly starting June 30, 2015, with all unpaid amounts due at maturity in March 2020. Subject to certain conditions, we have the ability to increase the senior secured credit facility by up to an additional $30.0 million.
Initial public offering. We believe that becoming a public company may provide additional sources of liquidity because we will have better access to public markets in order to raise additional capital. In addition, we believe that current conditions in the capital markets provide us with an attractive opportunity for an initial public offering.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 27, 2014 (in thousands):
Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||
Fiscal year 2015 |
Fiscal years 2016-2017 |
Fiscal years 2018-2019 |
Thereafter | |||||||||||||
Senior secured credit facility |
$ | 4,869 | $ | 13,997 | $ | 74,855 | $ | | ||||||||
Operating leases (a) |
1,250 | 2,205 | 1,477 | 2,954 | ||||||||||||
Interest payments |
2,969 | 5,433 | 2,176 | | ||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 9,088 | $ | 21,635 | $ | 78,508 | $ | 2,954 | ||||||||
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(a) | Includes base lease terms and certain optional renewal periods that are included in the lease term in accordance with accounting guidance related to leases. |
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Indemnifications. We are parties to certain indemnifications to third parties in the ordinary course of business. The probability of incurring an actual liability under such indemnifications is sufficiently remote so that no liability has been recorded.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No 2014-08. The amendments in ASU 2014-08 change the criteria for reporting discontinued operations while enhancing disclosures in this area. It also addresses sources of confusion and inconsistent application related to financial reporting of discontinued operations guidance in U.S. GAAP. Under the new guidance, only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations should be presented as discontinued operations. Those strategic shifts should have a major effect on the organizations operations and financial results. Examples include a disposal of a major geographic area, a major line of business, or a major equity method investment. In addition, the new guidance requires expanded disclosures about discontinued operations that will provide financial statement users with more information about the assets, liabilities, income, and expenses of discontinued operations. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, after December 31, 2015.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This update provides a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. This update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, which will require us to adopt these provisions in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early application is not permitted. This update permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are evaluating the effect this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We are evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements and have not yet selected a transition method.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No 2014-15. The amendments in ASU 2014-15 are intended to define managements responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organizations ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Under GAAP, financial statements are prepared under the presumption that the reporting organization will continue to operate as a going concern, except in limited circumstances. The going concern basis of accounting is critical to financial reporting because it establishes the fundamental basis for measuring and classifying assets and liabilities. Currently, GAAP lacks guidance about managements responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the organizations ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. This ASU provides guidance to an organizations management, with principles and definitions that are intended to reduce diversity in the timing and content of disclosures that are commonly provided by organizations today in the financial statement footnotes. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, after December 31, 2016. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Critical accounting policies are those that management believes are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and operating results, and require managements most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently
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uncertain. We base our estimates on historical experience, outside advice from parties believed to be experts in such matters, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies may result in materially different amounts being reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. Our significant accounting policies can be found in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. We consider the following policies to be the most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue consists of sales from franchise and development fees, international territory fees, franchise royalties and company-owned stores. Franchise fees are recognized as revenue when all material services or conditions relating to the store have been substantially performed or satisfied by us, which is typically when a franchised store begins operations. Development fees for the right to develop a store are recognized as revenue when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed, which is typically when the franchised store begins operations. International territory fees and development fees determined based on the number of stores to open in an area are deferred and recognized as revenue on a pro rata basis at the same time the individual franchise fee is recognized, typically when individual stores are opened. Franchise fee, development fee and international territory fee payments received by us before the restaurant opens are recorded as deferred revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Continuing royalties, which are a percentage of net sales of the franchisee, are recognized as income when earned. We record food and beverage revenue from company-owned stores upon sale to the customer. We collect and remit sales, food and beverage, alcoholic beverage and hospitality taxes on transactions with customers and reports such amounts under the net method in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accordingly, these taxes are not included in gross revenue. We receive consideration from vendors that we record as revenue to the extent the amounts are in excess of total expense of the vendors products.
Valuation of Goodwill, Long-Lived and Other Intangible Assets
Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of goodwill and trade names. Goodwill represents the residual after allocation of the purchase price to the individual fair values and carryover basis of net assets acquired. On an annual basis (during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year) or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, we review the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The impairment test for goodwill involves comparing the fair value of the reporting units to their carrying amounts. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a second step is required to measure a goodwill impairment loss, if any. This step revalues all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit to their current fair values and then compares the implied fair value of the reporting units goodwill to the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting units goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. The impairment test for trade names involves comparing fair value of the trade name, as determined through a discounted cash flow approach, to its carrying value.
Impairment indicators that may necessitate goodwill impairment testing in between our annual impairment tests include, but are not limited to the following:
| A significant adverse change in legal factors in the business climate; |
| An adverse action of assessment by a regulator; |
| Unanticipated competition; |
| A loss of key personnel; |
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| A more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of; and |
| The testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. |
Impairment indicators that may necessitate indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing in between our annual impairment tests are consistent with those of its long-lived assets.
Sales declines at Wingstop restaurants, unplanned increases in health insurance, commodity or labor costs, deterioration in overall economic conditions and challenges in the restaurant industry may result in future impairment charges. It is possible that changes in circumstances or changes in managements judgments, assumptions and estimates could result in an impairment charge of a portion or all of its goodwill or other intangible assets.
Property and equipment and finite-life intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We review applicable finite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets related to each restaurant on a periodic basis. Our assessment of recoverability of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets is performed at the component level, which is generally an individual restaurant. When events or changes in circumstances indicate an asset may not be recoverable, we estimate the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. If the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. The impairment loss is recognized by measuring the difference between the carrying value of the assets and the estimated fair value of the assets. Our estimates of fair values are based on the best information available and require the use of estimates, judgments, and projections. The actual results may vary significantly from the estimates.
Stock-Based Compensation
Our 2010 Stock Option Plan (the Plan) permits the granting of awards to employees, directors and other eligible persons in the form of stock options. The Plan is administered by our board of directors. The options granted under the Plan are generally exercisable within a 10-year period from the date of grant. Under the Plan, we had 6,062,596 shares authorized for issuance. The options are subject to either service-based or performance-based vesting. Service-based options contain a service-based, or time-based, vesting provision. Performance-based options contain performance-based vesting provisions primarily based on us meeting certain Adjusted EBITDA profitability targets for each fiscal year during the vesting period. Any options that have not vested prior to a change of control or do not vest in connection with a change of control or do vest but are not exercised will be forfeited by the grantee upon a change of control for no consideration. Options issued and outstanding expire on various dates up to the year 2024.
We measure equity-based awards granted to our employees at fair value on the grant date and recognize the corresponding compensation expense for those awards, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. We have elected to recognize compensation cost for graded-vesting awards subject only to a service condition over the requisite service period of the entire award.
We recognize compensation expense only for the portion of awards that are expected to vest. In developing a forfeiture rate estimate, we have considered our historical experience to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures for service based awards. The impact of a forfeiture rate adjustment will be recognized in full in the period of adjustment, and if the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, we may be required to record adjustments to equity-based compensation expense in future periods. These assumptions represent our best estimates, but involve inherent uncertainties and the application of our judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use significantly different assumptions or estimates, our equity-based compensation expense could be materially impacted in that period.
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Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences or events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. We are also required to record a valuation allowance against any deferred tax assets, if it is more likely than not that all or some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The determination is based upon our analysis of existing deferred tax assets, expectations of our ability to utilize these tax attributes through a review of historical and projected taxable income and establishment of tax strategies. If we are not able to implement the necessary tax strategies and our future taxable income is reduced, the amount of tax assets considered realizable could be reduced in the near term.
We only record tax benefits for positions that we believe are more likely than not of being sustained under audit examination based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. The amount of tax benefit recognized in the financial statements for any position are measured based on the largest amount of the tax benefit that we believe is greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Tax liabilities are adjusted as new, previously unknown information becomes available. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in estimation of tax liability, actual payment could be materially different from the estimated liability. These differences will impact the amount of income tax expense recorded in the period in which they are determined. Although we consider tax liabilities recorded for the years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, to be appropriate, the ultimate resolution of such matters could have a potentially material favorable or unfavorable impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Leases
We currently lease all of our domestic company-owned restaurants and our corporate office. At the inception of each lease, we determine its appropriate classification as an operating or capital lease. As of December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013 there were no leases classified as capital leases. For operating leases that include rent escalations, we record the base rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease including reasonably assured option renewal periods and the difference between the base cash rent paid and the straight-line rent expense is recorded as deferred rent.
We expend cash for leasehold improvements and to build out and equip our leased premises. Generally, a portion of the leasehold improvements and building costs are reimbursed to us by our landlords as construction contributions pursuant to agreed-upon terms in our leases. If obtained, landlord construction contributions for leasehold improvements usually take the form of up-front cash, full or partial credits against our future minimum or percentage rents otherwise payable by us, or a combination thereof. When contractually due to us, we classify tenant improvement allowances as deferred rent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortize the tenant improvement allowance on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a credit to occupancy and related expenses.
JOBS Act
We qualify as an emerging growth company pursuant to the provisions of the JOBS Act, enacted on April 5, 2012. Section 102 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. However, we are choosing to opt out of such extended transition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Our decision to opt out of the extended transition period is irrevocable.
On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to
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private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.
We are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if as an emerging growth company we choose to rely on such exemptions, we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditors attestation report on our systems of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditors report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officers compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply until we no longer meet the requirements of being an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.0 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our prior second fiscal quarter, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risks
Impact of inflation. The primary inflationary factors affecting our and our franchisees operations are food and beverage costs, labor costs, energy costs and the costs and materials used in the construction of new restaurants. Our restaurant operations are subject to federal and state minimum wage laws governing such matters as working conditions, overtime and tip credits. Significant numbers of our and our franchisees restaurant personnel are paid at rates related to the federal and/or state minimum wage and, accordingly, increases in the minimum wage increase our and our franchisees labor costs. To the extent permitted by competition and the economy, we have mitigated increased costs by increasing menu prices and may continue to do so if deemed necessary in future years. Substantial increases in costs and expenses could impact our operating results to the extent such increases cannot be passed through to our customers. Historically, inflation has not had a material effect on our results of operations. Severe increases in inflation, however, could affect the global and U.S. economies and could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Commodity price risk. We are exposed to market risks from changes in commodity prices. Many of the food products purchased by us are affected by weather, production, availability and other factors outside our control. Although we attempt to minimize the effect of price volatility by negotiating fixed price contracts for the supply of key ingredients, there are no established fixed price markets for bone-in chicken wings so we are subject to prevailing market conditions. Bone-in chicken wings accounted for approximately 25.0% and 26.1% of our company-owned restaurant costs of sales in fiscal years 2014 and 2013, respectively, with an annual average price per pound of $1.55 and $1.82, respectively. A hypothetical 10% increase in the bone-in chicken wing costs in fiscal year 2014 would have increased costs of sales by approximately $0.5 million during the year. We do not engage in speculative financial transactions nor do we hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. In instances when we use fixed pricing agreements with our suppliers, these agreements cover our physical commodity needs, are not net-settled, and are accounted for as normal purchases.
Interest rate risk. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, which bear interest at variable rates. As of December 27, 2014, we had $93.7 million outstanding under our credit facility. Derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swap agreements and interest rate
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cap agreements, may be used for the purpose of managing fluctuating interest rate exposures that exist from our variable rate debt obligations that are expected to remain outstanding. Interest rate changes do not affect the market value of such debt, but could impact the amount of our interest payments, and accordingly, our future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant. A hypothetical 1.0% percentage point increase or decrease in the interest rate associated with our credit facilities would have resulted in a $1.0 million impact on interest expense for the year ended December 27, 2014. In March 2012, the company entered into interest rate cap agreements for an aggregate notional amount of $25.5 million to minimize the variability of its cash flows related to a portion of its floating rate indebtedness. The interest rate cap agreement caps LIBOR at 1.5% from March 2012 through December 2014 with respect to the $25.5 million notional amount of such agreements. In March 2014, the company entered into an additional interest rate cap agreement for an additional notional amount of $24.4 million to minimize the variability of its cash flows related to a portion of its floating rate indebtedness. The interest rate cap agreement caps LIBOR at 2.50% from March 2014 through December 2016 with respect to the $24.4 million notional amount of such agreements. On December 31, 2014, the notional amount increased by $24.3 million to $48.7 million.
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OVERVIEW
The Wing Experts
Wingstop is a high-growth franchisor and operator of restaurants that specialize in cooked-to-order, hand-sauced and tossed chicken wings. Founded in 1994 in Garland, Texas, we believe we pioneered the concept of wings as a center-of-the-plate item for all of our meal occasions. We offer our guests 11 bold, distinctive and craveable flavors on our bone-in and boneless chicken wings paired with hand-cut, seasoned fries and sides made fresh daily. Our menu is highly customizable for different dining occasions, and we believe it delivers a compelling value proposition for groups, families, and individuals. Our average transaction size in 2014 was $15.61, as a result of our large, value-oriented family packs, as well as meals for two and individual combo meals, which start at approximately $8. Because our family packs are designed to serve more than one person and vary in size, we calculate our estimated price per person for a family pack based on an assumed number of people that each family pack typically serves depending on its size, ranging from four people for a 30 piece family pack to 12 people for a 100 piece family pack, yielding an average price of approximately $7 per person. Additionally, carry-out orders constituted approximately 75% of our sales during the same time period. Our concept has received numerous accolades, including recognition in 2014 as the Best Chicken Wings in the U.S. by Food and Wine, the #3 Fastest-Growing Chain by Nations Restaurant News, and the Best Franchise Deal in North America by QSR Magazine.
We are the largest fast casual chicken wings-focused restaurant chain in the world, and have demonstrated strong, consistent growth on a national scale. We have sold approximately 4 billion wings over the last 20 years, as we grew to 712 restaurants across 36 states and 6 countries, as of December 27, 2014. Wings are our center-of-the-plate specialty. While other concepts include wings as add-on menu items or focus on wings in a bar or sports-centric setting, we are singularly focused on wings, fries and sides, which generate approximately 90% of our sales. We have broad and growing consumer appeal anchored by a sought after core demographic of 18-34 year old Millennials, which we believe is a loyal consumer group that dines at fast casual restaurants more frequently. Increasing customer loyalty and brand awareness have enabled us to deliver positive domestic same store sales for 11 consecutive years through 2014, while growing our restaurant count at a 15.3% compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, over the same timeframe.
As of December 27, 2014, our restaurant base was 97% franchised, with 693 franchised locations (including 41 international locations) and 19 company-owned restaurants. We believe our simple and efficient restaurant operating model, low initial cash investment and compelling restaurant economics help drive continued system growth through both existing and new franchisees. Our wings, fries, sides, repeat restaurant operating model requires few ingredients and easy preparation within a small, flexible real estate footprint. We believe we offer an attractive investment opportunity for our franchisees as evidenced by our domestic average sales-to-investment ratio of 2.9x and the 37.5% increase in domestic restaurant count since the end of 2011. We believe our asset-light, highly-franchised business model generates strong operating margins and requires low capital expenditures, creating shareholder value through strong and consistent free cash flow and capital-efficient growth.
Exceptional Financial Performance
We believe our bold flavors, compelling value proposition, strong base of franchisees, growing brand awareness and focused development strategy drive strong operating results, as illustrated by the following:
| Domestic restaurant count has increased 37.5% since the end of 2011, with the pace of restaurant openings increasing each year; |
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| We have grown domestic same store sales 11 consecutive years through 2014, which includes three-year cumulative domestic same store sales growth of 36.2% since 2011; and |
| On a year-over-year basis, for fiscal year 2014, our total revenue increased by 14.3% to $67.4 million, our Adjusted EBITDA increased by 25.0% to $24.4 million, our Adjusted EBITDA margin increased 310 basis points to 36.1%, and our net income increased by 19.3% to $9.0 million. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP metric, to net income, see Summary Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data. |
The graphs below highlight the consistency of our exceptional performance and growth across our key metrics, including restaurant expansion and system-wide sales, domestic same store sales and domestic AUV.
Our Industry
We operate in the rapidly growing, fast casual segment of the restaurant industry. According to Technomic, the fast casual segment generated approximately $34.5 billion of sales in 2013, representing an 11.3% increase from 2012. Technomic projects the fast casual segment will exceed $54 billion in annual sales by 2018. According to Technomic, 2013 total sales for restaurants categorized as limited service restaurants, or LSRs, which includes the fast casual segment, increased 3.5% to $231.1 billion. Fast casual concepts, such as Wingstop, attract customers away from other restaurant segments and, accordingly, are generating faster growth than the overall restaurant industry and increasing market share relative to other segments.
Although many restaurants offer wings, we are the largest national, fast casual, wings-focused restaurant chain. While other concepts include chicken wings as add-ons to other food categories, such as pizza, but do not emphasize wings, wings are our center-of-the-plate specialty. Furthermore, unlike certain of our peers that are focused on wings in a bar or sports-centric setting with high capital investments, we are singularly focused on wings, fries and sides. Therefore, our small restaurant footprint, low investment, multiple day-part mix and predominant take-out business uniquely position us among our peers.
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OUR STRENGTHS
Our Wings
Wingstop is the destination when our guests crave fresh, cooked-to-order wings with bold, layered flavors that touch all of the senses. People who prioritize flavor prioritize Wingstopbecause it is more than a meal, it is a flavor experience. We speak in bold, distinctive and craveable flavors. Our dialect is our 11 proprietary flavors, which range from extremely hot to mild: Atomic, Mango Habanero, Cajun, Original Hot, Louisiana Rub, Mild, Hickory Smoked BBQ, Lemon Pepper, Garlic Parmesan, Hawaiian and Teriyaki.
Our diverse flavor offerings allow our guests to customize their experience. All of our wings are cooked-to-order, hand-sauced and tossed and served fresh to our guests for dine-in or carry-out. We never use heat lamps or microwaves in the preparation of our food. To complement our wings, we serve hand-cut, freshly-prepared seasoned fries, crafted from carefully-selected whole Russet potatoes. We complete the flavor experience with fresh carrots and celery and ranch and bleu cheese dips made from buttermilk in-house daily, as well as freshly-prepared side items, including coleslaw, bourbon baked beans, potato salad and freshly-baked yeast rolls. We believe our bold and distinctive flavors leave our guests craving more and create a differentiated and tailor-made flavor experience that drives repeat business and brand loyalty.
Our customizable menu and craveable flavors drive demand across multiple day-parts and occasions. Our 11 flavors, signature fries, freshly-prepared sides and numerous order options (eat-in / to go, individual / combo meals / family packs) allow guests to eat Wingstop during any occasion, whether it is a quick carry-out snack, dine-in dinner with friends or picking up a party size order for their favorite sporting event. Since our inception, we have received numerous accolades from both consumers and industry-leading publications for the quality of our food offering and strong brand appeal, including:
| Best Chicken Wings in the U.S., Food and Wine (2014); and |
| Best Menu Variety and Best Craveability, Nations Restaurant News (2014). |
Compelling Unit Economics
We believe the growing popularity of the Wingstop experience and the operational simplicity of our restaurants translate into attractive economics at our franchised and company-owned locations. Our compelling franchisee investment opportunity has been recognized across the industry, including by QSR magazine, which in 2014 named us The Best Franchise Deal in North America amongst fast casual and QSR brands. Additionally, existing franchisees accounted for approximately 69% of franchised restaurants opened in 2013 and 2014, which we believe further underscores our restaurant models financial appeal.
Our restaurants do not generally experience a honeymoon period of higher sales upon opening, but instead typically build year over year. Our domestic AUV has grown consistently, achieving $1.07 million during fiscal year 2014. In addition, new restaurant sales volumes in the first year of operation have improved 43% since 2006, with the 2013 new restaurant openings averaging approximately $820,000 during their first 52 weeks of operations, accelerating our franchisees return on investment. Our restaurants are approximately 1,700 square feet on average and yield average sales per square foot of $631 based on 2014 domestic AUV due to the high average domestic carry-out mix of 75% in 2014. Our operational simplicity results in low labor costs, further improving the profitability of our concept. Our operating model targets a low average estimated initial investment of approximately $370,000, excluding real estate purchase or lease costs and pre-opening expenses. In year two of operation, we believe that, on average, our franchisees can achieve an unlevered cash-on-cash return of approximately 35% to 40%. We believe low entry costs and high returns provide a compelling investment opportunity for our franchisees that has helped drive the continued growth of our system.
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Proven Portability
Our concept is successful across the United States, with restaurants operating in 36 states across varying geographic regions, population densities and real estate settings. We have had positive same store sales growth across a wide variety of major markets over the last three years, including Dallas / Ft. Worth, Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay area, Chicago, Houston, San Antonio, Miami, Denver and Memphis. Broad appeal and the simplicity of our restaurant operating model have supported our success across the country. While our concept has succeeded in a variety of real estate formats and locations, our preferred real estate site is an in-line or end-cap retail strip center location available in most shopping centers. The flexibility of our real estate model coupled with the broad appeal of our food has enabled us to profitably locate restaurants in both urban and suburban areas throughout the country. Accordingly, we believe our concept is well-positioned for continued system growth in both existing and new markets.
Social Engagement
We believe we have developed a broad, loyal and diverse guest base which is attracted to Wingstop by the unique flavor experience, product quality, brand personality and the convivial nature of eating wings. While we appeal to a broad demographic, we have been particularly successful at actively engaging the coveted Millennial consumer. Millennials leverage technology via smartphones and social media to connect with each other, search out dining experiences and voice their opinions, and we engage them on all of these fronts. We take pride in connecting with our guests, both inside and outside of our restaurants.
We believe much of our growth is attributable to our focus on meaningful consumer engagement, fueled by social media. We actively engage our core audience in conversation through key social media channels, which in turn drives our editorial calendar and advertising content. As of December 27, 2014, we had 601,462 Facebook followers, 82,494 Twitter followers and 20,667 Instagram followers, representing year-over-year growth of 145%, 147% and 464%, respectively. According to a report published by Forbes in November 2014, 30% of our almost 1 million followers across all social media platforms engage with our content over a period of 30 days, compared to an average 3% for the top 25 restaurants in social media cited in the same study. Our social game is just as strong as our wing game and we believe that this continues to inspire brand loyalty and repeat visits to our restaurants.
Results
We have demonstrated a consistent track record of strong financial performance:
| Domestic same store sales increased 13.8% in 2012, 9.9% in 2013 and 12.5% in 2014, representing three year cumulative domestic same store sales growth of 36.2%, driven primarily by an increase in transactions, which demonstrates the growing awareness and popularity of our brand; |
| Our domestic same store sales growth is even more meaningful given that we have had 11 consecutive years of positive same store sales; |
| From 2012 to 2014, our system-wide sales increased from $457 million to $679 million, which represents growth of 48.4% over the period; |
| Total revenue increased from $51.6 million in 2012, to $59.0 million in 2013, to $67.4 million in 2014, our Adjusted EBITDA increased from $15.6 million, to $19.5 million, to $24.4 million, respectively, and our net income grew from $3.6 million, to $7.5 million, to $9.0 million, respectively; and |
| From 2012 to 2014, our Adjusted EBITDA margin increased from 30.3% in 2012, to 33.0% in 2013, to 36.1% in 2014, while our capital expenditures were 3.1%, 3.6% and 2.2% of revenue, respectively, leading to high cash flow conversion. |
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Our Team
Our strategic vision and results-driven culture are directed by our executive management team under the leadership of our President and Chief Executive Officer, Charlie Morrison. Charlie joined Wingstop in 2012, bringing more than 20 years of experience in the restaurant and multi-unit retail industry, including leadership positions at Pizza Hut, Boston Market, Kinkos, Steak & Ale and, most recently, Rave Restaurant Group, where he served as Chief Executive Officer and led the creation of the award winning Pie Five restaurant concept. Charlie is supported by a strong executive team with significant retail and restaurant experience. Bill Engen, our Chief Operating Officer, previously was the Senior Vice President of Eastern Operations at 7-Eleven, overseeing approximately 4,000 stores. Our Chief Financial Officer, Mike Mravle, came to us from Bloomin Brands, where he was the Chief Financial Officer of the U.S. segment. Heading up our marketing efforts is Flynn Dekker, who has over 20 years of experience and was previously the Chief Marketing Officer of Fogo de Chao and Rave Restaurant Group. Dave Vernon, our Chief Development Officer, joined us from Sonic Corporation, where he was Vice President of Franchise Sales, and brings 25 years of experience in the restaurant industry to oversee our franchise development efforts. Jay Young, our General Counsel, joined us from CEC Entertainment Inc., the parent company of Chuck E. Cheese, where he was Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Completing our executive team is Stacy Peterson, our Chief Information Officer, who has over 15 years of information technology experience at multi-unit retailers, including Blockbuster and Kinkos. We believe our management team is a key driver of our success and positions us well for long-term growth.
OUR GROWTH STRATEGY
Franchise Expansion
We believe that there is significant opportunity to expand in the United States, and we intend to focus our efforts on increasing our geographic penetration in both existing and new markets. We believe our highly-franchised model positions us for continued strong unit growth over the medium and long-term. We expect high franchisee demand for our brand, supported by compelling unit economics, operational simplicity, low entry costs and flexible real estate profile, to drive domestic restaurant growth. Based on our internal analysis, we believe there is opportunity for our brand to grow to approximately 2,500 restaurants across the United States.
We intend to achieve our domestic restaurant potential by expanding in our existing markets where we believe we have the opportunity to more than double our current restaurant count. In addition, we will continue to expand into new markets. Our inside out domestic market expansion strategy focuses our initial development in urban centers where our core demographic is most densely populated and then builds outward into suburban areas as our brand awareness grows in the market. We have a robust domestic development pipeline including 503 total commitments to open new franchised restaurants as of December 27, 2014. Approximately 63% of our current domestic commitments are from existing franchisees, supporting the attractiveness of our restaurant business model as well as our positive franchisor / franchisee relationships. We believe that our highly-franchised business model provides a platform for continued growth as it allows us to focus on our core strengths of flavor innovation, marketing and guest engagement, and franchisee selection and support, while growing our restaurant presence and brand recognition with limited capital investment by us.
We also believe that there is significant international growth opportunity. We opened our first international location in Mexico in 2009. As of December 27, 2014, we had 41 international restaurants located in Indonesia, Mexico, the Philippines, Russia and Singapore, all of which were franchised. In 2014, we opened 20 international locations. We currently have 310 international restaurant commitments sold as of December 27, 2014, and our first location in the United Arab Emirates opened in 2015. We believe that our restaurant operating model will translate well internationally based on our small real estate footprint, our simplicity of operations, the universal and broad appeal of chicken, and our ability to customize our wide variety of flavors to local tastes.
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Domestic Same Store Sales Growth
| Flavor Innovation |
We plan to leverage flavor innovation to drive restaurant traffic and social media engagement. We do not have limited time offers; instead, we have limited time flavor events that pique our guests interest and drive frequency of visit. We approach additions to our menu as a conversation between us and our guests and make changes only after intense scrutiny in our test kitchen. For example, our Mango Habanero flavor was introduced as a limited time flavor event. When the flavor event ended, overwhelming demand from our highly-engaged social following to bring it back influenced us to return it to the menu as a permanent flavor. We do not believe in off-the-shelf flavors and are careful not to crowd the menu with too many flavors or any flavors the development of which has not received the attention and care that our guests expect. We anticipate that our powerful and selective flavor innovation will continue to drive domestic same store sales growth.
| Improve Efficiency to Drive Sales |
We are making focused investments in technology and restaurant design to increase the efficiency of our model and drive increased revenue. We are in the process of rolling out a single integrated POS system. We also launched an updated online ordering system and mobile ordering application, or app, in 2014, that simplifies the ordering process and integrates into our POS system, uniting online and register ordering across our system for the first time. We believe that we can continue to grow sales through integration of orders through our website and app. As an example, since the implementation of our new online ordering platform and app in September 2014, online ordering increased from less than 7% of sales during the nine months preceding the launch of the new online ordering platform and app to over 10% of sales during the fourth quarter of 2014. Additionally, average transaction size for online orders is approximately $5 higher than the average for all other orders. As guests ordering preferences continue to shift online, we will implement a new front counter design in our existing and new restaurants, creating a dedicated queuing area for guests to efficiently pick up their prepaid online orders.
| Grow Brand Awareness |
We believe our strong domestic same store sales growth has been supported by growing brand awareness as our concept has expanded. Franchisees in our 13 most penetrated markets have formed advertising co-ops at our direction to leverage their collective local marketing spend to buy traditional and digital media more efficiently. As our restaurant base continues to grow and we further penetrate existing and new markets, we expect to add more advertising co-ops in markets where efficient media purchasing can be achieved. Over time, we believe increased marketing funds contributed to our ad fund combined with local co-op spending will yield sufficient funds to efficiently purchase traditional and digital media nationally to further expand our brand recognition.
| Leverage Social Media |
We expect that our advertising will become more cost-effective and drive system-wide revenue more efficiently as we grow in scale and further increase our use of social media to activate interest from our guests. We believe social media is a cost-effective way of targeting existing and new guests, as we do not have to purchase as much advertising through more expensive forms of traditional media. Furthermore, we believe that our strong and growing social media presence will drive more orders through our online portals.
Creating Shareholder Value
We expect our asset-light, highly-franchised business model to generate strong operating margins and consistent free cash flow as a result of low capital expenditures and working capital needs. As we execute our growth strategy, we believe we will continue to grow revenue and leverage our cost infrastructure, generating continued earnings growth and strong free cash flow, which will create additional equity value for our shareholders.
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OUR CONCEPT
Our Restaurants
Our restaurants offer cooked-to-order, hand-sauced and tossed chicken wings in a variety of bold, distinctive and craveable flavors. We complement our wings with hand-cut, seasoned fries, freshly-prepared sides and ranch and bleu cheese dressings made in-house daily. Our wings are cooked to order and served fresh; we never use heat lamps or microwaves in the preparation of our food.
Our restaurant footprint is small, simple and conducive to carry-out, which represented approximately 75% of total sales in 2014. Our dining rooms typically accommodate approximately 40-50 guests. Our system-wide average square footage per restaurant is approximately 1,700 square feet. Our restaurants are typically open daily from 11 a.m. to 12 a.m. In 2014, 18% of our sales were from lunch, 18% were from snacks (between 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.), 47% were from dinner and 17% were from late night (after 9 p.m.).
Our restaurants all operate under the Wingstop® trade name and use our distinctive logo and branding.
Our Menu
We serve bone-in and boneless chicken wings cooked-to-order in a variety of highly-seasoned flavors as our primary menu item. We have developed several proprietary sauces and seasonings to flavor our wings and fries and emphasize wings as a center-of-the-plate item for all of our meal occasions. Our eleven bold, distinctive and craveable flavors range from spicy to mild: Atomic, Mango Habanero, Cajun, Original Hot, Louisiana Rub, Mild, Hickory Smoked BBQ, Lemon Pepper, Garlic Parmesan, Hawaiian and Teriyaki. From time to time we also offer additional flavors for a limited time through flavor events. However, we add flavors permanently to our menu only when we are confident that the flavor will meet the standards our guests expect.
In general, our restaurants offer the following menu options, which can be combined in a number of ways, including individual combo meals, meals for two, family packs, and à la carte:
| bone-in wings, also referred to as classic wings; |
| boneless wings; |
| crispy chicken strips; |
| a variety of house-made, freshly-prepared sides, including our award-winning, hand-cut seasoned fries, veggie sticks, bourbon baked beans, creamy coleslaw, potato salad and fresh baked yeast rolls; and |
| ranch and bleu cheese dips made-fresh daily. |
All of our food menu items are available for carry-out. We offer fountain soft drinks and iced tea to accompany our food, and most of our restaurants offer a variety of bottled beers and in certain locations, beer on tap.
Properties
Due to lower square footage requirements, our restaurants can be located in a variety of locations. They tend to be located primarily in shopping centers, as in-line and end-cap locations. Our restaurants tend to occupy between 1,300 and 2,900 square feet (average 1,700 square feet) of leased retail space. As of December 27, 2014, we and our franchisees operated 712 restaurants in 36 states and 6 countries.
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Domestic. The map below shows Wingstop restaurants in the United States:
International. We have franchisees in Latin America, Europe and Southeast Asia. As of December 27, 2014, our franchisees operated 41 international restaurants.
The chart below shows the locations of our restaurants as of December 27, 2014:
State |
Franchise restaurants |
Company-owned restaurants |
Total restaurants | |||||||||
Alabama |
2 | | 2 | |||||||||
Arizona |
17 | | 17 | |||||||||
Arkansas |
7 | | 7 | |||||||||
California |
167 | | 167 | |||||||||
Colorado |
18 | | 18 | |||||||||
Florida |
26 | | 26 | |||||||||
Georgia |
11 | | 11 | |||||||||
Hawaii |
2 | | 2 | |||||||||
Idaho |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Illinois |
42 | | 42 | |||||||||
Indiana |
2 | | 2 | |||||||||
Kansas |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Kentucky |
3 | | 3 | |||||||||
Louisiana |
14 | | 14 | |||||||||
Maryland |
4 | | 4 | |||||||||
Michigan |
5 | | 5 | |||||||||
Minnesota |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Mississippi |
9 | | 9 | |||||||||
Missouri |
12 | | 12 | |||||||||
Nebraska |
2 | | 2 | |||||||||
Nevada |
5 | 5 | 10 |
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State |
Franchise restaurants |
Company-owned restaurants |
Total restaurants | |||||||||
New Jersey |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
New Mexico |
5 | | 5 | |||||||||
New York |
3 | | 3 | |||||||||
North Carolina |
4 | | 4 | |||||||||
Ohio |
8 | | 8 | |||||||||
Oklahoma |
8 | | 8 | |||||||||
Oregon |
2 | | 2 | |||||||||
South Carolina |
4 | | 4 | |||||||||
South Dakota |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Tennessee |
9 | | 9 | |||||||||
Texas |
239 | 14 | 253 | |||||||||
Utah |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Virginia |
2 | | 2 | |||||||||
Washington |
7 | | 7 | |||||||||
Wisconsin |
7 | | 7 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Domestic Total |
652 | 19 | 671 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
International |
||||||||||||
Mexico |
24 | | 24 | |||||||||
Indonesia |
5 | | 5 | |||||||||
Philippines |
7 | | 7 | |||||||||
Russia |
3 | | 3 | |||||||||
Singapore |
2 | | 2 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
International Total |
41 | | 41 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Worldwide Total |
693 | 19 | 712 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
In 2013, we opened 73 franchised restaurants and one company-owned restaurant, and in 2014, we opened 102 franchised restaurants and no company-owned restaurants. The following table shows the growth in our network of franchised and company-owned restaurants for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012:
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Franchised Restaurant Activity: |
||||||||||||
Beginning of period |
590 | 523 | 475 | |||||||||
Openings |
102 | 73 | 57 | |||||||||
Refranchised (1) |
5 | | 1 | |||||||||
Closures and relocations |
(4 | ) | (6 | ) | (10 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Restaurants at end of period |
693 | 590 | 523 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Company-Owned Restaurant Activity: |
||||||||||||
Beginning of period |
24 | 23 | 24 | |||||||||
Openings |
| 1 | | |||||||||
Refranchised (1) |
(5 | ) | | (1 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Closures and relocations |
| | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Restaurants at end of period |
19 | 24 | 23 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Restaurants |
712 | 614 | 546 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Restaurant(s) sold by us to a franchisee. |
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Our home office is located at 5501 LBJ Freeway, 5th Floor, Dallas, Texas 75240. We lease the property for this corporate office and for all of our company-owned restaurants. Lease terms for company-owned restaurants are generally between five to ten years of original term with an additional five to ten years of tenant option period, often contain rent escalation provisions, and generally require us to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance and common area and other operating costs in addition to base or fixed rent.
Our franchised restaurants are situated on real property that is primarily leased by our franchisees directly from third-party landlords and in some instances, owned by our franchisees.
New Restaurant Development
We believe there is significant growth opportunity in both existing and new markets. Our existing markets are comprised of 92 DMAs that are dispersed across multiple geographies in the United States, which we believe demonstrates the portability of our brand. We believe we have the opportunity to more than double our current number of our restaurants through further development in these existing markets. We additionally intend to leverage the growing awareness and portability of our brand by expanding into new markets, which consist of 118 DMAs where we have limited or no presence at this time.
We believe our Dallas, Texas market reflects an optimized market for our concept. For the 82 Wingstop restaurants in the Dallas market, which translates into approximately 12 restaurants per 1 million people, we experience an AUV of approximately $1.2 million. While we do not expect to achieve the same penetration levels in each of our other markets, we believe there is meaningful opportunity to drive restaurant count growth in both our existing and new markets.
Whitespace |
Number of DMAs |
Population based on 2010 Census |
Current Restaurants as of 12/27/2014 |
Restaurants per 1 million people | ||||
Existing markets
|
92
|
188 million
|
659
|
3.5
| ||||
New markets
|
118
|
120 million
|
12
|
0.1
| ||||
|
|
|
||||||
All markets |
210
|
308 million
|
671
|
2.2
| ||||
Dallas case study (included in existing markets) |
1
|
7 million
|
82
|
11.7
|
Through additional penetration in existing and new markets, we believe there is opportunity for our brand to grow to up to 2,500 domestic restaurants. The table below provides a bridge of the expected growth from our existing 671 domestic restaurants to the potential 2,500 domestic restaurants that we believe exist. The table includes our 503 commitments sold as of December 27, 2014, consisting of 336 in existing markets and 167 in new markets, and the additional growth opportunity we believe we have through additional penetration in both our existing and new markets. We define restaurant commitments as the signing of a development agreement with a prospective franchisee to open one or more new Wingstop restaurants.
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Franchise Development and Economics. We believe we have an attractive franchise model that results in a strong track record of opening restaurants with existing and new franchisees. Since the end of 2011, our restaurant base has grown by 213 restaurants, or 43%, and as of December 27, 2014, our brand operated in 36 states and 6 countries.
In 2014, 59 of our 82 new domestic restaurants were opened by existing franchisees and 23 were opened by first-time franchisees. We believe Wingstop is an attractive investment opportunity for franchisees because of our compelling restaurant level economics, simple restaurant operating model and relatively low initial investment. Furthermore, our track record of consistent restaurant openings and low annual closure rate provides franchisees access to financing sources, including Small Business Administration, or SBA,-guaranteed loans, which reduces their initial cash cost of ownership, thereby enhancing the return on their invested capital.
Our domestic AUV was $1.07 million during fiscal year 2014. AUV for our domestic restaurants opened in 2013 was approximately $820,000 during their first 52 weeks of operations (which we refer to as year one AUV). While we do not have a full 52 weeks of operations for our 2014 openings, average weekly sales for restaurants opened in 2014 are currently tracking at or above our 2013 openings on average. Our restaurants do not typically experience a honeymoon period; rather, they open and build over time as awareness grows in the market. Historically, our opening of new stores in underpenetrated markets has often resulted in sustained increases in the AUV of the existing stores in that market.
The estimated initial investment required to open a restaurant ranges between approximately $210,000 and $650,000, including pre-opening and working capital. We believe the average initial investment required to open our prototype 1,700 square foot Wingstop restaurant is approximately $370,000 based on estimates derived from information reported to us by our franchisees that opened new restaurants during 2013 and 2014, excluding real estate purchase or lease costs, pre-opening costs and working capital. Our domestic restaurants delivered an average system-wide sales to investment ratio of 2.9x during fiscal year 2014, which we calculate based on our domestic AUV divided by the average estimated initial investment required to open a restaurant reported above. We believe that our franchisees can achieve average unlevered cash-on-cash returns, which is defined as
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restaurant-level operating profit per restaurant after royalties and advertising fund contributions, divided by initial investment costs, of approximately 35% to 40% in year two of operation. Our estimated year two average unlevered cash-on-cash returns are based on:
| year two AUV, calculated by taking 2013 year one AUV grown by the average year two growth rate for all new restaurants since 2006; and |
| estimated restaurant-level operating costs based on restaurant-level operating costs reported to us by approximately 61% of our franchisees during 2013 and 2014. |
Initial investment levels, AUV levels, restaurant-level operating costs and restaurant-level operating profit of any new restaurant may differ from average levels experienced by franchisees in prior periods due to a variety of factors, and these differences may be material. Accordingly, our stated sales to investment ratio and average unlevered cash-on-cash return may not be indicative of future results of any new franchised restaurant. In addition, estimated initial investment costs and restaurant-level operating costs are based on information self-reported by our franchisees and have not been verified by us. Furthermore, performance of new restaurants is impacted by a range of risks and uncertainties beyond our or our franchisees control, including those described under the caption Risk Factors.
We believe our highly-diversified franchisee base demonstrates the viability of our restaurant concept across numerous types of owners and operators, limits our risk and provides an attractive base of owners with capacity to grow with our brand. We believe the strong relationships we have with our franchise system provide a strong platform for growth.
Company-Owned Restaurants. Our company-owned restaurants represent a combination of restaurants opened by us and acquired from franchisees. As of December 27, 2014, we had 19 company-owned restaurants, which is approximately 3% of our restaurant base.
With respect to our company-owned restaurants, once a suitable trade area is identified, we examine site specific details, including visibility, signage, access and parking. Final approval by our executive management team is required for each company-owned site.
Our company-owned restaurants generate highly-attractive financial returns. During fiscal year 2014, our company-owned restaurants generated an AUV of $1.5 million. We will continue to evaluate as potential acquisition opportunities various franchised restaurants that we believe would allow us to improve restaurant operations and generate an attractive return on invested capital. We may also sell certain company-owned restaurants to franchisees. For example, in February 2014, we sold five company-owned restaurants located in Arizona to a franchisee. We currently expect our mix of franchised to company-owned restaurants over the long-term to remain relatively consistent with our current mix.
Franchise Overview
Our franchisees operated a total of 693 restaurants in 36 states, Europe, Latin America and Southeast Asia as of December 27, 2014. We have rigorous qualification criteria and training programs for our franchisees and require them to adhere to strict operating standards. We work hard to ensure that every Wingstop franchise location meets the same quality and customer service benchmarks in order to preserve the consistency and reliability of the Wingstop brand.
We have a broad and diversified domestic franchisee base. As of December 27, 2014, approximately 97% of our restaurant base was franchised with approximately 20% of our restaurants operated by franchisees who own more than ten restaurants, approximately 12% of our restaurants operated by franchisees who owned six to ten
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restaurants, approximately 45% of our restaurants operated by franchisees who owned two to five restaurants, and approximately 20% of our restaurants owned by franchisees who owned only one restaurant. Our domestic franchise base has an average restaurant ownership of approximately 2.6 restaurants per franchisee.
Franchise and Development Agreements. Our franchisees execute a separate franchise agreement for each restaurant opened, typically providing for a 10-year initial term, with an opportunity to enter into one or more renewal franchise agreements subject to certain conditions. Our standard franchise agreement changes from time to time, and terms may vary among franchisees. We generally update and/or revise our franchise agreement on an annual basis and, as a result, the agreements we enter into with individual franchisees may vary. Our current franchise documents provide that franchisees must pay a franchise fee of $20,000 for the first restaurant opened under a development agreement and $12,500 for each additional restaurant opened. If a franchisee has entered into an area development agreement with us (which occurs, in most cases, even if a franchisee wants to develop only one restaurant), the aggregate initial fee currently is $30,000 for the first restaurant and $22,500 for each subsequent restaurant under such development agreement, in each case including a $10,000 development fee per restaurant. The $10,000 development fee per restaurant to-be-developed is paid in full at the time a development agreement is signed for the grant of development rights and is not refundable. Virtually all of our existing franchise agreements require our franchisees to pay us a royalty of 5% of their gross sales net of discounts. New franchise agreements signed pursuant to development agreements entered into on or after July 1, 2014 require our franchisees to pay us a royalty of 6% of their gross sales net of discounts. Our franchise agreements allow us to assess franchisees an advertising fund contribution based on their gross sales net of discounts. We currently charge an advertising fund contribution equal to 2% of gross sales under all existing franchise agreements. In addition, franchisees may vote to increase their required advertising fund contribution.
The boundaries of the area in which a franchisee may locate its restaurant, which we refer to as the development area, depend on the population and other demographic features of the locale in which the franchisee wants to locate its restaurant(s). The development area may range from a sector of a large metropolitan area to the city or county limits of a smaller municipality. Based on the franchisees proposal and our analysis, we identify and describe in the development agreement the boundaries of an appropriately-sized development area and, if we expect the franchisee to operate more than one restaurant, the number of restaurants that must be developed in the development area. The development agreement does not permit us to change the development area after it is established (unless a franchisee is in default). Whether a development agreement covers one or several restaurants, it contains a schedule of the dates by which the franchisee must sign leases and open each restaurant, and failure by the franchisee to adhere to the development agreements schedule is an event of default under the development agreement.
All of our franchise agreements require that each franchised restaurant be operated in accordance with our defined operating procedures, adhere to the menu we establish and meet applicable quality, service, health and cleanliness standards. We may terminate the franchise rights of any franchisee who does not comply with our standards and requirements. We believe that maintaining superior food quality, an inviting and energetic atmosphere and excellent guest service are critical to the reputation and success of our concept. Therefore, we aggressively enforce the contractual requirements of our franchise agreements.
How We Support our Franchisees
Site Selection and Development. Franchisees operating in the United States must use our approved real estate broker in their markets during the site search, review, and leasing process. We also have lists of approved site surveyors, permit expeditors and architectural and engineering consultants for restaurant development and build-out. We give franchisees general guidelines to follow and consider in choosing a site for any new restaurant. We do not own any real estate in the United States on which franchised restaurants are located and do not lease restaurant sites to franchisees.
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We provide franchisees information about a typical restaurants lay-out, utility requirements and signs and, in the United States, a lease rider containing provisions we require to be attached to every restaurant lease. Once a domestic franchisee has selected one or more proposed sites, we will evaluate and critique the written site proposals required to be submitted for our consideration and may, at our option, visit the development area to inspect the sites proposed. Franchisees may not proceed with negotiations to lease a site before we approve that site.
We currently are not significantly involved in our international franchisees site selection process. We review but do not pre-approve the sites they select for their franchised restaurants. However, we give our international franchisees general guidelines to follow and consider in choosing sites for their restaurants. We do not own any real estate internationally on which franchised restaurants are located and do not lease restaurant sites to franchisees.
Training, Pre-Opening Assistance and Ongoing Support. Franchisees (along with their manager(s)) must attend and successfully complete a 4-week training program before we will issue an opening date for a restaurant. Our training program covers various topics, including: Wingstop culture, food preparation and storage, food safety, specific position training, uniforms, cleaning and sanitation, marketing and advertising, POS systems, accounting and hospitality, among others. Unless a franchisee commits to operate his or her own restaurant (i.e., owner-operated), the franchisee must hire a general manager who either has roots in the general area where the restaurant is located or is willing to move to the general area. Our international franchisees likewise must complete required training and are principally responsible for training their managers and other employees.
When a domestic franchisee opens his or her first Wingstop restaurant, we provide the owner with an opening restaurant trainer for up to 6 days and may elect to send an opening restaurant trainer to a franchisees second or later restaurant location for an amount of time we determine to be appropriate. We also provide lists of approved inventory, suppliers and small-wares that are needed to stock and operate each restaurant and help franchisees locate qualified suppliers of chicken and other supplies and ingredients that meet our specifications.
We also have an internal operations infrastructure that provides ongoing support to our franchisees. We utilize a field-based team of franchise business consultants who act as local resources to assist our franchisees to run their restaurants in accordance with Wingstop standards and who also assist with efforts to grow restaurant sales. The main responsibilities of our franchise business consultants include communicating and conveying certain initiatives and process enhancements to our franchisees and conducting business reviews in order to assist franchisees to operate more efficiently, with a focus on increasing restaurant sales and profits. Additionally, we maintain programs to monitor and evaluate the adherence of franchised restaurants to our quality, service and cleanliness standards. For example, we have a group of field alignment managers who conduct standardized quarterly reviews of each of our franchised restaurants operations to help ensure that our brand standards are maintained. We also employ a third-party mystery shopper program to monitor guest experience and quality standards at franchised restaurants in the United States.
In addition to our hands-on training and assistance, we provide an operations manual to each restaurant location that includes sections on topics such as: business operations, food safety, crew, hospitality, quality products, guest services, packaging and presentation, restaurant cleaning, restaurant and equipment maintenance, POS systems, quality control, advertising and marketing and emergency management.
Franchise Advisory Council. In December 2002, we organized a Franchise Advisory Council, which we refer to as the Council, to consult with us about system-wide advertising themes and campaigns and other operational matters. The Council is composed of 11 franchise members, all of whom are elected by our franchisees, and meets quarterly to review marketing strategies and provide input on topics such as advertising messages, operational standards and system-wide initiatives. While the Council functions only in an advisory capacity, and we may disregard its recommendations if we choose, we view the Council as an important component of our franchisee support program.
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Point-of-Sale System. We require that our franchisees utilize a uniform POS system. We are currently upgrading to a more robust POS system from prior legacy systems and expect to complete the rollout system-wide over the next two years. Both our legacy and our new POS systems, in conjunction with our Intranet system, allow us to track sales at each restaurant location. Our restaurant operations require no other computers for a restaurant location. Our new POS system will integrate with our new online ordering app, allowing for seamless recording and tracking of sales. Furthermore, our new POS system will provide our franchisees with additional back office tools that we believe will assist in cost control, create operational efficiencies and drive sales.
Bookkeeping Services. We provide a designated franchise accounting service for first-time domestic franchisees to assist with all bookkeeping services related to a restaurants operations for at least the first 12 months of operation, including assembly of reports and other financial information that we require.
Supply Chain Assistance. We assist our franchisees by negotiating regional and national contracts for chicken and other commodities and other items needed to develop and operate a Wingstop restaurant. We designate and approve suppliers in order to ensure that all ingredients and supplies utilized in our restaurants satisfy our grade and quality standards. As we negotiate regional and national contracts, we seek to promote the overall interests of our franchise system and our interests as the franchisor. We have not adopted formal procedures for issuing and modifying supplier approval standards, but we expect to approve suppliers based on their ability to meet our specifications and quality control requirements and to supply products to our franchisees at competitive prices.
Research and Development. We lead product innovation and testing efforts for our franchisees, including new wing sauce flavors, side items, new chicken wing, chicken strip or other menu additions, and new beverage options. New product research and development is located in our headquarters facility in Dallas, Texas. We rely on our internal culinary team and, from time to time, third party experts, leveraging consumer research to develop and test new products for our franchised and company-owned restaurants.
Marketing and Advertising Support
We utilize four levels of advertising: (1) system-wide advertising, which is coordinated through our ad fund; (2) digital and social media advertising; (3) local advertising, which franchisees handle with materials we create or approve; and (4) cooperative advertising with other franchisees in a given market. Franchisees may not use their own advertising materials without our prior permission.
Ad Fund. We created a not-for-profit advertising fund in July 1999, which we refer to as the ad fund. All restaurants, including our company-owned restaurants, must contribute to the ad fund. Our franchise agreements allow us to assess domestic franchisees an ad fund contribution based on their gross sales net of discounts. We currently charge 2% of gross sales under all existing domestic franchise agreements.
We direct and retain sole control over all advertising and promotions that the ad fund finances. We use a national advertising agency to create our advertising and promotional materials. We use another agency to create localized versions of our advertising and promotional materials.
Digital Advertising. We currently utilize an extensive range of social media and digital marketing tools including, search engine, programmatic, native, video on demand and social media advertising. We also maintain website hosting and manage the development and maintenance of the mobile Wingstop app. We market Wingstop products, services and restaurants through our website that we maintain at www.wingstop.com. It features a site locator page on the website showing the addresses, telephone numbers and ability to online order for each restaurant. At a national level, we advertise in Google, Yahoo and Bing through search engine advertising and also in Facebook and Twitter via paid social advertising. Additionally, we assist franchisees in planning and executing localized geo-targeted digital marketing for their restaurants, including internet and mobile marketing.
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Franchisees may not use electronic media to advertise their restaurants, including the Internet or mobile, without first obtaining our written consent and complying with any conditions and restrictions we wish to impose. We may assess franchisees a fee of up to $100 per month to pay for our Websites and Intranets maintenance and improvement costs.
Social Media. Wingstop has a strong brand presence in both emerging and well-established social media platforms for digital collaboration, including smartphone apps and native sites including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr. We adhere to social media guidelines that embody our strategic vision and apply to both company-owned and franchised restaurants. These guidelines will continually evolve as new technologies and social networking tools emerge.
Local Advertising. We advertise our company-owned restaurants primarily through local direct mail, out of home signage, paid search, and online and mobile advertising and expect franchisees to follow the same pattern. Our current form of franchise agreement requires franchisees to spend at least 1% of their quarterly gross sales on local advertising and promotions, which is in addition to amounts contributed to the ad fund as described above. Franchisees operating under pre-2014 forms of franchise agreement were not contractually required to spend any minimum amount on local advertising, although we recommended that they spend at least 4% of their restaurants gross sales on local advertising and marketing.
Advertising Cooperatives. When a franchisee and at least one other restaurant operator have opened restaurants in the same DMA, we may require the franchisee and the other operator(s) to form a cooperative advertising association. Each cooperatives members will set their cooperatives required contribution rate, but we retain the right to disapprove a rate lower than 2% of gross sales. Contributions to advertising cooperatives are credited toward a franchisees 1% local advertising obligation. Currently, the members of an advertising cooperative administer the cooperative, and we step in only to resolve disputes. In that event, our decision is binding.
As of December 27, 2014, advertising cooperatives have been formed in the following DMAs: Phoenix, Arizona; Los Angeles, California; Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto, California; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Denver, Colorado; Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; Chicago, Illinois; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Austin, Texas; Dallas / Ft. Worth, Texas; Houston, Texas; and San Antonio, Texas.
Competition
The restaurant industry is intensely competitive. We compete on the basis of the taste, quality and price of food offered, guest service, ambience, location and overall dining experience. We believe that our attractive price-value relationship, our flexible service model and the quality and distinctive flavor of our food enable us to differentiate ourselves from our competitors.
We believe we compete primarily with fast casual establishments and quick service restaurants such as other wing-based take-out concepts, local and regional sports bars and casual dining restaurants. Many fast casual and carry-out concepts offer wings as add-on items to other food categories such as pizza, but typically do not focus on wings. Other competitors emphasize wings in a bar or sports-centric setting. Many of these direct and indirect competitors are well-established national, regional or local chains. We also compete with many restaurant and retail establishments for site locations and restaurant-level employees.
Suppliers and Distribution
We insist that all ingredients and supplies utilized in Wingstop restaurants satisfy our grade and quality standards. Our franchisees are required to purchase all chicken, groceries, produce, beverages, equipment and signage, furniture, fixtures, logo-imprinted paper goods and cleaning supplies solely from suppliers that we designate and approve. We regularly inspect vendors to ensure that products purchased conform to our standards and that prices offered are competitive.
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The principal raw materials for a Wingstop restaurant operation are bone-in and boneless chicken wings. Therefore, chicken is our largest product cost item and represented 65% of all purchases for 2014. Company-owned and franchised restaurants purchase their bone-in and boneless chicken wings from suppliers that we designate and approve. We designate sources for potatoes to ensure that they are grown to our specifications. We also require franchisees to use our proprietary sauces, seasonings and spice blends and purchase them and other proprietary products only from designated sources.
All food items and packaging goods for our restaurants can be sourced through one vendor, The Sygma Network, Inc., which we refer to as Sygma. There are eight regional Sygma distribution centers which carry all products required for a Wingstop restaurant and service all of our domestic locations. Sygma is obligated under our agreement to deliver at least twice weekly to our restaurants. We contract directly with manufacturers to sell product to Sygma, who in turn receives a fee for delivering these items to our restaurants. The majority of our highest spend items are formula or fixed contract priced. We have also negotiated agreements with our soft drink suppliers to offer soft drink dispensing systems, along with associated branded products, in all Wingstop restaurants.
As the Wingstop system grows, we will continue to negotiate regional or national contracts for chicken and other commodities and other items needed to develop and operate all of our restaurants and may use a designated or approved supplier approach.
Management Information / Technology Systems
We have our core management information systems in place and believe they are scalable to support our future growth plans. We specify a standard POS system in all of our company-owned restaurants and many franchised restaurants that helps facilitate the operation of the restaurants by recording sales, cost of sales and labor and other operating metrics and allows managers to create various reports to assess performance. Our POS system is configured to record and store financial information in a manner that we specify, and we require franchisees to provide us with continual and unlimited independent access to all information on each POS system. As noted above, we are in the process of upgrading our POS system and believe our current information systems are sufficient to support our planned expansion for the foreseeable future.
In September 2014, we began rolling-out an updated online ordering system and mobile ordering application with a new look and feel. Our updated system and app make it easy for our guests to order-ahead, which we believe will increase the frequency of their visits and lead to higher check averages. Since the beginning of this rollout, we have seen significant increases in our online sales as a percentage of domestic sales.
We require that our and our franchisees electronic information systems, including POS systems, comply with and maintain established network security standards, including applicable Payment Card Industry (PCI) standards.
Intellectual Property and Trademarks
We own a number of trademarks and service marks registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. We have registered the following marks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: WING-STOP®; Wing-StopThe Wing Experts and Design (shown on cover page of this prospectus); WINGSTOP; THE WING EXPERTS; and THE BONELESS WING EXPERTS. We have also registered the Internet domain name: www.wingstop.com.
We believe that our trademarks and other proprietary rights are important to our success and our competitive position, and, therefore, we devote resources to the protection of our trademarks and proprietary rights.
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Seasonality
Our restaurants have not experienced significant seasonal revenue fluctuations that can be attributed to seasonal factors.
Employees
As of December 27, 2014, we employed 372 persons, of whom 108 were full-time corporate-based and regional personnel. The remainder was part-time or restaurant-level employees. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe that we have good relations with our employees. Our franchise owners are independent business owners, so they and their employees are not included in our employee count.
Government Regulation
Federal. We and our franchisees are subject to varied federal regulations affecting the operation of our business. We and our franchisees are subject to the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act, the U.S. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the Occupational Safety and Health Act and various other federal and state laws governing such matters as minimum wage requirements, overtime, fringe benefits, workplace safety and other working conditions and citizenship requirements. A significant number of our and our franchisees food service personnel are paid at rates related to the applicable minimum wage, and past increases in the minimum wage have increased our and our franchisees labor costs, as would future increases. Further, we are continuing to assess the impact of recently-adopted federal health care legislation on our health care benefit costs. Many of our smaller franchisees have few enough employees that they may qualify for exemption from the mandatory requirement to provide health insurance benefits. The imposition of any requirement that we or our franchisees provide health insurance benefits to our or their employees that are more extensive than the health insurance benefits we currently provide to our employees or that franchise owners may or may not provide, or the imposition of additional employer paid employment taxes on income earned by our employees, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position. Our distributors and suppliers also may be affected by higher minimum wage and benefit standards, which could result in higher costs for goods and services supplied to us and our franchisees.
We and our franchisees are also required to comply with the accessibility standards mandated by the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and related federal and state statutes, which generally prohibit discrimination in accommodations or employment based on disability. We and our franchisees may in the future have to modify our restaurants to provide service to or make reasonable accommodations for disabled persons. While these expenses could be material, our current expectation is that any such actions will not require us to expend substantial funds.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA), enacted in March 2010, requires chain restaurants with 20 or more locations in the United States to comply with federal nutritional disclosure requirements. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently published the final rules on menu and vending machine nutrition labeling, which amended section 403(q) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to establish requirements for the nutrition labeling of standard menu items at restaurants or similar retail food establishments with 20 or more locations and will become effective December 1, 2015. Under the rule, calorie information must be provided clearly and conspicuously next to the listed standard menu item on a menu or menu board. In addition to calorie information, each menu or menu board must prominently include a succinct statement concerning suggested caloric intake. Upon request, covered establishments must provide information about the total calories, calories from fat, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, fiber, sugars, and protein in their standard menu items. The rule contains detailed requirements for providing calorie and nutrition information and determining nutrient content. The effect of such labeling requirements on consumer choices, if any, is unclear at this time.
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Furthermore, a number of states, counties and cities have previously enacted menu labeling laws requiring multi-unit restaurant operators to disclose certain nutritional information to customers, or have enacted legislation restricting the use of certain types of ingredients in restaurants. Although the federal legislation is intended to preempt conflicting state or local laws on nutritional labeling, until our system is required to comply with the federal law we and our franchisees will be subject to a patchwork of state and local laws and regulations regarding nutritional content disclosure requirements. Many of these requirements are inconsistent or are interpreted differently from one jurisdiction to another.
There is also a potential for increased regulation of food in the United States, such as recent changes in the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system requirements. HACCP refers to a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of potential hazards from production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product. Many states have adopted legislation or implemented regulations which require restaurants to develop and implement HACCP systems. Similarly, the United States Congress and the FDA continue to expand the sectors of the food industry that must adopt and implement HACCP programs. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was signed into law in January 2011 and significantly expanded the FDAs authority over food safety, granting the FDA authority to proactively ensure the safety of the entire food system, including through new and additional hazard analysis, food safety planning, increased inspections and permitting mandatory food recalls. Although restaurants are specifically exempted from some of these new requirements and not directly implicated by other requirements, we anticipate that some of the FSMA provisions and the FDAs implementation of the new requirements may impact our industry. We cannot assure you that we will not have to expend additional time and resources to comply with new food safety requirements required by either the FSMA or future federal food safety regulation or legislation. Additionally, our suppliers may initiate or otherwise be subject to food recalls that may impact the availability of certain products, result in adverse publicity or require us to take actions that could be costly for us or otherwise harm our business.
We and our franchisees are also subject to anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA, and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we do business. The FCPA, UK Bribery Act and these other laws generally prohibit us, our food service personnel, our franchisees, their food service personnel and intermediaries from bribing, being bribed or making other prohibited payments to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage. We operate in a number of jurisdictions that pose a high risk of potential FCPA violations, and we participate in relationships with third parties whose actions could potentially subject us to liability under the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.
We and our franchisees are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations, including regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerces Bureau of Industry and Security, the U.S. Department of Treasurys Office of Foreign Asset Control, and various non-U.S. government entities, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions on countries and persons, customs requirements, currency exchange regulations and transfer pricing regulations.
One of the legal foundations fundamental to the franchise business model has been that, absent special circumstances, a franchisor is generally not responsible for the acts, omissions or liabilities of its franchisees. Recently, established law has been challenged by the plaintiffs bar and certain regulatory agencies and the outcome of these challenges remains unknown. If these challenges are successful in altering currently settled law, it could significantly change the way we and other franchisors conduct business and adversely impact our profitability. For example, a determination that we are a joint employer with our franchisees or that franchisees are part of one unified system with joint and several liability under the National Labor Relations Act, statutes administered by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations and other areas of labor and employment law could subject us and/or our
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franchisees to liability for the unfair labor practices, wage-and-hour law violations, employment discrimination law violations, OSHA regulation violations and other employment-related liabilities of one or more franchisees.
State. We are subject to extensive and varied state and local government regulation affecting the operation of our business, as are our franchisees, including regulations relating to public and occupational health and safety, sanitation, fire prevention and franchise operation. Each franchised restaurant is subject to licensing and regulation by a number of governmental authorities, including with respect to zoning, health, safety, sanitation, nutritional information disclosure, environmental and building and fire safety, in the jurisdiction in which the franchised restaurant is located. Our and our franchisees licenses to sell alcoholic beverages must be renewed annually and may be suspended or revoked at any time for cause, including violation by us or our employees, or our franchisees or their employees, of any law or regulation pertaining to alcoholic beverage control, such as those regulating the minimum age of patrons or employees, advertising, wholesale purchasing and inventory control.
We require our franchisees to operate in accordance with standards and procedures designed to comply with applicable codes and regulations. However, our or our franchisees inability to obtain or retain health department or other licenses would adversely affect operations at the impacted restaurant or restaurants. Although we have not experienced, and do not anticipate, any significant difficulties, delays or failures in obtaining required licenses, permits or approvals, any such problem could delay or prevent the opening, or adversely impact the viability, of a particular restaurant.
We and our franchisees may be subject in certain states to dram-shop statutes, which generally provide a person injured by an intoxicated person the right to recover damages from an establishment that wrongfully served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person.
In addition, in order to develop and construct our restaurants, we and our franchisees need to comply with applicable zoning and land use regulations. Federal and state regulations have not had a material effect on our operations to date, but more stringent and varied requirements of local governmental bodies with respect to zoning and land use could delay or even prevent construction and increase development costs of new restaurants.
In addition, we are subject to the rules and regulations of the Federal Trade Commission and various state laws regulating the offer and sale of franchises. The Federal Trade Commission and various state franchise laws require that we furnish a franchise disclosure document containing certain information to prospective franchisees in advance of any franchise sale or the receipt of any consideration for the franchise, and a number of states require registration of the franchise disclosure document at least annually with state authorities. We are operating under exemptions from registration (though not disclosure) in several states based on our qualifications for exemption as set forth in each such states laws. Substantive state laws that regulate the franchisor-franchisee relationship, including in the areas of termination and non-renewal, presently exist in a substantial number of states. We believe that our franchise disclosure document and franchising procedures comply in all material respects with both the Federal Trade Commission guidelines and all applicable state laws regulating franchising in those states in which we have offered franchises.
International. Our franchised restaurants in Europe, Mexico and Southeast Asia are subject to national and local laws and regulations. We believe that our international franchised restaurants and procedures comply in all material respects with the laws of the applicable foreign jurisdiction.
Environmental. Our operations, including the selection and development of company-owned and franchised restaurants and any construction or improvements we or our franchisees make at those locations, are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning waste disposal, pollution, protection of the environment and the presence, discharge, storage, handling, release and disposal of (or exposure to), hazardous or toxic substances. We provide training to, and require compliance with applicable laws by, our employees and franchisees in the use of chemicals, which are primarily used in small quantities for cleaning our restaurants.
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Storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances are not a significant part of our operations. Generally, our restaurants are located in residential neighborhoods but sometimes might be located in areas which were previously occupied by more environmentally significant operations. Environmental laws can provide for significant fines and penalties for non-compliance and liabilities for remediation and sometimes require owners or operators of contaminated property to remediate the property, regardless of fault. We are not aware of any environmental laws that will materially affect our results of operations, or result in material capital expenditures relating to our operations. However, we cannot predict what environmental laws will be enacted in the future, how existing or future environmental laws will be administered, interpreted or enforced, or the amount of future expenditures that we may need to comply with, or to satisfy claims relating to, environmental laws.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time we may be involved in claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of any of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
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Set forth below are the name, age, position and a description of the business experience of each of our executive officers and directors as of February 28, 2015.
NAME |
AGE | POSITION | ||||
Charles R. Morrison |
46 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||
Michael F. Mravle |
40 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
William M. Engen |
43 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||
Jay A. Young |
45 | General Counsel | ||||
David A. Vernon |
57 | Chief Development Officer | ||||
Flynn K. Dekker |
45 | Chief Marketing Officer | ||||
Stacy Peterson |
39 | Chief Information Officer | ||||
Neal K. Aronson |
50 | Chairman of the Board of Directors | ||||
Sidney J. Feltenstein |
74 | Director | ||||
Michael J. Hislop |
60 | Director | ||||
Lawrence P. Molloy |
53 | Director | ||||
Erik O. Morris |
40 | Director | ||||
Steven M. Romaniello |
48 | Director |
Background of Executive Officers and Directors
Charles R. Morrison has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since June 2012, and a member of our board of directors, since September 2012. Prior to joining Wingstop, Charlie was Chief Executive Officer of Rave Restaurant Group, a publicly traded international pizza chain, from January 2007 to June 2012. Charlie has also held multiple senior leadership positions during his more than 20 years of restaurant experience, including serving as President of Steak & Ale and The Tavern Restaurants for Metromedia Restaurant Group, as well as various management positions at Kinkos, Boston Market and Pizza Hut.
As a result of Charlies extensive experience in the restaurant industry, including as a chief executive officer of a public restaurant company, and his service as our Chief Executive Officer, Charlie brings to the board, among other skills and qualifications, his significant knowledge and understanding of the industry and our business and his extensive operating experience.
Michael F. Mravle has served as our Chief Financial Officer since September 2014. Mike joined Wingstop from Bloomin Brands, a large publicly traded casual dining company, where he spent over seven years in various financial roles. He was most recently Group Vice President of Financial Planning and Analysis and U.S. Chief Financial Officer since October 2013. Prior to that, he served as Vice President of Corporate Finance since February 2012 and as Vice President of Finance for Carrabbas Italian Grill beginning in January 2011. Prior to that, Mike was Vice President of Finance for Flemings Prime Steakhouse and Wine Bar from 2009 to 2011. Prior to Bloomin Brands, Mike spent over eight years at McDonalds Corporation. Mike has over 15 years of finance and accounting experience in the restaurant industry.
William M. Engen has served as our Chief Operating Officer since September 2014. Bill joined Wingstop from 7-Eleven, the worlds largest operator, franchisor and licensor of convenience stores, where he was Senior Vice President of Operations for the Eastern U.S. since 2011 and served as Division Vice President from 2009 to 2011. Prior to that, he served for ten years in various roles at Circuit City, a large United States electronics retailer, including most recently as Vice President, Retail Operations. Bill has also held management roles during his almost 20 year career in retail operations at Saks Fifth Avenue and Bachrach Clothing Company, a mens clothing retailer.
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Jay A. Young has served as our General Counsel since October 2014. Jay joined Wingstop from CEC Entertainment Inc., the parent company of Chuck E. Cheese, a chain of family entertainment centers, where he was Senior Vice President and General Counsel since 2007. Prior to that he was Vice President and Assistant General Counsel for Wachovia Corporation since 1999. Prior to Wachovia, Jay was Assistant General Counsel and Antitrust Compliance Officer for Charles Schwab Capital Markets. Jay has nearly 20 years of experience in handling complex corporate legal matters.
David A. Vernon has served as our Chief Development Officer since November 2012. Dave joined Wingstop in October 2010 as Vice President of Franchise Sales, and was promoted to Senior Vice President of Development in January 2012 before becoming Chief Development Officer in November 2012. Prior to Wingstop, he was Vice President of Franchise Sales for Sonic Corporation, the nations largest drive-in restaurant chain, from December 1996 to June 2010. With more than 20 years of restaurant franchise experience, Dave also spent 13 years as Vice President of Sales at Sonic Corporation and has held development positions for Brinker International, Rave Restaurant Group, USA Cafes and Signature Foods.
Flynn K. Dekker has served as our Chief Marketing Officer since February 2014. Prior to joining Wingstop, Flynn was Chief Marketing Officer for Rave Restaurant Group from February 2012 to February 2014. Prior to that, he owned his own upscale restaurant, Home & Dekker, located in Dallas, Texas, from February 2010 to February 2012 and was also Chief Marketing Officer for Fogo de Chao, a Brazilian steakhouse chain, from March 2008 to February 2012. With more than 20 years of leadership experience, Flynn has also held senior marketing positions with Metromedia Restaurant Group, FedEx Kinkos, EMI Music Distribution and Blockbuster.
Stacy Peterson has served as our Chief Information Officer since August 2014. Stacy joined Wingstop in September 2013 and served as Senior Vice President of Information Technology before becoming Chief Information Officer. Prior to Wingstop, she was Vice President of IT for CB Richard Ellis, a major commercial real estate company, from October 2011 to August 2013 and served as Director of IT from October 2010 to October 2011. Prior to that, she was Director of IT for FedEx Services from August 2009 to September 2010 and Director of IT for FedEx Office from December 2006 to August 2009. With more than 15 years of information technology experience, Stacy has also held management roles at Kinkos and Blockbuster.
Neal K. Aronson is Chairman of our board of directors and has been a member of our board of directors since February 2015. Neal founded Roark Capital Group and serves as its Managing Partner, a position he has held since 2001. Prior to founding Roark, Neal was Co-Founder and Chief Financial Officer for U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc., or USFS, a franchisor of hotel chains. Prior to USFS, Neal was a private equity professional at Rosecliff (a successor company to Acadia Partners), Odyssey Partners and Acadia Partners (now Oak Hill). Neal began his career in the corporate finance department at Drexel, Burnham, Lambert Inc.
Neals experience as a private equity partner, chief financial officer and in other senior executive leadership roles working with franchise companies in the restaurant, retail, consumer and business services industries, and knowledge of complex financial matters provide him with valuable and relevant experience in franchise administration, strategic planning, corporate finance, financial reporting, mergers and acquisitions and leadership of complex organizations, and provides him with the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Sidney J. Feltenstein has been a member of our board of directors since July 2010. Sid has had a successful career as a corporate executive and entrepreneur, including as the Chief Executive Officer of Yorkshire Global Restaurants, Inc., a company formed under his leadership through the acquisitions of A&W and Long John Silver, until it was sold to YUM! Brands in 2002. Sid also served as Executive Vice President of Worldwide Marketing for Burger King and spent 19 years at Dunkin Donuts in both operations and marketing positions, most recently as its Chief Marketing Officer. Sid is a past chairman of the International Franchise Association (IFA) and a former chairman of the IFA Educational Foundation. He is also a member of the IFA Hall of Fame and a past recipient of the IFAs Entrepreneur of the Year Award. Sid also serves on the board of directors of Tutor Perini Corporation.
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Sids experience as a chief executive officer and senior marketing executive officer in the restaurant industry and vast knowledge of franchise operations provide him with valuable and relevant experience in brand management, consumer strategy, advertising and leadership of complex organizations, as well as extensive industry knowledge, and provides him with the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Michael J. Hislop has been a member of our board of directors since October 2011. Mike has been the Chief Executive Officer of Corner Bakery, a national bakery-cafe chain, since February 2006. In addition, Mike has been the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Il Fornaio since 2001 and, prior to that, served as President and Chief Operating Officer since 1995. Prior to Il Fornaio, Mike was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer for Chevys Mexican Restaurants, where he built the companys infrastructure in preparation for taking it public. He has also served in a number of operating positions at El Torito Mexican Restaurants and T.G.I. Fridays. In 2010, Mike was recognized by the International Foodservice Manufacturers Association with the Silver Plate award, which pays tribute to the most outstanding and innovative talents in foodservice operations, and in 2013, he received Nations Restaurant News Golden Chain Award, an honor bestowed on those representing the very best that the restaurant industry has to offer.
Mikes experience as a chief executive officer and chief operating officer in the restaurant industry and vast knowledge of franchise operations provide him with valuable and relevant experience in operations, brand management, consumer strategy and leadership of complex organizations, as well as extensive industry knowledge, and provides him with the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Erik O. Morris has been a member of our board of directors since April 2010. Erik has been affiliated with Roark since 2007 and is currently a Managing Director. Prior to joining Roark, Erik was a Partner at Grotech Capital Group concentrating in the restaurant and franchise industries. Prior to joining Grotech, Erik worked in the investment banking division of Deutsche Bank and its predecessor entities, where he focused primarily on the industrial, environmental, and business services sectors.
Eriks involvement with his respective firms investments in many branded consumer companies over the past 15 years, including investments in the restaurant industry, in-depth knowledge and industry experience, coupled with his skills in private financing and strategic planning, provides him with the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Lawrence P. (Chip) Molloy has been a member of our board of directors since February 2015. Chip has been affiliated with Roark since 2014 and is currently a Senior Advisor. Prior to joining Roark, Chip was the Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of PetSmart, an international specialty pet supply retailer, from September 2007 until June 2013. Prior to joining PetSmart, Chip was employed by Circuit City Stores, Inc., a national consumer electronics retailer, from 2003 to 2007, where he served as the Director of Financial Planning and Analysis from 2003 to 2004, Vice President, Financial Planning and Analysis from 2004 to 2006 and Chief Financial Officer of Retail from 2006 to 2007. Prior to Circuit City, he served in various leadership, planning and strategy roles for Capital One Financial Corporation; AGL Capital Investments, LLC; Deloitte & Touche Consulting Group; and the U.S. Navy. He served ten years in the Navy as a fighter pilot, later retiring from the Navy Reserve with a rank of Commander. Chip also serves on the board of directors of Sprouts Farmers Markets, Inc. and Party City Holdco Inc.
Chips experience as a chief financial officer and in senior leadership roles in the retail industry and vast knowledge of financial reporting operations provide him with valuable and relevant experience in finance, accounting, reporting, as well as operational matters in the retail industry, and leadership of complex organizations, and provides him with the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Steven M. Romaniello has been a member of our board of directors since April 2010. Steve currently serves as a Managing Director at Roark, a position he has held since 2008. Prior to joining Roark, Steve served in executive positions at FOCUS Brands, a franchisor and operator of ice cream shoppes, bakeries, restaurants and cafes in the United States, most recently as Chief Executive Officer. Prior to his tenure at FOCUS Brands, Steve
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was President and Chief Operating Officer of USFS. Prior to joining USFS, Steve has also held various management positions in franchise services, support and training at Holiday Inn Worldwide and Days Inn of America. Steve is the immediate past Chairman of the IFA and a member of its Executive Committee.
Steves experience as a chief executive officer and chief operating officer in the restaurant and hospitality industries and vast knowledge of franchise operations provide him with valuable and relevant experience in franchise management, operations and leadership of complex organizations, as well as extensive industry knowledge, and provides him with the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Each executive officer or key employee serves at the discretion of our board of directors and holds office until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.
Board of Directors
Our board of directors currently consists of seven members, Messrs. Morrison, Aronson, Feltenstein, Hislop, Molloy, Morris and Romaniello. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which we will adopt prior to the completion of this offering, will provide that our board of directors shall consist of such number of directors as determined from time to time by resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of directors then in office. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors may only be filled by the directors then in office.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that our board of directors will be divided into three classes, with one class being elected at each annual meeting of stockholders. After their initial terms, each director will serve a three-year term, with the end of each term staggered according to class. Class I will initially consist of three directors, Class II will initially consist of two directors, and Class III will initially consist of two directors. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-third of the total number of directors.
The Class I directors, whose initial terms will expire at the first annual meeting of our stockholders following the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, will be Messrs. , and . The Class II directors, whose initial terms will expire at the second annual meeting of our stockholders following the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, will be Messrs. and . The Class III directors, whose initial terms will expire at the third annual meeting of our stockholders following the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, will be Messrs. and .
Director Independence
Our board of directors has determined that Messrs. , and qualify as independent directors under the rules of Nasdaq, and that each of Messrs. , and are an independent director, as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act. In accordance with Nasdaq phase-in rules for newly public companies, we will have at least one director that is independent under Nasdaq rules and under Rule 10A-3(b)(1) at the time our shares are listed, two such directors within 90 days of such listing and three such directors by the first anniversary of listing.
Controlled Company
Upon completion of this offering, Roark will continue to control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we will be a controlled company under Nasdaq corporate governance standards. As a controlled company, exemptions under the standards will free us from the obligation to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirements:
| that a majority of our board of directors consists of independent directors, as defined under Nasdaq rules; |
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| that we have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committees purpose and responsibilities; |
| that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committees purpose and responsibilities; and |
| for an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and corporate governance committee and compensation committee. |
These exemptions do not modify the independence requirements for our audit committee, and we intend to comply with the requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and Nasdaq rules within the applicable time frame.
Board Committees
Upon the consummation of this offering, our board of directors will have three committees: the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee. Each committee will report to the board of directors as they deem appropriate and as the board may request. Each committee will have the composition, duties and responsibilities described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignations or until otherwise determined by our board of directors. The charter of each committee will be available on our website at www.wingstop.com upon the completion of this offering. Our website is not part of this prospectus. In the future, our board of directors may establish other committees, as it deems appropriate, to assist it with its responsibilities.
Audit Committee
In connection with this offering, our board of directors will adopt a new written charter for our audit committee that complies with the rules of Nasdaq, as applicable. The primary purposes of our audit committee will be to assist the board of directors oversight of:
| the integrity of our financial statements; |
| our internal financial reporting and compliance with our financial, accounting and disclosure controls and procedures; |
| the qualifications, engagement, compensation, independence and performance of our independent registered public accounting firm; |
| our independent registered public accounting firms annual audit of our financial statements and approving all audit and permissible non-audit services; |
| the performance of our internal audit function; |
| our legal and regulatory compliance; and |
| the approval of related party transactions. |
Upon the completion of this offering, our audit committee will be composed of Messrs. Feltenstein, Morris and Molloy. Mr. Molloy will serve as chair of the audit committee. Mr. Molloy qualifies as an audit committee financial expert as such term has been defined by the SEC in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K. Our board of directors has affirmatively determined that Messrs. and meet the definition of independent directors for the purposes of serving on the audit committee under applicable rules of Nasdaq and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We intend to comply with these independence requirements for all members of the audit committee within the time periods specified under such rules.
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Compensation Committee
In connection with this offering, our board of directors will adopt a new written charter for our compensation committee that complies with the rules of Nasdaq, as applicable. The primary purposes of our compensation committee will be to:
| set the overall compensation philosophy, strategy and policies for our executive officers and directors; |
| review and approve corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other key employees and evaluate performance in light of those goals and objectives; |
| review and determine the compensation of our directors, Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers; |
| make recommendations to the board of directors with respect to our incentive and equity-based compensation plans; and |
| review and approve employment agreements and other similar arrangements between us and our executive officers. |
Upon the completion of this offering, our compensation committee will be composed of Messrs. , and . Mr. will serve as chair of the compensation committee. We intend to avail ourselves of the controlled company exception under Nasdaq rules which exempt us from the requirement that we have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
In connection with this offering, our board of directors will adopt a new written charter for our nominating and corporate governance committee that complies with the rules of Nasdaq, as applicable. The primary purposes of our nominating and corporate governance committee will be to:
| recommend to the board of directors for approval the qualifications, qualities, skills and expertise required for board of directors membership; |
| identify potential members of the board of directors consistent with the criteria approved by our board of directors and select and recommend to the board of directors the director nominees for election at annual meetings of stockholders or to otherwise fill vacancies; |
| evaluate and make recommendations regarding the structure, membership and governance of the committees of the board of directors; |
| develop and make recommendations to the board of directors with regard to our corporate governance policies and principles, including development of a set of corporate governance guidelines and principles applicable to us; and |
| oversee the annual review of the board of directors performance. |
Upon the consummation of this offering, we will establish a nominating and corporate governance committee comprised of Messrs. , and . Mr. will serve as chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee. We intend to avail ourselves of the controlled company exception under Nasdaq rules which exempt us from the requirement that we have a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors.
Risk Oversight
Our board of directors is currently responsible for overseeing our risk management process. The board focuses on our general risk management strategy and the most significant risks facing us, and ensures that appropriate risk mitigation strategies are implemented by management. The board is also apprised of particular risk management matters in connection with its general oversight and approval of corporate matters and significant transactions.
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Following the completion of this offering, our board will delegate to the audit committee oversight of our risk management process. Our other board committees will also consider and address risk as they perform their respective committee responsibilities. All committees will report to the full board as appropriate, including when a matter rises to the level of a material or enterprise level risk.
Our management is responsible for day-to-day risk management. This oversight includes identifying, evaluating and addressing potential risks that may exist at the enterprise, strategic, financial, operational, compliance and reporting levels.
Code of Ethics and Business Conduct
We will adopt a code of ethics and business conduct applicable to our principal executive, financial and accounting officers and all persons performing similar functions. A copy of that code will be available on our corporate website at www.wingstop.com upon completion of this offering. We expect that any amendments to the code, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website. Our website is not part of this prospectus.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, on the compensation committee or board of directors of any other company of which any members of our compensation committee or any of our directors is an executive officer.
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth information concerning the fiscal year 2014 compensation of our non-employee directors that served during any part of 2014:
Name |
Fees earned or paid in cash ($)(1) |
Stock / option awards ($)(2) |
All other compensation ($)(3) |
Total ($) |
||||||||||||
Sidney J. Feltenstein |
26,000 | | | 26,000 | ||||||||||||
Michael J. Hislop |
26,000 | | | 26,000 | ||||||||||||
Troy K. Aikman |
6,500 | | 300,000 | 306,500 | ||||||||||||
Steven M. Romaniello |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Stephen D. Aronson |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Erik O. Morris |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Geoff A. Hill |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Michael S. Sharkey |
| | | |
(1) | In 2014, we paid our non-employee directors that were not affiliates of Roark a fee of $6,500 per board meeting attended. |
(2) | We did not grant any stock or option awards to any of the non-employee directors in 2014. At December 31, 2014, none of our non-employee directors held any restricted stock or other unvested stock awards. At December 31, 2014, the following non-employee directors held stock options as follows: Mr. Feltenstein20,000 vested stock options and 20,000 unvested stock options; Mr. Hislop13,333 vested stock options and 26,667 unvested stock options; and Mr. Aikman40,000 vested stock options and 20,000 unvested stock options. |
(3) | We paid Mr. Aikman spokesperson fees during 2014. We do not provide any perquisites to our non-employee directors. |
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We have entered into change in control bonus award agreements with Mr. Feltenstein and Mr. Hislop. Under these agreements, cash bonuses are payable to each of Mr. Feltenstein and Mr. Hislop upon the consummation of a change in control so long as he remains a director. The consummation of this offering is not expected to meet the definition of a change in control, and therefore, is not expected to trigger any cash bonus payouts. The cash bonus calculation for each participant differs and is determined by multiplying the participants covered securities by an amount designated in each agreement. Further, no cash bonus is payable if the per share consideration paid for our common stock in the change in control transaction is equal to or less than an amount specified in each agreement. The maximum potential payments to Mr. Feltenstein and Mr. Hislop under these agreements are $58,000 and $32,800, respectively.
We are currently in the process of determining the appropriate compensation program for our non-employee directors for following this offering. We will provide further information on our director compensation program after it has been finalized.
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Introduction
This section provides an overview of our executive compensation program, including a narrative description of the material factors necessary to understand the information disclosed in the summary compensation table below. For 2014, our named executive officers are:
| Charles R. Morrison, who has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since June 2012 and as a member of our board of directors since September 2012; |
| Michael F. Mravle, who has served as our Chief Financial Officer since September 2014; and |
| William M. Engen, who has served as our Chief Operating Officer since September 2014. |
The objective of our compensation program is to provide a total compensation package to each named executive officer that will enable us to attract, motivate and retain outstanding individuals, reward named executive officers for performance and align the financial interests of each named executive officer with the interests of our stockholders to encourage each named executive officer to contribute to our long-term performance and success.
The compensation program for our named executive officers consists of the following elements: base salary; performance-based cash bonus; equity-based incentive compensation; and severance and change of control benefits.
Historically, our board of directors has determined the compensation for our named executive officers. Upon completion of this offering, we expect to have a compensation committee that will be responsible for determining the compensation for our named executive officers and administering our equity compensation plans and awards. Roark will continue to control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock upon completion of this offering. As a result, we will be a controlled company and we will not be required to have a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors.
Employment Agreements
We have entered into written employment agreements with each of our named executive officers. These agreements were negotiated on an arms-length basis and establish the key elements of compensation.
Mr. Morrisons Employment Agreement
We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Morrison in June 2012. The agreement provides for a term of five years. The annual base salary set forth in the agreement is $375,000.
Mr. Morrison is eligible for an annual bonus with a target of 50% of his base salary based upon the achievement of performance targets established by the board from time to time.
Mr. Morrisons agreement entitled him to the grant of an option to purchase 750,000 shares of our common stock. In satisfaction of this provision, in August 2012 Mr. Morrison was granted an option to purchase 750,000 shares of our common stock, 50% of which is subject to time vesting (375,000 shares) and 50% of which vests based on our achievement of annual EBITDA targets for 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 (375,000 shares).
The agreement provides that Mr. Morrison is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans, programs and policies maintained by the company from time to time. The agreement also provides for severance benefits in the event of his termination by us without cause or a termination by him for good reason, subject to his compliance with certain confidentiality, non-compete, non-solicitation and non-disparagement obligations and the execution of a general release of claims. For more information see Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control.
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Mr. Mravles Employment Agreement
We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Mravle in September 2014. The agreement provides for a term of five years. The annual base salary set forth in the agreement is $315,000.
Mr. Mravle is eligible for an annual bonus with a target of 40% of his base salary based upon the achievement of performance targets established by the board from time to time. For fiscal year 2014 only, we have guaranteed him an annual bonus in the amount of $140,000, $100,000 of which must be repaid to us upon written request if he does not remain employed by us through the first anniversary of the effective date. He is also eligible for a one-time payment of $90,000 to cover all moving and relocation expenses, which must be repaid to us upon written request if he does not remain employed by us through the first anniversary of the effective date.
The agreement provides that Mr. Mravle is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans, programs and policies maintained by the company from time to time. The agreement also provides for severance benefits in the event of his termination by us without cause, subject to his compliance with certain confidentiality, non-compete, non-solicitation and non-disparagement obligations and the execution of a general release of claims. For more information see Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control.
Mr. Engens Employment Agreement
We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Engen in September 2014. The agreement provides for a term of five years. The annual base salary set forth in the agreement is $350,000.
Mr. Engen is eligible for an annual bonus with a target of 40% of his base salary based upon the achievement of performance targets established by the board from time to time. For fiscal year 2014 only, we have guaranteed him an annual bonus in the amount of $140,000, $95,000 of which must be repaid to us on written request if he does not remain employed by us through the first anniversary of the effective date.
The agreement provides that Mr. Engen is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans, programs and policies maintained by the company from time to time. The agreement also provides for severance benefits in the event of his termination by us without cause, subject to his compliance with certain confidentiality, non-compete, non-solicitation and non-disparagement obligations and the execution of a general release of claims. For more information see Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control.
Base Salary
We pay base salaries to attract, recruit and retain qualified employees. Following the consummation of this offering, our compensation committee will review and set base salaries of our named executive officers annually. For fiscal 2014, the annual base salary of each named executive officer was as set forth in such named executive officers employment agreement, pro rated as applicable for employment during the year.
Performance-Based Cash Bonus Compensation
Our named executive officers are eligible to participate in our annual performance-based cash bonus plan. Our board of directors has and, following the completion of this offering, our compensation committee intends to continue an annual performance-based cash bonus plan for eligible employees, including the named executive officers.
Of the named executive officers, only Mr. Morrison participated in the annual performance-based cash bonus plan for fiscal year 2014, or the 2014 Bonus Plan. As Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen joined us late in 2014, we agreed in each such named executive officers employment agreement to guarantee a bonus for fiscal year 2014.
The 2014 Bonus Plan applicable to the participating named executive officers included the following performance goals: 50% is earned based on achieving an adjusted EBITDA target and 50% is earned based on
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achieving a franchise store openings target. In accordance with the plan, the board of directors retains the discretion to approve additional adjustments to adjusted EBITDA for compensation purposes. The payout for the adjusted EBITDA portion of the bonus could exceed 100% of the targeted payout if we achieved adjusted EBITDA above certain levels. The payout for the franchise store openings target portion of the bonus was capped at 100% payout. For fiscal 2014, we achieved 111% of our adjusted EBITDA target, which achievement resulted in a bonus payout that exceeded target. In determining this achievement level, the board of directors approved additional discretionary adjustments to adjusted EBITDA. In addition, for fiscal 2014, we achieved 120% of our franchise store opening target, though the payout was capped at target. Based on our overall achievement of the performance goals, the chief executive officer earned 120% of his target performance based bonus.
Equity Incentive Compensation
We provide equity-based incentive compensation to our named executive officers because it links our long-term results achieved for our stockholders and the rewards provided to named executive officers, thereby ensuring that such officers have a continuing stake in our long-term success. Historically, we have granted equity awards to our named executive officers in conjunction with a named executive officers initial hire. Our named executive officers have been granted stock option awards under the Wing Stop Holding Corporation 2010 Stock Option Plan, or the 2010 Plan.
In September 2014, we granted Mr. Mravle an option to purchase 300,000 shares of our common stock and Mr. Engen an option to purchase 220,000 shares of our common stock. Half of each such option grant is subject to time vesting (20% per year on each anniversary of the grant date). The remaining half of each such option grant is subject to vesting in five equal installments, based upon our achievement of an annual adjusted EBITDA targets for each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. In addition, if we achieve the adjusted EBITDA target for 2019, any unvested options that were eligible to vest prior to 2019 but did not will also vest. Vesting is also subject to the executives continued employment through each vesting date. We did not make an option grant to Mr. Morrison in 2014.
In the future, we may increase our use of long-term equity incentives, particularly through grants of equity awards under the Wingstop Inc. 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2015 Plan, effective upon the completion of this offering. The purpose of the 2015 Plan is to further align the interests of our executives with those of stockholders. For additional information regarding the 2015 Plan, see 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan.
Historically, we have granted awards under the 2010 Plan. In connection with the adoption of the 2015 Plan, we intend to terminate the 2010 Plan, and no further awards will be granted under the 2010 Plan. The termination of the 2010 Plan would not affect awards outstanding under the 2010 Plan at the time of its termination and the terms of the 2010 Plan would continue to govern outstanding awards granted under the 2010 Plan.
Benefits and Perquisites
We offer health and welfare benefits and life insurance to our named executive officers on the same basis that these benefits are offered to our other eligible employees. We also offer a 401(k) plan to our eligible employees. Our named executive officers participate in our 401(k) on the same basis as our other eligible employees. Pursuant to Mr. Mravles employment agreement, we agreed to a one-time payment to reimburse him for his moving and relocation expenses.
We do not provide any perquisites to our named executive officers.
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2014 Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth information concerning the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to the named executive officers for 2014, calculated in accordance with SEC rules and regulations.
Name and Principal Position |
Year | Salary ($) |
Bonus ($) (2) |
Option awards ($) (3) |
Non-equity incentive plan compensation ($) (4) |
All other compensation ($) (5) |
Total ($) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Charles R. Morrison |
2014 | 375,000 | | | 225,000 | 2,678 | 602,678 | |||||||||||||||||||||
President and Chief Executive Officer |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michael F. Mravle (1) |
2014 | 78,750 | 140,000 | 648,030 | | 90,033 | 956,813 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Financial Officer |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
William M. Engen (1) |
2014 | 107,692 | 140,000 | 475,222 | | 55 | 722,969 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Operating Officer |
(1) | Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen joined our company in September 2014. The amount reflected in the Salary column for each of Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen represents the pro-rated amount of each such named executive officers annual base salary earned following the commencement of employment. |
(2) | In their employment agreements, we agreed to guarantee Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen a bonus for fiscal year 2014 only. |
(3) | Represents the aggregate grant date fair value for option awards granted in 2014, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Information about the assumptions used to value these awards can be found in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus. See Equity Incentive Compensation for more information about the options granted in 2014. |
(4) | Represents amounts earned under the 2014 Bonus Plan. Only Mr. Morrison participated in the 2014 Bonus Plan. See Performance-Based Cash Bonus Compensation for information about the 2014 Bonus Plan. |
(5) | Includes the following: company match under the 401(k) plan; life insurance premiums; relocation costs to Mr. Mravle per the terms of his employment agreement; and company health savings account contribution. |
401(k) match ($) | Relocation ($) | Life insurance ($) | HSA contribution ($) | |||||||||||||
Mr. Morrison |
1,839 | | 339 | 500 | ||||||||||||
Mr. Mravle |
| 90,000 | 33 | | ||||||||||||
Mr. Engen |
| | 55 | |
2014 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth information with respect to outstanding option awards for each of the named executive officers as of December 27, 2014. We have not granted any stock awards to the named executive officers.
Option Awards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name |
Grant date | Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) exercisable |
Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) unexercisable |
Equity incentive plan awards: Number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options (#) |
Option exercise price ($) |
Option expiration date |
||||||||||||||||||
Charles R. Morrison |
8/30/12 | (1) | 93,750 | 281,250 | 281,250 | 0.83 | (4) | 8/30/2022 | ||||||||||||||||
Michael F. Mravle |
9/26/14 | (2) | | 150,000 | 150,000 | 4.14 | 9/26/2024 | |||||||||||||||||
William M. Engen |
9/09/14 | (3) | | 110,000 | 110,000 | 4.14 | 9/09/2024 |
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(1) | Mr. Morrisons option grant for 750,000 shares is divided equally between time vesting and performance vesting options. Of the 375,000 time vesting options, 25% vested on each of December 31, 2013 and 2014, and the remaining options vest 25% per year on December 31, 2015 and 2016. Of the performance vesting options, 93,750 options vest upon our achievement of an annual adjusted EBITDA target for each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. In addition, if we meet or achieve the adjusted EBITDA target for 2016, any unvested options that were eligible to vest prior to 2016 but did not will also vest. Vesting is also subject to the executives continued employment through each vesting date. We achieved our adjusted EBITDA target (determined for compensation purposes) for the year ended December 31, 2013, and, as a result, 93,750 options vested. Mr. Morrison exercised 93,750 of his vested options in March 2014. |
(2) | Mr. Mravles option grant for 300,000 shares is divided equally between time vesting and performance vesting options. The 150,000 time vesting options vest 20% per year on September 25, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Of the performance vesting options, 30,000 shares vest upon our achievement of an annual adjusted EBITDA target for each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. In addition, if we meet or achieve the adjusted EBITDA target for 2019, any unvested options that were eligible to vest prior to 2019 but did not will also vest. Vesting is also subject to the executives continued employment through each vesting date. |
(3) | Mr. Engens option grant for 220,000 shares is divided equally between time vesting and performance vesting options. The 110,000 time vesting options vest 20% per year on September 25, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Of the performance vesting options, 22,000 options vest upon our achievement of an annual adjusted EBITDA target for each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. In addition, if we meet or achieve the adjusted EBITDA target for 2019, any unvested options that were eligible to vest prior to 2019 but did not will also vest. Vesting is also subject to the executives continued employment through each vesting date. |
(4) | The option exercise price of Mr. Morrisons grant was originally $2.07 per share. The exercise price was initially reduced to $1.65 to reflect the impact of a dividend paid to our stockholders in December 2012 and further reduced to $0.83 to reflect the impact of a second dividend paid to our stockholders in December 2013. |
Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control
The employment agreements with each of our named executive officers provide for the payment of certain severance benefits upon termination. In addition, the terms of the stock options granted to the named executive officers under the 2010 Plan include certain vesting rights upon a change of control.
Severance Benefits under the Employment Agreements
We have agreed to pay severance benefits in the event of an executives termination by us without cause or, for Mr. Morrison, a termination by the executive for good reason. We also provide severance benefits in the case of death and disability.
Mr. Morrison
The agreement provides for severance benefits if Mr. Morrisons employment is terminated without cause (as defined in the agreement) or if he resigns for good reason (as defined in the agreement). In such instance, Mr. Morrison is entitled to (1) any earned but unpaid cash bonus and (2) the continuation of base salary for 13 months following the termination of his employment, subject to his compliance with the non-disclosure of trade secrets, a five-year confidentiality obligation, an 18 month non-compete obligation, a 24 month non-solicitation obligation, a non-disparagement obligation and the execution of a general release of claims. If a change of control of the company occurs, there is no obligation to make severance payments in connection with such change of control unless Mr. Morrisons employment is terminated without cause or he resigns for good reason simultaneously with such change of control.
If Mr. Morrison is terminated as a result of a permanent disability (as defined in the agreement), he is entitled to (1) a prorated portion of the annual cash bonus earned for the year of termination (if any) calculated at
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the end of such year and paid on the same date on which bonuses are paid to other executives of the company, (2) any other amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid, and (3) continued participation in employee welfare benefit plans which, by their terms, permit a former employee to participate. In the event of his death, his estate is entitled to (1) and (2) above as well as any other benefits to which he would be entitled in accordance with the terms of the applicable plans and programs of the company.
If we terminate Mr. Morrisons employment for cause or he resigns other than for good reason, we will pay (1) his base salary actually earned up to the date of termination and (2) any earned cash bonus from the previous year not yet paid.
Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen
The agreements for Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen provide for severance benefits if the executives employment is terminated without cause (as defined in the agreement). In such instance, the executive is entitled to the continuation of base salary for 12 months following the termination of the executives employment, subject to the executives compliance with the non-disclosure of trade secrets, a five-year confidentiality obligation, a 24 month non-compete obligation, a 24 month non-solicitation obligation, a non-disparagement obligation and the execution of a general release of claims. If a change of control of the company occurs, there is no obligation to make severance payments in connection with such change of control unless the executives employment is terminated without cause simultaneously with such change of control.
If the executive is terminated as a result of a permanent disability (as defined in the agreement), he is entitled to any amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid and continued participation in employee welfare benefit plans which, by their terms, permit a former employee to participate. In the event of the executives death, his estate is entitled to any amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid as well as any other benefits to which he would be entitled in accordance with the terms of the applicable plans and programs of the company.
If we terminate the executives employment for cause, or the executive resigns for any reason, we will pay the executives base salary actually earned up to the date of termination.
Accelerated Vesting under Equity Award Agreements
The stock options granted to the named executive officers under the 2010 Plan include provisions that accelerate vesting in certain circumstances, including upon a change of control (as defined in the 2010 Plan). The consummation of this offering is not expected to meet the definition of a change of control, and therefore, is not expected to accelerate the vesting of the stock option grants.
Mr. Morrison
With respect to Mr. Morrisons time vesting options, 100% of his unvested options will vest if a change of control occurs after December 31, 2015. If a change of control occurs prior to December 31, 2015, then 50% of his unvested options will vest.
With respect to his performance vesting options, if a change of control occurs prior to December 31, 2016 and if the board determines that we were on track to meet or exceed the adjusted EBITDA target for the year in which the change of control occurs, then any unvested options that were eligible to vest prior to the change of control but did not will vest.
In addition, if (1) a change of control occurs prior to December 31, 2016, (2) during the year preceding the change of control we met or exceeded the adjusted EBITDA target for any year after the year during which the change of control occurs, and (3) the board determines that we were on track to meet or exceed the adjusted EBITDA target for the year in which the change of control occurs, then the unvested options allocated to the year
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in which the change of control occurs and the unvested options allocated to any subsequent year for which the adjusted EBITDA target was achieved will vest.
In the case of termination as a result of death or disability, Mr. Morrisons employment will be deemed to have been terminated on the last day of the year in which the death or disability occurs, and that year will count toward the applicable vesting schedule, subject to the achievement of adjusted EBITDA targets with respect to the performance vesting options.
Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen
With respect to the performance vesting options held by Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen, if (1) a change of control occurs prior to December 31, 2019, (2) we met or exceeded the adjusted EBITDA target for the year prior to the year in which the change of control occurs, and (3) the board determines that we were on track to meet or exceed the adjusted EBITDA target for the year in which the change of control occurs, then any unvested options that were eligible to vest prior to the change of control but did not will vest.
In addition, if (1) a change of control occurs prior to December 31, 2019, (2) during the year preceding the change of control, we achieved the adjusted EBITDA target for a year following the year of the change of control, and (3) the board determines that we are on track to achieve the adjusted EBITDA target for such subsequent year in the year that the change of control occurs, then the unvested options allocated to the year in which the change of control occurs and any subsequent year for which we met such adjusted EBITDA target will vest.
In the case of termination as a result of death or disability, the employment for each of Mr. Mravle and Mr. Engen will be deemed to have been terminated on the last day of the year in which the death or disability occurs, and that year will count toward the applicable vesting schedule, subject to the achievement of adjusted EBITDA targets with respect to the performance vesting options.
2010 Stock Option Plan
In 2010, we adopted the 2010 Plan in order to provide a means to attract, retain and motivate our directors, employees, and consultants upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts our continued success, growth and development are dependent. The 2010 Plan provides that each award will expire no later than the tenth anniversary of the grant. Vesting of the options granted under the 2010 Plan is determined in accordance with the provisions of the applicable option certificate. The specific provisions of option certificates issued pursuant to the 2010 Plan, including those concerning vesting of options, may vary. In order to exercise any portion of the options, the holder must be an active director, employee, or consultant at the time of exercise of the option unless, otherwise provided in the applicable option certificate. If the termination of a director, employee, or consultants status as an active employee is due to his death, the person or persons to whom any portion of the options are transferred by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, as applicable, thereafter shall be treated as the holder of the options. In no event will an employee be entitled to exercise the option after its original expiration date. All options, whether or not vested, will be forfeited if an employees employment is terminated for cause unless, otherwise provided in the applicable option certificate.
2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
We intend to adopt the Wingstop Inc. 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2015 Plan, effective upon completion of this offering. The 2015 Plan is intended to promote our long-term success and increase stockholder value by attracting, motivating, and retaining non-employee directors, officers, employees, advisors and consultants. To achieve this purpose, the 2015 Plan will allow the flexibility to grant or award stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance unit awards, performance
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share awards, cash-based awards and other stock-based awards to eligible individuals, thereby strengthening their commitment to our success and aligning their interests with those of our stockholders. No awards have been made under the 2015 Plan.
Administration
The compensation committee will have discretionary authority to administer the 2015 Plan in accordance with its terms and applicable laws. The compensation committee will determine the non-employee directors, employees, advisors and consultants who will be granted awards under the 2015 Plan, the size and types of awards, the terms and conditions of awards and the form and content of the award agreements representing awards. The compensation committee will not be required to grant awards on a uniform or consistent basis. The compensation committee will be authorized to establish, administer and waive terms, conditions and performance goals of outstanding awards and to accelerate the vesting or exercisability of awards, in each case, subject to limitations contained in the 2015 Plan. The compensation committee will be authorized to interpret the 2015 Plan and award agreements and will have authority to correct any defects, supply any omissions and reconcile any inconsistencies in the 2015 Plan and/or any award agreements and to take any other action that the compensation committee deems necessary or appropriate for the administration of the 2015 Plan. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the 2015 Plan, the compensation committees decisions, interpretations and actions concerning the 2015 Plan or any award will be within the sole discretion of the compensation committee, will be permitted to be made at any time and will be final, conclusive and binding upon all persons and entities, including any participant and any holder or beneficiary of any award. Within the limitations of the 2015 Plan and applicable law, the compensation committee will be authorized to delegate all or any part of its responsibilities and powers under the 2015 Plan to persons selected by it, and the board will be permitted to exercise all of the compensation committees powers under the 2015 Plan.
Shares Subject to the 2015 Plan
A total of shares of our common stock, will be available for delivery under the 2015 Plan. The number of shares available for delivery under the 2015 Plan will also be subject to adjustment for certain changes in our capital structure, as described below under Changes in Capital. The shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2015 Plan will be either authorized and unissued shares (which will not be subject to preemptive rights) or previously issued shares that have been reacquired. Any shares subject to an award that is (1) forfeited, terminated, cancelled or otherwise expires or (2) settled for cash, will be available for future awards under the 2015 Plan. If we acquire or combine with another company, any awards that may be granted under the 2015 Plan in substitution or exchange for outstanding stock options or other awards of that other company will not reduce the shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan. The shares available for any incentive stock options granted under the 2015 Plan will be limited to shares of common stock, adjusted as stated above.
Participation
The compensation committee will be authorized grant awards under the 2015 Plan to (a) employees, advisors and consultants of us and our subsidiaries and affiliates, (b) those individuals who have accepted an offer of employment or consultancy from us or our subsidiaries or affiliates, and (c) our non-employee directors. However, only employees of us and our subsidiaries will be eligible to receive incentive stock options under the 2015 Plan.
Stock Options
A stock option is the right to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock in the future at a specified exercise price and subject to the other terms and conditions that will be specified in the option agreement and the 2015 Plan. Stock options granted under the 2015 Plan will be either incentive stock options, which may be eligible for special tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code, or options other than incentive
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stock options, referred to as nonqualified stock options, as determined by the compensation committee. All stock options that are intended to qualify as incentive stock options will be granted pursuant to award agreements expressly stating that the options are intended to qualify as incentive stock options, and will be subject to the terms and conditions that comply with the rules provided under section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. The number of shares covered by each option will be determined by the compensation committee, but no participant may be granted in any fiscal year options for more than shares of common stock. The exercise price of each option will be set by the compensation committee but cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the time of grant (or, in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a 10% or more stockholder of the company, or subsidiary, as applicable, 110% of the fair market value). Options granted under the 2015 Plan in substitution or exchange for options or awards of another company involved in a corporate transaction with the company or a subsidiary will have an exercise price that is intended to preserve the economic value of the award that is replaced. The fair market value of our common stock generally means the closing price of the common stock on the option grant date. The exercise price of any stock options granted under the 2015 Plan will be paid by check, or, with the compensation committees approval, shares of our common stock already owned by the option holder, a cashless broker-assisted exercise that complies with law, withholding of shares otherwise deliverable to the option holder upon exercise of the option or any other method approved or accepted by the compensation committee in its discretion. Any fractional shares of common stock will be settled in cash.
Options will become exercisable and expire at the times and on the terms established by the compensation committee, not later than the tenth anniversary of the grant date. If the exercise of a nonqualified stock option on its scheduled expiration date would violate law, the option may be extended until its exercise would not violate law. Further, if a nonqualified stock option would expire at a time when trading of shares of our common stock is prohibited by our insider trading policy (or blackout period imposed by us), the term will automatically be extended to the 30th day following the end of such period. Options generally terminate when the holders employment or service with us terminates. However, an option may be exercised for up to one year following the holders termination of employment or services in specified circumstances, unless the compensation committee or the option agreement permits exercise of the option following the holders termination to any greater or lesser extent.
Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock appreciation rights, or SARs, may be granted by the compensation committee (either in connection with, or independent of, an option) upon such terms and conditions determined by the compensation committee which are permitted under the 2015 Plan. Generally, SARs are awards that, upon their exercise, give the holder a right to receive from us an amount equal to the product of (1) the number of shares for which the SAR is exercised, multiplied by (2) the excess of the (a) fair market value of a share of our common stock on the exercise date, over (b) the grant price per share. The grant price per share cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date of such SAR. SARs granted under the 2015 Plan in substitution or exchange for SARs or awards of another company involved in a corporate transaction with the company or a subsidiary will have an exercise price that is intended to preserve the economic value of the award that is replaced. A SAR may be settled in cash, shares or a combination of cash and shares, as determined by the compensation committee. SARs will become exercisable and expire at the times and on the terms established by the compensation committee. The number of shares covered by each SAR will be determined by the compensation committee, but no participant may be granted in any fiscal year SARs covering more than shares of our common stock.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock awards are shares of our common stock that are awarded to a participant subject to the satisfaction of the terms and conditions established by the compensation committee. Until the applicable restrictions lapse, shares of restricted stock will be subject to forfeiture and may not be sold, assigned, pledged or
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otherwise disposed of by the participant who holds those shares. Restricted stock units will be denominated in units of shares of our common stock, except that no shares are actually issued to the participant on the grant date. When a restricted stock unit award vests, the participant will be entitled to receive shares of our common stock, a cash payment based on the value of shares of our common stock or a combination of shares and cash. Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units may be based on continued employment or service and/or satisfaction of performance goals or other conditions established by the compensation committee. Subject to the other terms of the 2015 Plan, a recipient of restricted stock will generally have the rights and privileges of a stockholder during the restriction period, including the right to receive any dividends, which may be subject to the same restrictions as the restricted stock, unless the compensation committee provides otherwise in the award agreement. A recipient of restricted stock units will have none of the rights of a stockholder unless and until shares are actually delivered to the recipient. The number of shares of restricted stock and/or restricted stock units granted to a participant will be determined by the compensation committee, but no participant may be granted in any fiscal year more than shares subject to awards of restricted stock or restricted stock units. Upon termination of employment or service, or failure to satisfy other vesting conditions, a participants unvested shares of restricted stock and unvested restricted stock units are forfeited unless the participants award agreement, or the compensation committee, provides otherwise.
Performance Units, Performance Shares and Cash-Based Awards
Performance units, performance shares and cash-based awards granted to a participant under the 2015 Plan will be amounts credited to a bookkeeping account established for the participant. A performance unit is a fixed or variable dollar denominated unit with a value determined by the compensation committee and stated in the award agreement. The value of a performance share is based on the value of our common stock. A cash-based award has a value that is established by the compensation committee at the time of its grant. The number of performance units, performance shares and cash-based awards granted to a participant will be determined by the compensation committee; however, no participant may be granted in any fiscal year performance units amounting to more than $ , performance shares with respect to more than shares or cash-based awards amounting to more than $ . Whether a performance unit, performance share or cash-based award actually will result in a payment to a participant will depend upon the extent to which performance goals or other conditions established by the compensation committee are satisfied. After a performance unit, performance share or cash-based award has vested, the participant will be entitled to receive a payout of cash, shares of our common stock or a combination thereof, as determined by the compensation committee. A participants award agreement will describe the effect of a termination of employment or service on the participants performance units, performance shares or cash-based award.
Other Stock-Based Awards
The compensation committee will be authorized to grant to participants other stock-based awards under the 2015 Plan, which will be valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, shares of our common stock. The form of any other stock-based awards will be determined by the compensation committee, and may include a grant or sale of unrestricted shares of our common stock. The number of shares of our common stock related to another stock-based award will be determined by the compensation committee; however, no participant may be granted in any fiscal year other stock-based awards with respect to more than shares (or cash amounts based on the fair market value of this number of shares on the grant date of the award). Other stock-based awards may be paid in shares of our common stock, cash or a combination of shares and cash, according to the award agreement. The terms and conditions, including vesting conditions, of another stock-based award will be established by the compensation committee when the award is made. The compensation committee will determine the effect of a termination of employment or service on a participants other stock-based awards.
Dividend Equivalents
The compensation committee will be authorized to provide part of an award with dividends or payment of dividend equivalents, on such terms and conditions as may be determined by the compensation committee in its
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sole discretion and consistent with the 2015 Plan; provided, however, that no dividends or dividend equivalents will be payable in respect to outstanding options or SARS. Dividend equivalents may not be paid until and to the extent the underlying award vests or is exercised.
Performance-Based Awards
Restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares, cash-based awards and other stock-based awards subject to performance conditions may, in the compensation committees discretion and subject to stockholder approval of the 2015 Plan prior to the payment of any awards, be structured to qualify as performance-based compensation that is exempt from the deduction limitations of section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. Awards intended to satisfy this exemption must be conditioned on the achievement of objectively determinable performance goals based on one or more of the performance measures listed below, determined in relation to the company or its subsidiaries or any of their business units, divisions, services or products, or in comparison to a designated group of other companies or index: net sales; system-wide sales; comparable store sales; revenue; revenue growth or product revenue growth; operating income (before or after taxes); pre- or after-tax income or loss (before or after allocation of corporate overhead and bonus); earnings or loss per share; net income or loss (before or after taxes); adjusted operating income; adjusted net income; adjusted earnings per share; channel revenue; channel revenue growth; franchising commitments; manufacturing profit; manufacturing profit margin; store closures; return on equity; total stockholder return; return on assets or net assets; appreciation in and/or maintenance of the price of the shares or any other publicly traded securities of the company; market share; gross profits; earnings or losses (including earnings or losses before taxes, before interest and taxes, or before interest, taxes, depreciation and/or amortization); economic value-added measurements; comparisons with various stock market indices; reductions in costs; cash flow or cash flow per share (before or after dividends); return on capital (including return on total capital or return on invested capital); cash flow return on investment; attainment of expense, working capital, cash, inventory or accounts receivable levels; operating margin; gross margin; year-end cash; cash margin; debt reduction; stockholders equity; market share; customer satisfaction; customer growth; supply chain achievements (including establishing relationships with suppliers, points of distribution and gross or net store openings); financial ratios, including those measuring liquidity, activity, profitability or leverage; cost of capital or assets under management; financing, factoring transactions and other capital raising transactions; strategic business criteria consisting of one or more objectives based on meeting specified goals with respect to research, development, manufacturing, commercialization, products or projects, production volume levels, acquisitions and divestitures; and recruiting or turnover of personnel.
The compensation committee will determine whether the performance goals that have been chosen for a particular performance-based award have been met. The compensation committee will have the discretion to adjust downwards but not upwards amounts payable or benefits granted, issued, retained or vested under a performance-based award described above. The compensation committee may not waive the achievement of performance goals applicable to these awards, except in the case of the participants death, disability or a change of control of the company. The compensation committees evaluation of the achievement of performance goals may include or exclude any of the following events that occur during a performance period: (a) gains or losses on sales or dispositions, (b) asset write-downs, (c) changes in tax law or rate, including the impact on deferred tax liabilities, (d) the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, (e) extraordinary items, or with respect to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, events of an unusual nature and/or of a type that indicate infrequency of occurrence, and appearing in the companys financial statements or notes thereto appearing in the companys Annual Report on Form 10-K, and/or in managements discussion and analysis of financial performance appearing in such Annual Report, (f) acquisitions occurring after the start of a performance period or unbudgeted costs incurred related to future acquisitions, (g) operations discontinued, divested or restructured during the performance period, including severance costs, (h) gains or losses on refinancing or extinguishment of debt, (i) foreign exchange gains and losses, and (j) any other similar event or condition specified in the applicable award agreement.
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Deferrals of Awards
The compensation committee may, to the extent permitted by law, require or allow participants to defer receipt of all or part of any cash or shares subject to their award agreements on the terms of any deferred compensation plan of the company or other terms set by the compensation committee. Any such deferred compensation plan or other terms set by the compensation committee will be exempt from, or comply with the rules under section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.
Transferability of Awards
Options, SARs, unvested restricted stock, and other awards under the 2015 Plan may not be sold or otherwise transferred except in the event of a participants death to his or her designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless otherwise determined by the compensation committee. The compensation committee may permit awards other than incentive stock options and any related SARs to be transferred for no consideration.
Change of Control
A change of control of the company (as defined in the 2015 Plan) will have no effect on outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan that the board or the compensation committee determines will be honored or assumed or replaced with new rights by a new employer (referred to as an alternative award), so long as the alternative award:
| is based on securities that are, or within 60 days after the change of control will be, traded on an established United States securities market; |
| provides the holder with rights and entitlements (such as vesting and timing or methods of payment) that are at least substantially equivalent to the rights, terms and conditions of the outstanding award; |
| has an economic value that is substantially equivalent to that of the outstanding award; |
| provides that if the holders employment with the new employer terminates under any circumstances, other than due to termination for cause or resignation without good reason, within 1 year following the change of control (or prior to a change of control, but following the date on which we agree in principle to enter into that change of control transaction), (1) any conditions on the holders rights under, or any restrictions on transfer or exercisability applicable to, the alternative award will be waived or will lapse in full, and the alternative award will become fully vested and exercisable, and (2) the alternative award may be exercised until the later of (a) the last date on which the outstanding award would otherwise have been exercisable, and (b) the earlier of (i) the third anniversary of the change of control and (ii) expiration of the term of the outstanding award; and |
| will not subject the holder to additional taxes or penalties under section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. |
If the board or the compensation committee determines not to honor, assume or replace the outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan with alternative awards, then, with respect to any outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan:
(1) | the awards will fully vest and become nonforfeitable and exercisable immediately prior to the change of control; |
(2) | the board or the compensation committee will provide that in connection with the change of control: |
| each outstanding option and SAR will be cancelled in exchange for an amount equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the change of control date, reduced by the option exercise price or grant price of the option or SAR; |
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| each outstanding share of restricted stock, restricted stock unit and any other award denominated in shares will be cancelled in exchange for an amount equal to the number of shares covered by the award multiplied by the price per share offered for our common stock in the change of control transaction, or, in some cases, the highest fair market value of the common stock during the 30 trading days preceding the change of control date; and |
| any outstanding award not denominated in shares, including any award the payment of which was deferred, will be cancelled in exchange for the full amount of the award; |
(3) | the target performance goals applicable to any outstanding awards will be deemed to be fully attained, unless actual performance exceeds the target, in which case actual performance will be used, for the entire performance period then outstanding; and |
(4) | the board or the compensation committee may otherwise adjust or settle outstanding awards as it deems appropriate, consistent with the 2015 Plans purposes. |
Any amounts described under (2) above will be paid in cash, publicly traded securities of the new employer or a combination of cash and securities as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event later than 10 business days, following the change of control.
Changes in Capital
In the event of a change in our capital structure, such as a stock dividend, stock split or recapitalization, or a corporate transaction, such as a merger, consolidation, reorganization or spin-off, the compensation committee or the board will make substitutions or adjustments that it deems appropriate and equitable to: (a) the aggregate number, class and kind of shares or other securities reserved for issuance and delivery under the 2015 Plan, (b) the number, class and kind of shares or other securities subject to outstanding awards; (c) the option exercise price, grant price or other price of securities subject to outstanding options, stock appreciation rights and, to the extent applicable, other awards; and (d) the limits on the number of shares that may be subject to awards granted to a single participant under the 2015 Plan. In the case of a corporate transaction, these adjustments may include, for example, (1) cancellation of outstanding awards in exchange for payments of cash and/or property; (2) substitution of other property (for example, stock of another company) for shares of our common stock subject to outstanding awards; and (3) in connection with a transaction in which a subsidiary, affiliate or division of us is sold or otherwise ceases to be owned by us, arranging for the assumption of awards, or replacement of awards with new awards based on other property or other securities, by the affected subsidiary, affiliate, or division, or by the entity that controls that subsidiary, affiliate, or division (as well as any corresponding adjustments to awards that remain based upon our securities). The compensation committee will also make appropriate adjustments and modifications in the terms of any outstanding awards to reflect, or related to, any such events, adjustments, substitutions or changes, including modifications of performance goals and changes in the length of performance periods.
Amendment and Termination
The board will have the authority to amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2015 Plan in whole or in part, in its sole discretion. However, the board will be required to obtain approval of the stockholders, if required by the exemption from the short-swing profit recovery rules of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the tax law requirements for incentive stock options or any applicable law, regulation or rule, of any amendment of the 2015 Plan that would: (a) increase the maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be sold or awarded under the 2015 Plan, or that may be subject to awards granted to a single participant; (b) decrease the minimum option exercise price or SAR grant price required by the 2015 Plan, except, in the case of (a) or (b), in the event of certain changes in capital of the company (as described above under Changes in Capital); (c) change the class of persons eligible to receive awards under the 2015 Plan; (d) change the performance measures applicable to awards intended to qualify as performance-based compensation under section 162(m) of
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the Internal Revenue Code; (e) extend the duration of the 2015 Plan or the maximum exercise periods of any options or SARs granted under the 2015 Plan; or (f) otherwise require stockholder approval to comply with applicable laws, regulations or rules. The compensation committee may also amend outstanding awards.
However, no amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of the 2015 Plan or amendment of outstanding awards may materially impair the previously accrued rights of a participant under any outstanding award without his or her written consent, except (a) to comply with (1) the exemption from the short-swing profit recovery rules of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or (2) the exception for performance-based compensation under section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, or (b) where the board or the compensation committee determines that the amendment or alteration either (1) is required or advisable to comply with laws, regulations, rules or accounting standards or (2) is not reasonably likely to significantly diminish, without adequate compensation, the benefits provided under an award. Additionally, the provisions of the 2015 Plan described above under Change of Control may not be amended, terminated or modified on or after the date of a Change of Control to materially impair any participants outstanding award without that participants prior written consent. The board or the compensation committee will also make adjustments that it deems appropriate to awards under the 2015 Plan in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the company or its financial statements or changes in laws, regulations, rules or accounting principles.
The 2015 Plan will prohibit the company from reducing the exercise price or grant price of an outstanding stock option or SAR or replacing an outstanding stock option or SAR with a new option or SAR that has a lower exercise price or grant price, or with any other type of new award under the 2015 Plan, except in connection with a share change, a corporate transaction or as otherwise described under Changes in Capital above, without first obtaining stockholder approval.
Duration of 2015 Plan
No awards will be made under the 2015 Plan on or after the earlier of (1) the tenth anniversary of the effective date of the 2015 Plan, or (2) the date on which all shares of common stock reserved under the 2015 Plan have been issued or are no longer available for use under the 2015 Plan.
Forfeiture
The 2015 Plan will authorize the compensation committee to provide for the forfeiture or recoupment of a participants awards in certain situations, such as the termination of the participants employment for cause, serious misconduct, breach of noncompetition, confidentiality or other restrictive covenants, or other activity detrimental to our business, reputation or interests. If the company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the companys material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the federal securities laws, the company may seek to recover from any current or former executive officer any payment in settlement of an award earned or accrued during the three-year period preceding the accounting restatement. The amount to be recovered will be based on the excess of the amount paid under the award over the amount that would have been paid under the award if the financial statements had been correct.
We intend to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-8 covering our shares issuable under the 2015 Plan.
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PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information as of , 2015 regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock (i) immediately prior to this offering and (ii) as adjusted to give effect to this offering based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, by:
| each person known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of our outstanding common stock; |
| each of our directors and named executive officers; |
| all of our directors and executive officers as a group; and |
| each selling stockholder. |
For further information regarding material transactions between us and certain of our stockholders, see Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.
Beneficial ownership for the purposes of the following table is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. These rules generally provide that a person is the beneficial owner of securities if such person has or shares the power to vote or direct the voting thereof, or to dispose or direct the disposition thereof or has the right to acquire such powers within 60 days. Common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of , 2015 are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding the options. These shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on shares of common stock outstanding as of , assuming no exercise of the option to purchase additional shares from us. Except as disclosed in the footnotes to this table and subject to applicable community property laws, we believe that each stockholder identified in the table possesses sole voting and investment power over all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by the stockholder. Unless otherwise indicated in the table or footnotes below, the address for each beneficial owner is c/o Wingstop Inc., 5501 LBJ Freeway, 5th Floor, Dallas, Texas 75240.
Shares beneficially owned prior to this offering (1) |
Number of shares offered |
Shares beneficially owned after this offering (1)(2) (no option exercised) |
Shares beneficially owned after this offering (1)(2) (full option exercised) | |||||||||||
Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | |||||||||
Principal stockholder: |
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RC II WS LLC (3) |
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Other selling stockholders: |
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Named executive officers and directors: |
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Charles R. Morrison |
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Michael F. Mravle |
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William M. Engen |
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Neal K. Aronson (3) |
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Sidney J. Feltenstein (4) |
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Michael J. Hislop |
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Lawrence P. Molloy |
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Erik O. Morris |
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Steven M. Romaniello |
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All current executive officers and directors as a group (13 persons) |
* | Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent (1%) of our outstanding common stock. |
(1) | Shares shown in the table above include shares held in the beneficial owners name or jointly with others, or in the name of a bank, nominee or trustee for the beneficial owners account. |
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(2) | Beneficial ownership does not include any shares that may be purchased in this offering. See Underwriters. |
(3) | RC II WS LLC directly owns shares of common stock. RC II WS LLC, a Georgia limited liability company, is controlled by Roark Capital Partners II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership. Roark Capital Partners II, LP is controlled by its general partner, Roark Capital GenPar II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which is in turn controlled by its managing member, Neal K. Aronson. Each of Roark Capital Partners II, LP, Roark Capital GenPar II, LLC and Mr. Aronson may be deemed to have voting and dispositive power with respect to the common stock directly owned by RC II WS LLC and therefore be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the common stock held by RC II WS LLC, but each disclaim beneficial ownership of such common stock. The principal business address of each of the entities and persons identified in this paragraph is c/o Roark Capital Management, LLC, 1180 Peachtree Street, Suite 2500, Atlanta, GA, 30309. |
(4) | Includes options to purchase 20,000 shares vested or vesting within 60 days of , 2015. |
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Management Agreement
We are a party to an amended and restated management advisory and consulting services agreement, dated December 15, 2011, or the management agreement, with Roark Capital Management, LLC, or Roark Capital Management, pursuant to which Roark Capital Management provides management consulting services to us and receives specified consideration for such services. The management consulting services generally consist of advice concerning management, finance, marketing, strategic planning and such other services as may be requested from time to time by our board of directors. We paid an aggregate of $0.5 million and $0.4 million for these management consulting services for each of the fiscal years 2014 and 2013, respectively. We expect to terminate the management agreement in connection with this offering. Upon termination of the management agreement and the consummation of this offering, Roark Capital Management will receive an aggregate payment from us of $ . The management agreement includes customary exculpation and indemnification provisions in favor of Roark Capital Management.
Shareholder Agreements
We and our principal stockholder, RC II WS, have entered into shareholder agreements with each of the other stockholders of the company prior to our initial public offering, which set forth certain rights and restrictions with respect to the ownership of shares of our common stock.
The shareholder agreements with respect to shares of our common stock will not terminate in connection with our initial public offering, and we expect each such shareholder agreement to remain in place following this offering. As a result, the shareholder agreements with respect to such shares of our common stock will continue to set forth certain rights and restrictions with respect to ownership by the pre-IPO stockholders of shares of our common stock, including:
| drag-along rights in the event RC II WS proposes to sell any of its shares of our common stock, pursuant to which a pre-IPO stockholder may be required to sell all of its shares of our common stock and any rights to acquire shares of our common stock that the pre-IPO stockholder may own on the same terms and conditions as RC II WS proposes to sell any shares of our common stock; |
| tag-along rights in the event RC II WS proposes to sell its shares of our common stock in a transaction that would result in RC II WS and its affiliates owning less than 50% of our common stock, pursuant to which a pre-IPO stockholder may have the right to sell, at the same price and on the same terms as RC II WS, the same proportion of its shares of our common stock (including rights to acquire shares) as is proposed to be sold by RC II WS; |
| restrictions on the transfer of shares of our common stock, which require any pre-IPO stockholder to obtain the prior written consent of the board of directors to effect any transfer of shares of our common stock, other than pursuant to the exercise of the drag along rights or tag along rights and other permitted transfers (such as transfers to certain family members, an estate, certain trusts and other entities wholly owned and controlled by the pre-IPO stockholder or certain family members); and |
| other provisions relating to among other things, non-disparagement. |
The signing dates for the shareholder agreements range from as early as December 2012 through December 2014. Each shareholder agreement will terminate on its twentieth anniversary.
The shareholder agreements with respect to shares of our common stock will terminate in connection with our initial public offering, except that the rights and restrictions with respect to non-disparagement will continue following the offering. The signing dates for these shareholder agreements range from as early as April 2010 through November 2011.
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We and our principal stockholder, RC II WS, have also entered into a shareholder agreement with respect to shares of our common stock, which will terminate upon the closing of this offering, except that the following rights and restrictions will continue with respect to such shares following the offering:
| piggyback registration rights that provide the stockholder the right to register its shares of our common stock if we register any of our common stock (either for our account or the account of a stockholder exercising demand registration rights), subject to limited exceptions; and |
| restrictions related to confidential information. |
In accordance with the terms of each of the shareholder agreements described above, each of the parties to the agreements has agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Jefferies LLC for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. For additional information, see Underwriters.
Board Compensation
Upon completion of this offering, all non-employee members of our board of directors will be compensated as set forth under ManagementDirector Compensation.
Indemnification Agreements
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our current directors and executive officers. These agreements will require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to us, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. We also intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our future directors and executive officers.
Registration Rights Agreement
We expect to enter into a registration rights agreement with RC II WS in connection with this offering. See Description of Capital StockRegistration Rights for more information.
Policies and Procedures With Respect to Related Party Transactions
In accordance with our Policy on Related Party Transactions that we intend to adopt upon the closing of this offering, our Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving related party transactions. In addition, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will require that all of our employees and directors inform the General Counsel of any material transaction or relationship that comes to their attention that could reasonably be expected to create a conflict of interest. Further, at least annually, each director and executive officer will complete a detailed questionnaire that asks questions about any business relationship that may give rise to a conflict of interest and all transactions in which we are involved and in which the executive officer, a director or a related person has a direct or indirect material interest.
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The following description summarizes important terms of our capital stock. For a complete description, you should refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, forms of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, as well as the relevant portions of the Delaware General Corporation Law. References to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws are to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws, respectively, each of which will become effective upon completion of this offering.
Common Stock
General. As of , 2015, there were shares of our common stock outstanding, par value $0.01 per share, and approximately stockholders of record. After this offering, our certificate of incorporation will authorize the issuance of shares of our common stock, and there will be shares of our common stock outstanding.
Voting rights. Except as required by law or matters relating solely to the terms of preferred stock, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors, and will not have cumulative voting rights. Unless otherwise required by law, matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders will require the approval of a majority of votes cast by stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on such matter, except that directors will be elected by a plurality of votes cast. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors will be able to elect all of the directors standing for election, if they so choose.
Dividend rights. Holders of common stock will be entitled to receive ratably dividends if, as and when dividends are declared from time to time by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose, subject to any preferential dividend rights of any then outstanding preferred stock. Our ability to pay dividends is limited by covenants in our credit facilities. See Dividend Policy.
Other matters. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to any other distribution rights granted to holders of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock will have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights, and no redemption or sinking fund provisions will be applicable to our common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are, and the shares of common stock to be outstanding upon completion of this offering will be, fully paid and nonassessable.
Preferred Stock
Our certificate of incorporation will permit our board of directors, without further action of stockholders, to issue up to shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more classes or series. The board also may fix the relative rights and preferences of those shares, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights, terms of sinking funds, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any class or series or the designation of the class or series. Terms selected by our board of directors in the future could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of common stock or adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the holders of common stock without any further vote or action by the stockholders. As a result, the rights of holders of our common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any preferred stock that may be issued by us in the future, which could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock. Upon consummation of this offering, there will be no shares of preferred stock outstanding, and we have no present intention to issue any shares of preferred stock.
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Registration Rights
We expect to enter into a registration rights agreement with RC II WS in connection with this offering. The terms of the registration rights agreement will include provisions for demand registration rights and piggyback registration rights in favor of RC II WS. Subject to the terms of the registration rights agreement, RC II WS, the holder of shares of our common stock, will have the right to require that we register its shares under the Securities Act for sale to the public. So long as we do not have an effective shelf registration statement with respect to our common stock, RC II WS may request registration (a demand registration) of all or a portion of its common stock (registrable securities). We shall not be obligated to effectuate more than three demand registrations in any 12-month period. The registration rights agreement will provide that subject to certain limitations, at any time that we are eligible to use Form S-3, we will upon request of RC II WS file a shelf registration statement covering all registrable securities and, if such shelf registration statement is not automatically effective, use reasonable best efforts to cause the shelf registration statement to be declared effective. Once the shelf registration statement is effective, we are required to use reasonable best efforts to keep the shelf registration statement continuously effective and usable for resale of registrable securities. In addition, if at any time we propose or are required to register any shares of our common stock under the Securities Act (other than a demand registration or pursuant to an employee benefit) (a piggyback registration), we will be required to notify RC II WS of its right to participate in such registration. We will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause registrable securities held by RC II WS requested to be included in the registration to be so included. These piggyback registration rights are subject to certain exceptions set forth in the registration rights agreement. The registration rights agreement will also provide that, subject to limitations described below, any holder with registrable securities registered pursuant to a shelf registration may effect an underwritten offering of its registrable securities after delivery of advance notice to us. Any underwritten offering must reasonably be expected to result in at least $10 million in gross proceeds.
In connection with an underwritten offering, we may have to agree to not effect any public sale or distribution of equity securities (1) during the 90-day period (subject to a 17-day extension) following the effective date of any underwritten demand registration or (2) during the period ending 90 days (subject to a 17-day extension) after commencement of such underwritten shelf offering, unless the managing underwriters agree to a shorter period. Under the registration rights agreement, we will agree, subject to certain limitations, to indemnify RC II WS its officers, directors, managers and partners, and each person controlling such holder against all losses, claims, actions, damages, liabilities and expenses in certain circumstances and to pay any expenses reasonably incurred in connection investigating, preparing or defending these, except insofar as the same are caused by or contained in any information furnished in writing to us by such holder expressly for use therein.
In addition, a shareholder agreement with respect to shares of our common stock includes piggy back registration rights giving such stockholder the right to register its shares of our common stock if we register any of our common stock, subject to limited exceptions. See Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsShareholders Agreements.
We must pay all expenses, except for underwriters discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with the exercise of these demand and piggyback registration rights. The registration rights agreement will not provide for the payment of any consideration by us to RC II WS if a registration statement for the resale of shares of common stock held by RC II WS is not declared effective or if the effectiveness is not maintained. shares of our common stock will be entitled to these registration rights following completion of this offering, assuming no exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares of common stock. However, the underwriting agreement and lock-up agreements prohibit us from a filing any registration statement for the resale of shares of common stock held by RC II WS for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior consent of the representatives. Shares registered with the SEC pursuant to these registrations rights will be eligible for sale in the public markets, subject to the lock-up agreements described in Underwriters. See Shares Eligible for Future SaleRegistration Rights Agreement.
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Anti-takeover Effects of Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware Law
The provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or DGCL, and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting an unsolicited offer to acquire our company. Such provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Election and removal of directors. Our board of directors will be divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III. The initial terms of Class I directors will expire at the first annual meeting of our stockholders following the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The initial terms of Class II directors will expire at the second annual meeting of our stockholders following the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The initial terms of Class III directors will expire at the third annual meeting of our stockholders following the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Following their initial terms, each class of directors will be elected for a three-year term. Our directors may be removed only by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2⁄3% of our then outstanding common stock and only for cause. For more information on the terms of our directors, see the section entitled ManagementBoard of Directors. This system of electing and removing directors generally makes it more difficult for stockholders to replace a majority of our directors.
Authorized but unissued shares. The authorized but unissued shares of our common stock and our preferred stock will be available for future issuance without any further vote or action by our stockholders. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of our common stock and our preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control over us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.
Stockholder action; advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws require that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by a consent in writing. Our certificate of incorporation also requires that special meetings of stockholders be called only by a majority of our board of directors. In addition, our bylaws provide that candidates for director may be nominated and other business brought before an annual meeting only by the board of directors or by a stockholder who gives written notice to us no later than 90 days prior to nor earlier than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the last annual meeting of stockholders. These provisions may have the effect of deterring unsolicited offers to acquire our company or delaying changes in control of our management, which could depress the market price of our common stock.
Stockholder action by written consent. The DGCL provides that, unless otherwise stated in a corporations certificate of incorporation, the stockholders may act by written consent without a meeting. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that after the investments funds associated with Roark collectively own less than 50% of our outstanding common stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders at an annual meeting or special meeting of the stockholders may only be taken at an annual or special meeting before which it is properly brought, and not by written consent without a meeting. As a result, Roark will be able to act by written consent so long as it beneficially owns at least 50% of our outstanding common stock.
Special meeting of stockholders and advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that, except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders can only be called only upon the request of a majority of our board of directors or, at the request of RC II WS so long as RC II WS (or its affiliates) owns at least 10% of the voting power of all outstanding shares of our common stock.
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In addition, our amended and restated bylaws require advance notice procedures for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of the stockholders, including the nomination of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting may only consider the proposals specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors, or by a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has delivered a timely written notice in proper form to our secretary, of the stockholders intention to bring such business before the meeting.
These provisions could have the effect of delaying until the next stockholder meeting any stockholder actions, even if they are favored by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities.
Amendment to certificate of incorporation and bylaws. The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding stock entitled to vote on amendments to a corporations certificate of incorporation or bylaws is required to approve such amendment, unless a corporations certificate of incorporation or bylaws, as the case may be, requires a greater percentage. Our amended and restated bylaws may be amended or repealed by a majority vote of our board of directors or, in addition to any other vote otherwise required by law, the approval by holders of at least 66 2⁄3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Additionally, the approval by holders of at least 66 2⁄3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, is required to amend or repeal or to adopt any provision inconsistent with the Classified Board of Directors, Action by Written Consent, Special Meetings of Stockholders, Amendments to Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Business Combinations provisions described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging the removal of any anti-takeover defenses provided for in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws.
No cumulative voting. The DGCL provides that stockholders are not entitled to the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless our certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our certificate of incorporation will expressly prohibit cumulative voting.
Corporate opportunity. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any business opportunity that may from time to time be presented to Roark or any of its officers, directors, agents, stockholders, members, partners, affiliates and subsidiaries (other than us and our subsidiaries) and that may be a business opportunity for Roark, even if the opportunity is one that we might reasonably have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted the opportunity to do so. No such person will be liable to us for breach of any fiduciary or other duty, as a director or officer or otherwise, by reason of the fact that such person, acting in good faith, pursues or acquires any such business opportunity, directs any such business opportunity to another person or fails to present any such business opportunity, or information regarding any such business opportunity, to us unless, in the case of any such person who is our director or officer, any such business opportunity is expressly offered to such director or officer solely in his or her capacity as our director or officer. None of Roark, any of the investment funds associated with Roark or any of their respective representatives has any duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as us or any of our subsidiaries.
Exclusive jurisdiction of certain actions. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law that derivative actions brought in the name of the company, actions against directors, officers and employees for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware. Although we believe this provision benefits the company by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.
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Business combinations. We have opted out of Section 203 of the DGCL. However, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains similar provisions providing that we may not engage in certain business combinations with any interested stockholder for a three-year period following the time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:
| prior to such time, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; |
| upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding certain shares; or |
| at or subsequent to that time, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and by the affirmative vote of holders of at least % of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder. |
Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Subject to certain exceptions, an interested stockholder is a person who, together with that persons affiliates and associates, owns, or within the previous three years owned, 15% or more of our voting stock.
Under certain circumstances, this provision will make it more difficult for a person who would be an interested stockholder to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period. This provision may encourage companies interested in acquiring our company to negotiate in advance with our board of directors because the stockholder approval requirement would be avoided if our board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder. These provisions also may have the effect of preventing changes in our board of directors and may make it more difficult to accomplish transactions which stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that RC II WS, any affiliated investment entity, and any of their respective direct or indirect transferees of at least % of our outstanding common stock and any group as to which such persons are party to, do not constitute interested stockholders for purposes of this provision.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
Our amended and restated bylaws will limit the liability of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and provides that we will indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by such law. We expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our current directors and executive officers prior to the completion of this offering and expect to enter into a similar agreement with any new directors or executive officers. We expect to increase our directors and officers liability insurance coverage prior to the completion of this offering.
Listing
We intend to apply to have our common stock listed on Nasdaq under the symbol WING.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, future sales of shares, or the availability of shares for future sales, will have on the market price of our common stock prevailing from time to time. The sale of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of our common stock.
Sale of Restricted Shares
Upon completion of this offering, we will have shares of common stock outstanding. Of these shares of common stock, the shares of common stock being sold in this offering, plus any shares sold upon exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares, will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act, except for any such shares which may be held or acquired by an affiliate of ours, as that term is defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, which shares will be subject to the volume limitations and other restrictions of Rule 144 described below. The remaining shares of common stock held by our existing stockholders upon completion of this offering will be restricted securities, as that term is defined in Rule 144, and may be resold only after registration under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from such registration, including, among others, the exemptions provided by Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act, which rules are summarized below; provided that, shares will continue to be subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in the shareholders agreements as described below. These remaining shares of common stock held by our existing stockholders upon completion of this offering will be available for sale in the public market only after the termination of the applicable shareholder agreement described in Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsShareholder Agreement and after the expiration of the lock-up agreements described in Underwriters, and then only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 under the Securities Act, as described below.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, persons who are not one of our affiliates and are not subject to a shareholder agreement at any time during the three months preceding a sale may sell shares of our common stock beneficially held upon the earlier of (i) the expiration of a six-month holding period, if we have been subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and have filed all required reports for at least 90 days prior to the date of the sale, or (ii) a one-year holding period.
At the expiration of the six-month holding period, a person who was not one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale and is not subject to a shareholder agreement would be entitled to sell an unlimited number of shares of our common stock provided current public information about us is available, and a person who was one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares of common stock that does not exceed the greater of either of the following:
| 1% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding, which will equal approximately shares immediately after this offering, based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of ; or |
| the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on Nasdaq during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale. |
At the expiration of the one-year holding period, a person who was not one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale would be entitled to sell an unlimited number of shares of our common stock without restriction. A person who was one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale would remain subject to the volume restrictions described above.
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Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates are also subject to manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.
Rule 701
In general and subject to the expiration of the lock-up restrictions and to the transfer restrictions contained in the shareholder agreements, under Rule 701, any of our employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors who purchased shares from us in connection with a qualified compensatory stock or option plan or other written agreement before the effective date of this offering, or who purchased shares from us after that date upon the exercise of options granted before that date, are eligible to resell such shares in reliance upon Rule 144 beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus. If such person is not an affiliate, the sale may be made under Rule 144 without compliance with the holding periods of Rule 144 and subject only to the manner-of-sale restrictions of Rule 144. If such a person is an affiliate, the sale may be made under Rule 144 without compliance with its one-year minimum holding period, but subject to the other Rule 144 restrictions.
Stock Plans
We intend to file one or more registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register shares of our common stock issued or reserved for issuance under our existing option plan and the new equity incentive plan we intend to adopt in connection with this offering. The first such registration statement is expected to be filed soon after the date of this prospectus and will automatically become effective upon filing with the SEC. Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statement will be available for sale in the open market following the effective date, unless such shares are subject to vesting restrictions with us, Rule 144 restrictions applicable to our affiliates or the lock-up restrictions described below.
Lock-Up Agreements
We, each of our officers and directors and the selling stockholders have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Jefferies LLC for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. For additional information, see Underwriters.
Registration Rights Agreement
Prior to the consummation of this offering, we will enter into a registration rights agreement with RC II WS. The terms of the registration rights agreement will include provisions for demand registration rights and piggyback registration rights in favor of RC II WS. Subject to the terms of the registration rights agreement, RC II WS will have the right to require that we register its shares under the Securities Act for sale to the public. Immediately following consummation of this offering, shares of our common stock will be entitled to these registration rights, assuming no exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares of common stock. Shares registered with the SEC pursuant to these registration rights will be eligible for sale in the public markets upon effectiveness of the registration statement covering those shares. However, the underwriting agreement and lock-up agreements prohibit us from a filing any registration statement for the resale of shares of common stock held by RC II WS for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior consent of the representatives. By exercising its registration rights and causing a large number of shares to be registered and sold in the public market, RC II WS could cause the price of the common stock to fall. In addition, any demand to include these shares in our registration statements could have a material adverse effect on our
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ability to raise needed capital. See Description of Capital StockRegistration Rights. In addition, following the offering, pursuant to one of our shareholder agreements, shares of our common stock will continue to be subject to piggyback registration rights that provide the stockholder the right to register its shares of our common stock if we register any of our common stock (either for our account or the account of a stockholder exercising demand registration rights), subject to limited exceptions.
Shareholder Agreements
We and our principal stockholder, RC II WS, have entered into shareholder agreements with each of the other stockholders of the company prior to our initial public offering, which set forth certain rights and restrictions with respect to the ownership of shares of our common stock, including limitations on transfer. The shareholder agreements with respect to shares of our common stock will not terminate in connection with our initial public offering, and we expect each such shareholder agreement to remain in place until such time as RC II WS, or its successor or assignee holds less than 50% of the shares of our common stock or otherwise terminates in accordance with its terms. As a result, each such shareholder agreement will continue to set forth certain rights and restrictions with respect to ownership by such pre-IPO stockholders. See Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsShareholder Agreements.
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS
Overview
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock to a non-U.S. holder that purchases shares of our common stock in this offering. For purposes of this summary, a non-U.S. holder means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is not a U.S. person or a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. person is any of the following:
| an individual citizen or resident of the United States; |
| a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or |
| a trust (1) whose administration is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (2) that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
In the case of a holder that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common stock, then you should consult your own tax advisor.
This summary is based upon the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to as the Code, the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as of the date hereof. Those authorities may be changed, perhaps retroactively, so as to result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those summarized below. We cannot assure you that a change in law, possibly with retroactive application, will not alter significantly the tax consequences described in this summary. We have not sought and do not plan to seek any ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, which we refer to as the IRS, with respect to the statements and conclusions set forth in the following summary, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will agree with such statements and conclusions.
This summary does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxes that may be relevant to non-U.S. holders in light of their personal circumstances, and does not address federal taxes other than the U.S. federal income tax, or address state, local or non-U.S. tax considerations. Special rules, not discussed here, may apply to certain non-U.S. holders, including (without limitation):
| U.S. expatriates or former citizens or long-term residents of the United States; |
| controlled foreign corporations; |
| passive foreign investment companies; and |
| pass-through entities (or investors in such entities) that are subject to special treatment under the Code. |
Such non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors to determine the U.S. federal, state, local and other tax consequences that may be relevant to them.
This summary applies only to a non-U.S. holder that holds our common stock as a capital asset (within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code).
If you are considering the purchase of our common stock, you should consult your own tax advisor concerning the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock, as well as the consequences to you arising under U.S. tax laws other than the federal income tax laws or under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.
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Dividends
As discussed under the section entitled Dividend Policy above, we do not currently anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. If we make a distribution of cash or property (other than certain distributions of our common stock) with respect to our common stock (or complete a redemption that is treated as a distribution with respect to our common stock), such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Dividends paid to you generally will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) of the gross amount of the dividends. However, dividends that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by you within the United States and, in cases in which certain tax treaties require, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by you, are not subject to the withholding tax, but instead are subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at applicable graduated individual or corporate rates. Certain certification and disclosure requirements including delivery of a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI must be satisfied for effectively connected income to be exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax. Any such effectively connected dividends received by a foreign corporation may also be subject to a branch profits tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules.
If the amount of a distribution paid on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will be allocated ratably among each share of common stock with respect to which the distribution is paid and treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of your adjusted tax basis in each such share, and thereafter as capital gain from a sale or other taxable disposition of such share of common stock that is taxed to you as described below under the heading Gain on disposition of common stock. Your adjusted tax basis in a share of our common stock is generally the purchase price of such share, reduced by the amount of any such tax-free returns of capital.
If you wish to claim the benefit of an applicable income tax treaty to avoid or reduce withholding of U.S. federal income tax on dividends, then you must (i) provide the withholding agent with a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable form) and certify under penalties of perjury that you are not a U.S. person and are eligible for treaty benefits, or (ii) if you hold our common stock through certain foreign intermediaries (including partnerships), satisfy the relevant certification requirements of applicable U.S. Treasury regulations by providing appropriate documentation to the intermediaries (which then will be required to provide certification to the applicable withholding agent, either directly or through other intermediaries).
If you are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. federal income tax pursuant to an income tax treaty, then you may obtain a refund or credit of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim with the IRS. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your entitlement to benefits under any applicable income tax treaty.
Gain on Disposition of Common Stock
You generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to gain realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock (other than a redemption that is treated as a distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes and taxed as described above), unless:
| the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business you conduct in the United States, and, in cases in which certain tax treaties require, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by you; |
| if you are an individual, you are present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale or other taxable disposition, and you have a tax home (as defined in the Code) in the United States; or |
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| we are or have been a United States real property holding corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time within the shorter of (i) the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock and (ii) your holding period for our common stock. |
If you are a non-U.S. holder described in the first bullet point above, you generally will be subject to tax on the net gain derived from the disposition under regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates. If you are a foreign corporation described in the first bullet point above, you may also be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% of your effectively connected earnings and profits or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. If you are an individual described in the second bullet point above, you will generally be subject to a flat 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) tax on the gain derived from the disposition, which may be offset by certain U.S. source capital losses (even though you are not considered a resident of the United States) but may not be offset by any capital loss carryovers.
With respect to the third bullet point above, we believe that we are not currently, and we do not anticipate becoming, a United States real property holding corporation. However, because the determination of whether we are a U.S. real property holding corporation depends on the fair market value of our United States real property interests relative to the fair market value of our global real property interests and other business assets, there can be no assurance that we are not a United States property holding corporation and will not become one in the future. In the event we do become a United States real property holding corporation, as long as our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, gain on a sale or disposition of our common stock will generally be subject to taxation pursuant to the third bullet point above only if you actually or constructively held more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the shorter of (i) the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or disposition of our common stock or (ii) your holding period for our common stock. If gain on the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock were subject to taxation under the third bullet point above, you would be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax with respect to such gain in generally the same manner as a U.S. person.
You should consult your tax advisor regarding potentially applicable income tax treaties that provide for different rules.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax
We must report annually to the IRS and to you the amount of dividends paid to you and the amount of tax, if any, withheld with respect to such dividends. The IRS may make this information available to the tax authorities in the country in which you are resident.
In addition, you may be subject to information reporting requirements and backup withholding (currently at a rate of 28%) with respect to dividends paid on, and the proceeds from the disposition of, shares of our common stock, unless, generally, you certify to the withholding agent under penalties of perjury (usually on IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E) that you are not a U.S. person or you otherwise establish an exemption.
Copies of information returns that are filed with the IRS may also be made available under the provisions of an applicable treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which you reside (or are established).
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished by you to the IRS.
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Additional Withholding Tax
Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code (commonly referred to as FATCA) generally will impose a 30% withholding tax on dividends paid on our common stock and, beginning after December 31, 2016, gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our common stock, in each case if the common stock is held by or through:
| certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), unless the institution otherwise qualifies for an exemption or enters into an agreement with the U.S. Treasury (i) to collect and report, on an annual basis, information with respect to accounts in the institution held by certain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons, and (ii) to withhold 30% on certain payments; or |
| a non-financial non-U.S. entity, unless the entity (i) either certifies to the applicable withholding agent or the IRS that the entity does not have any substantial United States owners or provides certain information regarding the entitys substantial United States owners or (ii) otherwise establishes an exemption from such withholding tax. |
The rules described above may be modified by an intergovernmental agreement entered into between the United States and an applicable foreign country, or by future Treasury regulations or other guidance. Non-U.S. holders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of these rules on their investment in our common stock.
POTENTIAL PURCHASERS OF OUR COMMON STOCK ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSIDERATIONS OF PURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF OUR COMMON STOCK.
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Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC and Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we and the selling stockholders have agreed to sell to them, severally, the number of shares indicated below:
Name |
Number of shares | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC |
||
Jefferies LLC |
||
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated |
||
| ||
Total: |
||
|
The underwriters and the representatives are collectively referred to as the underwriters and the representatives, respectively. The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters option to purchase additional shares described below.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of common stock directly to the public at the offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers. After the initial offering of the shares of common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives.
We and the selling stockholders have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to additional shares of common stock at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase about the same percentage of the additional shares of common stock as the number listed next to the underwriters name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares of common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table.
The following table shows the per share and total public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us and the selling stockholders. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters option to purchase up to an additional shares of common stock.
Total | ||||||||||||
Per share |
No exercise | Full exercise |
||||||||||
Public offering price |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by: |
||||||||||||
Us |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The selling stockholders |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to selling stockholders |
$ | $ | $ |
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The estimated offering expenses payable by us, exclusive of the underwriting discounts and commissions, are approximately $ . We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for expense relating to clearance of this offering with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority up to $ .
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of shares of common stock offered by them.
We intend to apply for listing of our common stock on Nasdaq under the trading symbol WING.
We and all directors and officers and the holders of all of our outstanding stock and stock options have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Jefferies LLC on behalf of the underwriters, we and they will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus (the restricted period):
| offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of common stock or any securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into common stock, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for, or convertible into, common stock (related securities); |
| enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the shares of common stock; or |
| with respect to us, file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock. |
whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. In addition, we and each such person agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Jefferies LLC on behalf of the underwriters, we or such other person will not, during the restricted period, make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock.
The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph to do not apply to:
| the sale of shares to the underwriters; |
| transactions relating to shares of common stock or related securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of the offering of the shares; |
| dispositions, transfer or distribution of shares of common stock or related securities to controlled affiliates, limited or general partners, members, stockholders or other of our equity holders; |
| transfers of shares as bona fide gifts or to a trust; |
| transfers by will or intestacy or by operation of law pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement; |
| transfers to us, as permitted or required under any benefit plans, any agreement pursuant to which such shares of common stock were issued or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws in connection with the repurchase or forfeiture of shares of common stock or related securities; |
| the exercise of options, stock appreciation rights or warrants; |
| transfers to us pursuant to a net exercise or cashless exercise; |
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| transfers, sales, tenders or other dispositions of common stock to a bona fide third party pursuant to a tender offer for our securities or any merger, consolidation or other business combination involving a transfer to a person or group of affiliated persons if, after such transfer, such person or group of affiliated persons would holder more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities that has been approved by our board of directors; or |
| the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer, sale or any other disposition of shares of common stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of common stock during the restricted period and (ii) no public announcement is made regarding the establishment of such plan is made; |
provided, that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to the third, fourth and fifth bullets above, it will be a condition of transfer or distribution, as the case may be, that each transferee and distribute shall enter into a written agreement accepting the restrictions set forth in the preceding paragraph as if it were a selling stockholder; provided, further, that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to the second, third, fourth and sixth bullets above, no filing under the Exchange Act or other public announcement shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer or distribution (other than a filing on a Form 5 made after the expiration of the restricted period). In the case of the seventh and eighth bullets above, any shares of common stock received upon such exercise, vesting, conversion, exchange or settlement shall be subject to all of the restrictions set forth in the lock-up agreements. Any filing or announcement by us or a holder relating to a transfer or distribution under the fifth, seventh, eighth and ninth bullets above shall briefly note the applicable circumstances that cause such clause to apply and explain that the filing or announcement relates solely to transfers or distributions falling within the category described in the relevant clause.
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Jefferies LLC, in its sole discretion, may release the common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time with or without notice.
In order to facilitate the offering of the common stock, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the number of shares available for purchase by the underwriters under the option. The underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising the option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of shares compared to the price available under the option. The underwriters may also sell shares in excess of the option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. As an additional means of facilitating this offering, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of common stock in the open market to stabilize the price of the common stock. These activities may raise or maintain the market price of the common stock above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the common stock. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.
We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares of common stock to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.
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The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging. financing and brokerage activities. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various financial advisory and investment banking services for us, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.
In addition, in the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers and may at any time hold long and short positions in such securities and instruments. Such investment and securities activities may involve our securities and instruments. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long or short positions in such securities and instruments.
Pricing of the Offering
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives. Among the factors considered in determining the initial public offering price were our future prospects and those of our industry in general, our sales, earnings and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the price-earnings ratios, price-sales ratios, market prices of securities, and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours.
Directed Share Program
At our request, the underwriters have reserved percent of the shares of common stock to be issued by us and offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to our directors, officers, employees, business associates and related persons. If purchased by these persons, these shares will be subject to a 180-day lock-up restriction. The number of shares of common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent these individuals purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares that are not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares offered by this prospectus.
Selling Restrictions
European Economic Area
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant Member State) an offer to the public of any shares of our common stock may not be made in that Relevant Member State, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any shares of our common stock may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:
(a) | to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive; |
(b) | to fewer than 100 or, if the Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150, natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or |
(c) | in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of shares of our common stock shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or any underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive. |
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For the purposes of this provision, the expression an offer to the public in relation to any shares of our common stock in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares of our common stock to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any shares of our common stock, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State), and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State, and the expression 2010 PD Amending Directive means Directive 2010/73/EU.
United Kingdom
Each underwriter has represented and agreed that:
(a) | it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the shares of our common stock in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and |
(b) | it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the shares of our common stock in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom. |
Australia
No placement document, prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document has been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), in relation to the offering. This prospectus does not constitute a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act 2001 (the Corporations Act), and does not purport to include the information required for a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act.
Any offer in Australia of the shares may only be made to persons (the Exempt Investors) who are sophisticated investors (within the meaning of section 708(8) of the Corporations Act), professional investors (within the meaning of section 708(11) of the Corporations Act) or otherwise pursuant to one or more exemptions contained in section 708 of the Corporations Act so that it is lawful to offer the shares without disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act.
The shares applied for by Exempt Investors in Australia must not be offered for sale in Australia in the period of 12 months after the date of allotment under the offering, except in circumstances where disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act would not be required pursuant to an exemption under section 708 of the Corporations Act or otherwise or where the offer is pursuant to a disclosure document which complies with Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act. Any person acquiring shares must observe such Australian on-sale restrictions.
This prospectus contains general information only and does not take account of the investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person. It does not contain any securities recommendations or financial product advice. Before making an investment decision, investors need to consider whether the information in this prospectus is appropriate to their needs, objectives and circumstances, and, if necessary, seek expert advice on those matters.
Dubai International Financial Centre
This prospectus relates to an Exempt Offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA). This prospectus is intended for distribution only to persons of a type
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specified in the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with Exempt Offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein and has no responsibility for the prospectus. The shares to which this prospectus relates may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of the shares offered should conduct their own due diligence on the shares. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus you should consult an authorized financial advisor.
Hong Kong
The shares have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to professional investors as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made under that Ordinance; or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a prospectus as defined in the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance. No advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares has been or may be issued or has been or may be in the possession of any person for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to the shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to professional investors as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made under that Ordinance.
Singapore
This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of our shares may not be circulated or distributed, nor may our shares be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore, or the SFA, (2) to a relevant person or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA, or (3) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA, in each case subject to compliance with conditions set forth in the SFA.
Where our shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 by a relevant person which is: (a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor as defined in Section 4A of the SFA) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or (b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor; shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares under Section 275 of the SFA, except: (1) to an institutional investor (for corporations under Section 274 of the SFA) or to a relevant person defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA, or to any person pursuant to an offer that is made on terms that such shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or such rights and interest in that trust are acquired at a consideration of not less than $200,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) for each transaction, whether such amount is to be paid for in cash or by exchange of securities or other assets, and further for corporations, in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA; (2) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer; or (3) where the transfer is by operation of law.
Switzerland
The shares may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (SIX) or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document has been
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prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares or the offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.
Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, the company, the shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of shares will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA (FINMA), and the offer of shares has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes (CISA). The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of shares.
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King & Spalding LLP, Atlanta, Georgia, will pass upon the validity of the common stock offered hereby on our behalf. King & Spalding LLP represents entities affiliated with Roark in connection with certain legal matters. The underwriters are represented by Latham & Watkins LLP, New York, New York.
The consolidated financial statements of Wing Stop Holding Corporation at December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013 and for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 27, 2014 appearing in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
CHANGE IN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT
On August 15, 2014, our board of directors determined to dismiss McGladrey LLP and retain Ernst & Young LLP as our independent public accounting firm.
The reports of McGladrey LLP on our consolidated financial statements for each of the two fiscal years prior to its dismissal did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor were such reports qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. We had no disagreements with McGladrey LLP on any matter of accounting principles or practices, consolidated financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to its satisfaction, would have caused McGladrey LLP to make reference in connection with its opinion to the subject matter of the disagreement during its audits for each of the two fiscal years prior to its dismissal or the subsequent interim period through August 15, 2014. During the two most recent fiscal years preceding McGladrey LLPs dismissal, and the subsequent interim period through August 15, 2015, there were no reportable events as such term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
During the two years ended December 28, 2013 and the subsequent interim period through August 15, 2014, neither we, nor anyone acting on our behalf, consulted with Ernst & Young LLP on matters that involved the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our consolidated financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to us by Ernst & Young LLP that Ernst & Young LLP concluded was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue or any other matter that was the subject of a disagreement as that term is used in Item 304 (a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions to Item 304 of Regulation S-K or a reportable event as that term is used in Item 304(a)(1)(v) and the related instructions to Item 304 of Regulation S-K.
We have provided McGladrey LLP with a copy of the foregoing disclosure and have requested that McGladrey LLP furnish us with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether or not McGladrey LLP agrees with the above statements and, if not, stating the respects in which it does not agree. A copy of the letter from McGladrey LLP is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1, including exhibits and schedules, under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of our common stock offered hereby. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration
136
statement or the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. For further information with respect to us and the common stock offered hereby, reference is made to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete, and each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.
Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the information and periodic and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith, will file periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, will be available to you for free on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. To receive copies of public records not posted to the SECs web site at prescribed rates, you may complete an online form at http://www.sec.gov, send a fax to (202) 772-9337 or submit a written request to the SEC, Office of FOIA/PA Operations, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information.
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F-2 | ||||
Consolidated Balance SheetsAs of December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013 |
F-3 | |||
F-4 | ||||
F-5 | ||||
F-6 | ||||
F-7 |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Wing Stop Holding Corporation and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Wing Stop Holding Corporation and Subsidiaries as of December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 27, 2014. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Wing Stop Holding Corporation and Subsidiaries at December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 27, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 27, 2015
F-2
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(amounts in thousands, except share and par value data)
Year ended | ||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
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Assets |
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Current assets |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 9,723 | $ | 3,173 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net |
2,380 | 1,764 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
2,848 | 1,386 | ||||||
Advertising fund assets, restricted |
3,170 | 2,227 | ||||||
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Total current assets |
18,121 | 8,550 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
3,622 | 4,299 | ||||||
Goodwill |
45,128 | 45,570 | ||||||
Trademarks |
32,700 | 32,700 | ||||||
Customer relationships, net |
19,668 | 21,052 | ||||||
Other non-current assets |
997 | 1,280 | ||||||
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Total assets |
$ | 120,236 | $ | 113,451 | ||||
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Liabilities and stockholders equity (deficit) |
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Current liabilities |
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Accounts payable |
$ | 1,502 | $ | 1,005 | ||||
Other current liabilities |
6,895 | 4,782 | ||||||
Current portion of debt |
4,869 | 3,844 | ||||||
Advertising fund liabilities, restricted |
3,170 | 2,227 | ||||||
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Total current liabilities |
16,436 | 11,858 | ||||||
Long-term debt, net of current |
88,852 | 98,656 | ||||||
Deferred revenue, net of current |
7,159 | 5,688 | ||||||
Deferred income tax liabilities, net |
15,250 | 16,205 | ||||||
Other non-current liabilities |
1,533 | 1,306 | ||||||
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Total liabilities |
129,230 | 133,713 | ||||||
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Commitments and contingencies (see note 12) |
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Stockholders equity (deficit) |
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Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 47,893,129 and 46,985,875 shares issued and outstanding as of December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013, respectively |
479 | 470 | ||||||
Additional paid-in-capital |
2,309 | 36 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(11,782 | ) | (20,768 | ) | ||||
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Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(8,994 | ) | (20,262 | ) | ||||
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity (deficit) |
$ | 120,236 | $ | 113,451 | ||||
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
F-3
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
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Revenue |
||||||||||||
Royalty revenue and franchise fees |
$ | 38,032 | $ | 30,202 | $ | 25,057 | ||||||
Company-owned restaurant sales |
29,417 | 28,797 | 26,534 | |||||||||
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Total revenue |
67,449 | 58,999 | 51,591 | |||||||||
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Costs and expenses |
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Cost of sales (*) |
20,473 | 22,176 | 21,262 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
26,006 | 18,913 | 15,896 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,904 | 3,030 | 2,930 | |||||||||
Earn-out obligation |
| | 2,500 | |||||||||
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Total costs and expenses |
49,383 | 44,119 | 42,588 | |||||||||
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Operating income |
18,066 | 14,880 | 9,003 | |||||||||
Interest expense, net |
3,684 | 2,863 | 2,431 | |||||||||
Other (income) expense, net |
84 | (6 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||
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Income before income tax expense |
14,298 | 12,023 | 6,580 | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
5,312 | 4,493 | 3,000 | |||||||||
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Net income |
$ | 8,986 | $ | 7,530 | $ | 3,580 | ||||||
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Earnings per share |
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Basic |
$ | 0.19 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.19 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding |
||||||||||||
Basic |
47,423 | 46,179 | 45,405 | |||||||||
Diluted |
48,002 | 47,015 | 46,236 |
(*) | exclusive of depreciation and amortization, shown separately |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity (Deficit)
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
Common Stock |
Additional Paid- In Capital |
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) |
Total Stockholders Equity (Deficit) |
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Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 |
45,317,098 | $ | 453 | $ | 23,156 | $ | | $ | 23,609 | |||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 3,580 | 3,580 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
589,115 | 6 | 271 | | 277 | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| | 464 | | 464 | |||||||||||||||
Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation |
| | 254 | | 254 | |||||||||||||||
Dividends paid |
| | (15,810 | ) | (3,471 | ) | (19,281 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Balance at December 29, 2012 |
45,906,213 | 459 | 8,335 | 109 | 8,903 | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 7,530 | 7,530 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
1,079,662 | 11 | 499 | | 510 | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| | 748 | | 748 | |||||||||||||||
Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation |
| | 575 | | 575 | |||||||||||||||
Dividends paid |
| | (10,121 | ) | (28,407 | ) | (38,528 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Balance at December 28, 2013 |
46,985,875 | 470 | 36 | (20,768 | ) | (20,262 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 8,986 | 8,986 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
907,254 | 9 | 564 | | 573 | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| | 960 | | 960 | |||||||||||||||
Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation |
| | 749 | | 749 | |||||||||||||||
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Balance at December 27, 2014 |
47,893,129 | $ | 479 | $ | 2,309 | $ | (11,782 | ) | $ | (8,994 | ) | |||||||||
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Operating activities |
||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 8,986 | $ | 7,530 | $ | 3,580 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,904 | 3,030 | 2,930 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation |
(749 | ) | (575 | ) | (254 | ) | ||||||
Change in earn-out contingent consideration |
| | 2,500 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(1,530 | ) | (917 | ) | (1,119 | ) | ||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
960 | 748 | 464 | |||||||||
(Gain)/Loss on disposal of property and equipment |
(95 | ) | 4 | (20 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs |
185 | 245 | 170 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable |
(616 | ) | (152 | ) | 303 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
(806 | ) | 65 | 598 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and current liabilities |
2,681 | 1,483 | (126 | ) | ||||||||
Other current liabilities attributable to earn-out |
| (2,500 | ) | | ||||||||
Deferred revenue |
2,128 | 1,243 | 1,446 | |||||||||
Other long-term liabilities attributable to deferred rent and lease incentives |
322 | 702 | (51 | ) | ||||||||
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Cash provided by operating activities |
14,370 | 10,906 | 10,421 | |||||||||
Investing activities |
||||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(1,510 | ) | (2,146 | ) | (1,617 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales of assets |
1,147 | 2 | 170 | |||||||||
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Cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
(363 | ) | (2,144 | ) | (1,447 | ) | ||||||
Financing activities |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
573 | 510 | 277 | |||||||||
Borrowings of long term debt |
| 33,200 | 14,250 | |||||||||
Principal payments on long-term debt |
(8,779 | ) | (2,700 | ) | (2,250 | ) | ||||||
Payment of deferred financing costs |
| (399 | ) | (152 | ) | |||||||
Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation |
749 | 575 | 254 | |||||||||
Earn-out payment from 2010 acquisition |
| (2,500 | ) | | ||||||||
Dividends paid |
| (38,528 | ) | (19,281 | ) | |||||||
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Cash used in financing activities |
(7,457 | ) | (9,842 | ) | (6,902 | ) | ||||||
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Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
6,550 | (1,080 | ) | 2,072 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
3,173 | 4,253 | 2,181 | |||||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 9,723 | $ | 3,173 | $ | 4,253 | ||||||
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Supplemental information: |
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Cash paid for interest |
$ | 3,406 | $ | 2,476 | $ | 1,686 | ||||||
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Cash paid for taxes |
$ | 6,158 | $ | 4,658 | $ | 4,495 | ||||||
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(1) | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Overview
Wing Stop Holding Corporation (WSHC or the Company) was formed on March 16, 2010 to purchase 100% of the equity interests of Wingstop Holdings, Inc. (WHI). WHI owns 100% of the common stock of Wingstop Restaurants Inc. (WRI). WSHC, through its primary operating subsidiary, WRI, collectively referred to as the Company, is in the business of franchising and operating Wingstop restaurants. As of December 27, 2014, 652 franchised restaurants were in operation domestically. As of December 27, 2014, 41 international franchised restaurants were in operation across five countries. As of December 27, 2014, WRI owned and operated 19 restaurants.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) | Principles of Consolidation |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Wing Stop Holding Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
(b) | Fiscal Year End |
The Company uses a 52/53-week fiscal year that ends on the last Saturday of the calendar year. Fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 each consisted of 52 weeks.
(c) | Use of Estimates |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions, primarily related to long-lived asset valuation, indefinite and finite lived intangible asset valuation, income taxes, leases, stock-based compensation, contingencies and common stock equity valuations. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates.
(d) | Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income is the same as net income for all periods presented. Therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive income (loss) is not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
(e) | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of credit card receivables and all highly liquid investments with an initial maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits; however, the Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk.
F-7
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(f) | Derivatives |
The Company has entered into derivative financial instruments, specifically interest rate cap agreements, to minimize the variability of our cash flows related to a portion of our floating rate indebtedness. The Company has not applied hedge accounting to these derivative instruments. The derivative financial instruments are recorded at estimated fair value at each balance sheet date and included in other non-current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets; and the gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap derivatives are recognized in current earnings as a component of Other (income) expense, net, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(g) | Accounts Receivable |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, consists primarily of accrued royalty fee receivables, collected weekly in arrears, and vendor rebates. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical losses and current economic conditions. On a continuing basis, management analyzes delinquent receivables, which are charged off against the existing allowance account when determined to be uncollectible.
(h) | Inventories |
Inventories, which consist of food and beverage products, paper goods and supplies, are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market.
(i) | Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment is depreciated based on the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Property and Equipment | Estimated Useful Lives | |
Leasehold improvements |
Lesser of the expected lease term or useful life | |
Equipment, furniture and fixtures |
3 to 7 years |
At the time property and equipment are retired, the asset and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in earnings. The Company expenses repair and maintenance costs that maintain the appearance and functionality of the restaurant but do not extend the useful life of any restaurant asset. Improvements to leased properties are depreciated over the shorter of their useful life or the lease term, which includes fixed, non-cancellable lease term plus any reasonably assured renewal periods.
(j) | Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets |
Property and equipment and finite-life intangible assets are reviewed for impairment periodically and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Companys assessment of recoverability of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets is performed at the component level, which is generally an individual restaurant and requires judgment and estimate of future restaurant generated cash flows. The Companys estimates of fair values are based on the best information available and require the use of estimates, judgments, and projections. The actual results may vary significantly from the estimates.
F-8
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(k) | Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets |
The Companys indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of goodwill and trademarks, which are not subject to amortization. On an annual basis (October 1st of the fiscal year) and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, the Company reviews the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.
The impairment test for goodwill involves comparing the fair value of the reporting units to their carrying amounts. We estimate fair value based on a combination of a guideline public companies market approach and discounted cash flow techniques using a risk adjusted discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a second step is required to measure a goodwill impairment loss, if any. This step requires an estimation of fair value of all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit and then compares the implied fair value of the reporting units goodwill to the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting units goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. No indications of impairment were identified during fiscal years 2014, 2013 or 2012.
The impairment test for trademarks involves comparing fair value of the trade name, as determined through a discounted cash flow approach, to its carrying value.
Impairment indicators that may necessitate goodwill impairment testing in between the Companys annual impairment tests include, but are not limited to, the following:
| A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; |
| An adverse action or assessment by a regulator; |
| Unanticipated competition; |
| A loss of key personnel; |
| A more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of; and |
| The testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. |
Impairment indicators that may necessitate indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing in between the Companys annual impairment tests are consistent with those of its long-lived assets.
Sales declines at Wingstop restaurants, commodity or labor costs, deterioration in overall economic conditions and challenges in the restaurant industry may result in future impairment charges. It is possible that changes in circumstances or changes in managements judgments, assumptions and estimates could result in an impairment charge of a portion or all of its goodwill or other intangible assets.
(l) | Revenue Recognition |
Revenue consists of sales from franchise and development fees, international territory fees, franchise royalties and company-owned stores. Franchise fees are recognized as revenue when all material services or conditions relating to the store have been substantially performed or satisfied by WRI, which is typically when a franchised store begins operations. Development fees for the right to develop a store are recognized as revenue when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed, which is typically when the franchised store begins operations. International territory fees and development fees determined based on the
F-9
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
number of stores to open in an area are deferred and recognized as revenue on a pro rata basis at the same time the individual franchise fee is recognized, typically when individual stores are opened. Franchise fee, development fee and international territory fee payments received by WRI before the restaurant opens are recorded as deferred revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Continuing royalties, which are a percentage of net sales of the franchisee, are recognized as revenue when earned. The Company records food and beverage revenue from company-owned stores upon sale to the customer. The Company collects and remits sales, food and beverage, alcoholic beverage and hospitality taxes on transactions with customers and reports such amounts under the net method in its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accordingly, these taxes are not included in gross revenue.
(m) | Consideration from Vendors |
The Company has entered into food and beverage supply agreements with certain major vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these arrangements, rebates are provided to the Company from the vendors based upon the dollar volume of purchases for company-operated restaurants and franchised restaurants. Additionally, the Company receives certain incentives from vendors to sponsor its annual franchisee convention. These incentives are recognized as earned throughout the year and are classified as a reduction in cost of sales with any consideration received in excess of the total expense of the vendors products included within Royalty revenue and franchise fees within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The incentives recognized were approximately $4.7 million, $3.4 million and $2.8 million, during fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(n) | Advertising Expenses |
WRI administers the Wingstop Restaurants Advertising Fund, for which WRI collects a percentage, generally 2%, of gross sales from Wingstop restaurant franchisees and WRI-owned restaurants, to be used for various forms of advertising for the Wingstop brand. In some international markets, franchisees manage their own advertising expenditures, which are not included in the advertising fund.
WRI administers and directs the development of all advertising and promotion programs in the advertising fund for which it collects advertising contributions, in accordance with the provisions of its franchise agreements. WRI has a contractual obligation with regard to these advertising contributions. The Company consolidates and reports all assets and liabilities of the advertising fund as restricted assets of the advertising fund and restricted liabilities of the advertising fund within current assets and current liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The assets and liabilities of the advertising fund consist primarily of cash, receivables, accrued expenses, other liabilities, and any cumulative surplus related specifically to the advertising fund. The revenue, expenses and cash flows of the advertising fund are not included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows because the Company does not have complete discretion over the usage of the funds. Rather, under the franchise agreements, contributions to the advertising fund are restricted to advertising, public relations, merchandising, similar activities, and administrative expenses to increase sales and further enhance the public reputation of the Wingstop brand. The aforementioned administrative expenses may also include personnel expenses and allocated costs incurred by the Company which are directly associated with administering the advertising fund, as outlined in the provisions of the franchise agreements.
WRI made discretionary contributions to the advertising fund for the purpose of supplementing national and regional advertising in certain markets of $1.5 million, $1.4 million, and $1.3 million for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively, which are included in SG&A expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, WRI made net contributions to the
F-10
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
advertising fund based on its sales as owner and operator of WRI owned restaurants of approximately $588,000, $575,000, and $531,000 for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively, which are included in Costs of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In addition to the contributions to the ad fund, the Company incurred advertising costs, which are expensed as incurred, were $1.6 million, $1.5 million and $1.3 million in fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(o) | Leases |
WRI leases restaurants and office space under operating leases. Most lease agreements contain tenant improvement allowances, rent holidays, rent escalation clauses, and/or contingent rent provisions. For purposes of recognizing incentives and minimum rental payments on the straight-line basis over the terms of the leases, WRI uses the date it takes possession of the leased space for construction purposes as the beginning of the term, which is generally two to three months prior to a restaurants opening date. For leases with renewal periods at WRIs option, WRI determines the expected lease period based on whether the renewal of any options are reasonably assured at the inception of the lease. In addition to rental expense, certain leases require WRI to pay a portion of real estate taxes, utilities, building operating expenses, insurance and other charges in addition to rent.
For tenant improvement allowances, rent escalations, and rent holidays, WRI records a deferred rent liability in its Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortizes the deferred rent in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the terms of the leases as charges to cost of sales and SG&A for company-owned stores and the corporate office, respectively.
(p) | Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at fair value on the date of grant for all share-based awards and recognizes compensation expense over the service period that the awards are expected to vest. The Company has elected to recognize compensation cost for graded-vesting awards subject only to a service condition over the requisite service period of the entire award. For performance awards, the Company recognizes expense in the period in which vesting becomes probable.
(q) | Income Taxes |
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, a deferred tax asset or liability is recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities as well as tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period of the change. The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return including all of its subsidiaries.
Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Companys uncertain tax positions and determining the Companys income tax expense. The Company assesses the income tax position and records the liabilities for all years subject to examination based upon managements evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date.
(r) | Net Income Per Share |
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the
F-11
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. For the calculation of diluted net income per share, the basic weighted average number of shares is increased by the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted share awards, determined using the treasury stock method. We had approximately 151,000, 104,000 and 114,000 stock options outstanding at December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013, and December 29 2012, respectively, that were not included in the dilutive earnings per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
Basic weighted average shares outstanding is reconciled to diluted weighted average shares outstanding as follows (in thousands):
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |
47,423 | 46,179 | 45,405 | |||||||||
Dilutive stock options |
579 | 836 | 831 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |
48,002 | 47,015 | 46,236 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(s) | Business Segments |
The Company identifies its reporting segments based on the organizational units used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. These reporting segments are as follows: franchise operations and company restaurant operations.
Franchise segment
The Franchise segment consists of our domestic and international franchise restaurants, which represent the majority of our system-wide restaurants. As of December 27, 2014, the franchise operations segment consisted of 693 restaurants operated by Wingstop franchisees in the United States and five countries outside of the United States. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenue, sales of franchise and development fees and international territory fees. Additionally, vendor rebates received for system-wide volume purchases in excess of the total expense of the vendors products are recognized as revenue of franchise operations.
Company segment
The Company segment consists of our company-owned restaurants, which are located only in the United States. As of December 27, 2014, the company segment consisted of 19 Wingstop company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant sales are for food and beverage sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, beverage, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other operating costs.
Certain corporate related items are not allocated to the reportable segments and consist primarily of expenses associated with the Companys initial public offering and management fees. The Company allocates selling general and administrative expenses based on the relative support provided to each reportable segment.
(t) | Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No 2014-08. The amendments in ASU 2014-08 change the criteria for reporting discontinued
F-12
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
operations while enhancing disclosures in this area. It also addresses sources of confusion and inconsistent application related to financial reporting of discontinued operations guidance in U.S. GAAP. Under the new guidance, only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations should be presented as discontinued operations. Those strategic shifts should have a major effect on the organizations operations and financial results. Examples include a disposal of a major geographic area, a major line of business, or a major equity method investment. In addition, the new guidance requires expanded disclosures about discontinued operations that will provide financial statement users with more information about the assets, liabilities, income, and expenses of discontinued operations. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, after December 31, 2015.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This update provides a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. This update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, which will require us to adopt these provisions in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early application is not permitted. This update permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and have not yet selected a transition method.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No 2014-15. The amendments in ASU 2014-15 are intended to define managements responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organizations ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Under GAAP, financial statements are prepared under the presumption that the reporting organization will continue to operate as a going concern, except in limited circumstances. The going concern basis of accounting is critical to financial reporting because it establishes the fundamental basis for measuring and classifying assets and liabilities. Currently, GAAP lacks guidance about managements responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the organizations ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. This ASU provides guidance to an organizations management, with principles and definitions that are intended to reduce diversity in the timing and content of disclosures that are commonly provided by organizations today in the financial statement footnotes. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, after December 31, 2016. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Companys financial statements.
(2) | Fair Value Measurements |
Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. Assets and liabilities are classified using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2 Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs corroborated by market data.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs reflecting managements estimates and assumptions.
F-13
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table shows the Companys financial assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis in our Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
Fair Value Hierarchy |
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
||||||||||
Other non-current assets: |
||||||||||||
Interest rate caps |
Level 2 | $ | 38 | $ | |
The fair value of the interest rate caps are estimated using industry standard valuation models and market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves. In addition, the fair value of the interest rate caps includes consideration of the counterpartys non-performance risk.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Fair value of our debt is determined on a non-recurring basis, which results are summarized as follows (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 | December 28, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Hierarchy |
Carrying Value |
Fair Value | Carrying Value |
Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||
Total debt obligations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (1) |
Level 3 | $ | 93,721 | $ | 94,443 | $ | 102,500 | $ | 102,500 |
(1) | The fair value of long-term debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow method based on a discount rate, reflecting the applicable credit spread. |
The Company estimated the fair value of debt using prevailing market rates for debt of similar remaining maturities and credit risk for our revolving and term loan facilities.
In connection with purchase accounting, the Company made estimates of the fair value of its long-lived and intangible assets based upon assumptions related to the future cash flows, discount rates and asset lives utilizing currently available information, and in some cases, valuation results from independent valuation specialists (Level 3 determination of fair value). The Company also measures certain non-financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis, primarily long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill, in connection with our periodic evaluations of such assets for potential impairment.
(3) | Divestures |
In February 2014, WRI sold five restaurants to an existing franchisee, which had a carrying value of $1.0 million, comprised of $610,000 in net assets and $442,000 in allocated goodwill, for proceeds of $1.1 million, resulting in a gain on disposal of approximately $100,000. In October 2012, WRI sold a restaurant to an existing franchisee, which had a carrying value of $150,000, comprised of $25,000 in net assets and $125,000 in allocated goodwill, for proceeds of $170,000, resulting in a gain on disposal of approximately $20,000. Upon disposal of the assets, any gain or loss is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in selling, general and administrative.
F-14
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(4) | Accounts Receivable, net |
Accounts receivables, net, consist of the following (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
|||||||
Vendor rebates receivable |
$ | 1,519 | $ | 1,013 | ||||
Royalties receivable |
649 | 566 | ||||||
Other receivables |
245 | 228 | ||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(33 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Accounts receivable, net |
$ | 2,380 | $ | 1,764 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(5) | Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
|||||||
Equipment, furniture and fixtures |
$ | 5,764 | $ | 5,748 | ||||
Leasehold improvements |
5,117 | 6,247 | ||||||
Construction in progress |
70 | 23 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Property and equipment, gross |
10,951 | 12,018 | ||||||
Less: accumulated deprecation |
(7,329 | ) | (7,719 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Property and equipment, net |
$ | 3,622 | $ | 4,299 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expense was $1.5 million, $1.6 million and $1.4 million for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively.
(6) | Intangible Assets and Goodwill |
The Companys goodwill and other intangible assets arose from WSHCs acquisition of the equity interests of WHI in April 2010. Goodwill has been allocated to two reporting units, company-owned restaurants and franchised restaurants and represents the excess of purchase consideration transferred for the respective reporting unit over the fair value of the business at the time of the acquisition. See Note 16 for the allocation of goodwill among the two reporting units.
The following is a summary of goodwill balances and activity (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
|||||||
Balance, beginning of period |
$ | 45,570 | $ | 45,570 | ||||
Divesture of restaurants |
(442 | ) | | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Balance, end of period |
$ | 45,128 | $ | 45,570 | ||||
|
|
|
|
F-15
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Intangible assets, excluding goodwill, consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years) |
||||||||||
Intangible assets: |
||||||||||||
Trademarks |
$ | 32,700 | $ | 32,700 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Indefinite-lived assets |
32,700 | 32,700 | ||||||||||
Customer relationships |
26,300 | 26,300 | 20.0 | |||||||||
Proprietary software (1) |
115 | 115 | 5.0 | |||||||||
Noncompete agreements (1) |
250 | 250 | 2.8 | |||||||||
Less: accumulated amortization |
(6,990 | ) | (5,583 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Definite-lived assets |
19,675 | 21,082 | 19.8 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Intangible assets, net |
$ | 52,375 | $ | 53,782 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Included within Other non-current assets net of associated accumulated amortization within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
Amortization expense for definite-lived intangibles was $1.4 million for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013 and $1.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2012. Estimated amortization expense, principally related to customer relationships, for the five succeeding years and the aggregate thereafter is (in thousands):
Fiscal year 2015 |
$ | 1,378 | ||
Fiscal year 2016 |
1,359 | |||
Fiscal year 2017 |
1,347 | |||
Fiscal year 2018 |
1,335 | |||
Fiscal year 2019 |
1,322 | |||
Thereafter |
12,934 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 19,675 | ||
|
|
(7) | Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets and Other Current Liabilities |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
|||||||
Prepaid expenses |
$ | 1,170 | $ | 360 | ||||
Deferred income tax asset |
1,408 | 833 | ||||||
Inventories |
176 | 193 | ||||||
Other |
94 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 2,848 | $ | 1,386 | ||||
|
|
|
|
F-16
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
|||||||
Accrued payroll and bonuses |
$ | 1,814 | $ | 1,395 | ||||
Current portion of deferred revenue |
1,759 | 1,102 | ||||||
Accrued legal and other professional fees |
1,655 | 120 | ||||||
Accrued interest |
749 | 741 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
918 | 1,424 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 6,895 | $ | 4,782 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(8) | Derivative Financial Instruments |
At December 27, 2014, the Company had outstanding floating rate debt obligations of $93.7 million. In March 2012, the Company entered into interest rate cap agreements for an aggregate notional amount of $25.5 million to minimize the variability of its cash flows related to a portion of its floating rate indebtedness. The interest rate cap agreement caps LIBOR at 1.5% from March 2012 through December 2014 with respect to the $25.5 million notional amount of such agreements. In March 2014, the Company entered into an additional interest rate cap agreement for an additional notional amount of $24.4 million to minimize the variability of its cash flows related to a portion of its floating rate indebtedness. The interest rate cap agreement caps LIBOR at 2.50% from March 2014 through December 2016 with respect to the $24.4 million notional amount of such agreements. On December 31, 2014 the notional amount is scheduled to increase by $24.3 million.
Gains and losses realized due to the expiration of applicable portions of the interest rate caps are reclassified to Other (income) expense at the time quarterly interest payments are made.
(9) | Earn-out Liability |
In accordance with the terms of the acquisition agreement related to WSHCs acquisition of the equity interests of Wingstop Holdings, Inc. on April 9, 2010, an earn-out payment, with a minimum payout of $0 and maximum payout of $5.0 million, which was contingent upon specific revenue benchmarks, was recorded at an acquisition date fair value of $2.5 million on the Companys balance sheet. During the year ended December 29, 2012, the Company achieved the benchmarks specified in the acquisition agreement to trigger a required earn-out payment of $5.0 million. Accordingly, an additional liability and expense was included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively, at December 29, 2012 and for the fiscal year then ended. During fiscal year 2013, the Company made the full $5.0 million payment due under the terms of the earn-out, and there are no further obligations related to the earn-out remaining under the acquisition agreement.
F-17
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(10) | Income Taxes |
Income tax expense for the fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 consists of the following (in thousands):
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Current expense |
||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | 6,068 | $ | 4,936 | $ | 3,745 | ||||||
State |
606 | 424 | 337 | |||||||||
Foreign |
168 | 50 | 37 | |||||||||
Deferred expense (benefit) |
||||||||||||
Federal |
(1,430 | ) | (860 | ) | (1,051 | ) | ||||||
State |
(100 | ) | (57 | ) | (68 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
$ | 5,312 | $ | 4,493 | $ | 3,000 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
A reconciliation of income tax at the United States federal statutory tax rate (using a statutory tax rate of 34% and 35% as appropriate) to income tax expense for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 in dollars is as follows (in thousands):
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Expected income tax expense at statutory rate |
$ | 4,943 | $ | 4,088 | $ | 2,237 | ||||||
Permanent differences |
53 | 55 | 635 | |||||||||
State tax expense, net of federal benefit |
15 | (62 | ) | (35 | ) | |||||||
Foreign tax expense |
168 | 50 | 37 | |||||||||
Foreign tax credits |
(168 | ) | (50 | ) | (37 | ) | ||||||
Increase in unrecognized tax benefit |
28 | 33 | 28 | |||||||||
Valuation allowance |
306 | 299 | 198 | |||||||||
Other |
(33 | ) | 80 | (63 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income tax expense |
$ | 5,312 | $ | 4,493 | $ | 3,000 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-18
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
|||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Inventories |
$ | 9 | $ | 9 | ||||
Deferred revenue |
3,252 | 2,476 | ||||||
Accounts receivable |
40 | 48 | ||||||
Gift card liability |
30 | 21 | ||||||
Property and equipment |
241 | 295 | ||||||
Equity compensation |
703 | 583 | ||||||
Deferred rent |
277 | 155 | ||||||
Advertising fund |
499 | 198 | ||||||
Employee benefits |
46 | 44 | ||||||
Intangible assets |
781 | 984 | ||||||
Other |
51 | 60 | ||||||
NOL/credits |
734 | 443 | ||||||
Valuation allowance |
(799 | ) | (493 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
5,864 | 4,823 | |||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Intangible assets |
(19,706 | ) | (20,195 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | (13,842 | ) | $ | (15,372 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
The current and non-current components of net deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (in thousands):
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
|||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Current |
$ | 1,408 | $ | 833 | ||||
Non-current |
4,456 | 3,990 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax asset |
5,864 | 4,823 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Current |
| | ||||||
Non-current |
(19,706 | ) | (20,195 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax liability |
(19,706 | ) | (20,195 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) |
$ | (13,842 | ) | $ | (15,372 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
The Company had a state net operating loss carry-forward of $23.3 million and $13.8 million at December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013, respectively. The state net operating loss carry forwards begin to expire in 2030.
As of December 27, 2014, the Company had a valuation allowance of $0.8 million against its deferred tax assets. In assessing whether a deferred tax asset will be realized, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers the reversal of
F-19
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, we believe it is more likely than not we will realize a portion of the benefits of the federal and state deductible differences with the exception of $65,000 and $734,000, respectively.
We have not recognized a deferred tax asset for excess tax benefits of $4.5 million that arose directly from tax deductions related to equity compensation greater than amounts recognized for financial reporting. These excess stock compensation benefits will be credited to additional paid-in capital if realized. We use the with-and-without method for purposes of determining when excess tax benefits have been realized. In fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, we recognized excess stock compensation benefits of $749,000, $575,000 and $254,000, respectively, which was recorded as additional paid-in capital and offset a portion of our current tax liability.
The Company files income tax returns, which are periodically audited by various federal and state jurisdictions. The Company was not subject to federal or state tax examinations prior to 2009. In fiscal 2013 the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) commenced an examination of the Companys U.S. income tax returns for fiscal 2010 and 2011, As of December 27, 2014, the audit has been closed and the examination resulted in changes for which the Company has settled.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2011 |
$ | 613 | ||
Additions for tax positions of prior years |
| |||
Expiration of statute of limitations |
(580 | ) | ||
Additions for tax positions of current year |
28 | |||
Subtractions for tax positions of current year |
| |||
|
|
|||
Balance as of December 29, 2012 |
61 | |||
Additions for tax positions of prior years |
| |||
Subtractions for tax positions of prior years |
| |||
Additions for tax positions of current year |
33 | |||
Subtractions for tax positions of current year |
| |||
|
|
|||
Balance as of December 28, 2013 |
94 | |||
Additions for tax positions of prior years |
| |||
Subtractions for tax positions of prior years |
| |||
Additions for tax positions of current year |
35 | |||
Subtractions for tax positions of current year |
| |||
|
|
|||
Balance as of December 27, 2014 |
$ | 129 | ||
|
|
The Company currently anticipates that none of the $129,000 of unrecognized tax benefits will be recognized as of December 27, 2014.
As of December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013, the accrued interest and penalties on the unrecognized tax benefits were $43,000 and $35,000, respectively, excluding any related income tax benefits. The Company recorded accrued interest related to the unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
F-20
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(11) | Debt Obligations |
In December 2012, the Company entered into an amendment to its senior secured credit facility, bringing the total facility to $77.0 million. In connection with the amended facility, the principle balance of the term loan was increased to $72.0 million. The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the amendment and cash on hand to pay a dividend of $19.3 million. The term loan interest was payable quarterly at the base rate plus a margin, or LIBOR plus a margin, as defined in the credit agreement (3.61% at December 29, 2012).
In December 2013, the Company entered into a $107.5 million amended and restated senior secured credit facility which includes a term loan of $102.5 million and a revolver of $5.0 million. The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the amended and restated facility and cash on hand to pay a dividend of $38.5 million to its stockholders. The term loan bears interest, payable quarterly, at the base rate plus a margin (1.75% to 2.50%, dependent on the Companys reported leverage ratio), or LIBOR plus a margin (2.75% to 3.50%, dependent on the Companys reported leverage ratio), as defined in the amended and restated facility. In June of 2014, the Company made a $5.0 million prepayment towards the principle balance of the term loan. As of December 27, 2014, $69.3 million bears interest at 3.70% and $33.2 million bears interest at 3.74%. Principal installments ranging from $1.2 million to $2.4 million are due quarterly with all unpaid amounts due at maturity in December 2018.
The senior secured credit facility includes a $5.0 million revolver. The revolver bears interest, payable quarterly at the base rate plus a margin, as defined in the credit agreement documentation or LIBOR plus a margin, as defined in the credit agreement, with all unpaid amounts due at maturity in December 2018. At December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013, there were no amounts outstanding on the line of credit.
The senior secured credit facility includes a $3.0 million line of credit which the Company may utilize to issue letters of credit. The letter of credit facility matures in December 2018. At December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013, there were no letters of credit outstanding.
In conjunction with the amended and restated facility, the Company evaluated the refinancing of the amended facility and determined $78.7 million was accounted for as a debt modification and $23.8 million was new debt issuance. The Company incurred $664,000 in financing costs of which $265,000 was expensed and $399,000 was capitalized and is being amortized using the effective interest rate method.
In conjunction with the amended facility, the Company evaluated the refinancing of the original credit facility and determined that the entire $57.8 million was accounted for as a debt modification and none was extinguished. The Company incurred $386,000 in financing costs of which $234,000 was expensed and $152,000 was capitalized and is being amortized using the effective interest rate method.
The amended and restated senior secured credit facility is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and requires compliance with certain financial and non-financial covenants. As of December 27, 2014, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.
As of December 27, 2014, the scheduled principle payments on debt were as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal year 2015 |
$ | 4,869 | ||
Fiscal year 2016 |
8,520 | |||
Fiscal year 2017 |
5,477 | |||
Fiscal year 2018 |
74,855 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 93,721 | ||
|
|
F-21
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(12) | Commitments and Contingencies |
WRI leases certain office and retail space and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases with terms expiring between December 2014 and October 2025.
A schedule of future minimum rental payments required under our operating leases, excluding contingent rent, that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year, as of December 27, 2014, is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal year 2015 |
$ | 1,250 | ||
Fiscal year 2016 |
1,145 | |||
Fiscal year 2017 |
1,061 | |||
Fiscal year 2018 |
846 | |||
Fiscal year 2019 |
631 | |||
Thereafter |
2,954 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 7,887 | ||
|
|
Rent expense under cancelable and non-cancelable leases was $1.9 million for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014 and December 28, 2013 and $1.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2012, respectively.
The Company is subject to legal proceedings, claims and liabilities, such as employment-related claims and slip and fall cases, which arise in the ordinary course of business and are generally covered by insurance. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to those actions should not have a material adverse impact on financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Many of the food products the Company purchases are subject to changes in the price and availability of food commodities, including chicken. The Company works with its suppliers and uses a mix of forward pricing protocols for certain items under which we agree with our supplier on fixed prices for deliveries at some time in the future, fixed pricing protocols under which we agree on a fixed price with our supplier for the duration of that protocol, and formula pricing protocols under which the prices we pay are based on a specified formula related to the prices of the goods, such as spot prices.
The Companys use of any forward pricing arrangements varies substantially from time to time and these arrangements tend to cover relatively short periods (i.e., typically twelve months or less). Such contracts are used in the normal purchases of our food products and not for speculative purposes, and as such are not required to be evaluated as derivative instruments. The Company does not enter into futures contracts or other derivative instruments.
(13) | Employee Benefit Plan |
The Company sponsors a 401(k) profit sharing plan for all employees who are eligible based upon age and length of service. The Company made matching contributions of approximately $84,000, $67,000 and $63,000 for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(14) | Stock-Based Compensation |
WSHCs 2010 Stock Option Plan (the Plan) permits the granting of awards to employees, directors and other eligible persons of the Company in the form of stock options. The Plan is administered by WSHCs board of directors. The options granted under the Plan are generally exercisable within a 10-year period from the date of grant.
F-22
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The options are subject to either service-based or performance-based vesting. Service-based options contain a service-based, or time-based, vesting provision. Performance-based options contain performance-based vesting provisions based on the Company meeting certain Adjusted EBITDA profitability targets for each fiscal year during the vesting period. Any options that have not vested prior to a change of control or do not vest in connection with a change of control or do vest but are not exercised will be forfeited by the grantee upon a change of control for no consideration. Options issued and outstanding expire on various dates up to fiscal year 2024.
Under the Plan, WSHC had 6,062,596 shares authorized for issuance. There are 2,690,575 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding options at December 27, 2014 and 292,253 shares available for future grants.
The following table summarizes stock option activity:
Stock Options |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Weighted Average Remaining Term |
|||||||||||||
OutstandingDecember 28, 2013 |
2,859,079 | $ | 0.89 | $ | 4,105,000 | 7.7 | ||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Granted |
885,000 | $ | 4.07 | |||||||||||||
Exercised |
(907,254 | ) | $ | 0.63 | ||||||||||||
Canceled |
(146,250 | ) | $ | 0.66 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
OutstandingDecember 27, 2014 |
2,690,575 | $ | 2.04 | $ | 7,551,000 | 8.0 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
The total grant-date fair value of stock options vested during each of the fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $0.9 million, $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $2.7 million, $2.3 million and $1.0 million for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite employee service period (generally the vesting period of the grant). The Company recognized approximately $960,000, $748,000 and $464,000 in stock compensation expense for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in-capital. Stock compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
A summary of the status of non-vested shares as of December 27, 2014 and the changes during the period then ended is presented below:
December 27, 2014 | ||||||||
Shares | Weighted average exercise price |
|||||||
Non-vested shares at beginning of year |
2,423,306 | $ | 0.97 | |||||
Granted |
885,000 | $ | 4.07 | |||||
Vested |
(752,875 | ) | $ | 0.78 | ||||
Forfeited |
(146,250 | ) | $ | 0.66 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Non-vested shares at end of year |
2,409,181 | $ | 2.18 | |||||
|
|
|
|
As of December 27, 2014, there was $3.0 million of total unrecognized stock compensation expense related to non-vested stock options, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3.2 years.
F-23
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The estimated fair value of each option granted is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on volatilities from publicly traded companies operating in the Companys industry. The Company uses historical data to estimate expected employee forfeiture of stock options. The expected life of options granted is managements best estimate using recent and expected transactions. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The weighted-average assumptions used in the model were as follows:
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Risk-free interest |
1.96 | % | 1.72 | % | 1.19 | % | ||||||
Expected life (years) |
6.5 | 6.5 | 6.3 | |||||||||
Expected dividend yield |
0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | ||||||
Volatility |
50.8 | % | 56.0 | % | 56.0 | % | ||||||
Weighted-average Black-Scholes fair value per share at date of grant |
$ | 2.11 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 1.13 |
The Company used the simplified method for determining the expected life of the options. In addition, assumptions made regarding forfeitures in determining the remaining unamortized share-based compensation are re-evaluated periodically.
During 2013, the WSHCs Board of Directors authorized a dividend in the amount of $0.82 per share or $38.5 million. In connection with the declaration and payment of the dividend, the exercise price of some of the outstanding options at December 9, 2013 was reduced by an amount of $0.82 per share. During 2012, WSHCs Board of Directors authorized a dividend in the amount of $0.42 per share or $19.3 million. In connection with the declaration and payment of the dividend, the exercise price of some of the outstanding options at December 29, 2012 was reduced by an amount of $0.42 per share. At each dividend date, management evaluated the option modification for incremental compensation expense and calculated $163,000 and $104,000 of total incremental compensation for the modifications during each of the years ended 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(15) | Related Party Transactions |
The Company is party to a management agreement with Roark Capital Management, LLC (Roark), an affiliate of WSHCs majority stockholder. Pursuant to this management agreement, Roark has agreed to provide the Company with advice concerning finance, strategic planning and other services. Beginning December 15, 2011, the agreement provides that the Company will pay an annual management fee of $412,000 payable in quarterly installments of $103,000, subject to an increase of 3% each January, plus reimbursement of any reasonable expenses. The agreement has an initial term of 10 years, with automatic renewals. After the initial term, the agreement may be terminated by either party with reasonable advance notice, within the terms of the agreement.
Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid to Roark fees and expense reimbursement totaling $449,000, $436,000 and $422,000 for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2014, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively.
F-24
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(16) | Business Segments |
Information on segments and a reconciliation to income (loss) before taxes are as follows (in thousands):
Year ended | ||||||||||||
December 27, 2014 |
December 28, 2013 |
December 29, 2012 |
||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 38,032 | $ | 30,202 | $ | 25,057 | ||||||
Company segment |
29,417 | 28,797 | 26,534 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total segment revenue |
$ | 67,449 | $ | 58,999 | $ | 51,591 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Segment profit: |
||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 15,213 | $ | 13,106 | $ | 10,801 | ||||||
Company segment |
5,471 | 2,605 | 1,432 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total segment profit |
20,684 | 15,711 | 12,233 | |||||||||
Corporate and other (1) |
2,618 | 831 | 730 | |||||||||
Earn-out obligation |
| | 2,500 | |||||||||
Interest expense, net |
3,684 | 2,863 | 2,431 | |||||||||
Other expenses (income), net |
84 | (6 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income (loss) before taxes |
$ | 14,298 | $ | 12,023 | $ | 6,580 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Depreciation and amortization: |
||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 1,868 | $ | 1,715 | $ | 1,724 | ||||||
Company segment |
1,036 | 1,315 | 1,206 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total depreciation and amortization |
2,904 | 3,030 | 2,930 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Capital expenditures: |
||||||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 1,159 | $ | 871 | $ | 1,041 | ||||||
Company segment |
351 | 1,275 | 576 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total capital expenditures |
$ | 1,510 | $ | 2,146 | $ | 1,617 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Corporate and other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments and consists primarily of expenses associated with the Companys initial public offering and management fees discussed in Note 15. |
Information on segment assets and a reconciliation to consolidated assets are as follows (in thousands):
As of December 27, 2014 | As of December 28, 2013 | |||||||
Segment assets: |
||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 97,296 | $ | 96,909 | ||||
Company segment |
8,751 | 10,254 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total segment assets |
106,047 | 107,163 | ||||||
Corporate and other (2) |
14,189 | 6,288 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 120,236 | $ | 113,451 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(2) | Corporate and other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments and consists primarily of cash and cash equivalents, advertising fund restricted assets and capitalized costs associated with the issuance of indebtedness. |
F-25
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Segment goodwill: |
||||||||
Franchise segment |
$ | 39,930 | $ | 39,930 | ||||
Company segment |
5,198 | 5,640 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total goodwill |
$ | 45,128 | $ | 45,570 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(17) | Subsequent Events |
The Company evaluates events and transactions that occur after the balance sheet date as potential subsequent events. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through March 27, 2014 and has determined no other subsequent events have occurred.
In March 2015, the Company amended and restated the senior secured credit facility. In connection with the amended and restated facility, the facility size was increased to $137.5 million and is comprised of a $132.5 million term loan and a $5.0 million revolving credit facility. The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the amended and restated facility and cash on hand to pay a dividend of $48.0 million to its stockholders. Borrowings under the facility bear interest, payable quarterly, at the Companys option at the base rate plus a margin (1.50%% to 2.25%, dependent on the Companys reported leverage ratio) or LIBOR plus a margin (2.50% to 3.25%, dependent on our reported leverage ratio), at the Companys option. The amended and restated facility also extended the maturity date of the senior secured credit facility from December 2018 to March 2020. Principal installments ranging from $1.66 million to $3.31 million are due quarterly starting June 30, 2015, with all unpaid amounts due at maturity in March 2020. Subject to certain conditions, the Company has the ability to increase the senior secured credit facility by up to an additional $30.0 million.
(18) | Earnings Per Share |
The unaudited pro forma earnings per common share, basic and diluted, for fiscal 2014 gives effect to the number of shares whose proceeds would be necessary to pay the dividend on March 18, 2015, which was partially funded by proceeds from the amended and restated senior secured credit facility. Additionally, the Company intends to use a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to pay down indebtedness. Adjusted pro forma earnings per common share, basic and diluted, gives effect to the number of shares whose proceeds would be necessary to pay the dividend that was partially funded by the increased size of the credit facility.
The following table sets forth the computation of the unaudited pro forma earnings per common share, basic and diluted (in thousands, except per share data):
Year ended December 27, 2014 |
||||
Pro forma earnings per common share, basic (unaudited): |
||||
Net income |
$ | 8,986 | ||
Pro forma weighted average number of shares |
||||
Weighted average number of common shares |
| |||
Shares issued in offering necessary to pay dividend |
| |||
|
|
|||
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares |
| |||
|
|
|||
Pro forma earnings per common share, basic |
$ | | ||
|
|
|||
Pro forma earnings per common share, diluted (unaudited): |
||||
Net income |
$ | 8,986 | ||
Pro forma diluted weighted average number of shares |
||||
Diluted weighted average number of common shares |
| |||
Shares issued in offering necessary to pay dividend |
| |||
|
|
|||
Pro forma diluted weighted average number of common shares |
| |||
|
|
|||
Pro forma earnings per common share, diluted |
$ | | ||
|
|
F-26
THE WING WING STOP EXPERTS
CLASSIS AND BONELESS WINGS
ON THE SIDE
COMBOS & PACKS BY THE PIECE
6
2 FLAVOR + 1 DIP
FRIES OR VEG STICKS 20 OZ SOFT DRINK
8
2 FLAVORS + 1 DIP
FRIES OR VEG STICKS 20 OZ SOFT DRINK
10
2 FLAVORS + 1 DIP
FRIES OR VEG STICKS 20 OZ SOFT DRINK
15
2 FLAVORS + 2 DIPS
LG FRIES OR LG VEG STICKS 2 20 OZ SOFT DRINKS
30
PACK
3 FLAVORS +
3
DIPS
LG FRIES, VEG STICKS
40
PACK
4 FLAVORS +
4
DIPS
LG FRIES, 2 VEG STICKS
50
PACK
4 FLAVORS +
4
DIPS
LG FRIES AND LG SIDE, 2 VEG STICKS
SEASONED
WITH CHEESE
YOURCHOICE OF CAJUN LEMONN PEPPER PARMESAN OR FRY SEASONING
VEGGIE STICKS
COLESLAW
POTATO SALAD
BAKED
BEANS
BAKED
ROLLS
RANCH
BLEU CHEESE
HONEY MUSTARD
CHEESE SAUCE
SOFT DRINK/TEA
FLAVORS
ORIGINAL HOT
LEMON PEPPER
A BLEND OF HEAT AND TANG
A HIT OF CITRUS AND BLACK PEPPER
ATOMIC
LOUISIANA RUB
GARLIC PARMESAN
A HABANERO FUELED INFERNO
A SOUTHERN MIX W/ HINTS OF GARLIC
SAVORY AND BUTTERY
MANGO HABANERO
MILD
HAWAIIAN
SWEET AND SPICY COLLIDE
ALL THE FLAVOR MINUS THE BURN
BIG TANGY ISLAND FLAVOR
CAJUN
HICKORY SMOKED BBQ
TERIYAKI
HOT WITH A SOUTHERN TWIST
SWEET. SMOKEY. RICH.
BOLD AND SWEET ASIAN SPICES
$16.99 $49.99 $24.49 $40.99 $81.99
ADD 5 WINGS TO ANY ORDER $4.59
COMBOS & PACKS
BY
THE PIECE
1 DIP
3
FRIES OR VEG STICKS 20 OZ SOFT DRINK
4
1
DIP
1 DIP
5
FRIES OR VEG STICKS 20 OZ SOFT DRINKS
7
2
DIPS
2 DIPS
8
LG FRIES OR LG VEG STICKS 2 20 OZ SOFT DRINKS TENDERS 40
OUR FAMOUS HANDCUT FRIES CLASSIC
VEGGIE STICKS
15
3
DIPS
3 DIPS
16
PACK
LG FRIES, 4 ROLLS
20
4
DIPS
4 DIPS
24
PACK
LG FRIES AND LG SIDE, 6 ROLLS
30
4
DIPS
SKIP THE WAIT. ORDER ONLINE. WINGSTOP.COM
shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
Morgan Stanley | Jefferies | Baird |
Part II: Information not required in the prospectus
Item 13. | Other expenses of issuance and distribution. |
The following table sets forth all fees and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions payable solely by the registrant in connection with the offer and sale of the securities being registered. All amounts shown are estimated except for the registration fee of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the FINRA filing fee and The Nasdaq Global Select Market listing fee.
SEC registration fee |
$ | * | ||
FINRA filing fee |
* | |||
The Nasdaq Global Select Market listing fee |
* | |||
Accounting fees and expenses |
* | |||
Legal fees and expenses |
* | |||
Printing fees and expenses |
* | |||
Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses |
* | |||
Blue sky fees and expenses |
* | |||
Director and officer insurance |
* | |||
Miscellaneous |
* | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | * | ||
|
|
* | To be completed by amendment. |
Item 14. | Indemnification of directors and officers. |
Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL allows a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation will not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where the director breached the duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law or obtained an improper personal benefit. Our restated certificate of incorporation will provide for this limitation of liability.
Section 145 of the DGCL, which we refer to as Section 145, provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was, is or is threatened to be made, party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such corporation or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporations best interests and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was illegal.
Section 145 further authorizes a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him under Section 145.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that we must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL and must also pay expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition upon delivery of an undertaking, by or on behalf of an indemnified person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it should be determined ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this section or otherwise.
II-1
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our current directors and officers. These agreements will require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to us, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified.
The indemnification rights set forth above shall not be exclusive of any other right which an indemnified person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
We expect to maintain standard policies of insurance that provide coverage (1) to our directors and officers against loss rising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act and (2) to us with respect to indemnification payments that we may make to such directors and officers.
The proposed form of Underwriting Agreement to be filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement provides for indemnification to our directors and officers by the underwriters against certain liabilities.
Item 15. | Recent sales of unregistered securities. |
The following list sets forth information as to all securities we have sold or exchanged since March 27, 2012, which were not registered under the Act. Amounts below do not give effect to our reorganization and, in connection therewith, the conversion of all common stock of Wing Stop Holding Corporation (and all declared and unpaid yield thereon (as of March 27, 2015)) and options to purchase common stock of Wing Stop Holding Corporation into an aggregate of shares of common stock of Wingstop Inc. and options to purchase shares of common stock of Wingstop Inc., based on the assumed initial public offering price of $ (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).
1. | Since March 27, 2012, we have granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 2,480,000 shares of our common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.90 to $4.85 per share to employees under our 2010 Stock Option Plan. During 2012, our board of directors authorized a dividend in the amount of $0.42 per share or $19.3 million. In connection with the declaration and payment of the dividend, the exercise price of some of our outstanding options was reduced by an amount of $0.42 per share. During 2013, our board of directors authorized a dividend in the amount of $0.82 per share or $38.5 million. In connection with the declaration and payment of the dividend, the exercise price of some of our outstanding options was reduced by an amount of $0.82 per share. |
2. | Since March 27, 2012, we have issued and sold an aggregate of 2,675,864 shares of our common stock to employees and directors upon payment of approximately $1,456,657 pursuant to exercises of options granted under our 2010 Stock Option Plan. |
We claimed exemption from registration under the Securities Act for the sales and issuances of securities in the transactions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) above under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act in that such sales and issuances did not involve a public offering or under Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act, in that they were offered and sold either pursuant to written compensatory plans or pursuant to a written contract relating to compensation, as provided by Rule 701.
Item 16. | Exhibits and financial statements. |
(a) The exhibit index attached hereto is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) No financial statement schedules are provided because the information called for is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
II-2
Item 17. | Undertakings. |
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction, the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(c) The undersigned registrant hereby further undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-3
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Dallas, Texas on , 2015.
Wingstop Inc. | ||
By: |
| |
Charles R. Morrison | ||
President and Chief Executive Officer |
Power of attorney
Each of the undersigned officers and directors of Wingstop Inc. hereby constitutes and appoints Charles R. Morrison, Michael F. Mravle and Jay A. Young and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Registration Statement of Wingstop Inc. on Form S-1, and any other registration statement relating to the same offering (including any registration statement, or amendment thereto, that is to become effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933), and any and all amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities set forth opposite their names and on the date indicated above.
Signature | Title | |
Charles R. Morrison |
||
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Michael F. Mravle |
||
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors | |
Neal K. Aronson | ||
|
Director | |
Sidney J. Feltenstein | ||
|
Director | |
Michael J. Hislop | ||
|
Director | |
Lawrence P. Molloy |
II-4
Signature | Title | |
|
Director | |
Erik O. Morris | ||
|
Director | |
Steven M. Romaniello |
II-5
Index to exhibits
Exhibit |
||
1.1* | Form of Underwriting Agreement | |
3.1* | Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Wingstop Inc. | |
3.2* | Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Wingstop Inc. | |
4.1* | Form of Stock Certificate for Common Stock | |
5.1* | Opinion of King & Spalding LLP regarding legality of securities being offered | |
10.1* | Form of Shareholder Agreement by and among Wingstop Holdings, Inc., RC II WS LLC and the other shareholders party thereto (Form 1) | |
10.2* | Form of Shareholder Agreement by and among Wingstop Holdings, Inc., RC II WS LLC and the other shareholders party thereto (Form 2) | |
10.3* | Shareholder Agreement, dated April, 9, 2010, by and among Wingstop Holdings, Inc., RC II WS LLC and Gleacher Mezzanine Fund II, L.P. | |
10.4* | Registration Rights Agreement, dated , 2015, by and between Wingstop Inc. and RC II WS LLC | |
10.5** | Amended and Restated Management Advisory and Consulting Services Agreement, dated December 15, 2011, by and between Wing Stop Holding Corporation and Roark Capital Management, LLC | |
10.6** | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated March 18, 2015, by and among Wing Stop Holding Corporation, as Borrower, the subsidiaries of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, as Guarantors, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and Issuing Lender, and Regions Bank, as Co-Syndication Agent and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith as Co-Syndication Agent et al. | |
10.7** | Wing Stop Holding Corporation 2010 Stock Option Plan | |
10.8* | Form of Option Award Agreement for Wing Stop Holding Corporation 2010 Stock Option Plan | |
10.9* | Form of Wingstop Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan | |
10.10* | Form of Award Agreement for Wingstop Inc. 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan | |
10.11* | Form of Change in Control Bonus Award Agreement | |
10.12** | Employment Agreement, dated June 25, 2012, by and between Wingstop Restaurants Inc. and Charles Morrison | |
10.13** | Employment Agreement, dated September 22, 2014, by and between Wingstop Restaurants Inc. and Michael F. Mravle | |
10.14** | Employment Agreement, dated September 2, 2014, by and between Wingstop Restaurants Inc. and William Engen | |
10.15* | Form of Indemnification Agreement | |
16.1** | Letter to the Securities and Exchange Commission from McGladrey LLP | |
21.1* | List of subsidiaries of Wingstop Inc. | |
23.1* | Consent of King & Spalding LLP (included as part of Exhibit 5.1) | |
23.2* | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm | |
24.1* | Powers of Attorney (included on signature pages) |
* | To be filed by amendment. |
** | Filed herewith. |
| Indicates management agreement. |
Exhibit 10.5
AMENDED AND RESTATED
MANAGEMENT ADVISORY AND
CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED MANAGEMENT ADVISORY AND CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENT is dated as of December 15, 2011 (this Agreement) by and between WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION, a Georgia corporation (the Company), and Roark Capital Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (together with its permitted assignees, the Consultant).
BACKGROUND
The Consultant has developed various areas of expertise in the fields of management, finance, acquisitions, marketing, and strategic and operational planning (collectively, the Expertise).
The Company desires to avail itself of the Consultants Expertise and to have the Consultant undertake the duties and responsibilities set forth in this Agreement, on behalf of the Company.
The Consultant is willing to undertake to render such services, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. This Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the original Management Advisory and Consulting Services Agreement between the parties dated as of April 9, 2010.
In consideration of the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereto agree as follows:
SECTION 1. Appointment and Duties of the Consultant.
(a) The Company hereby appoints the Consultant as the Companys management advisor and consulting services provider, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.
(b) The Consultant hereby accepts its appointment as the Companys exclusive management advisor and consulting services provider, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and agrees that during the Term of this Agreement, it will render to the Company management advisory and consulting services (the Services). The Services will consist of advice concerning management, finance, marketing, strategic planning and such other services as may be requested from time to time by the board of directors of the Company (the Board).
SECTION 2. Additional Activities of the Consultant.
(a) Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Consultant or any of its affiliates from engaging in any other business or from rendering services of any kind, including the Services, to any other person or entity.
(b) Any partner, director, manager, member, officer, employee or agent of the Consultant or of any of its affiliates may serve as a partner, director, manager, member, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries. When executing documents on behalf of, or otherwise acting in any capacity other than that of the Consultant to, the Company, each such person shall use his, her or its respective title(s) in the Company.
SECTION 3. Consulting Fee and Expenses.
(a) In consideration of the Services provided under this Agreement, the Company shall pay the Consultant an aggregate annual fee (the Consulting Fee) equal to $412,000, which Consulting Fee shall be payable to the Consultant by the Company in equal quarterly installments of $103,000 each. The Consulting Fee shall be paid in advance on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year during the Term of this Agreement, provided that the quarterly installment that would otherwise be payable with respect to the period in which the Term of this Agreement commences shall instead be paid on the date hereof and pro rated for the number of days remaining in the period. On each January 1, the amount of the Consulting Fee shall be increased by 3% of the then applicable amount of such Consulting Fee.
(b) The Company shall reimburse the Consultant promptly following the Consultants request for payment of all reasonable expenses incurred by the Consultant and its affiliates in connection with the provision of the Services.
(c) If the Company or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries completes any acquisition of another business (including by merger, the acquisition of equity or assets, or similar transaction) or recapitalization, refinancing, divestiture or sale at any time during the Term of this Agreement, the Consultant shall have the right in each instance to (i) increase the Consulting Fee by an amount that reasonably reflects the additional services provided in connection with such transaction, (ii) charge the Company a reasonable transaction advisory fee (not to exceed 2% of the transaction value), and (iii) receive reimbursement of its out-of-pocket expenses from the Company in connection with any such transaction.
SECTION 4. Default.
(a) If the Company fails to pay any portion of any quarterly installment of the Consulting Fee as set forth in Section 3, when and as due, then the Company shall be in default under this Agreement and, upon making written demand upon the Company for such payment, the Consultant shall be entitled to receive immediate payment in full of any unpaid portion of the
2
Consulting Fee for such quarterly period. Upon delivery of such written demand in compliance with the provisions set forth in this Agreement, the Consultant shall be excused from rendering any further Services pursuant to this Agreement until all such payments have been received by the Consultant.
(b) Further, in the event of a default by the Company, the Company agrees to reimburse the Consultant for any cost or expense incurred by the Consultant in connection with such default, including reasonable attorneys fees incurred in connection with such default and any litigation or other proceedings instituted for the collection of payment due under this Agreement. The Consultant shall be excused from rendering any further Services pursuant to this Agreement until all such payments have been received by the Consultant.
SECTION 5. Limits of the Consultants Responsibility; Indemnification; Insurance.
(a) The Consultant assumes no responsibility under this Agreement other than to render in good faith the Services requested by the Board under this Agreement and shall not be responsible for any action of the Board in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendation of the Consultant.
(b) Neither the Consultant nor its members, managers, partners, directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates will be liable to the Company, any of its affiliates, or the Companys or any of its affiliates stockholders, members or partners for any acts or omissions by the Consultant, its members, managers, partners, directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates, for any acts or omissions under or in connection with this Agreement, except by reason of acts constituting willful misconduct or gross negligence.
(c) The Company (the Indemnifying Party) shall, to the full extent lawful, reimburse, advance, indemnify and hold harmless the Consultant, its partners, directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates and each other person or entity, if any, controlling the Consultant (each, an Indemnified Party), of and from any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims of any nature whatsoever (including attorneys fees (including those of inside counsel)) (collectively, Losses) in respect of or arising from any acts or omissions of such Indemnified Party by or on behalf of the Consultant made in good faith in the performance of the Consultants duties under this Agreement and not constituting willful misconduct or gross negligence of such Indemnified Party. In case any claim for Losses shall be made or action brought against any Indemnified Party for any reason for which indemnity may be sought against the Indemnifying Party as provided in this Agreement, the Consultant shall promptly notify the Indemnifying Party in writing setting forth the particulars of such claim or action and whether the Consultant shall assume the defense of such action, including the employment of counsel, and the Indemnifying Party will pay the reasonable fees and disbursements of the Consultant and its counsel as incurred. If the Consultant declines or fails to assume the defense of such action on the terms provided above within five (5) business days after it notifies the Indemnifying Party of such action, then the Indemnifying Party shall assume the defense of such action, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the
3
Consultant and the payment of the fees and disbursements of such counsel. In any such action, the Consultant will have the right to participate in such matter and to retain its own counsel at the Indemnifying Partys expense. The Indemnifying Party will at all times use reasonable efforts to keep the Consultant reasonably apprised of the status of the defense of any matter the defense of which the Indemnifying Party has assumed and to cooperate in good faith with the Consultant with respect to the defense of any such matter. The Indemnifying Party shall pay all expenses and fees of the Consultant hereunder (including attorneys fees (including those of inside counsel)) as they are incurred by the Consultant; provided, that the Consultant shall repay all amounts so paid by the Indemnifying Party to the extent that it is finally determined that the Indemnified Party committed gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with such matter.
(d) The Company shall maintain for the duration of this Agreement, at its cost and expense, insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property, including contractual liability, which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the work by the Consultant. The Consultant and its permitted assignees are to be endorsed as additional insureds to the general liability, automobile liability, and umbrella and excess liability insurance policies. The Companys insurance shall be primary and shall not seek contribution from any insurance of Consultant except for willful misconduct and gross negligence of the Consultant. Any insurance or self-insurance purchased by the Consultant shall be excess of the Companys insurance and shall not contribute with it.
SECTION 6. Independent Contractor. The Consultant shall for all purposes of this Agreement be deemed an independent contractor and shall, unless otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement or authorized by the Board from time to time, have no authority to act for or represent the Company in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Company.
SECTION 7. Term; Termination.
(a) Unless sooner terminated as provided in this Section 7, the term of this Agreement shall commence on the date of this Agreement (the Closing Date) and shall continue in force until the tenth anniversary of the Closing Date (such ten (10) year period, the Initial Term). Thereafter, until this Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, this Agreement shall be deemed renewed automatically each year for an additional one-year period. The Initial Term and any extensions thereof are referred to collectively as the Term.
(b) No later than sixty (60) days prior to the third or any subsequent anniversary of the date of this Agreement (including any anniversary that occurs after the conclusion of the Initial Term), the Consultant may deliver written notice to the Company informing it of the Consultants intention to terminate this Agreement, whereupon the term hereof shall not continue and this Agreement shall terminate effective on the anniversary of this Agreement next following the delivery of such notice, unless the Company and the Consultant agree in writing as to an earlier termination date.
4
(c) The Consultant may terminate this Agreement effective upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Company if the Company defaults in the performance or observance of any material term, condition or covenant contained in this Agreement and such default continues for a period of ten (10) days after notice specifying such default and requesting that the same be remedied in such ten (10) day period.
(d) The Company may terminate this Agreement effective upon sixty (60) days prior written notice to the Consultant for Cause. For purposes of this Section 7(d), Cause means willful misconduct or gross negligence on the part of the Consultant.
SECTION 8. Action Upon Termination. Upon the termination of this Agreement for any reason other than termination for Cause pursuant to Section 7(d) of this Agreement, the Consultant shall be paid all compensation payable to the Consultant through the end of the Initial Term.
SECTION 9. Assignment. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Consultant may subcontract or assign any or all of its responsibilities under this Agreement to any of its affiliates, and the Company hereby consents to any such assignment or subcontracting. In addition, nothing contained in this Agreement shall preclude any pledge, hypothecation or other transfer by the Consultant of any amounts payable to the Consultant under this Agreement.
SECTION 10. Notices. Unless expressly provided otherwise in this Agreement, all notices, requests, demands and other communications required or permitted under this Agreement must be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given, made and received when delivered against receipt or upon actual receipt of registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as set forth below:
(a) | If to the Company: |
Wing Stop Holding Corporation
c/o Roark Capital Acquisition LLC
1180 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Suite 2500
Atlanta, Georgia 30309-3521
Attn: Stephen D. Aronson
Telephone: (404) 591-5210
Fax: (404) 591-5201
(b) | If to the Consultant: |
Roark Capital Management, LLC
1180 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Suite 2500
Atlanta, GA 30309
Attn: Jeffrey J. Keenan
5
Either party may alter the address to which communications or copies are to be sent by giving notice to such change of address in conformity with the provisions of this Section 10 for the giving of notice.
SECTION 11. Binding Nature of Agreement; Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representatives, successors and permitted assigns as provided in this Agreement.
SECTION 12. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof. The express terms hereof control and supersedes any course of performance and/or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. This Agreement may not be modified or amended other than by an agreement in writing signed by the parties hereto.
SECTION 13. Controlling Law. This Agreement and all questions relating to its validity, interpretation, performance and enforcement shall be governed by and construed, interpreted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Georgia, notwithstanding any Georgia or other conflict-of-law provisions to the contrary.
SECTION 14. Indulgences, Not Waivers. Neither the failure nor any delay on the part of a party to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver.
SECTION 15. Confidentiality. Subject to the duty of the Consultant and the Company to comply with applicable law, including any demand of any regulatory or tax authority having adequate jurisdiction, the parties hereto shall treat as confidential all information pertaining to the Company and the actions of the Consultant and the Company in respect thereof.
SECTION 16. Interpretation. The titles of paragraphs and subparagraphs contained in this Agreement are for convenience only and they neither form a part of this Agreement nor are they to be used in the construction or interpretation of this Agreement. When used in this Agreement, the word including means including, without limitation in each instance.
6
SECTION 17. Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against any party whose signature appears thereon, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement shall become binding when one or more counterparts of this Agreement, individually or taken together, shall bear the signature of all of the parties reflected hereon as the signatories.
SECTION 18. Provisions Separable. The provisions of this Agreement are independent of and separable from each other, and no provision shall be affected or rendered invalid or unenforceable by virtue of the facts that for any reason any other or others of them may be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
SECTION 19. Gender. Words used in this Agreement regardless of the number and general specifically used, shall be deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural and any other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context requires.
[Remainder of page intentionally blank]
[Signature page follows]
7
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION | ||
By: | /s/ Stephen Aronson | |
Name: | Stephen Aronson | |
Its: | Authorized Signatory | |
ROARK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC | ||
By: | /s/ Jeffrey J. Keenan | |
Name: | Jeffrey J. Keenan | |
Title: | President |
[Signature Page to Management Advisory and Consulting Services Agreement]
Exhibit 10.6
EXECUTION VERSION
Published CUSIP Number: 97411QAG6
Revolving Credit CUSIP Number: 97411QAH4
Term Loan CUSIP Number: 97411QAJ0
$137,500,000
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
CREDIT AGREEMENT
dated as of March 18, 2015
by and among
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION,
as Borrower,
the Subsidiaries of the Borrower party hereto,
as Guarantors
the Lenders referred to herein,
as Lenders,
and
WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Administrative Agent and
Issuing Lender
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
and
REGIONS BANK,
as Co-Syndication Agents
GE CAPITAL MARKETS, INC.,
as Managing Agent
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC,
REGIONS BANK
and
MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED,
as Joint Lead Arrangers and
Joint Book Runners
CID#: 000015592
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||||||
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS |
1 | |||||
Section 1.1 |
Definitions |
1 | ||||
Section 1.2 |
Other Definitions and Provisions |
37 | ||||
Section 1.3 |
Accounting Terms |
38 | ||||
Section 1.4 |
UCC Terms |
38 | ||||
Section 1.5 |
Rounding |
38 | ||||
Section 1.6 |
References to Agreement and Laws |
39 | ||||
Section 1.7 |
Times of Day |
39 | ||||
Section 1.8 |
Letter of Credit Amounts |
39 | ||||
Section 1.9 |
Guaranty Obligations |
39 | ||||
ARTICLE II REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY |
39 | |||||
Section 2.1 |
Revolving Credit Loans |
39 | ||||
Section 2.2 |
Procedure for Advances of Revolving Credit Loans |
40 | ||||
Section 2.3 |
Repayment and Prepayment of Revolving Credit |
41 | ||||
Section 2.4 |
Permanent Reduction of the Revolving Credit Commitment |
42 | ||||
Section 2.5 |
Termination of Revolving Credit Facility |
42 | ||||
ARTICLE III LETTER OF CREDIT FACILITY |
42 | |||||
Section 3.1 |
L/C Commitment |
42 | ||||
Section 3.2 |
Procedure for Issuance of Letters of Credit |
43 | ||||
Section 3.3 |
Commissions and Other Charges |
43 | ||||
Section 3.4 |
L/C Participations |
44 | ||||
Section 3.5 |
Reimbursement Obligation of the Borrower |
45 | ||||
Section 3.6 |
Obligations Absolute |
45 | ||||
Section 3.7 |
Effect of Letter of Credit Application |
46 | ||||
ARTICLE IV TERM LOAN FACILITY |
46 | |||||
Section 4.1 |
Term Loan |
46 | ||||
Section 4.2 |
Procedure for Advance of Term Loan |
49 | ||||
Section 4.3 |
Repayment of Term Loan |
50 | ||||
Section 4.4 |
Prepayments of Term Loans |
51 | ||||
ARTICLE V GENERAL LOAN PROVISIONS |
53 | |||||
Section 5.1 |
Interest |
53 | ||||
Section 5.2 |
Notice and Manner of Conversion or Continuation of Loans |
55 | ||||
Section 5.3 |
Fees |
55 | ||||
Section 5.4 |
Manner of Payment |
56 | ||||
Section 5.5 |
Evidence of Indebtedness |
56 | ||||
Section 5.6 |
Adjustments |
57 | ||||
Section 5.7 |
Obligations of Lenders |
58 | ||||
Section 5.8 |
Changed Circumstances |
58 | ||||
Section 5.9 |
Indemnity |
60 | ||||
Section 5.10 |
Increased Costs |
60 |
i
Section 5.11 |
Taxes |
61 | ||||
Section 5.12 |
Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders |
66 | ||||
Section 5.13 |
Cash Collateral |
67 | ||||
Section 5.14 |
Defaulting Lenders |
68 | ||||
Section 5.15 |
Increase to Revolving Credit Commitments |
70 | ||||
ARTICLE VI CONDITIONS OF CLOSING AND BORROWING |
72 | |||||
Section 6.1 |
Conditions to Closing and Additional Incremental Term Loan |
72 | ||||
Section 6.2 |
Conditions to All Extensions of Credit |
75 | ||||
ARTICLE VII REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE CREDIT PARTIES |
76 | |||||
Section 7.1 |
Organization; Power; Qualification |
76 | ||||
Section 7.2 |
Ownership |
76 | ||||
Section 7.3 |
Authorization; Enforceability |
77 | ||||
Section 7.4 |
Compliance of Agreement, Loan Documents and Borrowing with Laws, Etc. |
77 | ||||
Section 7.5 |
Compliance with Law; Governmental Approvals |
78 | ||||
Section 7.6 |
Tax Returns and Payments |
78 | ||||
Section 7.7 |
Intellectual Property Matters |
78 | ||||
Section 7.8 |
Environmental Matters |
79 | ||||
Section 7.9 |
Employee Benefit Matters |
80 | ||||
Section 7.10 |
Margin Stock |
81 | ||||
Section 7.11 |
Government Regulation |
81 | ||||
Section 7.12 |
Contractual Obligations |
81 | ||||
Section 7.13 |
Employee Relations |
81 | ||||
Section 7.14 |
Financial Statements |
82 | ||||
Section 7.15 |
No Material Adverse Change |
82 | ||||
Section 7.16 |
Solvency |
82 | ||||
Section 7.17 |
Titles to Properties |
82 | ||||
Section 7.18 |
Litigation |
82 | ||||
Section 7.19 |
OFAC |
82 | ||||
Section 7.20 |
Absence of Defaults |
83 | ||||
Section 7.21 |
Investment Bankers and Similar Fees |
83 | ||||
Section 7.22 |
Disclosure |
83 | ||||
Section 7.23 |
Inactive Companies |
83 | ||||
Section 7.24 |
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act |
83 | ||||
ARTICLE VIII AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS |
84 | |||||
Section 8.1 |
Financial Statements and Budgets |
84 | ||||
Section 8.2 |
Certificates; Other Reports |
85 | ||||
Section 8.3 |
Notice of Litigation and Other Matters |
87 | ||||
Section 8.4 |
Preservation of Corporate Existence and Related Matters |
88 | ||||
Section 8.5 |
Maintenance of Property and Licenses |
88 | ||||
Section 8.6 |
Insurance |
88 | ||||
Section 8.7 |
Payment of Taxes |
89 |
ii
Section 8.8 |
Compliance with Laws and Approvals |
89 | ||||
Section 8.9 |
Environmental Laws |
89 | ||||
Section 8.10 |
Visits and Inspections |
89 | ||||
Section 8.11 |
Additional Subsidiaries |
89 | ||||
Section 8.12 |
Hedge Agreement |
91 | ||||
Section 8.13 |
Use of Proceeds |
91 | ||||
Section 8.14 |
Deposit Accounts |
91 | ||||
Section 8.15 |
Landlord Waivers |
91 | ||||
Section 8.16 |
Further Assurances |
92 | ||||
ARTICLE IX NEGATIVE COVENANTS |
92 | |||||
Section 9.1 |
Indebtedness |
92 | ||||
Section 9.2 |
Liens |
94 | ||||
Section 9.3 |
Investments |
96 | ||||
Section 9.4 |
Fundamental Changes |
99 | ||||
Section 9.5 |
Asset Dispositions |
100 | ||||
Section 9.6 |
Restricted Payments |
102 | ||||
Section 9.7 |
Transactions with Affiliates |
103 | ||||
Section 9.8 |
Management Fees and Compensation |
104 | ||||
Section 9.9 |
Accounting Changes; Organizational Documents |
105 | ||||
Section 9.10 |
No Further Negative Pledges; Restrictive Agreements |
105 | ||||
Section 9.11 |
Nature of Business |
106 | ||||
Section 9.12 |
Amendments of Other Documents |
106 | ||||
Section 9.13 |
Sale Leasebacks; Securitization Transactions; Synthetic Leases |
106 | ||||
Section 9.14 |
Financial Covenants |
106 | ||||
Section 9.15 |
Disposal of Subsidiary Interests |
108 | ||||
Section 9.16 |
Merger Agreement Earn Out Payment |
108 | ||||
Section 9.17 |
Inactive Companies |
108 | ||||
ARTICLE X DEFAULT AND REMEDIES |
108 | |||||
Section 10.1 |
Events of Default |
108 | ||||
Section 10.2 |
Remedies |
110 | ||||
Section 10.3 |
Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Non-Waiver; etc |
111 | ||||
Section 10.4 |
Crediting of Payments and Proceeds |
112 | ||||
Section 10.5 |
Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim |
113 | ||||
Section 10.6 |
Credit Bidding |
114 | ||||
ARTICLE XI THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT |
114 | |||||
Section 11.1 |
Appointment and Authority |
114 | ||||
Section 11.2 |
Rights as a Lender |
115 | ||||
Section 11.3 |
Exculpatory Provisions |
115 | ||||
Section 11.4 |
Reliance by the Administrative Agent |
116 | ||||
Section 11.5 |
Delegation of Duties |
117 | ||||
Section 11.6 |
Resignation of Administrative Agent |
117 | ||||
Section 11.7 |
Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders |
118 | ||||
Section 11.8 |
No Other Duties, etc. |
119 |
iii
Section 11.9 |
Collateral and Guaranty Matters |
119 | ||||
Section 11.10 |
Secured Hedge Agreements and Secured Cash Management Agreements |
120 | ||||
ARTICLE XII MISCELLANEOUS |
120 | |||||
Section 12.1 |
Notices |
120 | ||||
Section 12.2 |
Amendments, Waivers and Consents |
123 | ||||
Section 12.3 |
Expenses; Indemnity |
125 | ||||
Section 12.4 |
Right of Setoff |
127 | ||||
Section 12.5 |
Governing Law; Jurisdiction, Etc. |
128 | ||||
Section 12.6 |
Waiver of Jury Trial |
129 | ||||
Section 12.7 |
Reversal of Payments |
129 | ||||
Section 12.8 |
Injunctive Relief |
129 | ||||
Section 12.9 |
Accounting Matters |
129 | ||||
Section 12.10 |
Successors and Assigns; Participations |
130 | ||||
Section 12.11 |
Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality |
134 | ||||
Section 12.12 |
Performance of Duties |
135 | ||||
Section 12.13 |
All Powers Coupled with Interest |
135 | ||||
Section 12.14 |
Survival |
135 | ||||
Section 12.15 |
Titles and Captions |
136 | ||||
Section 12.16 |
Severability of Provisions |
136 | ||||
Section 12.17 |
Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness; Electronic Execution |
136 | ||||
Section 12.18 |
Term of Agreement |
136 | ||||
Section 12.19 |
USA PATRIOT Act |
137 | ||||
Section 12.20 |
Independent Effect of Covenants |
137 | ||||
Section 12.21 |
Inconsistencies with Other Documents |
137 | ||||
Section 12.22 |
Amendment and Restatement |
137 | ||||
Section 12.23 |
New Lenders |
137 | ||||
Section 12.24 |
No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility |
138 | ||||
ARTICLE XIII GUARANTY |
139 | |||||
Section 13.1 |
The Guaranty |
139 | ||||
Section 13.2 |
Obligations Unconditional |
139 | ||||
Section 13.3 |
Reinstatement |
140 | ||||
Section 13.4 |
Certain Additional Waivers |
141 | ||||
Section 13.5 |
Remedies |
141 | ||||
Section 13.6 |
Rights of Contribution |
141 | ||||
Section 13.7 |
Guarantee of Payment; Continuing Guarantee |
141 | ||||
Section 13.8 |
Keepwell |
141 |
iv
EXHIBITS
Exhibit A-1 |
- | Form of Revolving Credit Note | ||
Exhibit A-2 |
- | Form of Term Loan Note | ||
Exhibit B |
- | Form of Notice of Borrowing | ||
Exhibit C |
- | Form of Notice of Account Designation | ||
Exhibit D |
- | Form of Notice of Prepayment | ||
Exhibit E |
- | Form of Notice of Conversion/Continuation | ||
Exhibit F |
- | Form of Officers Compliance Certificate | ||
Exhibit G |
- | Form of Assignment and Assumption |
SCHEDULES
Schedule 1.1(a) |
- | Commitments | ||
Schedule 7.2 |
- | Subsidiaries and Capitalization | ||
Schedule 7.6 |
- | Tax Returns and Payments | ||
Schedule 7.7 |
- | Intellectual Property Matters | ||
Schedule 7.9 |
- | ERISA Plans | ||
Schedule 7.13 |
- | Labor and Collective Bargaining Agreements | ||
Schedule 7.17 |
- | Real Property | ||
Schedule 7.23 |
- | Inactive Companies | ||
Schedule 9.1 |
- | Existing Indebtedness | ||
Schedule 9.2 |
- | Existing Liens | ||
Schedule 9.3 |
- | Existing Loans, Advances and Investments | ||
Schedule 9.7 |
- | Transactions with Affiliates |
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SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT, dated as of March 18, 2015 (amending and restating the Existing Credit Agreement referred to below) by and among WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION, a Georgia corporation, as Borrower, the Guarantors (as defined herein), the lenders who are party to this Agreement and the lenders who may become a party to this Agreement pursuant to the terms hereof, as Lenders, and WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders.
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
The Borrower is party to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 11, 2013, among the Borrower, the Guarantors parties thereto, the several banks and other financial institutions parties thereto (the Existing Lenders) and the Administrative Agent (which amended and restated that certain Credit Agreement dated as of December 15, 2011, among the Borrower, the Guarantors parties thereto, the several banks and other financial institutions parties thereto and the Administrative Agent) (as amended, modified or supplemented prior to the date hereof, the Existing Credit Agreement), pursuant to which the Existing Lenders have made loans and other financial accommodations to the Borrower.
The Borrower has requested, and, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders have agreed, to amend and restate the Existing Credit Agreement and provide certain credit facilities to the Borrower on the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and it has been agreed by the parties hereto that the Existing Term Loans and other Obligations outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement shall be governed by and deemed to be outstanding under the amended and restated terms and conditions contained herein, with the intent that the terms hereof shall supersede the terms of the Existing Credit Agreement (each of which shall hereafter have no further effect upon the parties thereto, other than for accrued interest, fees and expenses, and indemnification provisions accrued and owing under the terms of the Existing Credit Agreement on or prior to the date hereof or arising (in the case of an indemnification) under the terms of the Existing Credit Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged by the parties hereto, such parties hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Definitions.
The following terms when used in this Agreement shall have the meanings assigned to them below:
2015 Dividend Payment means the dividend or other distribution made to the holders of the Capital Stock of the Borrower on or after the Effective Date in an aggregate amount not to exceed $50,000,000.
Additional Incremental Term Loan has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.
Additional Incremental Term Loan Commitment means (a) as to any Term Loan Lender, the obligation of such Term Loan Lender to make a portion of the Additional Incremental Term Loan to the account of the Borrower hereunder on the Effective Date in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the amount set forth opposite such Term Loan Lenders name under the heading Additional Incremental Term Loan Commitment on Part C of Schedule 1.1(a) hereto and (b) as to all Term Loan Lenders, the aggregate commitment of all Term Loan Lenders to make such Additional Incremental Term Loans. The aggregate principal amount of the Additional Incremental Term Loan Commitment of all Term Loan Lenders on the Effective Date is $39,996,794.88.
Administrative Agent means Wells Fargo, in its capacity as Administrative Agent hereunder, and any successor thereto appointed pursuant to Section 11.6.
Administrative Agents Office means the office of the Administrative Agent specified in or determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 12.1(c).
Administrative Questionnaire means an administrative questionnaire in a form supplied by the Administrative Agent.
Affiliate means, with respect to any Person, any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Borrower) which directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such first Person or any of its Subsidiaries. The term control means (a) the power to vote ten percent (10%) or more of the securities or other equity interests of a Person having ordinary voting power, or (b) the possession, directly or indirectly, of any other power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. The terms controlling and controlled have meanings correlative thereto.
Agreement means the Existing Credit Agreement, as amended and restated hereby and as further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
Applicable Law means all applicable provisions of constitutions, laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, treaties, regulations, permits, licenses, approvals, interpretations and orders of courts or Governmental Authorities and all orders and decrees of all courts and arbitrators.
Applicable Margin means the corresponding percentages per annum as set forth below based on the Consolidated Leverage Ratio:
Pricing |
Consolidated Leverage |
Commitment Fee |
LIBOR + |
Base Rate + |
||||||||||
I |
Less than 4.00 to 1.00 | 0.375 | % | 2.50 | % | 1.50 | % | |||||||
II |
Greater than or equal to 4.00 to 1.00, but less than 4.50 to 1.00 | 0.375 | % | 2.75 | % | 1.75 | % | |||||||
III |
Greater than or equal to 4.50 to 1.00, but less than 5.00 to 1.00 | 0.50 | % | 3.00 | % | 2.00 | % | |||||||
IV |
Greater than or equal to 5.00 to 1.00 | 0.50 | % | 3.25 | % | 2.25 | % |
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The Applicable Margin shall be determined and adjusted quarterly on the date (each a Calculation Date) ten (10) Business Days after the day by which the Borrower is required to provide an Officers Compliance Certificate pursuant to Section 8.2(a) for the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower; provided that (a) (i) beginning on the last Calculation Date that occurred prior to the Effective Date, and ending on the day immediately prior to the Effective Date, the Applicable Margin shall be calculated based on the terms of the Existing Credit Agreement and (ii) from and after the Effective Date, the Applicable Margin shall be based on Pricing Level IV until the first Calculation Date occurring after the first full fiscal quarter following the Effective Date and, thereafter, the Applicable Margin shall be determined by reference to the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower preceding the applicable Calculation Date, and (b) if the Borrower fails to provide the Officers Compliance Certificate as required by Section 8.2(a) for the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower preceding the applicable Calculation Date, the Applicable Margin from such Calculation Date shall be based on Pricing Level IV until such time as an appropriate Officers Compliance Certificate is provided, at which time the Pricing Level shall be determined by reference to the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower preceding such Calculation Date. The Applicable Margin shall be effective from one Calculation Date until the next Calculation Date. Any adjustment in the Applicable Margin shall be applicable to all Extensions of Credit then existing or subsequently made or issued.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any financial statement or Officers Compliance Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 8.1 or 8.2(a) is shown to be inaccurate (regardless of whether (i) this Agreement is in effect, (ii) the Revolving Credit Commitments are in effect, or (iii) any Extension of Credit is outstanding when such inaccuracy is discovered or such financial statement or Officers Compliance Certificate was delivered), and such inaccuracy, if corrected, would have led to the application of a higher Applicable Margin for any period (an Applicable Period) than the Applicable Margin applied for such Applicable Period, then (A) the Borrower shall immediately deliver to the Administrative Agent a corrected Officers Compliance Certificate for such Applicable Period, (B) the Applicable Margin for such Applicable Period shall be determined as if the Consolidated Leverage Ratio in the corrected Officers Compliance Certificate were applicable for such Applicable Period, and (C) the Borrower shall immediately and retroactively be obligated to pay to the Administrative Agent the accrued additional interest and fees owing as a result of such increased Applicable Margin for such Applicable Period, which payment shall be promptly applied by the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 5.4. Nothing in this paragraph shall limit the rights of the Administrative Agent and Lenders with respect to Sections 5.1(c) and 10.2 nor any of their other rights under this Agreement. The Borrowers obligations under this paragraph shall survive the termination of the Commitments and the repayment of all other Obligations hereunder.
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Approved Fund means any Fund that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender.
Arrangers means, collectively, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Regions Bank and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, in their capacities as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners.
Asset Disposition means the disposition of any or all of the assets (including, without limitation, any Capital Stock owned thereby) of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, whether by sale, lease, transfer or otherwise, and any issuance of Capital Stock by any Subsidiary of the Borrower to any Person that is not a Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof. The term Asset Disposition shall not include (a) any Equity Issuance, (b) the sale of inventory in the ordinary course of business, (c) the transfer of assets to the Borrower or any Guarantor pursuant to any other transaction permitted pursuant to Section 9.4, (d) the write-off, discount, sale or other disposition of defaulted or past-due receivables and similar obligations in the ordinary course of business and not undertaken as part of an accounts receivable financing transaction, (e) the disposition of any Hedge Agreement, (f) dispositions of Investments in cash and Cash Equivalents and (g) (i) the transfer by any Credit Party of its assets to any other Credit Party, (ii) the transfer by any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary of its assets to any Credit Party and (iii) the transfer by any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary of its assets to any other Non-Guarantor Subsidiary.
Assignment and Assumption means an assignment and assumption entered into by a Lender and an assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 12.10), and accepted by the Administrative Agent, in substantially the form attached as Exhibit G or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent.
Attributable Indebtedness means, on any date of determination, in respect of any Capital Lease of any Person, the capitalized amount thereof that would appear on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date in accordance with GAAP.
Available Amount means, at any date of determination (the applicable Available Amount Reference Date), an amount equal to, without duplication:
(x) the sum of:
(i) the cumulative amount of Excess Cash Flow (which amount shall not be less than zero) for all Fiscal Years (or portions thereof) of the Borrower completed after the Effective Date and prior to the Available Amount Reference Date with respect to which a Compliance Certificate has been delivered to the Administrative Agent minus the portion of such Excess Cash Flow that has been (or will be) applied after the Effective Date and prior to the Available Amount Reference Date to the prepayment of Loans in accordance with Section 4.4(b)(v); plus
(ii) the cumulative amount of Net Cash Proceeds of any issuance of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Capital Stock, Cure Amounts and Capital Stock issued by the Borrower in the IPO) received by the Borrower after the Effective Date and prior to the Available Amount Reference Date; plus
4
(iii) (A) the aggregate amount of Net Cash Proceeds received by the Borrower in cash after the Effective Date from the Disposition of any Investment to the extent not required to be used to prepay the Obligations, plus (B) returns, profits, distributions and similar amounts received in cash after the Effective Date to the extent not included or includable in Consolidated EBITDA, in each instance in (A) and (B) on or in respect of Investments to the extent such Investment was originally funded with and in reliance on the Available Amount; plus
(iv) $4,000,000;
minus:
(y) the sum of:
(i) the aggregate amount of Investments made in reliance on the Available Amount pursuant to Section 9.3(t) and Section 9.3(q)(ii), in each case, after the Effective Date and on or prior to the Available Amount Reference Date; plus
(ii) the aggregate amount of Restricted Payments made in reliance on the Available Amount pursuant to Section 9.6(h) after the Effective Date and on or prior to the Available Amount Reference Date.
Available Amount Reference Date has the meaning set forth in the definition of Available Amount.
Base Rate means, at any time, the highest of (a) the Prime Rate, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% and (c) except during any period of time during which a notice delivered to the Borrower under Section 5.8 shall remain in effect, LIBOR for an Interest Period of one month plus 1%; each change in the Base Rate shall take effect simultaneously with the corresponding change or changes in the Prime Rate, the Federal Funds Rate or LIBOR.
Base Rate Loan means any Loan bearing interest at a rate based upon the Base Rate as provided in Section 5.1(a).
Borrower means Wing Stop Holding Corporation, a Georgia corporation.
Business Day means (a) for all purposes other than as set forth in clause (b) below, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday on which banks in New York, New York are open for the conduct of their commercial banking business, and (b) with respect to all notices and determinations in connection with, and payments of principal and interest on, any LIBOR Rate Loan, or any Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is determined by reference to LIBOR, any day that is a Business Day described in clause (a) and that is also a day for trading by and between banks in Dollar deposits in the London interbank market.
5
Calculation Date has the meaning assigned thereto in the definition of Applicable Margin.
Capital Expenditures means, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for any period, the aggregate of all expenditures of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period that in accordance with GAAP would be classified as capital expenditures, net of (i) any Net Cash Proceeds received from Asset Dispositions or Insurance and Condemnation Events that have been reinvested during such period pursuant to Section 4.4(b)(iii) or (iv), (ii) any expenditures financed with any Net Cash Proceeds from any Equity Issuance or with any Net Cash Proceeds from Debt Issuances or Equity Issuances not required to be made as a prepayment pursuant to Section 4.4(b)(i) or (ii), (iii) any expenditures made pursuant to a Permitted Acquisition or, to the extent included therein, any Permitted Acquisition Consideration and (iv) any expenditures that are made pursuant to Investments made in accordance with Section 9.3(q); provided that Capital Expenditures shall not be less than zero.
Capital Lease means any lease of any property by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, as lessee, that should, in accordance with GAAP, be classified and accounted for as a capital lease on a Consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any obligations of a Person under a lease (whether existing now or entered into in the future) that is not (or would not be) a Capital Lease under GAAP as in effect on the Closing Date shall not be treated as a Capital Lease solely as a result of the adoption after the Closing Date of changes in GAAP described in the Proposed Accounting Standards Update to Leases (Topic 840) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on August 17, 2010 (as the same may be amended from time to time) or any changes in GAAP arising therefrom or similar changes.
Capital Stock means (a) in the case of a corporation, capital stock, (b) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock, (c) in the case of a partnership, partnership interests (whether general or limited), (d) in the case of a limited liability company, membership interests, (e) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person and (f) any and all warrants, rights or options to purchase any of the foregoing.
Cash Collateralize means to deposit in a Controlled Account or to pledge and deposit with or deliver to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of one or more of the Issuing Lender or the Lenders, as collateral for L/C Obligations or obligations of the Lenders to fund participations in respect of L/C Obligations, cash or deposit account balances or, if the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender shall agree, in their sole discretion, other credit support, in each case pursuant to documentation in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender. Cash Collateral shall have a meaning correlative to the foregoing and shall include the proceeds of such Cash Collateral and other credit support.
Cash Equivalents means, collectively, (a) marketable direct obligations issued or unconditionally guaranteed by the United States or any agency thereof maturing within one hundred eighty (180) days from the date of acquisition thereof, (b) commercial paper maturing
6
no more than one hundred eighty (180) days from the date of creation thereof and currently having the highest rating obtainable from either S&P or Moodys, (c) certificates of deposit maturing no more than one hundred eighty (180) days from the date of creation thereof issued by commercial banks incorporated under the laws of the United States, each having combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of not less than $500,000,000 and having a rating of A or better by a nationally recognized rating agency; provided that the aggregate amount invested in such certificates of deposit shall not at any time exceed $5,000,000 for any one such certificate of deposit and $10,000,000 for any one such bank, or (d) time deposits maturing no more than thirty (30) days from the date of creation thereof with commercial banks or savings banks or savings and loan associations each having membership either in the FDIC or the deposits of which are insured by the FDIC and in amounts not exceeding the maximum amounts of insurance thereunder.
Cash Management Agreement means any agreement to provide cash management services, including treasury, depository, overdraft, credit or debit card, electronic funds transfer and other cash management arrangements.
Cash Management Bank means (a) any Person that, at the time it enters into a Cash Management Agreement, is a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender, the Administrative Agent or an Affiliate of the Administrative Agent and (b) any Lender on the Closing Date or an Affiliate of such Lender, in each case, that is party to a Cash Management Agreement in existence on the Closing Date, in each case, in its capacity as a party to such Cash Management Agreement.
Change in Control means an event or series of events by which:
(a) prior to an IPO, Sponsor, directly or indirectly through one or more of its Controlled Investment Affiliates, at any time fails to own beneficially, directly or indirectly through one of its Controlled Investment Affiliates, more than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding voting Capital Stock of the Borrower or, in any event, Capital Stock representing voting control of the Borrower; or
(b) after an IPO, (i) any person or group (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act, but excluding any employee benefit plan of such Person or its Subsidiaries, and any Person acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator of any such plan) other than Sponsor (directly or indirectly through one or more of its Controlled Investment Affiliates), directly or indirectly, beneficially owns (as defined in Rules 13(d)-3 and 13(d)-5 under the Exchange Act, except that a person or group shall be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all Capital Stock that such person or group has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time (such right, an option right)) more than the greater of (x) thirty-five percent (35%) of the issued and outstanding voting Capital Stock of the Borrower and (y) the percentage of the issued and outstanding voting Capital Stock of the Borrower owned beneficially, directly or indirectly, by Sponsor (directly or indirectly through one or more of its Controlled Investment Affiliates), or (ii) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors (or other equivalent governing body) of the Borrower ceases to constitute Continuing Directors.
7
Change in Law means the occurrence, after the Closing Date, of any of the following: (a) the adoption or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty, (b) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or (c) the making or issuance of any request, rule, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority; provided that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith and (ii) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a Change in Law, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.
Class means, when used in reference to any Loan, whether such Loan is a Revolving Credit Loan or Term Loan and, when used in reference to any Commitment, whether such Commitment is a Revolving Credit Commitment or a Term Loan Commitment.
Closing Date means December 15, 2011.
Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, each as amended or modified from time to time.
Collateral means the collateral security for the Secured Obligations pledged or granted pursuant to the Security Documents.
Commitment Fee has the meaning set forth in Section 5.3(a).
Commitment Percentage means, as to any Lender, such Lenders Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage or Term Loan Percentage, as applicable.
Commitments means, collectively, as to all Lenders, the Revolving Credit Commitments and the Term Loan Commitments of such Lenders.
Commodity Exchange Act means the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. § 1 et seq.).
Consolidated means, when used with reference to financial statements or financial statement items of any Person, such statements or items on a consolidated basis in accordance with applicable principles of consolidation under GAAP.
Consolidated EBITDA means, for any period, the sum of the following determined on a Consolidated basis, without duplication, for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP: (a) Consolidated Net Income for such period plus (b) the sum of the following, without duplication, and (except in the case of clause (xiii) below) to the extent deducted in determining Consolidated Net Income for such period: (i) income and franchise tax expense for such period, (ii) interest expense for such period, (iii) amortization, depreciation and other non-cash charges for such period, including, without limitation, any non-cash loss or expense due to the application of FAS No. 106 regarding post-retirement benefits, FAS No. 133 regarding impairment of goodwill, FAS No. 150 regarding accounting for financial instruments with debt
8
and equity characteristics and non-cash expenses deducted as a result of any grant of Capital Stock to employees, officers or directors (except to the extent that such non-cash charges are reserved for cash charges to be taken in the future), (iv) any extraordinary losses during such period, (v) all management fees and out-of-pocket expenses pursuant to the Management Agreement for such period (and, in any event, all management fees and out-of-pocket expenses payable pursuant to the Management Agreement (as in effect on the Effective Date) upon termination thereof), (vi) directors fees and out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending board of director meetings not to exceed $350,000 during any four (4) consecutive fiscal quarter period, (vii) costs and expenses incurred in connection with Permitted Acquisitions and other permitted Investments, Restricted Payments, Equity Issuances and Asset Dispositions for such period, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,750,000 for any four (4) consecutive fiscal quarter period, (viii) Transaction Costs for such period incurred in connection with the Transactions, (ix) pre-opening expenses for restaurants owned or operated by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period, (x) non-recurring charges for such period that are reasonably approved by the Administrative Agent, (xi) (A) severance, relocation and other related costs during such period, (B) duplicative costs related to hiring a new chief executive officer and retaining the outgoing chief executive officer during such period and (C) any charges, losses or expenses related to signing or recruiting costs during such period; provided that the aggregate amount added back pursuant to this clause (xi) for any four (4) consecutive fiscal quarter period shall not exceed $2,000,000 in the aggregate, (xii) any loss related to the Merger Agreement Earn Out Payment for such period, (xiii) to the extent not included in Consolidated Net Income for such period, fee income collected by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries from the sale or license of franchise or development rights to a foreign country or territory during such period, (xiv) expenses incurred in connection with or in preparation for the IPO (whether or not the IPO is consummated) for such period, together with expenses incurred in connection with or preparation for future public offerings of the Borrowers Capital Stock other than through the IPO (whether or not consummated and whether or not offered by the Borrower) during such period, (xv) the amount of any Restricted Payment permitted hereunder made by Borrower (or any parent thereof), and (xvi) non-recurring expenses incurred in such period in connection with achieving compliance with laws and regulations applicable to public companies, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and expenses incurred in converting to PCAOB auditing standards and SEC guidance or regulations, including SEC staff accounting positions and related interpretations, applicable to public companies during such period, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000, plus or minus (as applicable) (c) adjustments to reflect rent expense on a cash basis for such period minus (d) the sum of the following, without duplication, to the extent included in determining Consolidated Net Income for such period: (i) any extraordinary gains during such period, (ii) any gain related to the Merger Agreement Earn Out Payment for such period, and (iii) to the extent included in the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA in a prior period pursuant to (b)(xiii) above, fee income realized by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in such period from the sale or license of franchise or development rights to a foreign country or territory in a prior period. For purposes of this Agreement, Consolidated EBITDA shall be adjusted on a Pro Forma Basis.
Consolidated EBITDAR means, for any period, the sum of (i) Consolidated EBITDA of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period plus (ii) Consolidated Rental Expense for such period. For purposes of this Agreement, Consolidated EBITDAR shall be adjusted on a Pro Forma Basis.
9
Consolidated Fixed Charges means, for any period, the sum of the following determined on a Consolidated basis for such period, without duplication, for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP: (a) Consolidated Interest Expense plus (b) scheduled principal payments with respect to Funded Indebtedness.
Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of (a) the sum of (i) Consolidated EBITDA for the period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters ending on or immediately prior to such date less (ii) Consolidated Maintenance Capital Expenditures for such period less (iii) federal, state, local and foreign income taxes paid in cash during such period less (iv) fees pursuant to the Management Agreement paid during such period (other than any management fees payable upon termination of the Management Agreement in accordance with Section 9.8(c)(x)(ii)) to (b) Consolidated Fixed Charges for the period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters ending on or immediately prior to such date.
Consolidated Funded Indebtedness means Funded Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a Consolidated basis determined in accordance with GAAP.
Consolidated Growth Capital Expenditures means, for any period, (a) any Capital Expenditures relating to the construction or opening after the Closing Date of new restaurants owned or operated by Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or the remodeling of restaurants owned or operated by Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries less (b) any capitalized interest expense with respect to expenditures described in the foregoing clause (a).
Consolidated Interest Expense means, for any period, cash interest expense (including, without limitation, imputed interest expense in respect of Capital Leases and all net payment obligations pursuant to Hedge Agreements), net of cash interest income, of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period, in each case, as determined on a Consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, (i) paid in kind interest expense and other amounts of non-cash interest, (ii) non-cash interest expense attributable to the movement of the mark-to-market valuation of obligations under Hedge Agreements or other derivative instruments entered into for the purpose of hedging interest rate risk pursuant to FASB ASC 815-10 and (iii) amortization of deferred financing costs, debt issuance costs, commissions, discounts fees and expenses incurred to consummate the Transactions.
Consolidated Leverage Ratio means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of (a) the sum of (i) Consolidated Funded Indebtedness as of such date less (ii) unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents on the Consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount not to exceed $2,000,000 as of such date plus (iii) the product of Consolidated Rental Expense for the period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters ending on or immediately prior to such date multiplied by eight (8) to (b) Consolidated EBITDAR for the period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters ending on or immediately prior to such date.
Consolidated Maintenance Capital Expenditures means, for any period, (a) any Capital Expenditures that are not Consolidated Growth Capital Expenditures, less, without duplication, (b) any capitalized interest expense included in Consolidated Interest Expense with respect to such Capital Expenditures.
10
Consolidated Net Income means, for any period, the net income (or loss) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period, determined on a Consolidated basis, without duplication, in accordance with GAAP; provided, that in calculating Consolidated Net Income of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for any period, there shall be excluded (a) the net income (or loss) of any Person, in which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries has a joint interest with a third party, except to the extent such net income is actually paid in cash to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries by dividend or other distribution during such period and (b) the net income (if positive) of any Subsidiary to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Subsidiary to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of such net income (i) is not at the time permitted by operation of the terms of its charter or any agreement, instrument, judgment, decree, order, statute, rule or governmental regulation applicable to such Subsidiary or (ii) would be subject to any taxes payable on such dividends or distributions, but in each case only to the extent of such prohibition or taxes.
Consolidated Rental Expense means, for any period, all rental expense for such period (determined on a cash basis) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a Consolidated basis.
Continuing Directors means the directors of the Borrower on the Effective Date and each other director of the Borrower, if, in each case, such other directors nomination for election to the board of directors (or equivalent governing body) of the Borrower is recommended by at least a majority of the then Continuing Directors.
Contractual Obligation means, as to any Person, any provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound.
Controlled Account means each deposit account and securities account that is subject to an account control agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender or is maintained with the Administrative Agent.
Controlled Investment Affiliates means, with respect to Sponsor, any fund or investment vehicle that (i) is organized by such Person for the purpose of making investments in one or more companies and is controlled by such Person or (ii) has the same principal fund advisor or manager as such Person or an Affiliate of such advisor or manager. For purposes of this definition control means the power to direct or cause the direction of management and policies of a Person, whether by contract or otherwise.
Credit Facility means, collectively, the Revolving Credit Facility, the Term Loan Facility and the L/C Facility.
Credit Parties means, collectively, the Borrower and the Guarantors.
Cure Amount has the meaning set forth in Section 9.14(c).
Cure Right has the meaning set forth in Section 9.14(c).
Current Assets means, at any time, the consolidated current assets (other than cash and Cash Equivalents) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
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Current Liabilities means, at any time, the consolidated current liabilities of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries at such time including the current and long-term portions of deferred rent and deferred lease incentives, but excluding, without duplication, (a) the current portion of any long-term Indebtedness and (b) outstanding Revolving Loans.
Debt Issuance means the issuance of any Indebtedness for borrowed money by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries.
Debtor Relief Laws means the Bankruptcy Code of the United States of America, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief Laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect.
Default means any of the events specified in Section 10.1 which, with the passage of time, the giving of notice or any other condition, would constitute an Event of Default.
Defaulting Lender means, subject to Section 5.14(b), any Lender that (a) has failed to (i) fund all or any portion of the Revolving Credit Loans, the Term Loan or participations in L/C Obligations required to be funded by it hereunder within two Business Days of the date such Loans or participations were required to be funded hereunder unless such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower in writing that such failure is the result of such Lenders reasonable determination that one or more conditions precedent to funding (each of which conditions precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing) has not been satisfied, or (ii) pay to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or any other Lender any other amount required to be paid by it hereunder (including in respect of its participation in Letters of Credit) within two Business Days of the date when due, (b) has notified the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or has made a public statement to that effect (unless such writing or public statement relates to such Lenders obligation to fund a Loan hereunder and states that such position is based on such Lenders reasonable determination that a condition precedent to funding (which condition precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing or public statement) cannot be satisfied), (c) has failed, within three Business Days after written request by the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, to confirm in writing to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that it will comply with its prospective funding obligations hereunder (provided that such Lender shall cease to be a Defaulting Lender pursuant to this clause (c) upon receipt of such written confirmation by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower), or (d) has, or has a direct or indirect parent company that has, (i) become the subject of a proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, or (ii) had appointed for it a receiver, custodian, conservator, trustee, administrator, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation of its business or assets, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other state or federal regulatory authority acting in such a capacity; provided that a Lender shall not be a Defaulting Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any equity interest in that Lender or any direct or indirect parent company thereof by a Governmental Authority so long as such ownership interest does not result in or provide such Lender with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the United States or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permit such Lender (or such Governmental Authority) to reject, repudiate, disavow or
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disaffirm any contracts or agreements made with such Lender. Any determination by the Administrative Agent or the Borrower that a Lender is a Defaulting Lender under clauses (a) through (d) above shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error, and such Lender shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender (subject to Section 5.14(b)) upon delivery of written notice of such determination to the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, the Issuing Lender and each Lender.
Disqualified Capital Stock means any Capital Stock that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security or other Capital Stock into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable) or upon the happening of any event or condition, (a) matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Qualified Capital Stock), pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise (except as a result of a change of control or asset sale so long as any rights of the holders thereof upon the occurrence of a change of control or asset sale event shall be subject to the prior repayment in full of the Loans and all other Obligations that are accrued and payable and the termination of the Commitments), (b) is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof (other than solely for Qualified Capital Stock and other than any such option, the exercise of which is subject to the consent or approval of the requisite Lenders under this Agreement) (except as a result of a change of control or asset sale so long as any rights of the holders thereof upon the occurrence of a change of control or asset sale event shall be subject to the prior repayment in full of the Loans and all other Obligations that are accrued and payable and the termination of the Commitments), in whole or in part, (c) provides for the scheduled payment of dividends in cash or (d) is or becomes convertible into or exchangeable for Indebtedness or any other Capital Stock that would constitute Disqualified Capital Stock, in the case of each of clauses (a) through (d) above, prior to the date that is 91 days after the Term Loan Maturity Date or the Revolving Credit Maturity Date; provided that if such Capital Stock is issued pursuant to a plan for the benefit of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries or by any such plan to such employees, such Capital Stock shall not constitute Disqualified Capital Stock solely because it may be required to be repurchased by the Borrower or its Subsidiaries in order to satisfy applicable statutory or regulatory obligations.
Dividend Payment means the dividend made to the shareholders of the Borrower on the Second Amendment Effective Date in an amount not to exceed $38,528,417.50.
Dollars or $ means, unless otherwise qualified, dollars in lawful currency of the United States.
Domestic Subsidiary means any Subsidiary organized under the laws of any political subdivision of the United States.
Earn Out Obligations means, with respect to an acquisition, all obligations of the Borrower or any Subsidiary to make earn out or other contingency payments (including purchase price adjustments (other than working capital adjustments) and non-competition and consulting agreements entered into in connection with such acquisition, but excluding indemnity obligations) pursuant to the documentation relating to such acquisition. The amount of any Earn Out Obligations at the time of determination shall be the aggregate amount, if any, of such Earn Out Obligations that are required at such time under GAAP to be recognized as liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
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Effective Date means March 18, 2015.
Eligible Assignee means any Person that meets the requirements to be an assignee under Section 12.10(b)(iii), (v) and (vi) (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under Section 12.10(b)(iii)).
Employee Benefit Plan means any employee benefit plan within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA that is maintained for employees of any Credit Party.
Environmental Claims means any and all administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, accusations, allegations, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigations (other than internal reports prepared by any Person in the ordinary course of business and not in response to any third party action or request of any kind) or proceedings relating in any way to any actual or alleged violation of or liability under any Environmental Law or relating to any permit issued, or any approval given, under any such Environmental Law, including, without limitation, any and all claims by Governmental Authorities for enforcement, cleanup, removal, response, remedial or other actions or damages, contribution, indemnification cost recovery, compensation or injunctive relief resulting from Hazardous Materials or arising from alleged injury or threat of injury to human health or the environment.
Environmental Laws means any and all federal, foreign, state, provincial and local laws, statutes, ordinances, codes, rules, standards and regulations, permits, licenses, approvals, interpretations and orders of courts or Governmental Authorities, relating to the protection of human health or the environment, including, but not limited to, requirements pertaining to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transportation, handling, reporting, licensing, permitting, investigation or remediation of Hazardous Materials.
Equity Issuance means (a) any issuance by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof to any Person that is not a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof of (i) shares of its Capital Stock, (ii) any shares of its Capital Stock pursuant to the exercise of options or warrants or (iii) any shares of its Capital Stock pursuant to the conversion of any debt securities to equity and (b) any capital contribution from any Person that is not a Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof into any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof. The term Equity Issuance shall not include (A) any Asset Disposition or (B) any Debt Issuance.
ERISA means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and the rules and regulations thereunder, each as amended or modified from time to time.
ERISA Affiliate means any Person who together with a Credit Party is treated as a single employer within the meaning of Code Section 414(b) or (c) of the Code (and, for purposes of Section 302 of ERISA and each applicable section under Section 414(t)(2) of the Code, within the meaning of Section 414(m) or (o) of the Code) or Section 4001(b) of ERISA.
Eurodollar Reserve Percentage means, for any day, the percentage (expressed as a decimal) which is in effect for such day as prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (or any successor) for determining the maximum reserve requirement (including, without limitation, any basic, supplemental or emergency reserves) in respect of eurocurrency liabilities or any similar category of liabilities for a member bank of the Federal Reserve System in New York City.
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Event of Default means any of the events specified in Section 10.1; provided that any requirement for passage of time, giving of notice, or any other condition, has been satisfied.
Excess Cash Flow means, for any fiscal year (or, for the fiscal year ending December 26, 2015, the period beginning on March 29, 2015 and ending on December 26, 2015) of the Borrower, the excess of:
(a) the sum, without duplication, of:
(i) Consolidated Net Income for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such fiscal year (or portion thereof),
(ii) amortization, depreciation and other non-cash charges for such fiscal year (or portion thereof), including, without limitation, any non-cash loss or expense due to the application of FAS No. 106 regarding post-retirement benefits, FAS No. 133 regarding impairment of goodwill, FAS No. 150 regarding accounting for financial instruments with debt and equity characteristics and non-cash expenses deducted as a result of any grant of Capital Stock to employees, officers or directors, to the extent deducted in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income, but excluding any such non-cash charges representing an accrual or reserve for potential cash items in any future fiscal year and excluding amortization of a prepaid cash item that was paid in a prior fiscal year,
(iii) an amount equal to the aggregate net non-cash losses on Asset Dispositions by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) (other than Asset Dispositions in the ordinary course of business) to the extent deducted in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income,
(iv) reductions to working capital of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such fiscal year (or portion thereof) (i.e., the decrease, if any, in Current Assets minus Current Liabilities from the beginning to the end of such fiscal year (or portion thereof), excluding cash and Cash Equivalents, advertising fund assets and liabilities and the current portion of Indebtedness),
(v) expenses deducted from Consolidated Net Income during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) in respect of expenditures made during any prior fiscal year (or portion thereof) for which a deduction from Excess Cash Flow was made in such fiscal year (or portion thereof) pursuant to clause (b)(viii) or (ix) below, and
(vi) cash income or gain (actually received in cash) excluded from the calculation of Consolidated Net Income for such fiscal year (or portion thereof) pursuant to the definition thereof (other than in respect of Asset Dispositions to the extent the Borrower and its Subsidiaries are permitted to reinvest such proceeds or are required to prepay the Term Loans with such proceeds, in each case, pursuant to Section 4.4(b)), over
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(b) the sum, without duplication, of:
(i) Capital Expenditures made in cash during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) to the extent not deducted in determining Consolidated Net Income for such fiscal year (or portion thereof), except to the extent financed with the Net Cash Proceeds of any Debt Issuance or Equity Issuance,
(ii) permanent repayments of Indebtedness made in cash by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) (including (A) payments of Attributable Indebtedness in respect of Capital Leases, (B) the amount of each scheduled principal installment under Section 4.3 and (C) the amount of any mandatory prepayment of Term Loans pursuant to Section 4.4(b) (other than Section 4.4(b)(v)), but excluding (1) all other prepayments of Loans, (2) all prepayments in respect of revolving credit facilities except to the extent there is an equivalent permanent reduction of commitments thereunder and (3) any such prepayment financed with the proceeds of Debt Issuances or Equity Issuances of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries or otherwise other than with internally generated cash flow of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries),
(iii) additions to working capital of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such fiscal year (or portion thereof) (i.e., the increase, if any, in Current Assets minus Current Liabilities from the beginning to the end of such fiscal year (or portion thereof), excluding cash and Cash Equivalents, advertising fund assets and liabilities and the current portion of Indebtedness),
(iv) amounts paid in cash with respect to (A) Permitted Acquisitions and (B) Investments made in accordance with Section 9.3(q) and Section 9.3(s), except with the Net Cash Proceeds of any Debt Issuance or Equity Issuance during such fiscal year (or portion thereof),
(v) an amount equal to the amount of all non-cash gains, income and credits included in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income (excluding any such non-cash gain, income or credit to the extent it represents the reversal of an accrual or reserve for a potential cash item that reduced Consolidated Net Income in any prior fiscal year (or portion thereof)),
(vi) cash payments by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) in respect of long-term liabilities or obligations other than Indebtedness to the extent such payments are not expensed during such period or are not deducted in calculating Consolidated Net Income except to the extent financed with the proceeds of Debt Issuances (excluding the Revolving Credit Facility and any revolving lines of credit), Equity Issuances, or, to the extent such proceeds were not included in clause (a) above for such fiscal year (or portion thereof) or a prior fiscal year, Net Cash Proceeds of Asset Dispositions,
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(vii) the amount of Restricted Payments paid in cash during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) pursuant to Sections 9.6(a), 9.6(e), 9.6(f) and 9.6(g), except to the extent financed with the proceeds of Debt Issuances (excluding the Revolving Credit Facility and any revolving lines of credit), Equity Issuances, or, to the extent such proceeds were not included in clause (a) above for such fiscal year (or portion thereof) or a prior fiscal year, Net Cash Proceeds of Asset Dispositions,
(viii) without duplication of amounts deducted from Excess Cash Flow in any prior fiscal year (or portion thereof), the aggregate consideration required to be paid in cash by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries pursuant to binding contracts (the Contract Consideration) entered into prior to or during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) relating to Permitted Acquisitions (including with respect to any Earnout Obligations thereunder for the period under which such Earnout Obligations are payable), Capital Expenditures or acquisitions of intellectual property or other assets to be consummated or made during the period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower following the end of such fiscal year (or portion thereof); provided that, to the extent the aggregate amount of cash (except to the extent financed with the proceeds of Debt Issuances (excluding the Revolving Credit Facility and any revolving lines of credit), Equity Issuances, or, to the extent such proceeds were not included in clause (a) above for such fiscal year (or portion thereof) or a prior fiscal year, Net Cash Proceeds of Asset Dispositions) actually utilized to finance such Permitted Acquisitions, Capital Expenditures or acquisitions of intellectual property or other assets during such period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters is less than the Contract Consideration, the amount of such shortfall shall be added to the calculation of Excess Cash Flow at the end of such period of four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters, and
(ix) the amount of the Merger Agreement Earn Out Payment paid during such fiscal year (or portion thereof).
Exchange Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Excluded Accounts means (i) any deposit account that is used solely for holding marketing or advertising funds for Franchisees pursuant to Franchise Agreements, (ii) any deposit account that is used solely for payment of payroll, other wage and benefit payments and related expenses, (iii) any deposit account that is a fiduciary account and (iv) to the extent having an aggregate balance at any time not in excess of $750,000, other deposit accounts.
Excluded Swap Obligation means, with respect to any Credit Party, any Swap Obligation if, and to the extent that, all or a portion of the liability of such Credit Party for or the guarantee of such Credit Party of, or the grant by such Credit Party of a security interest to secure, such Swap Obligation (or any liability or guarantee thereof) is or becomes illegal under
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the Commodity Exchange Act or any rule, regulation or order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (or the application or official interpretation of any thereof) by virtue of such Credit Partys failure for any reason to constitute an eligible contract participant as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations thereunder at the time the liability for or the guarantee of such Credit Party or the grant of such security interest becomes effective with respect to such Swap Obligation (such determination being made after giving effect to any applicable keepwell, support or other agreement for the benefit of the applicable Credit Party, including Section 13.8 hereof). If a Swap Obligation arises under a master agreement governing more than one swap, such exclusion shall apply only to the portion of such Swap Obligation that is attributable to swaps for which such guarantee or security interest is or becomes illegal for the reasons identified in the immediately preceding sentence of this definition.
Excluded Taxes means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to a Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient: (a) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes, and branch profits Taxes, in each case, (i) imposed as a result of such Recipient being organized under the laws of, or having its principal office or, in the case of any Lender, its applicable lending office located in, the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (or any political subdivision thereof) or (ii) that are Other Connection Taxes, (b) in the case of a Foreign Lender, U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan or Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender acquires such interest in the Loan or Commitment (other than pursuant to an assignment request by the Borrower under Section 5.12(b)) or (ii) such Lender changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 5.11(a), amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lenders assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office, (c) Taxes attributable to such Recipients failure (other than as a result of a Change in Law) to comply with Section 5.11(f) and (d) any U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA.
Existing Credit Agreement has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto.
Existing Lenders has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto.
Existing Term Loan has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.
Existing Term Loan Commitment means (a) as to any Existing Lender, the obligation of such Existing Lender to make a portion of the Existing Term Loan pursuant to the Existing Credit Agreement prior to the Second Amendment Effective Date to the account of the Borrower hereunder in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the amount set forth opposite such Existing Lenders name under the heading Existing Term Loan Commitment on Part B of Schedule 1.1(a) hereto and (b) as to all Existing Lenders, the aggregate commitment of all Existing Lenders to make such Existing Term Loans. The Existing Term Loan Commitments were satisfied by the Existing Lenders on the Closing Date and the First Amendment Effective Date, as applicable. The total Existing Term Loan in the aggregate principal amount of $74,250,000 was advanced on the Closing Date and the First Amendment Effective Date, as applicable, thereby terminating the Existing Term Loan Commitments.
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Extensions of Credit means, as to any Lender at any time, (a) an amount equal to the sum of (i) the aggregate principal amount of all Revolving Credit Loans made by such Lender then outstanding, (ii) such Lenders Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of the L/C Obligations then outstanding and (iii) the aggregate principal amount of any Term Loan made by such Lender then outstanding, or (b) the making of any Loan or participation in any Letter of Credit by such Lender, as the context requires.
FATCA means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with) and any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof.
FDIC means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or any successor thereto.
Federal Funds Rate means, for any day, the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by federal funds brokers on such day (or, if such day is not a Business Day, for the immediately preceding Business Day), as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the Business Day next succeeding such day, provided that if such rate is not so published for any day which is a Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate shall be the average of the quotation for such day on such transactions received by the Administrative Agent from three Federal Funds brokers of recognized standing selected by the Administrative Agent.
Fee Letter means the separate fee letter agreement dated March 18, 2015 among the Borrower and the Administrative Agent. For the avoidance of doubt, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent hereby agree that the Fee Letter replaces and supersedes (i) the fee letter agreement dated November 18, 2013 among the Borrower and the Administrative Agent and (ii) the fee letter agreement dated November 18, 2014 among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.
First Amendment Effective Date means December 19, 2012.
First Tier Foreign Subsidiary means any Foreign Subsidiary owned directly by any Credit Party.
fiscal quarter means any of the quarterly accounting periods of the Credit Parties ending on the last Saturday in each calendar quarter.
fiscal year means any of the annual accounting periods of the Credit Parties ending on the last Saturday of each calendar year.
Foreign Lender means (a) if the Borrower is a U.S. Person, a Lender that is not a U.S. Person, and (b) if the Borrower is not a U.S. Person, a Lender that is resident or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than that in which the Borrower is resident for tax purposes.
Foreign Subsidiary means any Subsidiary that is not a Domestic Subsidiary.
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Franchise means a franchise (including any master franchises, development agreements, sub-franchises, seller-assisted marketing plans or licenses) of the WING-STOP® system for the development and operation of restaurants specializing in the sale of buffalo style chicken wings and complementary side dishes and beverages, among other food products, under the WING-STOP® brand and utilizing Intellectual Property owned by Wingstop Restaurants Inc. or any of its Affiliates.
Franchisee means any Person who purchased a Franchise from Wingstop Restaurants Inc., or who otherwise owns a Franchise.
Fronting Exposure means, at any time there is a Defaulting Lender, with respect to the Issuing Lender, such Defaulting Lenders Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of the outstanding L/C Obligations other than L/C Obligations as to which such Defaulting Lenders participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders or Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof.
Fund means any Person (other than a natural Person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its activities.
Funded Indebtedness means, as to any Person at a particular time, without duplication, all of the following, whether or not included as indebtedness or liabilities in accordance with GAAP:
(a) all obligations for borrowed money, whether current or long-term (including the Obligations), and all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, loan agreements or other similar instruments;
(b) all obligations arising in respect of reimbursement for drawings made under letters of credit (including standby and commercial), bankers acceptances, bank guaranties, surety bonds and similar instruments;
(c) all obligations in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than trade accounts payable in the ordinary course of business and, in each case, not past due for more than 90 days, unless subject to good faith dispute), but not including any Earn Out Obligations;
(d) the Attributable Indebtedness of Capital Leases;
(e) all obligations of such Person in respect of any Disqualified Capital Stock;
(f) all Funded Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of such Funded Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on, or payable out of the proceeds of production from, property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the obligations secured thereby have been assumed;
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(g) all Guaranty Obligations with respect to Funded Indebtedness of the types specified in clauses (a) through (f) above of another Person; and
(h) all Funded Indebtedness of the types referred to in clauses (a) through (g) above of any partnership or joint venture (other than a joint venture that is itself a corporation or limited liability company) in which such Person is a general partner or joint venturer, except to the extent such Funded Indebtedness is expressly made non-recourse to such Person.
Further Incremental Term Loan has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(c).
Further Incremental Term Loan Commitment has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(c).
GAAP means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or such other principles as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession in the United States, that are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination, consistently applied, without regard to the Proposed Accounting Standards Update to Leases (Topic 840) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on August 17, 2010 (as the same may be amended from time to time) or any change in GAAP arising therefrom or any similar change. From and after the Borrowers adoption thereof, GAAP shall be deemed to include PCAOB auditing standards and SEC guidance and regulations, including SEC staff accounting positions and related interpretations, applicable to public companies that are in effect from time to time and that are permitted or required by GAAP.
Governmental Approvals means all authorizations, consents, approvals, permits, licenses and exemptions of, registrations and filings with, and reports to, all Governmental Authorities.
Governmental Authority means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).
Guarantors means, collectively, all direct and indirect Wholly-Owned Domestic Subsidiaries of the Borrower identified as a Guarantor on the signature pages hereto and each other Person that joins as a Guarantor pursuant to Section 8.11; provided that the Inactive Companies are not, are not required to be and shall have no liabilities as, Guarantors.
Guaranty means the Guaranty made by the Guarantors in favor of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the other holders of the Obligations pursuant to Article XIII.
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Guaranty Obligation means, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, without duplication, any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any such Person pursuant to which such Person has directly or indirectly guaranteed any Indebtedness or other obligation of any other Person and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of any such Person (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, by agreement to keep well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay, or to maintain financial statement condition or otherwise) or (b) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part); provided, that the term Guaranty Obligation shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business.
Hazardous Materials means any substances or materials (a) which are or become defined as hazardous wastes, hazardous substances, pollutants, contaminants, chemical substances or mixtures or toxic substances under any Environmental Law, (b) which are toxic, explosive, corrosive, flammable, infectious, radioactive, carcinogenic, mutagenic or otherwise harmful to human health or the environment and are or become regulated by any Governmental Authority, (c) the presence of which require investigation or remediation under any Environmental Law or common law, (d) the discharge or emission or release of which requires a permit or license under any Environmental Law or other Governmental Approval, (e) which are deemed to constitute a nuisance or a trespass which pose a health or safety hazard to Persons or neighboring properties, (f) which consist of underground or aboveground storage tanks, whether empty, filled or partially filled with any substance, or (g) which contain, without limitation, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, urea formaldehyde foam insulation, petroleum hydrocarbons, petroleum derived substances or waste, crude oil, nuclear fuel, natural gas or synthetic gas.
Hedge Agreement means (a) any and all rate swap transactions, basis swaps, credit derivative transactions, forward rate transactions, commodity swaps, commodity options, forward commodity contracts, equity or equity index swaps or options, bond or bond price or bond index swaps or options or forward bond or forward bond price or forward bond index transactions, interest rate options, forward foreign exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor transactions, collar transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency rate swap transactions, currency options, spot contracts, or any other similar transactions or any combination of any of the foregoing (including any options to enter into any of the foregoing), whether or not any such transaction is governed by or subject to any master agreement, and (b) any and all transactions of any kind, and the related confirmations, which are subject to the terms and conditions of, or governed by, any form of master agreement published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc., any International Foreign Exchange Master Agreement, or any other master agreement, all as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
Hedge Bank means (a) any Person that, at the time it enters into a Hedge Agreement permitted under Article IX, is a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender, the Administrative Agent or an Affiliate of the Administrative Agent, (b) any Lender on the Closing Date or an Affiliate of such Lender, in each case, that is party to a Hedge Agreement permitted under Article IX in existence on the Closing Date, in each case, in its capacity as a party to such Hedge Agreement.
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Hedge Termination Value means, in respect of any one or more Hedge Agreements, after taking into account the effect of any legally enforceable netting agreement relating to such Hedge Agreements, (a) for any date on or after the date such Hedge Agreements have been closed out and termination value(s) determined in accordance therewith, such termination value(s), and (b) for any date prior to the date referenced in clause (a), the amount(s) determined as the mark-to-market value(s) for such Hedge Agreements, as determined based upon one or more mid-market or other readily available quotations provided by any recognized dealer in such Hedge Agreements (which may include a Lender or any Affiliate of a Lender).
Inactive Company means each of WRI Club 997, Inc., a Texas non-profit corporation, Wingstop Restaurants LLC, a Nevada limited liability company, Wingstop Beverages III, Inc., a Texas corporation, WRI Club 985, Inc., a Texas non-profit corporation, WRI Club 993, Inc., a Texas non-profit corporation, WRI Club, Inc., a Texas non-profit corporation, and LV Wings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company.
Incremental Revolving Credit Commitment has the meaning set forth in Section 5.15.
Incremental Term Loan has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.
Incremental Term Loan Commitment means (a) as to any Term Loan Lender, the obligation of such Term Loan Lender to make a portion of the Incremental Term Loan to the account of the Borrower hereunder on the Second Amendment Effective Date in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the amount set forth opposite such Term Loan Lenders name under the heading Incremental Term Loan Commitment on Part B of Schedule 1.1(a) hereto and (b) as to all Term Loan Lenders, the aggregate commitment of all Term Loan Lenders to make such Incremental Term Loans. The total Incremental Term Loan in the aggregate principal amount of $33,200,000 was advanced on the Second Amendment Effective Date, thereby terminating the Incremental Term Loan Commitments.
Indebtedness means, as to any Person at a particular time, without duplication, all of the following, whether or not included as indebtedness or liabilities in accordance with GAAP:
(a) all Funded Indebtedness;
(b) all net obligations of such Person under any Hedge Agreements (the amount of any such net obligation under any Hedge Agreement on any date shall be deemed to be the Hedge Termination Value thereof as of such date);
(c) all Guaranty Obligations with respect to outstanding Indebtedness of the types specified in clauses (a) and (b) above of any other Person; and
(d) all Indebtedness of the types referred to in clauses (a) through (c) above of any partnership or joint venture (other than a joint venture that is itself a corporation or limited liability company) in which such Person is a general partner or joint venturer, unless such Indebtedness is expressly made non-recourse to such Person.
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Indemnified Taxes means (a) Taxes other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment by or on account of any obligation of a Credit Party under any Loan Document, and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in clause (a), Other Taxes.
Insurance and Condemnation Event means the receipt by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries of any cash insurance proceeds or condemnation award payable by reason of theft, loss, physical destruction or damage, taking or similar event with respect to any of their respective Property.
Intellectual Property has the meaning set forth in Section 7.7.
Interest Period has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b).
IPO means an initial public offering of Capital Stock of the Borrower (or any successor thereto in accordance with the terms of this Agreement), registered with the Securities Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, that results in proceeds to the Borrower (or such successor) and any stockholder of the Borrower (or such successor) of at least $50,000,000 in the aggregate.
IRS means the United States Internal Revenue Service, or any successor thereto.
ISP98 means the International Standby Practices (1998 Revision, effective January 1, 1999), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 590.
Issuing Lender means Wells Fargo, in its capacity as issuer of Letters of Credit issued hereunder, or any successor thereto.
L/C Commitment means the lesser of (a) $3,000,000 and (b) the Revolving Credit Commitment.
L/C Facility means the letter of credit facility established pursuant to Article III.
L/C Obligations means at any time, an amount equal to the sum of (a) the aggregate undrawn and unexpired amount of the then outstanding Letters of Credit and (b) the aggregate amount of drawings under Letters of Credit which have not then been reimbursed pursuant to Section 3.5.
L/C Participants means the collective reference to all the Revolving Credit Lenders other than the Issuing Lender.
Lender means the Persons listed on Schedule 1.1(a) and any other Person that shall have become a party to this Agreement as a Lender pursuant to a joinder agreement contemplated by Section 4.1(c) or Section 5.15 or pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption, other than any Person that ceases to be a party hereto as a Lender pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption.
Lending Office means, with respect to any Lender, the office of such Lender maintaining such Lenders Extensions of Credit.
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Letter of Credit Application means an application, in the form specified by the Issuing Lender from time to time, requesting the Issuing Lender to issue a Letter of Credit.
Letters of Credit means the collective reference to letters of credit issued pursuant to Section 3.1.
LIBOR means:
(a) for any interest rate calculation with respect to a LIBOR Rate Loan, the rate of interest per annum determined on the basis of the rate for deposits in Dollars for a period equal to the applicable Interest Period which appears on Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page (or any applicable successor page) at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) two (2) Business Days prior to the first day of the applicable Interest Period. If, for any reason, such rate does not appear on Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page (or any applicable successor page), then LIBOR for such LIBOR Rate Loan shall be determined by the Administrative Agent to be the arithmetic average of the rate per annum at which deposits in Dollars in minimum amounts of at least $5,000,000 would be offered by first class banks in the London interbank market to the Administrative Agent at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) two (2) Business Days prior to the first day of the applicable Interest Period for a period equal to such Interest Period.
(b) for any interest rate calculation with respect to a Base Rate Loan, the rate of interest per annum determined on the basis of the rate for deposits in Dollars in minimum amounts of at least $5,000,000 for a period equal to one month (commencing on the date of determination of such interest rate) which appears on the Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page (or any applicable successor page) at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) on such date of determination, or, if such date is not a Business Day, then the immediately preceding Business Day. If, for any reason, such rate does not appear on Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page (or any applicable successor page), then LIBOR for such Base Rate Loan shall be determined by the Administrative Agent to be the arithmetic average of the rate per annum at which deposits in Dollars in minimum amounts of at least $5,000,000 would be offered by first class banks in the London interbank market to the Administrative Agent at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) on such date of determination for a period equal to one month commencing on such date of determination.
Each calculation by the Administrative Agent of LIBOR shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error. If LIBOR shall be less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero for the purposes of this Agreement.
LIBOR Rate means a rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent pursuant to the following formula:
LIBOR Rate = | LIBOR |
|||
1.00-Eurodollar Reserve Percentage |
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LIBOR Rate Loan means any Loan bearing interest at a rate based upon the LIBOR Rate as provided in Section 5.1(a).
Lien means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, leasehold mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest, hypothecation or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset. For the purposes of this Agreement, a Person shall be deemed to own subject to a Lien any asset which it has acquired or holds subject to the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, Capital Lease or other title retention agreement relating to such asset.
Loan Documents means, collectively, this Agreement, each Note, the Letter of Credit Applications, the Security Documents, the Fee Letter, each joinder agreement contemplated by Section 4.1(c) or Section 5.15 and each other document, instrument, certificate and agreement executed and delivered by the Credit Parties or any of their respective Subsidiaries in favor of or provided to the Administrative Agent or any Secured Party in connection with this Agreement or otherwise referred to herein or contemplated hereby (excluding any Secured Hedge Agreement and any Secured Cash Management Agreement), all as may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
Loans means the collective reference to the Revolving Credit Loans and the Term Loan, and Loan means any of such Loans and shall include any loan made by a Lender hereunder.
Management Agreement means that certain Amended and Restated Management Advisory and Consulting Services Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2011, by and between the Manager and the Borrower.
Manager means Roark Capital Management, LLC.
Material Adverse Effect means, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, (a) a material adverse effect on the assets, properties, business, liabilities (actual or contingent), operations or financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (b) a material impairment of the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent or any Lender under any Loan Document or (c) a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against any Credit Party of any Loan Document to which it is a party.
Merger Agreement Earn Out Payment means all amounts payable in accordance with Section 3.08 of that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 24, 2010, by and among the sellers party thereto, William G. Martin, as Seller Representative, the Borrower, WS Merger Corporation and Wingstop Holdings, Inc., as the same may be amended, substituted, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, as in effect on the Closing Date.
Moodys means Moodys Investors Service, Inc. and any successor thereto.
Multiemployer Plan means a multiemployer plan as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA to which any Credit Party or any ERISA Affiliate is making, or is accruing an obligation to make, contributions.
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Net Cash Proceeds means, as applicable, the gross proceeds received by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries therefrom (including any cash, Cash Equivalents, deferred payment pursuant to, or by monetization of, a note receivable or otherwise, as and when received) less the sum of: (a) with respect to any Asset Disposition, (i) the direct costs relating to such Asset Disposition excluding amounts (other than reimbursement of expenses under the Management Agreement) payable to the Borrower or any Affiliate of the Borrower, (ii) sale, use or other transaction taxes paid or payable as a result thereof, (iii) amounts required to be applied to pay principal, interest and prepayment premiums and penalties on Indebtedness secured by a Lien on the asset which is the subject of such Asset Disposition, and (iv) any taxes paid or reasonably estimated by the applicable Credit Party to be payable by such Person in respect of such Asset Disposition (provided that if the actual amount of such taxes paid is less than the estimated amount, the difference shall immediately constitute Net Cash Proceeds), (b) with respect to any Insurance and Condemnation Event, (i) all money actually applied to repair or reconstruct the damaged Property or Property affected by the condemnation or taking, (ii) all of the costs and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with the collection of such proceeds, awards or other payments, (iii) any amounts retained by or paid to parties having superior rights to such proceeds, awards or other payments, and (iv) any taxes paid or reasonably estimated by the applicable Credit Party to be payable by such Person in respect of such Insurance and Condemnation Event (provided that if the actual amount of such taxes paid is less than the estimated amount, the difference shall immediately constitute Net Cash Proceeds) and (c) with respect to any Equity Issuance or Debt Issuance, (i) applicable taxes approved by the Administrative Agent, (ii) underwriting discounts and (iii) reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses paid or incurred in connection therewith in favor of any Person not an Affiliate of the Borrower (other than reimbursement of expenses under the Management Agreement).
Non-Consenting Lender means any Lender that does not approve any consent, waiver, amendment, modification or termination that (i) requires the approval of all Lenders or all affected Lenders in accordance with the terms of Section 12.2 and (ii) has been approved by the Required Lenders.
Non-Defaulting Lender means, at any time, each Lender that is not a Defaulting Lender at such time.
Non-Guarantor Subsidiary means any Subsidiary of the Borrower that is not a Guarantor.
Notes means the collective reference to the Revolving Credit Notes and the Term Loan Notes.
Notice of Account Designation has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(b).
Notice of Borrowing has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a).
Notice of Conversion/Continuation has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2.
Notice of Prepayment has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(c).
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Obligations means, in each case, whether now in existence or hereafter arising: (a) the principal of and interest on (including interest accruing after the filing of any bankruptcy or similar petition) the Loans, (b) the L/C Obligations and (c) all other fees and commissions (including attorneys fees), charges, indebtedness, loans, liabilities, financial accommodations, obligations, covenants and duties owing by the Credit Parties and each of their respective Subsidiaries to the Lenders or the Administrative Agent, in each case under any Loan Document or otherwise, with respect to any Loan or Letter of Credit of every kind, nature and description, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, contractual or tortious, liquidated or unliquidated, and whether or not evidenced by any note and including interest and fees that accrue after the commencement by or against any Credit Party or any Affiliate thereof of any proceeding under any federal bankruptcy laws (as now or hereafter in effect) or under any other laws, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, winding up or adjustment of debts, naming such Person as the debtor in such proceeding, regardless of whether such interest and fees are allowed claims in such proceeding. The foregoing shall also include (a) all obligations under any Secured Hedge Agreement between any Credit Party and any Hedge Bank and (b) all obligations under any Secured Cash Management Agreement between any Credit Party and any Cash Management Bank.
OFAC means the U.S. Department of the Treasurys Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Officers Compliance Certificate means a certificate of the chief financial officer or the treasurer of the Borrower substantially in the form attached as Exhibit F.
Operating Lease means, as to any Person as determined in accordance with GAAP, any lease of Property (whether real, personal or mixed) by such Person as lessee which is not a Capital Lease.
Other Connection Taxes means, with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between such Recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising from such Recipient having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan or Loan Document).
Other Taxes means all present or future stamp, court, documentary, excise, property, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document, except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 5.12).
Participant has the meaning set forth in Section 12.10(d).
Participant Register has the meaning set forth in Section 12.10(e).
PATRIOT Act means the USA PATRIOT Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), as amended.
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PBGC means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or any successor agency.
PCAOB means the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board established under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Pension Plan means any Employee Benefit Plan, other than a Multiemployer Plan, which is subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code and which is maintained, funded or administered for the employees of any Credit Party or any ERISA Affiliate.
Permitted Acquisition means any acquisition by the Borrower or any Guarantor in the form of acquisitions of all or substantially all of the business or a line of business (whether by the acquisition of Capital Stock, assets or any combination thereof) of any other Person if each such acquisition meets all of the following requirements (it being understood that the acquisition of one or more restaurants from a Franchisee shall not constitute a Permitted Acquisition):
(a) no less than five (5) days prior to the proposed closing date of such acquisition, the Borrower shall have delivered written notice of such acquisition to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, which notice shall include the proposed closing date of such acquisition;
(b) the Borrower shall have certified on or before the closing date of such acquisition, in writing and in a form reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, that such acquisition has been approved by the board of directors (or equivalent governing body) of the Person to be acquired;
(c) the Person or business to be acquired shall be in a line of business permitted pursuant to Section 9.11;
(d) if such transaction is a merger or consolidation, the Borrower (if the Borrower is a party to such merger or consolidation) or a Guarantor (including an acquired company, if such acquired company shall concurrently become a Guarantor) shall be the surviving Person and no Change in Control shall have been effected thereby;
(e) the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent such documents reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders (through the Administrative Agent) pursuant to Section 8.11 to be delivered at the time required pursuant to Section 8.11;
(f) no later than five (5) Business Days prior to the proposed closing date of such acquisition, the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent an Officers Compliance Certificate for the most recent fiscal quarter end preceding such acquisition for which financial statements are available demonstrating, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that the Borrower is in compliance on a Pro Forma Basis (as of the date of the acquisition and after giving effect thereto and any Indebtedness incurred in connection therewith) with the covenant contained in Section 9.14(a);
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(g) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing both before and after giving effect to such acquisition;
(h) [reserved]
(i) to the extent such acquisition is not being funded with the proceeds of a Further Incremental Term Loan or Incremental Revolving Credit Commitment, the Borrower shall demonstrate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that the Consolidated EBITDA of the entity to be acquired, for the four (4) fiscal quarter period ended immediately prior to the proposed closing date of such acquisition, is either (x) greater than zero or (y) an amount sufficient to maintain a Consolidated Leverage Ratio (on a Pro Forma Basis (including any pro forma adjustments as are reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent) after giving effect thereto and any Indebtedness incurred in connection therewith) at least 0.25 less than the Consolidated Leverage Ratio required to be maintained at such time by Section 9.14(a);
(j) after giving effect to the acquisition, at least $1,000,000 in availability shall exist under the Revolving Credit Facility; and
(k) the Borrower shall have (i) delivered to the Administrative Agent a certificate of a Responsible Officer certifying that all of the requirements set forth above have been satisfied or will be satisfied on or prior to the consummation of such purchase or other acquisition and (ii) provided such other documents and other information as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders (through the Administrative Agent) in connection with such purchase or other acquisition.
Permitted Acquisition Consideration means the aggregate amount of the purchase price, including, but not limited to, any assumed debt and Earn Out Obligations, net of the applicable acquired companys cash and Cash Equivalents balance (as shown on its most recent financial statements delivered in connection with the applicable Permitted Acquisition), to be paid on a singular basis in connection with any applicable Permitted Acquisition.
Permitted Liens means the Liens permitted pursuant to Section 9.2.
Person means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, governmental authority or other entity.
Platform has the meaning set forth in Section 12.1(e).
Prime Rate means, at any time, the rate of interest per annum publicly announced from time to time by the Administrative Agent as its prime rate. Each change in the Prime Rate shall be effective as of the opening of business on the day such change in such prime rate occurs. The parties hereto acknowledge that the rate announced publicly by the Administrative Agent as its prime rate is an index or base rate and shall not necessarily be its lowest or best rate charged to its customers or other banks.
Pro Forma Basis means, for purposes of calculating Consolidated EBITDA for any period during which one or more Specified Transactions occurs, that such Specified Transaction
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(and all other Specified Transactions that have been consummated during the applicable period) shall be deemed to have occurred as of the first day of the applicable period of measurement and all income statement items (whether positive or negative) attributable to the Property or Person disposed of in a Specified Disposition shall be excluded and all income statement items (whether positive or negative) attributable to the Property or Person acquired in a Permitted Acquisition shall be included, together with such pro forma adjustments as are reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent; provided that the foregoing pro forma adjustments may be applied to any such definition, test or financial covenant solely to the extent that such adjustments are reasonably expected to be realized within twelve (12) months of such Specified Transaction as set forth in reasonable detail on a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower delivered to the Administrative Agent.
Property means any right or interest in or to property of any kind whatsoever, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible, including, without limitation, Capital Stock.
Qualified Capital Stock means any Capital Stock that is not Disqualified Capital Stock.
Qualified ECP Guarantor means, in respect of any Swap Obligation, each Credit Party that has total assets exceeding $10,000,000 at the time the Guarantee under Section 13.1 or the grant of the relevant security interest becomes effective with respect to such Swap Obligation or such other Credit Party that qualifies at such time as an eligible contract participant under the Commodity Exchange Act or any regulations promulgated thereunder and can cause another Person to qualify as an eligible contract participant at such time under Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act.
Recipient means (a) the Administrative Agent, (b) any Lender and (c) any Issuing Lender, as applicable.
Register has the meaning set forth in Section 12.10(c).
Reimbursement Obligation means the obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the Issuing Lender pursuant to Section 3.5 for amounts drawn under Letters of Credit.
Related Parties means, with respect to any Person, such Persons Affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, trustees, administrators, managers, advisors and representatives of such Person and of such Persons Affiliates.
Required Lenders means, at any time, Lenders having Total Credit Exposures representing more than 50% of the Total Credit Exposures of all Lenders. The Total Credit Exposure of any Defaulting Lender shall be disregarded in determining Required Lenders at any time.
Responsible Officer means, as to any Person, the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, controller, treasurer or assistant treasurer of such Person, any director of such Person or any other officer of such Person reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent. Any document delivered hereunder or under any other Loan Document that is signed by a Responsible Officer of a Person shall be conclusively presumed to have been authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership and/or other action on the part of such Person and such Responsible Officer shall be conclusively presumed to have acted on behalf of such Person.
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Restricted Payment has the meaning set forth in Section 9.6.
Revolving Credit Commitment means (a) as to any Revolving Credit Lender, the obligation of such Revolving Credit Lender to make Revolving Credit Loans to the account of the Borrower hereunder in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding not to exceed the amount set forth opposite such Revolving Credit Lenders name under the heading Revolving Credit Commitment on Part A of Schedule 1.1(a) on the Effective Date and, thereafter, on the Register, as such amount may be modified at any time or from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof (including Section 5.15) and (b) as to all Revolving Credit Lenders, the aggregate commitment of all Revolving Credit Lenders to make Revolving Credit Loans, as such amount may be modified at any time or from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof (including Section 5.15). The aggregate Revolving Credit Commitment of all the Revolving Credit Lenders on the Effective Date shall be $5,000,000.
Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage means, as to any Revolving Credit Lender at any time, the ratio of (a) the amount of the Revolving Credit Commitment of such Revolving Credit Lender to (b) the Revolving Credit Commitment of all the Revolving Credit Lenders.
Revolving Credit Exposure means, as to any Revolving Credit Lender at any time, the aggregate principal amount at such time of its outstanding Revolving Credit Loans and such Revolving Credit Lenders participation in L/C Obligations at such time.
Revolving Credit Facility means the revolving credit facility established pursuant to Article II and (if applicable) Section 5.15.
Revolving Credit Lenders means, collectively, all of the Lenders with a Revolving Credit Commitment.
Revolving Credit Loan means any revolving loan made to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.1, and all such revolving loans collectively as the context requires.
Revolving Credit Maturity Date means the earliest to occur of (a) March 18, 2020, (b) the date of termination of the entire Revolving Credit Commitment by the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.4, or (c) the date of termination of the Revolving Credit Commitment pursuant to Section 10.2(a).
Revolving Credit Note means a promissory note made by the Borrower in favor of a Revolving Credit Lender evidencing the Revolving Credit Loans made by such Revolving Credit Lender, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit A-1, and any amendments, supplements and modifications thereto, any substitutes therefor, and any replacements, restatements, renewals or extension thereof, in whole or in part.
Revolving Credit Outstandings means the sum of (a) with respect to Revolving Credit Loans on any date, the aggregate outstanding principal amount thereof after giving effect to any borrowings and prepayments or repayments of Revolving Credit Loans occurring on such date;
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plus (b) with respect to any L/C Obligations on any date, the aggregate outstanding amount thereof on such date after giving effect to any Extensions of Credit occurring on such date and any other changes in the aggregate amount of the L/C Obligations as of such date, including as a result of any reimbursements of outstanding unpaid drawings under any Letters of Credit or any reductions in the maximum amount available for drawing under Letters of Credit taking effect on such date.
S&P means Standard & Poors Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and any successor thereto.
Sanctioned Country means a country subject to a sanctions program identified on the list maintained by OFAC and available at http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Pages/Programs.aspx, or as otherwise published from time to time.
Sanctioned Person means (a) a Person named on the list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons maintained by OFAC available at http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/SDN-List/Pages/default.aspx, or as otherwise published from time to time, or (b) (i) an agency of the government of a Sanctioned Country, (ii) an organization controlled by a Sanctioned Country, or (iii) a person resident in a Sanctioned Country, to the extent subject to a sanctions program administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasurys Office of Foreign Assets Control.
SEC means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Second Amendment Effective Date means December 11, 2013.
Secured Cash Management Agreement means any Cash Management Agreement that is entered into by and between any Credit Party and any Cash Management Bank.
Secured Hedge Agreement means any Hedge Agreement (a) required pursuant to Section 8.12 or (b) permitted under Article IX, in each case that is entered into by and between any Credit Party and any Hedge Bank.
Secured Obligations means, collectively, (a) the Obligations and (b) all existing or future payment and other obligations owing by any Credit Party under (i) any Secured Hedge Agreement and (ii) any Secured Cash Management Agreement; provided, that Secured Obligations of any Credit Party shall exclude any Excluded Swap Obligations with respect to such Credit Party.
Secured Parties means, collectively, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Issuing Lender, the Hedge Banks, the Cash Management Banks, each co-agent or sub-agent appointed by the Administrative Agent from time to time pursuant to Section 11.5, any other holder from time to time of any Secured Obligations and, in each case, their respective successors and permitted assigns.
Security Agreement means the Security and Pledge Agreement executed by the Credit Parties in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, dated as of December 15, 2011, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
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Security Documents means the collective reference to the Security Agreement and each other agreement or writing pursuant to which any Credit Party purports to pledge or grant a security interest in any Property or assets securing the Secured Obligations or any such Person purports to guaranty the payment and/or performance of the Secured Obligations, in each case, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
Securitization Transaction means, with respect to any Person, any financing transaction or series of financing transactions (including factoring arrangements) pursuant to which such Person or any Subsidiary of such Person may sell, convey or otherwise transfer, or grant a security interest in, accounts, payments, receivables, rights to future lease payments or residuals or similar rights to payment to a special purpose subsidiary or affiliate of such Person.
Solvent and Solvency mean, with respect to any Person on any date of determination, that on such date (a) the fair value of the property of such Person is greater than the total amount of liabilities, including contingent liabilities, of such Person, (b) the present fair salable value of the assets of such Person is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of such Person on its debts as they become absolute and matured, (c) such Person does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond such Persons ability to pay such debts and liabilities as they mature, (d) such Person is not engaged in business or a transaction, and is not about to engage in business or a transaction, for which such Persons property would constitute an unreasonably small capital, and (e) such Person is able to pay its debts and liabilities, contingent obligations and other commitments as they mature in the ordinary course of business. The amount of contingent liabilities at any time shall be computed as the amount that, in the light of all the facts and circumstances existing at such time, represents the amount that can reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured liability.
Specified Disposition means any disposition of all or substantially all of the assets or Capital Stock of any Subsidiary of the Borrower, any division, business unit, product line or line of business, any disposition of any restaurant and accompanying assets owned by the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof to any Franchisee in accordance with Section 9.5(m) or any closing of any restaurant owned by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries.
Specified Transactions means (a) any Specified Disposition, (b) any Permitted Acquisition or any acquisition of any restaurant and accompanying assets by the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof from any Franchisee in accordance with Section 9.3(q), (c) the Transactions, (d) any Restricted Payment made or to be made in accordance with Section 9.6(h) and (e) any Investment made or to be made in accordance with Section 9.3(t).
Sponsor means RC II WS LLC, a Georgia limited liability company.
Subsidiary means as to any Person, any corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding Capital Stock having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors (or equivalent governing body) or other managers of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company or
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other entity is at the time owned by (directly or indirectly) or the management is otherwise controlled by (directly or indirectly) such Person (irrespective of whether, at the time, Capital Stock of any other class or classes of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency). Unless otherwise qualified, references to Subsidiary or Subsidiaries herein shall refer to those of the Borrower.
Swap Obligation means, with respect to any Guarantor, any obligation to pay or perform under any agreement, contract or transaction that constitutes a swap within the meaning of section 1a(47) of the Commodity Exchange Act.
Synthetic Lease means any synthetic lease, tax retention operating lease, off-balance sheet loan or similar off-balance sheet financing product where such transaction is considered borrowed money indebtedness for tax purposes but is classified as an Operating Lease in accordance with GAAP.
Taxes means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, fines, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.
Term Loan means collectively the Existing Term Loan, the Incremental Term Loan, the Additional Incremental Term Loan and the Further Incremental Term Loans.
Term Loan Commitment means (a) as to each Lender, a collective reference to such Lenders Existing Term Loan Commitment, such Lenders Incremental Term Loan Commitment, and such Lenders Additional Incremental Term Loan Commitment and (b) as to all Lenders, the aggregate commitment of all Lenders to make such Term Loans. Unless otherwise provided, the term Term Loan Commitment shall include the Further Incremental Term Loan Commitments.
Term Loan Facility means the term loan facility established pursuant to Article IV.
Term Loan Lender means any Lender with a Term Loan Commitment and/or any Lender that has advanced its portion of the Term Loan or any Further Incremental Term Loan to Borrower in accordance with any such Term Loan Commitment.
Term Loan Maturity Date means the first to occur of (a) March 18, 2020, or (b) the date of acceleration of the Term Loans pursuant to Section 10.2(a).
Term Loan Note means a promissory note made by the Borrower in favor of a Term Loan Lender evidencing the portion of the Term Loans made by such Term Loan Lender, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit A-2, and any amendments, supplements and modifications thereto, any substitutes therefor, and any replacements, restatements, renewals or extension thereof, in whole or in part.
Term Loan Percentage means, as to any Term Loan Lender, after the applicable Term Loans are made, the ratio of (a) the outstanding principal balance of such Term Loan or Term Loans of such Term Loan Lender to (b) the aggregate outstanding principal balance of all such Term Loans of all Term Loan Lenders.
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Termination Event means the occurrence of any of the following which, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in liability of the Borrower in an aggregate amount in excess of the Threshold Amount: (a) a Reportable Event described in Section 4043 of ERISA for which the thirty (30) day notice requirement has not been waived by the PBGC, or (b) the withdrawal of any Credit Party or any ERISA Affiliate from a Pension Plan during a plan year in which it was a substantial employer as defined in Section 4001(a)(2) of ERISA or a cessation of operations that is treated as such a withdrawal under Section 4062(e) of ERISA, or (c) the termination of a Pension Plan, the filing of a notice of intent to terminate a Pension Plan or the treatment of a Pension Plan amendment as a termination, under Section 4041 of ERISA, if the plan assets are not sufficient to pay all plan liabilities, or (d) the institution of proceedings to terminate, or the appointment of a trustee with respect to, any Pension Plan by the PBGC, or (e) any other event or condition which would constitute grounds under Section 4042(a) of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan, or (f) the imposition of a Lien pursuant to Section 430(k) of the Code or Section 303 of ERISA, or (g) the determination that any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan is considered an at-risk plan or plan in endangered or critical status with the meaning of Sections 430, 431 or 432 of the Code or Sections 303, 304 or 305 of ERISA or (h) the partial or complete withdrawal of any Credit Party or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan if withdrawal liability is asserted by such plan, or (i) any event or condition which results in the reorganization or insolvency of a Multiemployer Plan under Sections 4241 or 4245 of ERISA, or (j) any event or condition which results in the termination of a Multiemployer Plan under Section 4041A of ERISA or the institution by PBGC of proceedings to terminate a Multiemployer Plan under Section 4042 of ERISA, or (k) the imposition of any liability under Title IV of ERISA, other than for PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, upon any Credit Party or ERISA Affiliate.
Threshold Amount means $1,500,000.
Total Credit Exposure means, as to any Lender at any time, the unused Commitments, Revolving Credit Exposure and outstanding Term Loans of such Lender at such time.
Transaction Costs means all transaction fees, charges and other amounts related to the Specified Transactions (including, without limitation, any financing fees, merger and acquisition fees, legal fees and expenses, due diligence fees or any other fees and expenses in connection therewith).
Transactions means, collectively, (a) the amendment and restatement of the Existing Credit Agreement, (b) the Extensions of Credit hereunder (including, without limitation, the Incremental Term Loan and the Additional Incremental Term Loan), (c) the Dividend Payment, (d) the 2015 Dividend Payment and (e) the payment of the Transaction Costs incurred in connection with the foregoing.
UCC means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York, as amended or modified from time to time.
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Uniform Customs means the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (2007 Revision), effective July 2007, International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 600.
United States means the United States of America.
U.S. Person means any Person that is a United States Person as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code.
U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate has the meaning set forth in Section 5.11(f).
Weighted Average Life To Maturity means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing: (a) the sum of the products obtained by multiplying (i) the amount of each then remaining installment or other required payments of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof, by (ii) the number of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) that will elapse between such date and the making of such payment by (b) the then outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness; provided that for purposes of determining the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of any Indebtedness that is being modified, refinanced, refunded, renewed, replaced or extended, the effects of any prepayments made on such Indebtedness prior to the date of the applicable extension shall be disregarded.
Wells Fargo means Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association, and its successors.
Wholly-Owned means, with respect to a Subsidiary, that all of the shares of Capital Stock of such Subsidiary are, directly or indirectly, owned or controlled by the Borrower and/or one or more of its Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries (except for directors qualifying shares or other shares required by Applicable Law to be owned by a Person other than the Borrower and/or one or more of its Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries).
Withholding Agent means the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
Yield Differential has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(c).
Section 1.2 Other Definitions and Provisions.
With reference to this Agreement and each other Loan Document, unless otherwise specified herein or in such other Loan Document: (a) the definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined, (b) whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms, (c) the words include, includes and including shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase without limitation, (d) the word will shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word shall, (e) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Persons successors and assigns, (f) the words herein, hereof and hereunder, and words of similar import, shall be construed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof, (g) all references herein to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, this Agreement, (h) the words asset and property shall be construed to have the same meaning
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and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights, (i) the term documents includes any and all instruments, documents, agreements, certificates, notices, reports, financial statements and other writings, however evidenced, whether in physical or electronic form, (j) in the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word from means from and including; the words to and until each mean to but excluding; and the word through means to and including, (k) all references to the term of this Agreement shall refer to the period beginning on the Second Amendment Effective Date (except with respect to such reference in Section 5.3(a) which shall refer to the period beginning on the Closing Date) and (l) Section headings herein and in the other Loan Documents are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement or any other Loan Document.
Section 1.3 Accounting Terms.
All accounting terms not specifically or completely defined herein shall be construed in conformity with, and all financial data (including financial ratios and other financial calculations) required to be submitted pursuant to this Agreement shall be prepared in conformity with, GAAP, including, from and after adoption thereof by the Borrower, PCAOB auditing standards and SEC guidance and regulations, including SEC staff accounting positions and related interpretations, applicable to public companies, that are in effect from time to time and that are consistent with the accounting policies used in preparing the audited financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 6.1(e)(i) or otherwise permitted or required by GAAP, except as otherwise specifically prescribed herein (including, without limitation, as prescribed by Section 12.9). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of determining compliance with any covenant (including the computation of any financial covenant) contained herein, Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be carried at 100% of the outstanding principal amount thereof, and the effects of FASB ASC 825 and FASB ASC 470-20 on financial liabilities shall be disregarded.
Section 1.4 UCC Terms.
Terms defined in the UCC in effect on the Closing Date and not otherwise defined herein shall, unless the context otherwise indicates, have the meanings provided by those definitions. Subject to the foregoing, the term UCC refers, as of any date of determination, to the UCC then in effect.
Section 1.5 Rounding.
Any financial ratios required to be maintained by the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement shall be calculated by dividing the appropriate component by the other component, carrying the result to one place more than the number of places by which such ratio or percentage is expressed herein and rounding the result up or down to the nearest number (with a rounding-up if there is no nearest number).
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Section 1.6 References to Agreement and Laws.
Unless otherwise expressly provided herein, (a) references to formation documents, governing documents, agreements (including the Loan Documents) and other contractual instruments shall be deemed to include all subsequent amendments, restatements, extensions, supplements and other modifications thereto, but only to the extent that such amendments, restatements, extensions, supplements and other modifications are not prohibited by any Loan Document; and (b) references to any Applicable Law shall include all statutory and regulatory provisions consolidating, amending, replacing, supplementing or interpreting such Applicable Law.
Section 1.7 Times of Day.
Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to times of day shall be references to Eastern time (daylight or standard, as applicable).
Section 1.8 Letter of Credit Amounts.
Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to the amount of a Letter of Credit at any time shall be deemed to mean the maximum face amount of such Letter of Credit after giving effect to all increases thereof contemplated by such Letter of Credit or the Letter of Credit Application therefor (at the time specified therefor in such applicable Letter of Credit or Letter of Credit Application and as such amount may be reduced by (a) any permanent reduction of such Letter of Credit or (b) any amount which is drawn, reimbursed and no longer available under such Letter of Credit).
Section 1.9 Guaranty Obligations.
Unless otherwise specified, the amount of any Guaranty Obligation shall be the lesser of the principal amount of the obligations guaranteed and still outstanding and the maximum amount for which the guaranteeing Person may be liable pursuant to the terms of the instrument embodying such Guaranty Obligation.
ARTICLE II
REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY
Section 2.1 Revolving Credit Loans.
(a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and in reliance upon the representations and warranties set forth herein, each Revolving Credit Lender severally agrees to make Revolving Credit Loans to the Borrower from time to time from the Closing Date through, but not including, the Revolving Credit Maturity Date as requested by the Borrower in accordance with the terms of Section 2.2; provided, that the Revolving Credit Outstandings shall not exceed the Revolving Credit Commitment and the Revolving Credit Exposure of any Revolving Credit Lender shall not at any time exceed such Revolving Credit Lenders Revolving Credit Commitment. Each Revolving Credit Loan by a Revolving Credit Lender shall be in a principal amount equal to such Revolving Lenders Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of the aggregate principal amount of Revolving Credit Loans requested on such occasion. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower may borrow, repay and reborrow Revolving Credit Loans hereunder until the Revolving Credit Maturity Date.
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(b) Each of the Lenders further acknowledges and agrees that on the Effective Date the Revolving Credit Commitments shall be reallocated among the Lenders such that, as of the Effective Date, the Revolving Credit Commitment of each Lender shall be as set forth on Part A of Schedule 1.1(a) hereto. In order to effect such reallocations, assignments shall be deemed to be made among the Lenders in such amounts as may be necessary, and with the same force and effect as if such assignments were evidenced by the applicable Assignment and Assumptions (but without the payment of any related assignment fee), and no other documents or instruments shall be required to be executed in connection with such assignments (all of which such requirements are hereby waived). As of the Effective Date, no Revolving Credit Loans are outstanding.
Section 2.2 Procedure for Advances of Revolving Credit Loans.
(a) Requests for Borrowing. The Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent irrevocable prior written notice substantially in the form of Exhibit B (a Notice of Borrowing) not later than 1:00 p.m. (i) on the same Business Day as each Base Rate Loan and (ii) at least three (3) Business Days before each LIBOR Rate Loan, of its intention to borrow, specifying (A) the date of such borrowing, which shall be a Business Day, (B) the amount of such borrowing, which shall be, (x) except for Loans made pursuant to Section 3.5, with respect to Base Rate Loans in an aggregate principal amount of at least $100,000 or (y) with respect to LIBOR Rate Loans in an aggregate principal amount of at least $100,000, (C) whether the Loans are to be LIBOR Rate Loans or Base Rate Loans, and (D) in the case of a LIBOR Rate Loan, the duration of the Interest Period applicable thereto. A Notice of Borrowing received after 1:00 p.m. shall be deemed received on the next Business Day. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Revolving Credit Lenders of each Notice of Borrowing.
(b) Disbursement of Revolving Credit. Not later than 3:00 p.m. on the proposed borrowing date, each Revolving Credit Lender will make available to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Borrower, at the office of the Administrative Agent in funds immediately available to the Administrative Agent, such Revolving Credit Lenders Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of the Revolving Credit Loans to be made on such borrowing date. The Borrower hereby irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent to disburse the proceeds of each borrowing requested pursuant to this Section in immediately available funds by crediting or wiring such proceeds to the deposit account of the Borrower identified in the most recent notice substantially in the form attached as Exhibit C (a Notice of Account Designation) delivered by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent or as may be otherwise agreed upon by the Borrower and the Administrative Agent from time to time. Subject to Section 5.7 hereof, the Administrative Agent shall not be obligated to disburse the portion of the proceeds of any Revolving Credit Loan requested pursuant to this Section to the extent that any Revolving Credit Lender has not made available to the Administrative Agent its Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of such Loan.
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Section 2.3 Repayment and Prepayment of Revolving Credit.
(a) Repayment on Termination Date. The Borrower hereby agrees to repay the outstanding principal amount of all Revolving Credit Loans in full on the Revolving Credit Maturity Date, together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon.
(b) Mandatory Prepayments. If at any time the Revolving Credit Outstandings exceed the Revolving Credit Commitment, the Borrower agrees to repay immediately upon notice from the Administrative Agent, by payment to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Revolving Credit Lenders, Extensions of Credit in an amount equal to such excess with each such prepayment applied first, to the principal amount of outstanding Revolving Credit Loans and second, with respect to any Letters of Credit then outstanding, a payment of Cash Collateral into a Cash Collateral account opened by the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Revolving Credit Lenders, in an amount equal to such excess (such Cash Collateral to be applied in accordance with Section 10.2(b)).
(c) Optional Prepayments. The Borrower may at any time and from time to time, without premium or penalty, prepay Revolving Credit Loans, in whole or in part, with irrevocable prior written notice to the Administrative Agent substantially in the form attached as Exhibit D (a Notice of Prepayment) given not later than 1:00 p.m. (i) on the same Business Day as each Base Rate Loan and (ii) at least three (3) Business Days before each LIBOR Rate Loan, specifying the date and amount of prepayment and whether the prepayment is of LIBOR Rate Loans, Base Rate Loans or a combination thereof, and, if a combination thereof, the amount allocable to each. Upon receipt of such notice, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Revolving Credit Lender. If any such notice is given, the amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date set forth in such notice. Partial prepayments shall be in an aggregate amount of at least $100,000 with respect to Base Rate Loans and at least $100,000 with respect to LIBOR Rate Loans. A Notice of Prepayment received after 1:00 p.m. shall be deemed received on the next Business Day. Each prepayment shall be accompanied by any amount required to be paid pursuant to Section 5.9 hereof.
(d) Prepayment of Excess Proceeds. In the event proceeds remain after the prepayments of the Term Loan Facility pursuant to Section 4.4(b), the amount of such excess proceeds shall be used on the date of the required prepayment under Section 4.4(b) to prepay the outstanding principal amount of the Revolving Credit Loans, without a corresponding reduction of the Revolving Credit Commitment, with remaining proceeds, if any, refunded to the Borrower.
(e) Limitation on Prepayment of LIBOR Rate Loans. The Borrower may not prepay any LIBOR Rate Loan on any day other than on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto unless such prepayment is accompanied by any amount required to be paid pursuant to Section 5.9 hereof.
(f) Hedge Agreements. No repayment or prepayment pursuant to this Section shall affect any of the Borrowers obligations under any Secured Hedge Agreement.
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Section 2.4 Permanent Reduction of the Revolving Credit Commitment.
(a) Voluntary Reduction. The Borrower shall have the right at any time and from time to time, upon at least three (3) Business Days prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, to permanently reduce, without premium or penalty, (i) the entire Revolving Credit Commitment at any time or (ii) portions of the Revolving Credit Commitment, from time to time, in an aggregate principal amount not less than $100,000. Any reduction of the Revolving Credit Commitment shall be applied to the Revolving Credit Commitment of each Revolving Credit Lender according to its Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage. Any Commitment Fee accrued until the effective date of any termination of the Revolving Credit Commitment shall be paid on the effective date of such termination.
(b) Corresponding Payment. Each permanent reduction permitted pursuant to this Section shall be accompanied by a payment of principal sufficient to reduce the aggregate outstanding Revolving Credit Loans and L/C Obligations, as applicable, after such reduction to the Revolving Credit Commitment as so reduced and if the aggregate amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit exceeds the Revolving Credit Commitment as so reduced, the Borrower shall be required to deposit Cash Collateral in a Cash Collateral account opened by the Administrative Agent in an amount equal to such excess. Such Cash Collateral shall be applied in accordance with Section 10.2(b). Any reduction of the Revolving Credit Commitment to zero shall be accompanied by payment of all outstanding Revolving Credit Loans (and furnishing of Cash Collateral satisfactory to the Administrative Agent for all L/C Obligations) and shall result in the termination of the Revolving Credit Commitment and the Revolving Credit Facility. If the reduction of the Revolving Credit Commitment requires the repayment of any LIBOR Rate Loan, such repayment shall be accompanied by any amount required to be paid pursuant to Section 5.9 hereof.
Section 2.5 Termination of Revolving Credit Facility.
The Revolving Credit Facility and the Revolving Credit Commitments shall terminate on the Revolving Credit Maturity Date.
ARTICLE III
LETTER OF CREDIT FACILITY
Section 3.1 L/C Commitment.
(a) Availability. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Issuing Lender, in reliance on the agreements of the other Lenders set forth in Section 3.4(a), agrees to issue standby letters of credit (the Letters of Credit) for the account of the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof on any Business Day from the Closing Date through but not including the fifth Business Day prior to the Revolving Credit Maturity Date in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Issuing Lender; provided, that the Issuing Lender shall have no obligation to issue any Letter of Credit if, after giving effect to such issuance, (x) the L/C Obligations would exceed the L/C Commitment or (y) the Revolving Credit Outstandings would exceed the Revolving Credit Commitment. Each Letter of Credit shall (i) be denominated in Dollars, (ii) expire on a date no more than twelve (12) months after the date of issuance or last renewal of such Letter of Credit (subject to automatic renewal for additional one (1) year periods
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pursuant to the terms of the Letter of Credit Application or other documentation acceptable to the Issuing Lender), which date shall be no later than the fifth (5th) Business Day prior to the date referred to in clause (a) of the definition of Revolving Credit Maturity Date and (iii) be subject to the Uniform Customs and/or ISP98, as set forth in the Letter of Credit Application or as determined by the Issuing Lender and, to the extent not inconsistent therewith, the laws of the State of New York. The Issuing Lender shall not at any time be obligated to issue any Letter of Credit hereunder if such issuance would conflict with, or cause the Issuing Lender or any L/C Participant to exceed any limits imposed by, any Applicable Law. References herein to issue and derivations thereof with respect to Letters of Credit shall also include extensions or modifications of any outstanding Letters of Credit, unless the context otherwise requires. As of the Effective Date, no Letters of Credit are outstanding.
(b) Defaulting Lenders. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Article III shall be subject to the terms and conditions of Section 5.13 and Section 5.14.
Section 3.2 Procedure for Issuance of Letters of Credit.
The Borrower may from time to time request that the Issuing Lender issue a Letter of Credit by delivering to the Issuing Lender at the Administrative Agents Office a Letter of Credit Application therefor, completed to the satisfaction of the Issuing Lender, and such other certificates, documents and other papers and information as the Issuing Lender may request. Upon receipt of any Letter of Credit Application, the Issuing Lender shall process such Letter of Credit Application and the certificates, documents and other papers and information delivered to it in connection therewith in accordance with its customary procedures and shall, subject to Section 3.1 and Article VI, promptly issue the Letter of Credit requested thereby (and in any event no later than the third Business Day after its receipt of the Letter of Credit Application therefor and all such other certificates, documents and other papers and information relating thereto) by issuing the original of such Letter of Credit to the beneficiary thereof or as otherwise may be agreed by the Issuing Lender and the Borrower. The Issuing Lender shall promptly furnish to the Borrower a copy of such Letter of Credit and promptly notify each Revolving Credit Lender of the issuance and, upon request by any Revolving Credit Lender, furnish to such Lender a copy of such Letter of Credit and the amount of such Revolving Credit Lenders participation therein.
Section 3.3 Commissions and Other Charges.
(a) Letter of Credit Commissions. Subject to Section 5.14(a)(iii), the Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Issuing Lender and the L/C Participants, a letter of credit commission with respect to each Letter of Credit in the amount equal to the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit times the Applicable Margin with respect to Revolving Credit Loans that are LIBOR Rate Loans (determined on a per annum basis). Such commission shall be payable quarterly in arrears on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter, on the Revolving Credit Maturity Date and thereafter on demand of the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall, promptly following its receipt thereof, distribute to the Issuing Lender and the L/C Participants all commissions received pursuant to this Section 3.3 in accordance with their respective Revolving Credit Commitment Percentages.
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(b) Issuance Fee. In addition to the foregoing commission, the Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Issuing Lender, an issuance fee with respect to each Letter of Credit as set forth in the Fee Letter. Such issuance fee shall be payable quarterly in arrears on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Revolving Credit Maturity Date and thereafter on demand of the Administrative Agent.
(c) Other Costs. In addition to the foregoing fees and commissions, the Borrower shall pay or reimburse the Issuing Lender for such normal and customary costs and expenses as are incurred or charged by the Issuing Lender in issuing, effecting payment under, amending or otherwise administering any Letter of Credit.
Section 3.4 L/C Participations.
(a) The Issuing Lender irrevocably agrees to grant and hereby grants to each L/C Participant, and, to induce the Issuing Lender to issue Letters of Credit hereunder, each L/C Participant irrevocably agrees to accept and purchase and hereby accepts and purchases from the Issuing Lender, on the terms and conditions hereinafter stated, for such L/C Participants own account and risk an undivided interest equal to such L/C Participants Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage in the Issuing Lenders obligations and rights under and in respect of each Letter of Credit issued hereunder and the amount of each draft paid by the Issuing Lender thereunder. Each L/C Participant unconditionally and irrevocably agrees with the Issuing Lender that, if a draft is paid under any Letter of Credit for which the Issuing Lender is not reimbursed in full by the Borrower through a Revolving Credit Loan or otherwise in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such L/C Participant shall pay to the Issuing Lender upon demand at the Issuing Lenders address for notices specified herein an amount equal to such L/C Participants Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of the amount of such draft, or any part thereof, which is not so reimbursed.
(b) Upon becoming aware of any amount required to be paid by any L/C Participant to the Issuing Lender pursuant to Section 3.4(a) in respect of any unreimbursed portion of any payment made by the Issuing Lender under any Letter of Credit, the Issuing Lender shall notify each L/C Participant of the amount and due date of such required payment and such L/C Participant shall pay to the Issuing Lender the amount specified on the applicable due date. If any such amount is paid to the Issuing Lender after the date such payment is due, such L/C Participant shall pay to the Issuing Lender on demand, in addition to such amount, the product of (i) such amount, times (ii) the daily average Federal Funds Rate as determined by the Administrative Agent during the period from and including the date such payment is due to the date on which such payment is immediately available to the Issuing Lender, times (iii) a fraction the numerator of which is the number of days that elapse during such period and the denominator of which is 360. A certificate of the Issuing Lender with respect to any amounts owing under this Section shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. With respect to payment to the Issuing Lender of the unreimbursed amounts described in this Section, if the L/C Participants receive notice that any such payment is due (A) prior to 1:00 p.m. on any Business Day, such payment shall be due that Business Day, and (B) after 1:00 p.m. on any Business Day, such payment shall be due on the following Business Day.
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(c) Whenever, at any time after the Issuing Lender has made payment under any Letter of Credit and has received from any L/C Participant its Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of such payment in accordance with this Section, the Issuing Lender receives any payment related to such Letter of Credit (whether directly from the Borrower or otherwise), or any payment of interest on account thereof, the Issuing Lender will distribute to such L/C Participant its pro rata share thereof; provided, that in the event that any such payment received by the Issuing Lender shall be required to be returned by the Issuing Lender, such L/C Participant shall return to the Issuing Lender the portion thereof previously distributed by the Issuing Lender to it.
Section 3.5 Reimbursement Obligation of the Borrower.
In the event of any drawing under any Letter of Credit, the Borrower agrees to reimburse (either with the proceeds of a Revolving Credit Loan as provided for in this Section or with funds from other sources), in same day funds, the Issuing Lender (x) on the day of drawing under any Letter of Credit if the Issuing Lender notifies the Borrower prior to 11:00 a.m. on such date or (y) if the Issuing Lender notifies the Borrower after 11:00 a.m., on the following Business Day, in either case, which notice shall provide the date and amount of a draft paid under any Letter of Credit for the amount of (a) such draft so paid and (b) any amounts referred to in Section 3.3(c) incurred by the Issuing Lender in connection with such payment. Unless the Borrower shall immediately notify the Issuing Lender that the Borrower intends to reimburse the Issuing Lender for such drawing from other sources or funds, the Borrower shall be deemed to have timely given a Notice of Borrowing to the Administrative Agent requesting that the Revolving Credit Lenders make a Revolving Credit Loan bearing interest at the Base Rate on the date that such reimbursement is required in the amount of (a) such draft so paid and (b) any amounts referred to in Section 3.3(c) incurred by the Issuing Lender in connection with such payment, and the Revolving Credit Lenders shall make a Revolving Credit Loan bearing interest at the Base Rate in such amount, the proceeds of which shall be applied to reimburse the Issuing Lender for the amount of the related drawing and costs and expenses. Each Revolving Credit Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to fund a Revolving Credit Loan in accordance with this Section to reimburse the Issuing Lender for any draft paid under a Letter of Credit is absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever, including, without limitation, non-satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 2.2(a) or Article VI. If the Borrower has elected to pay the amount of such drawing with funds from other sources and shall fail to reimburse the Issuing Lender as provided above, the unreimbursed amount of such drawing shall bear interest at the rate which would be payable on any outstanding Base Rate Loans which were then overdue from the date such amounts become payable (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) until payment in full.
Section 3.6 Obligations Absolute.
The Borrowers obligations under this Article III (including, without limitation, the Reimbursement Obligation) shall be absolute and unconditional under any and all circumstances and irrespective of any set off, counterclaim or defense to payment which the Borrower may have or have had against the Issuing Lender or any beneficiary of a Letter of Credit or any other Person. The Borrower also agrees that the Issuing Lender and the L/C Participants shall not be responsible for, and the Borrowers Reimbursement Obligation under Section 3.5 shall not be
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affected by, among other things, the validity or genuineness of documents or of any endorsements thereon, even though such documents shall in fact prove to be invalid, fraudulent or forged, or any dispute between or among the Borrower and any beneficiary of any Letter of Credit or any other party to which such Letter of Credit may be transferred or any claims whatsoever of the Borrower against any beneficiary of such Letter of Credit or any such transferee. The Issuing Lender shall not be liable for any error, omission, interruption or delay in transmission, dispatch or delivery of any message or advice, however transmitted, in connection with any Letter of Credit, except for errors or omissions caused by the Issuing Lenders gross negligence or willful misconduct, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final nonappealable judgment. The responsibility of the Issuing Lender to the Borrower in connection with any draft presented for payment under any Letter of Credit shall, in addition to any payment obligation expressly provided for in such Letter of Credit, be limited to determining that the documents (including each draft) delivered under such Letter of Credit in connection with such presentment are in conformity with such Letter of Credit. No provisions hereof shall be deemed to waive or limit the Borrowers right to seek repayment of any Reimbursement Obligation from any Issuing Lender under the terms of the applicable Letter of Credit Applications or Applicable Law.
Section 3.7 Effect of Letter of Credit Application.
To the extent that any provision of any Letter of Credit Application related to any Letter of Credit is inconsistent with the provisions of this Article III, the provisions of this Article III shall apply.
ARTICLE IV
TERM LOAN FACILITY
Section 4.1 Term Loan.
(a) Prior to the Second Amendment Effective Date, the Existing Lenders made available to the Borrower a term loan (the Existing Term Loan) in Dollars in an aggregate principal amount equal to $74,250,000. On the Second Amendment Effective Date, the Lenders made available to the Borrower a term loan (the Incremental Term Loan) in Dollars in an aggregate principal amount equal to $33,200,000. As of (and immediately prior to the making of the Additional Incremental Term Loans on) the Effective Date, the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the Existing Term Loan and the Incremental Term Loan equals $92,503,205.12. Each Lenders portion of the outstanding Existing Term Loan and Incremental Term Loan immediately prior to the making of the Additional Incremental Term Loans and the reallocation of the Loans pursuant to Section 4.1(b) on the Effective Date is set forth opposite such Lenders name on Part B of Schedule 1.1(a) hereto. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each Term Loan Lender severally agrees to make its portion of a term loan (the Additional Incremental Term Loan) to the Borrower in Dollars on the Effective Date in a principal amount equal to such Term Loan Lenders Additional Incremental Term Loan Commitment as of the Effective Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the total Additional Incremental Term Loan Commitment as of the Effective Date is not drawn on the Effective Date, such undrawn amount shall automatically be cancelled. After giving effect to the advance of the
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Additional Incremental Term Loan on the Effective Date and all payments on the Existing Term Loan and the Incremental Term Loan prior to the Effective Date, the aggregate principal amount of the Term Loan outstanding on the Effective Date is $132,500,000.
(b) Each of the Term Loan Lenders further acknowledges and agrees that the outstanding amounts of the Existing Term Loan and the Incremental Term Loan immediately prior to the Effective Date shall be reallocated among the Term Loan Lenders such that, as of the Effective Date and after giving effect to the advance of the Additional Incremental Term Loan, the aggregate portion of the outstanding Existing Term Loan and Incremental Term Loan of each Term Loan Lender shall be as set forth on Part C of Schedule 1.1(a) hereto. In order to effect such reallocations, assignments shall be deemed to be made among the Term Loan Lenders in such amounts as may be necessary, and with the same force and effect as if such assignments were evidenced by the applicable Assignment and Assumptions (but without the payment of any related assignment fee), and no other documents or instruments shall be required to be executed in connection with such assignments (all of which such requirements are hereby waived).
(c) The Borrower may, at any time and from time to time, upon prior written notice by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent request additional Term Loans or additional term loan facilities (each, a Further Incremental Term Loan Commitment and the term loans thereunder, a Further Incremental Term Loan) in a maximum aggregate principal amount of THIRTY MILLION DOLLARS ($30,000,000) (less the aggregate amount of any Incremental Revolving Credit Commitments made pursuant to Section 5.15) from any existing Lender or from any other Person selected by the Borrower and reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent; provided that:
(A) any such Further Incremental Term Loan shall be in an aggregate minimum principal amount of $5,000,000 and in integral multiples of $1,000,000 in excess thereof;
(B) no Default or Event of Default shall exist and be continuing at the time of any such Further Incremental Term Loan;
(C) the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall have received from the Borrower an Officers Compliance Certificate demonstrating, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that (i) the Borrower is in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 9.14 and (ii) solely if the proceeds of such Further Incremental Term Loan will be used for a Permitted Acquisition, the Consolidated Leverage Ratio is not greater than 5.25 to 1.00, in each case, based on the financial statements most recently delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(a) or 8.1(b), as applicable, both before and after giving effect (on a Pro Forma Basis) to (x) any Further Incremental Term Loan Commitment and (y) the making of any Further Incremental Term Loans pursuant thereto and the application of proceeds thereof;
(D) no existing Lender shall be under any obligation to provide a Further Incremental Term Loan Commitment and any such decision whether to provide any such Further Incremental Term Loan Commitment shall be in such Lenders sole and absolute discretion;
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(E) (1) any new Lender shall join this Agreement by executing such joinder documents reasonably required by the Administrative Agent and (2) any existing Lender electing to provide any Further Incremental Term Loans under this Section 4.1(c) shall have executed a commitment agreement reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;
(F) as a condition precedent to the making of any Further Incremental Term Loan, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of each Credit Party dated as of the date of such Further Incremental Term Loan (in sufficient copies for each Lender) signed by a Responsible Officer of such Credit Party (1) certifying and attaching the resolutions adopted by such Credit Party approving or consenting to such Further Incremental Term Loan, and (2) in the case of the Borrower, certifying that, before and after giving effect to such Further Incremental Term Loan, (x) the representations and warranties contained in Article VII are true and correct in all material respects (except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects) on and as of the date of such Further Incremental Term Loan, with the same effect as if made on and as of such date (except for any such representation and warranty that by its terms is made only as of an earlier date, which representation and warranty shall remain true and correct in all material respects, except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects, in each case as of such earlier date), and (y) no Default or Event of Default exists;
(G) Schedule 1.1(a) shall be deemed revised to include any Further Incremental Term Loan and Further Incremental Term Loan Commitments and to include thereon any Person that becomes a Lender pursuant to this Section 4.1(c);
(H) from and after the effectiveness of any Further Incremental Term Loan Commitment, the Further Incremental Term Loans established pursuant to this Section 4.1(c) shall constitute Loans and Commitments under, and shall be entitled to all the benefits afforded by, this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and shall, without limiting the foregoing, benefit equally and ratably from the guarantees and security interests created by the applicable Security Documents. In addition, the scheduled amortization payments under Section 4.3 required to be made after the making of any Further Incremental Term Loans which are not separate tranches shall be ratably increased by the aggregate principal amount of such Further Incremental Term Loans for all Lenders on a pro rata basis to the extent necessary to avoid any reduction in the amortization payments to which the Term Loan Lenders were entitled before such recalculation;
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(I) Further Incremental Term Loans that have terms that differ from Term Loans theretofore made shall be deemed to be in a different tranche than such Term Loans and the terms thereof shall be set forth in the relevant amendment as referenced in the last paragraph of Section 12.2;
(J) the final maturity date of any Further Incremental Term Loan that is a separate tranche shall be no earlier than the maturity date of the initial Term Loans and the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of any such Further Incremental Term Loan shall not be shorter than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the initial Term Loans; and
(K) except with respect to mandatory and optional prepayments, pricing and, subject to paragraph (J), amortization and final maturity, any Further Incremental Term Loan shall be on terms consistent with the initial Term Loans and no Further Incremental Term Loan shall be entitled to mandatory prepayments on a better than pro rata basis with the initial Term Loans.
Section 4.2 Procedure for Advance of Term Loan.
(a) The Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent an irrevocable Notice of Borrowing prior to 11:00 a.m. on the Second Amendment Effective Date requesting that the Term Loan Lenders make the Incremental Term Loan as a Base Rate Loan on such date (provided that the Borrower may request, no later than three (3) Business Days prior to the Second Amendment Effective Date, that the Lenders make the Incremental Term Loan as a LIBOR Rate Loan if the Borrower has delivered to the Administrative Agent a letter in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent indemnifying the Lenders in the manner set forth in Section 5.9 of this Agreement). Upon receipt of such Notice of Borrowing from the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Term Loan Lender thereof. Not later than 1:00 p.m. on the Second Amendment Effective Date, each Term Loan Lender will make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Borrower, at the Administrative Agents Office in immediately available funds, the amount of such Incremental Term Loan to be made by such Term Loan Lender on the Second Amendment Effective Date. The Borrower hereby irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent to disburse the proceeds of the Incremental Term Loan in immediately available funds by wire transfer to such Person or Persons as may be designated by the Borrower in writing.
(b) The Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent an irrevocable Notice of Borrowing prior to 11:00 a.m. on the Effective Date requesting that the Term Loan Lenders make the Additional Incremental Term Loan as a Base Rate Loan on such date (provided that the Borrower may request, no later than three (3) Business Days prior to the Effective Date, that the Lenders make the Additional Incremental Term Loan as a LIBOR Rate Loan if the Borrower has delivered to the Administrative Agent a letter in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent indemnifying the Lenders in the manner set forth in Section 5.9 of this Agreement). Upon receipt of such Notice of Borrowing from the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Term Loan Lender thereof. Not later than 1:00 p.m. on the Effective Date, each Term Loan Lender will make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Borrower, at the Administrative Agents Office in immediately available funds,
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the amount of such Additional Incremental Term Loan to be made by such Term Loan Lender on the Effective Date. The Borrower hereby irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent to disburse the proceeds of the Additional Incremental Term Loan in immediately available funds by wire transfer to such Person or Persons as may be designated by the Borrower in writing.
(c) The borrowing procedures for each Further Incremental Term Loan (to the extent to be in a different tranche than the Term Loans theretofore made) shall be as agreed by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders providing same and as set forth in the applicable amendment contemplated by Section 4.1(c)(I).
Section 4.3 Repayment of Term Loan.
The Borrower shall repay the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan in installments on the dates and in the amounts as set forth below, except as the amounts of individual installments may be adjusted pursuant to Section 4.4 hereof:
PAYMENT DATE |
PRINCIPAL INSTALLMENT ($) |
|||
June 30, 2015 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
September 30, 2015 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
December 31, 2015 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
March 31, 2016 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
June 30, 2016 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
September 30, 2016 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
December 31, 2016 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
March 31, 2017 |
$ | 1,656,250 | ||
June 30, 2017 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
September 30, 2017 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
December 31, 2017 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
March 31, 2018 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
June 30, 2018 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
September 30, 2018 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
December 31, 2018 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
March 31, 2019 |
$ | 2,484,375 | ||
June 30, 2019 |
$ | 3,312,500 | ||
September 30, 2019 |
$ | 3,312,500 | ||
December 30, 2019 |
$ | 3,312,500 | ||
Term Loan Maturity Date |
|
Outstanding Principal Balance of Term Loan |
|
If not sooner paid, the Term Loan shall be paid in full, together with accrued interest thereon, on the Term Loan Maturity Date. Further Incremental Term Loans (to the extent to be in a different tranche than the Term Loans theretofore made) shall amortize and mature as agreed by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders providing same and as set forth in the applicable amendment contemplated by Section 4.1(c)(I).
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Section 4.4 Prepayments of Term Loans.
(a) Optional Prepayments. The Borrower shall have the right at any time and from time to time, without premium or penalty, to prepay the Term Loans, in whole or in part, upon delivery to the Administrative Agent of a Notice of Prepayment not later than 1:00 p.m. (i) on the same Business Day as each Base Rate Loan and (ii) at least three (3) Business Days before each LIBOR Rate Loan, specifying the date and amount of prepayment, whether the prepayment is of LIBOR Rate Loans, Base Rate Loans or a combination thereof, and, if a combination thereof, the amount allocable to each. Each optional prepayment of the Term Loans hereunder shall be in an aggregate principal amount of at least $100,000 (except in the case of prepayment of the entire remaining amount of the Term Loan) and shall be applied to the outstanding scheduled principal installments of the Term Loan as directed by the Borrower. Each prepayment shall be accompanied by any amount required to be paid pursuant to Section 5.9 hereof. A Notice of Prepayment received after 1:00 p.m. shall be deemed received on the next Business Day. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Term Loan Lenders of each Notice of Prepayment.
(b) Mandatory Prepayments.
(i) Debt Issuances. The Borrower shall make mandatory principal prepayments of the Loans and/or Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations in the manner set forth in clause (vi) below in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds from any Debt Issuance (other than any Debt Issuance permitted under this Agreement) by any Credit Party. Such prepayment shall be made within three (3) Business Days after the date of receipt of the Net Cash Proceeds of any such Debt Issuance.
(ii) Intentionally Omitted.
(iii) Asset Dispositions. The Borrower shall make mandatory principal prepayments of the Loans and/or Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations in the manner set forth in clause (vi) below in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds from any Asset Disposition (other than any Asset Disposition permitted by paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k)(ii), (l) and (n) of Section 9.5) by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries that exceed $1,000,000 during any fiscal year. Such prepayments shall be made within three (3) Business Days after the date of receipt of such excess Net Cash Proceeds of any such Asset Disposition by such Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries; provided that, so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, no prepayment shall be required under this Section 4.4(b)(iii) to the extent that (x) such excess Net Cash Proceeds are reinvested in assets used or useful in the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries within six (6) months after receipt of such excess Net Cash Proceeds or (y) such excess Net Cash Proceeds are committed to be reinvested pursuant to a legally binding agreement in assets used or useful in the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries within six (6) months after the receipt of such excess Net Cash Proceeds and are thereafter actually reinvested by such Credit Party or such Subsidiary in assets used or useful in the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries within twelve (12) months of the date of such legally binding agreement.
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(iv) Insurance and Condemnation Events. The Borrower shall make mandatory principal prepayments of the Loans and/or Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations in the manner set forth in clause (vi) below in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds from any Insurance and Condemnation Event by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries that exceed $1,000,000 during any fiscal year. Such prepayments shall be made within three (3) Business Days after the date of receipt of such excess Net Cash Proceeds of any such Insurance and Condemnation Event by such Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries; provided that, so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, no prepayment shall be required under this Section 4.4(b)(iv) to the extent that (x) such excess Net Cash Proceeds are reinvested in assets used or useful in the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries within six (6) months after receipt of such excess Net Cash Proceeds or (y) such excess Net Cash Proceeds are committed to be reinvested pursuant to a legally binding agreement in assets used or useful in the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries within six (6) months after the receipt of such excess Net Cash Proceeds and are thereafter actually reinvested by such Credit Party or such Subsidiary in assets used or useful in the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries within twelve (12) months of the date of such legally binding agreement.
(v) Excess Cash Flow. After the end of each fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year ending December 26, 2015 (and, for such initial fiscal year, calculated solely for the portion thereof beginning on March 29, 2015 and ending on December 26, 2015)), within five (5) Business Days after the earlier to occur of (x) the delivery of the financial statements and related Officers Compliance Certificate for such fiscal year and (y) the date on which the financial statements and the related Officers Compliance Certificate for such fiscal year are required to be delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(a) and Section 8.2(a), if the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the end of each fiscal year is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, the Borrower shall make mandatory principal prepayments of the Loans in the manner set forth in clause (vi) below in an amount equal to fifty percent (50%) of Excess Cash Flow, if any, for such fiscal year (or portion thereof); minus the aggregate amount of all optional prepayments of Revolving Credit Loans during such fiscal year (or portion thereof) (solely to the extent accompanied by permanent optional reductions in the Revolving Credit Commitment) and all optional prepayments of any Term Loan during such fiscal year (or portion thereof), in each case, solely to the extent that such prepayments are not funded with the incurrence of any Indebtedness, any Equity Issuance, any casualty proceeds, any condemnation proceeds or any other proceeds that would not be included in Consolidated EBITDA.
(vi) Notice; Manner of Payment. Upon the occurrence of any event triggering the prepayment requirement under clauses (i) through and including (v) above, the Borrower shall promptly deliver a Notice of Prepayment to the Administrative Agent and, upon receipt of such notice, the Administrative Agent shall promptly so notify the Lenders. Each prepayment of the Loans under this Section shall be applied as follows: first, to reduce on a pro rata basis the remaining scheduled principal installments of the
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Term Loans, pursuant to Section 4.3 and (ii) second, to the extent of any excess, to repay the Revolving Credit Loans pursuant to Section 2.3(d), without a corresponding reduction in the Revolving Credit Commitment.
(vii) No Reborrowings. Amounts prepaid under the Term Loan pursuant to this Section may not be reborrowed. Each prepayment shall be accompanied by any amount required to be paid pursuant to Section 5.9.
ARTICLE V
GENERAL LOAN PROVISIONS
Section 5.1 Interest.
(a) Interest Rate Options. Subject to the provisions of this Section, at the election of the Borrower, Revolving Credit Loans and the Term Loans shall bear interest at (A) the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin or (B) the LIBOR Rate plus the Applicable Margin (provided that the LIBOR Rate shall not be available until three (3) Business Days after the Effective Date unless the Borrower has delivered to the Administrative Agent a letter in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent indemnifying the Lenders in the manner set forth in Section 5.9 of this Agreement). The Borrower shall select the rate of interest and Interest Period, if any, applicable to any Loan at the time a Notice of Borrowing is given or at the time a Notice of Conversion/Continuation is given pursuant to Section 5.2. Any Loan or any portion thereof as to which the Borrower has not duly specified an interest rate as provided herein shall be deemed a Base Rate Loan.
(b) Interest Periods. In connection with each LIBOR Rate Loan, the Borrower, by giving notice at the times described in Section 2.2 or 5.2, as applicable, shall elect an interest period (each, an Interest Period) to be applicable to such Loan, which Interest Period shall be a period (other than the initial Interest Period applicable to the Additional Incremental Term Loan, which shall commence on the Effective Date and which shall be an Interest Period of one hundred four (104) days) of one (1), two (2), three (3), or six (6) months or, if agreed by all of the relevant Lenders, nine (9) or twelve (12) months; provided that all Interest Periods that were in effect immediately prior to the Effective Date shall continue in effect and shall end as scheduled under the Existing Credit Agreement; provided, further, that:
(i) each Interest Period shall commence on the date of advance of or conversion to or continuation as any LIBOR Rate Loan and, in the case of immediately successive Interest Periods, each successive Interest Period shall commence on the date on which the immediately preceding Interest Period expires;
(ii) if any Interest Period would otherwise expire on a day that is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall expire on the next succeeding Business Day; provided that if any Interest Period with respect to a LIBOR Rate Loan would otherwise expire on a day that is not a Business Day but is a day of the month after which no further Business Day occurs in such month, such Interest Period shall expire on the immediately preceding Business Day;
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(iii) any Interest Period with respect to a LIBOR Rate Loan that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the relevant calendar month at the end of such Interest Period;
(iv) no Interest Period shall extend beyond the Revolving Credit Maturity Date or the Term Loan Maturity Date, as applicable, and Interest Periods shall be selected by the Borrower so as to permit the Borrower to make the scheduled principal installment payments pursuant to Section 4.3 without payment of any amounts pursuant to Section 5.9; and
(v) there shall be no more than seven (7) Interest Periods in effect at any time.
(c) Default Rate. Subject to Section 10.3, (i) immediately upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default under Section 10.1(a), (b), (h) or (i), or (ii) at the election of the Required Lenders, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any other Event of Default, (A) all outstanding LIBOR Rate Loans shall bear interest at a rate per annum of two percent (2%) in excess of the rate (including the Applicable Margin) then applicable to LIBOR Rate Loans until the end of the applicable Interest Period and thereafter at a rate equal to two percent (2%) in excess of the rate (including the Applicable Margin) then applicable to Base Rate Loans, (B) all outstanding Base Rate Loans shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) in excess of the rate (including the Applicable Margin) then applicable to Base Rate Loans and (C) all fees with respect to any Letter of Credit shall be increased by two percent (2%) in excess of the then applicable fees and (D) all accrued and unpaid interest shall be due and payable on demand of the Administrative Agent. Interest on the Loans and the fees described above shall continue to accrue after the filing by or against the Borrower of any petition seeking any relief in bankruptcy or under any act or law pertaining to insolvency or debtor relief, whether state, federal or foreign.
(d) Interest Payment and Computation. Interest on each Base Rate Loan shall be due and payable in arrears on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter, commencing March 31, 2012. Interest on each LIBOR Rate Loan shall be due and payable on the last day of each Interest Period applicable thereto (including Interest Periods that were in effect in respect of the Existing Term Loan and the Incremental Term Loan immediately prior to the Effective Date) and, if such Interest Period extends over three (3) months, at the end of each three (3) month interval during such Interest Period (except that (i) with respect to the initial Interest Period applicable to the Incremental Term Loan, interest shall be payable only on March 31, 2014, (ii) with respect to any interest accrued on the Term Loans immediately prior to the Effective Date, such interest shall be payable on March 31, 2015 and (iii) with respect to any Interest Periods existing as of the Effective Date and the initial Interest Period applicable to the Additional Incremental Term Loan, interest shall not be payable until June 30, 2015 (it being understood and agreed that, to the extent that any LIBOR Rate Loan is prepaid with proceeds of the IPO, no payment shall be required pursuant to Section 5.9 with respect to such prepayment). All computations of interest for Base Rate Loans when the Base Rate is determined by the Prime Rate shall be made on the basis of a year of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, and actual days elapsed. All other computations of fees and interest provided hereunder shall be made on the basis of a 360-day year and actual days elapsed (which results in more fees or interest, as applicable, being paid than if computed on the basis of a 365/366-day year).
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(e) Maximum Rate. In no contingency or event whatsoever shall the aggregate of all amounts deemed interest under this Agreement charged or collected pursuant to the terms of this Agreement exceed the highest rate permissible under any Applicable Law which a court of competent jurisdiction shall, in a final determination, deem applicable hereto. In the event that such a court determines that the Lenders have charged or received interest hereunder in excess of the highest applicable rate, the rate in effect hereunder shall automatically be reduced to the maximum rate permitted by Applicable Law and the Lenders shall at the Administrative Agents option (i) promptly refund to the Borrower any interest received by the Lenders in excess of the maximum lawful rate or (ii) apply such excess to the principal balance of the Obligations on a pro rata basis. It is the intent hereof that the Borrower not pay or contract to pay, and that neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender receive or contract to receive, directly or indirectly in any manner whatsoever, interest in excess of that which may be paid by the Borrower under Applicable Law.
Section 5.2 Notice and Manner of Conversion or Continuation of Loans.
Provided that no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is then continuing, the Borrower shall have the option to (a) convert at any time all or any portion of any outstanding Base Rate Loans in a principal amount equal to at least $5,000,000 into one or more LIBOR Rate Loans and (b) upon the expiration of any Interest Period, (i) convert all or any part of its outstanding LIBOR Rate Loans into Base Rate Loans or (ii) continue such LIBOR Rate Loans as LIBOR Rate Loans. Whenever the Borrower desires to convert or continue Loans as provided above, the Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent irrevocable prior written notice in the form attached as Exhibit E (a Notice of Conversion/Continuation) not later than 1:00 p.m. three (3) Business Days before the day on which a proposed conversion or continuation of such Loan is to be effective specifying (A) the Loans to be converted or continued, and, in the case of any LIBOR Rate Loan to be converted or continued, the last day of the Interest Period therefor, (B) the effective date of such conversion or continuation (which shall be a Business Day), (C) the principal amount of such Loans to be converted or continued, and (D) the Interest Period to be applicable to such converted or continued LIBOR Rate Loan. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the affected Lenders of such Notice of Conversion/Continuation.
Section 5.3 Fees.
(a) Commitment Fee. Commencing on the Closing Date, subject to Section 5.14(a)(iii), the Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Revolving Credit Lenders, a non-refundable commitment fee (the Commitment Fee) at a rate per annum equal to the Applicable Margin on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Commitment of the Revolving Credit Lenders (other than the Defaulting Lenders, if any). The Commitment Fee shall be payable in arrears on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter during the term of this Agreement commencing December 31, 2011 and ending on the date upon which all Obligations (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) arising under the Revolving Credit Facility shall have been paid and satisfied in full, all Letters of Credit have been terminated or expired (or
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been Cash Collateralized) and the Revolving Credit Commitment has been terminated. Such Commitment Fee shall be distributed by the Administrative Agent to the Revolving Credit Lenders (other than any Defaulting Lender) pro rata in accordance with such Revolving Credit Lenders respective Revolving Credit Commitment Percentages.
(b) Other Fees. The Borrower shall pay to Wells Fargo and the Administrative Agent for their own respective accounts fees in the amounts and at the times specified in the Fee Letter. The Borrower shall pay to the Lenders such fees as shall have been separately agreed upon in writing in the amounts and at the times so specified.
Section 5.4 Manner of Payment.
(a) Sharing of Payments. Each payment by the Borrower on account of the principal of or interest on the Loans or of any fee, commission or other amounts (including the Reimbursement Obligation) payable to the Lenders under this Agreement shall be made not later than 1:00 p.m. on the date specified for payment under this Agreement to the Administrative Agent at the Administrative Agents Office for the account of the Lenders entitled to such payment in Dollars, in immediately available funds and shall be made without any set off, counterclaim or deduction whatsoever. Any payment received after such time but before 2:00 p.m. on such day shall be deemed a payment on such date for the purposes of Section 10.1, but for all other purposes shall be deemed to have been made on the next succeeding Business Day. Any payment received after 2:00 p.m. shall be deemed to have been made on the next succeeding Business Day for all purposes. Upon receipt by the Administrative Agent of each such payment, the Administrative Agent shall distribute to each such Lender at its address for notices set forth herein its Commitment Percentage in respect of the relevant Credit Facility (or other applicable share as provided herein) of such payment and shall wire advice of the amount of such credit to each Lender. Each payment to the Administrative Agent of the Issuing Lenders fees or L/C Participants commissions shall be made in like manner, but for the account of the Issuing Lender or the L/C Participants, as the case may be. Each payment to the Administrative Agent of Administrative Agents fees or expenses shall be made for the account of the Administrative Agent and any amount payable to any Lender under Sections 5.9, 5.10, 5.11 or 12.3 shall be paid to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable Lender. Subject to Section 5.1(b)(ii), if any payment under this Agreement shall be specified to be made upon a day which is not a Business Day, it shall be made on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day and such extension of time shall in such case be included in computing any interest if payable along with such payment.
(b) Defaulting Lenders. Notwithstanding the foregoing clause (a), if there exists a Defaulting Lender, each payment by the Borrower to such Defaulting Lender hereunder shall be applied in accordance with Section 5.13(b).
Section 5.5 Evidence of Indebtedness.
(a) Extensions of Credit. The Extensions of Credit made by each Lender shall be evidenced by one or more accounts or records maintained by such Lender and by the Administrative Agent in the ordinary course of business. The accounts or records maintained by the Administrative Agent and each Lender shall be conclusive absent manifest error of the
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amount of the Extensions of Credit made by the Lenders to the Borrower and the interest and payments thereon. Any failure to so record or any error in doing so shall not, however, limit or otherwise affect the obligation of the Borrower hereunder to pay any amount owing with respect to the Obligations. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by any Lender and the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent in respect of such matters, the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent shall control in the absence of manifest error. Upon the request of any Lender made through the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall execute and deliver to such Lender (through the Administrative Agent) a Revolving Credit Note and/or Term Loan Note, as applicable, which shall evidence such Lenders Revolving Credit Loans and/or Term Loans, as applicable, in addition to such accounts or records. Each Lender may attach schedules to its Notes and endorse thereon the date, amount and maturity of its Loans and payments with respect thereto.
(b) Participations. In addition to the accounts and records referred to in subsection (a), each Revolving Credit Lender and the Administrative Agent shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice accounts or records evidencing the purchases and sales by such Revolving Credit Lender of participations in Letters of Credit. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by the Administrative Agent and the accounts and records of any Revolving Credit Lender in respect of such matters, the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent shall control in the absence of manifest error.
Section 5.6 Adjustments.
If any Lender shall, by exercising any right of setoff or counterclaim or otherwise, obtain payment in respect of any principal of or interest on any of its Loans or other obligations hereunder resulting in such Lenders receiving payment of a proportion of the aggregate amount of its Loans and accrued interest thereon or other such obligations (other than pursuant to Sections 5.9, 5.10, 5.11 or 12.3) greater than its pro rata share thereof as provided herein, then the Lender receiving such greater proportion shall (a) notify the Administrative Agent of such fact, and (b) purchase (for cash at face value) participations in the Loans and such other obligations of the other Lenders, or make such other adjustments as shall be equitable, so that the benefit of all such payments shall be shared by the Lenders ratably in accordance with the aggregate amount of principal of and accrued interest on their respective Loans and other amounts owing them; provided that:
(i) if any such participations are purchased and all or any portion of the payment giving rise thereto is recovered, such participations shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, without interest, and
(ii) the provisions of this paragraph shall not be construed to apply to (A) any payment made by the Borrower pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement (including the application of funds arising from the existence of a Defaulting Lender), (B) the application of Cash Collateral provided for in Section 5.13 or (C) any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Loans or participations in Letters of Credit to any assignee or participant, other than to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (as to which the provisions of this paragraph shall apply).
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Each Credit Party consents to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under Applicable Law, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against each Credit Party rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of each Credit Party in the amount of such participation.
Section 5.7 Obligations of Lenders.
(a) Funding by Lenders; Presumption by Administrative Agent. Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from a Lender prior to the proposed date of any borrowing that such Lender will not make available to the Administrative Agent such Lenders share of such borrowing, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender has made such share available on such date in accordance with Sections 2.2(b) and 4.2 and may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. In such event, if a Lender has not in fact made its share of the applicable borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, then the applicable Lender and the Borrower severally agree to pay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand such corresponding amount with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is made available to the Borrower to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (A) in the case of a payment to be made by such Lender, the greater of the daily average Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation and (B) in the case of a payment to be made by the Borrower, the interest rate applicable to Base Rate Loans. If the Borrower and such Lender shall pay such interest to the Administrative Agent for the same or an overlapping period, the Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to the Borrower the amount of such interest paid by the Borrower for such period. If such Lender pays its share of the applicable borrowing to the Administrative Agent, then the amount so paid shall constitute such Lenders Loan included in such borrowing. Any payment by the Borrower shall be without prejudice to any claim the Borrower may have against a Lender that shall have failed to make such payment to the Administrative Agent.
(b) Nature of Obligations of Lenders Regarding Extensions of Credit. The obligations of the Lenders under this Agreement to make the Loans and issue or participate in Letters of Credit are several and are not joint or joint and several. The failure of any Lender to make available its Commitment Percentage of any Loan requested by the Borrower shall not relieve it or any other Lender of its obligation, if any, hereunder to make its Commitment Percentage of such Loan available on the borrowing date, but no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to make its Commitment Percentage of such Loan available on the borrowing date.
Section 5.8 Changed Circumstances.
(a) Circumstances Affecting LIBOR Rate Availability. In connection with any request for a LIBOR Rate Loan or a Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is determined with reference to LIBOR or a conversion to or continuation thereof, if for any reason (i) the Administrative Agent shall determine (which determination shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error) that Dollar deposits are not being offered to banks in the London interbank Eurodollar market for the applicable amount and Interest Period of such Loan, (ii) the
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Administrative Agent shall determine (which determination shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error) that reasonable and adequate means do not exist for ascertaining the LIBOR Rate for such Interest Period with respect to a proposed LIBOR Rate Loan or any Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is determined with reference to LIBOR or (iii) the Required Lenders shall determine (which determination shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error) that the LIBOR Rate does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders of making or maintaining such Loans during such Interest Period, then the Administrative Agent shall promptly give notice thereof to the Borrower. Thereafter, until the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower that such circumstances no longer exist, the obligation of the Lenders to make LIBOR Rate Loans or Base Rate Loans as to which the interest rate is determined with reference to LIBOR and the right of the Borrower to convert any Loan to or continue any Loan as a LIBOR Rate Loan or a Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is determined with reference to LIBOR shall be suspended, and (i) in the case of LIBOR Rate Loans, the Borrower shall either (A) repay in full (or cause to be repaid in full) the then outstanding principal amount of each such LIBOR Rate Loan together with accrued interest thereon (subject to Section 5.1(d)), on the last day of the then current Interest Period applicable to such LIBOR Rate Loan; or (B) convert the then outstanding principal amount of each such LIBOR Rate Loan to a Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is not determined by reference to LIBOR as of the last day of such Interest Period; or (ii) in the case of Base Rate Loans as to which the interest rate is determined by reference to LIBOR, the Borrower shall convert the then outstanding principal amount of each such Loan to a Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is not determined by reference to LIBOR as of the last day of such Interest Period.
(b) Laws Affecting LIBOR Rate Availability. If, after the date hereof, the introduction of, or any change in, any Applicable Law or any change in the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority, central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or compliance by any of the Lenders (or any of their respective Lending Offices) with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) of any such Governmental Authority, central bank or comparable agency, shall make it unlawful or impossible for any of the Lenders (or any of their respective Lending Offices) to honor its obligations hereunder to make or maintain any LIBOR Rate Loan or any Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is determined by reference to LIBOR, such Lender shall promptly give notice thereof to the Administrative Agent and the Administrative Agent shall promptly give notice to the Borrower and the other Lenders. Thereafter, until the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower that such circumstances no longer exist, (i) the obligations of the Lenders to make LIBOR Rate Loans or Base Rate Loans as to which the interest rate is determined by reference to LIBOR, and the right of the Borrower to convert any Loan to a LIBOR Rate Loan or continue any Loan as a LIBOR Rate Loan or a Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is determined by reference to LIBOR shall be suspended and thereafter the Borrower may select only Base Rate Loans as to which the interest rate is not determined by reference to LIBOR hereunder, (ii) all Base Rate Loans shall cease to be determined by reference to LIBOR and (iii) if any of the Lenders may not lawfully continue to maintain a LIBOR Rate Loan to the end of the then current Interest Period applicable thereto, the applicable Loan shall immediately be converted to a Base Rate Loan as to which the interest rate is not determined by reference to LIBOR for the remainder of such Interest Period.
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Section 5.9 Indemnity.
The Borrower hereby indemnifies each of the Lenders against any loss or expense (including any loss or expense arising from the liquidation or reemployment of funds obtained by it to maintain a LIBOR Rate Loan or from fees payable to terminate the deposits from which such funds were obtained) which may arise or be attributable to each Lenders obtaining, liquidating or employing deposits or other funds acquired to effect, fund or maintain any Loan (a) as a consequence of any failure by the Borrower to make any payment when due of any amount due hereunder in connection with a LIBOR Rate Loan, (b) due to any failure of the Borrower to borrow, continue or convert on a date specified therefor in a Notice of Borrowing or Notice of Conversion/Continuation or (c) due to any payment, prepayment or conversion of any LIBOR Rate Loan on a date other than the last day of the Interest Period therefor. The amount of such loss or expense shall be determined, in the applicable Lenders sole discretion, based upon the assumption that such Lender funded its Commitment Percentage of the LIBOR Rate Loans in the London interbank market and using any reasonable attribution or averaging methods which such Lender deems appropriate and practical. The amount of such loss and expense shall be limited to an amount equal to the excess, as reasonably determined by such Lender, of (x) its costs of obtaining funds for the LIBOR Loan that is the subject of an event described in clauses (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 5.9 for the period from the date of such event to the last day of the Interest Period in effect (or that would have been in effect) for such LIBOR Loan over (y) the amount of interest reasonably likely to be realized by such Lender in redeploying the funds released or not utilized by reason of such event for such period. A certificate of such Lender setting forth the basis for determining such amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender shall be forwarded to the Borrower through the Administrative Agent and shall be conclusively presumed to be correct save for manifest error.
Section 5.10 Increased Costs.
(a) Increased Costs Generally. If any Change in Law shall:
(i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or advances, loans or other credit extended or participated in by, any Lender (except any reserve requirement reflected in the LIBOR Rate) or the Issuing Lender;
(ii) subject any Recipient to any Taxes (other than Indemnified Taxes and Excluded Taxes) on its loans, loan principal, letters of credit, commitments, or other obligations, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto, or
(iii) impose on any Lender or the Issuing Lender or the London interbank market any other condition, cost or expense (other than Taxes) affecting this Agreement or Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein;
and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender or such other Recipient of making, converting to, continuing or maintaining any Loan (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan), or to increase the cost to such Lender, the Issuing Lender or
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such other Recipient of participating in, issuing or maintaining any Letter of Credit (or of maintaining its obligation to participate in or to issue any Letter of Credit), or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender, the Issuing Lender or such other Recipient hereunder (whether of principal, interest or any other amount), then, upon written request of such Lender, the Issuing Lender or such other Recipient, the Borrower shall promptly pay to any such Lender, the Issuing Lender or such other Recipient, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or the Issuing Lender, as the case may be, for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered.
(b) Capital Requirements. If any Lender or the Issuing Lender determines that any Change in Law affecting such Lender or the Issuing Lender or any lending office of such Lender or such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders holding company, if any, regarding capital or liquidity requirements has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders capital or on the capital of such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Revolving Credit Commitment of such Lender or the Loans made by, or participations in Letters of Credit held by, such Lender, or the Letters of Credit issued by the Issuing Lender, to a level below that which such Lender or the Issuing Lender or such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders policies and the policies of such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders holding company with respect to capital adequacy), then from time to time upon written request of such Lender or such Issuing Lender the Borrower shall promptly pay to such Lender or the Issuing Lender, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or the Issuing Lender or such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders holding company for any such reduction suffered.
(c) Certificates for Reimbursement. A certificate of a Lender or the Issuing Lender setting forth the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or the Issuing Lender or its holding company, as the case may be, as specified in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section and delivered to the Borrower shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrower shall pay such Lender or the Issuing Lender, as the case may be, the amount shown as due on any such certificate within ten (10) days after receipt thereof.
(d) Delay in Requests. Failure or delay on the part of any Lender or the Issuing Lender to demand compensation pursuant to this Section shall not constitute a waiver of such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders right to demand such compensation; provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender or the Issuing Lender pursuant to this Section for any increased costs incurred or reductions suffered more than six (6) months prior to the date that such Lender or the Issuing Lender, as the case may be, notifies the Borrower of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions, and of such Lenders or the Issuing Lenders intention to claim compensation therefor (except that if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the six-month period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof).
Section 5.11 Taxes.
(a) Issuing Lender. For purposes of this Section 5.11, the term Lender includes any Issuing Lender.
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(b) Payments Free of Taxes. Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower under any Loan Document shall be made without deduction or withholding for any Taxes, except as required by applicable law. If any applicable law (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable Withholding Agent) requires the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by a Withholding Agent, then the applicable Withholding Agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law and, if such Tax is an Indemnified Tax, then the sum payable by the applicable Credit Party shall be increased as necessary so that after such deduction or withholding has been made (including such deductions and withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this Section) the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deduction or withholding been made.
(c) Payment of Other Taxes by the Borrower. The Credit Parties shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law, or at the option of the Administrative Agent timely reimburse it for the payment of, any Other Taxes.
(d) Indemnification by the Borrower. The Credit Parties shall jointly and severally indemnify each Recipient, within 10 days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) payable or paid by such Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to such Recipient and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority; provided, however, that the Credit Parties shall not be obligated to pay any such amounts in respect of Indemnified Taxes to the extent a written demand therefor has not been made by the Recipient within 180 days after the date on which such Recipient received written notice of the imposition of such Indemnified Taxes from the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability (setting forth in reasonable detail the basis for, and calculation of, the applicable Indemnified Taxes) delivered to the Borrower by a Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.
(e) Evidence of Payments. As soon as practicable after any payment of Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes by the Borrower to a Governmental Authority, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
(f) Status of Lenders.
(i) Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, at the time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of
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withholding. In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Sections 5.11(f)(ii)(A), (ii)(B) and (ii)(D) below) shall not be required if in the Lenders reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender.
(ii) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a U.S. Borrower,
(A) any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed originals of IRS Form W-9 certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax;
(B) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), whichever of the following is applicable:
(i) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Loan Document, executed originals of IRS Form W-8BEN establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the interest article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W-8BEN establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the business profits or other income article of such tax treaty;
(ii) executed originals of IRS Form W-8ECI;
(iii) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate satisfactory to the Administrative Agent to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a 10 percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or a
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controlled foreign corporation described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate) and (y) executed originals of IRS Form W-8BEN; or
(iv) to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, executed originals of IRS Form W-8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN, a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, IRS Form W-9, and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate satisfactory to the Administrative Agent on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner;
(C) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed originals of any other form prescribed by applicable law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by Applicable Law to permit the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made; and
(D) if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower and the Administrative Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lenders obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this clause (D), FATCA shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement.
Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so.
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(g) Treatment of Certain Refunds. If any party determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified pursuant to this Section 5.11 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to this Section 5.11), it shall pay to the indemnifying party an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made under this Section with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) of such indemnified party and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund). Such indemnifying party, upon the request of such indemnified party, shall repay to such indemnified party the amount paid over pursuant to this paragraph (g) (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) in the event that such indemnified party is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph (g), in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this paragraph (g) the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the indemnification payments or additional amounts giving rise to such refund had never been paid. This paragraph shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person.
(h) Indemnification of the Administrative Agent. Each Lender and the Issuing Lender shall severally indemnify the Administrative Agent within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for (i) any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that any Credit Party has not already indemnified the Administrative Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Credit Parties to do so), (ii) any Taxes attributable to such Lenders failure to comply with the provisions of Section 12.10(e) relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (iii) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each case, that are payable or paid by the Administrative Agent in connection with any Loan Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Lender hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under any Loan Document or otherwise payable by the Administrative Agent to the Lender from any other source against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this paragraph (h). The agreements in paragraph (h) shall survive the resignation and/or replacement of the Administrative Agent.
(i) Survival. Each partys obligations under this Section 5.11 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all obligations under any Loan Document.
(j) For purposes of determining withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA, from and after the Effective Date, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent shall treat (and the Lenders hereby authorize the Administrative Agent to treat) the Loans as not qualifying as a grandfathered obligation within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.1471-2(b)(2)(i).
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Section 5.12 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders.
(a) Designation of a Different Lending Office. If any Lender requests compensation under Section 5.10, or requires the Borrower to pay additional amounts to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 5.11, then such Lender shall, at the request of the Borrower, use reasonable efforts to designate a different lending office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Section 5.10 or Section 5.11, as the case may be, in the future and (ii) would not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense and would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender. The Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment.
(b) Replacement of Lenders. If any Lender requests compensation under Section 5.10, or if the Borrower is required to pay additional amounts to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 5.11, and, in each case, such Lender has declined or is unable to designate a different lending office in accordance with Section 5.12(a), or if any Lender is a Defaulting Lender or a Non-Consenting Lender, then the Borrower may, at its sole expense and effort, upon notice to such Lender and the Administrative Agent, require such Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in, and consents required by, Section 12.10), all of its interests, rights (other than its existing rights to payments pursuant to Section 5.10 or 5.11) and obligations under this Agreement and the related Loan Documents to an Eligible Assignee that shall assume such obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment); provided that:
(i) the Borrower shall have paid to the Administrative Agent the assignment fee (if any) specified in Section 12.10;
(ii) such Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding principal of its Loans and participations in unreimbursed drawings under Letters of Credit, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (including any amounts under Section 5.9) from the assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts);
(iii) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a claim for compensation under Section 5.10 or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 5.11, such assignment will result in a reduction in such compensation or payments thereafter;
(iv) such assignment does not conflict with Applicable Law; and
(v) in the case of any assignment resulting from a Lender becoming a Non-Consenting Lender, the applicable assignee shall have consented to the applicable amendment, waiver or consent.
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A Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment or delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrower to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply or such Lender shall have irrevocably waived its right to such compensation or payment under Section 5.10 or Section 5.11, as applicable.
Section 5.13 Cash Collateral.
At any time that there shall exist a Defaulting Lender, within five Business Days following the written request of the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), the Borrower shall Cash Collateralize the Fronting Exposure of the Issuing Lender with respect to such Defaulting Lender (determined after giving effect to Section 5.14(a)(iv) and any Cash Collateral provided by such Defaulting Lender) in an amount sufficient to cover all Fronting Exposure.
(a) Grant of Security Interest. The Borrower and, to the extent provided by any Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender, hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Issuing Lender, and agrees to maintain, a first priority security interest in all such Cash Collateral as security for the Defaulting Lenders obligation to fund participations in respect of L/C Obligations, to be applied pursuant to subsection (b) below. If at any time the Administrative Agent determines that Cash Collateral is subject to any right or claim of any Person other than the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender as herein provided, or that the total amount of such Cash Collateral is less than the applicable Fronting Exposure and other obligations secured thereby, the Borrower will, promptly upon demand by the Administrative Agent, pay or provide to the Administrative Agent additional Cash Collateral in an amount sufficient to eliminate such deficiency (after giving effect to any Cash Collateral provided by the Defaulting Lender).
(b) Application. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Cash Collateral provided under this Section 5.13 or Section 5.14 in respect of Letters of Credit shall be applied to the satisfaction of the Defaulting Lenders obligation to fund participations in respect of L/C Obligations (including, as to Cash Collateral provided by a Defaulting Lender, any interest accrued on such obligation) for which the Cash Collateral was so provided prior to any other application of such property as may otherwise be provided for herein.
(c) Termination of Requirement. Cash Collateral (or the appropriate portion thereof) provided to reduce the Fronting Exposure of the Issuing Lender shall no longer be required to be held as Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 5.13 following (i) the elimination of the applicable Fronting Exposure (including by the termination of Defaulting Lender status of the applicable Lender), or (ii) the determination by the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender that there exists excess Cash Collateral; provided that, subject to Section 5.14, the Person providing Cash Collateral and the Issuing Lender may agree that Cash Collateral shall be held to support future anticipated Fronting Exposure or other obligations; provided, further, that to the extent that such Cash Collateral was provided by the Borrower, such Cash Collateral shall remain subject to the security interest granted pursuant to the Loan Documents.
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Section 5.14 Defaulting Lenders.
(a) Defaulting Lender Adjustments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then, until such time as such Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law:
(i) Waivers and Amendments. Such Defaulting Lenders right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent with respect to this Agreement shall be restricted as set forth in the definition of Required Lenders.
(ii) Defaulting Lender Waterfall. Any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts received by the Administrative Agent for the account of such Defaulting Lender (whether voluntary or mandatory, at maturity, pursuant to Article X or otherwise) or received by the Administrative Agent from a Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 12.4 shall be applied at such time or times as may be determined by the Administrative Agent as follows: first, to the payment of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent hereunder; second, to the payment on a pro rata basis of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Issuing Lender hereunder; third, to Cash Collateralize the Fronting Exposure of the Issuing Lender with respect to such Defaulting Lender in accordance with Section 5.13; fourth, as the Borrower may request (so long as no Default or Event of Default exists), to the funding of any Loan or funded participation in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has failed to fund its portion thereof as required by this Agreement, as determined by the Administrative Agent, or to the refund of any Cash Collateral provided by the Borrower; fifth, if so determined by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, to be held in a deposit account and released pro rata in order to (A) satisfy such Defaulting Lenders potential future funding obligations with respect to Loans and funded participations under this Agreement and (B) Cash Collateralize the Issuing Lenders future Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender with respect to future Letters of Credit issued under this Agreement, in accordance with Section 5.13; sixth, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Lenders or the Issuing Lender as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by any Lender or the Issuing Lender against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lenders breach of its obligations under this Agreement; seventh, so long as no Default or Event of Default exists, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Borrower as a result of such Defaulting Lenders breach of its obligations under this Agreement; and eighth, to such Defaulting Lender or as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided that if (1) such payment is a payment of the principal amount of any Loans or funded participations in Letters of Credit in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has not fully funded its appropriate share, and (2) such Loans were made or the related Letters of Credit were issued at a time when the conditions set forth in Section 6.2 were satisfied or waived, such payment shall be applied solely to pay the Loans of, and funded participations in Letters of Credit owed to, all Non-Defaulting Lenders on a pro rata basis prior to being applied to the payment of any Loans of, or funded participations in Letters of Credit owed to, such Defaulting Lender until such time as all Loans and funded and unfunded participations in L/C Obligations are held by the Lenders pro rata in accordance with the Revolving Credit Commitments under the applicable Revolving Credit Facility without giving effect to Section 5.14(a)(iv). Any payments, prepayments or other amounts paid or payable to a
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Defaulting Lender that are applied (or held) to pay amounts owed by a Defaulting Lender or to post Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 5.14(a)(ii) shall be deemed paid to and redirected by such Defaulting Lender, and each Lender irrevocably consents hereto.
(iii) Certain Fees.
(A) No Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive any Commitment Fee for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender (and the Borrower shall not be required to pay any such fee that otherwise would have been required to have been paid to that Defaulting Lender).
(B) Each Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive letter of credit commissions pursuant to Section 3.3 for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender only to the extent allocable to its Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage of the stated amount of Letters of Credit for which it has provided Cash Collateral pursuant to Section 5.13.
(C) With respect to any letter of credit commission not required to be paid to any Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (B) above, the Borrower shall (1) pay to each Non-Defaulting Lender that portion of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender with respect to such Defaulting Lenders participation in L/C Obligations that has been reallocated to such Non-Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (iv) below, (2) pay to each Issuing Lender the amount of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender to the extent allocable to such Issuing Lenders Fronting Exposure to such Defaulting Lender (excluding any Fronting Exposure covered by Cash Collateral provided by the Borrower under Section 5.13), and (3) not be required to pay the remaining amount of any such fee.
(iv) Reallocation of Participations to Reduce Fronting Exposure. All or any part of such Defaulting Lenders participation in L/C Obligations and Letters of Credit to be issued shall be reallocated among the Non-Defaulting Lenders in accordance with their respective Revolving Credit Commitment Percentages (calculated without regard to such Defaulting Lenders Revolving Credit Commitment) but only to the extent that (x) the conditions set forth in Section 6.2 are satisfied at the time of such reallocation (and, unless the Borrower shall have otherwise notified the Administrative Agent at such time, the Borrower shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that such conditions are satisfied at such time), and (y) such reallocation does not cause the aggregate Revolving Credit Exposure of any Non-Defaulting Lender to exceed such Non-Defaulting Lenders Revolving Commitment. No reallocation hereunder shall constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder against a Defaulting Lender arising from that Lender having become a Defaulting Lender, including any claim of a Non-Defaulting Lender as a result of such Non-Defaulting Lenders increased exposure following such reallocation.
(b) Defaulting Lender Cure. If the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender agree in writing that a Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, the
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Administrative Agent will so notify the parties hereto, whereupon as of the effective date specified in such notice and subject to any conditions set forth therein (which may include arrangements with respect to any Cash Collateral), such Lender will, to the extent applicable, purchase at par that portion of outstanding Loans of the other Lenders or take such other actions as the Administrative Agent may determine to be necessary to cause the Loans and funded and unfunded participations in Letters of Credit to be held pro rata by the Lenders in accordance with the Commitments under the applicable Facility (without giving effect to Section 5.14(a)(iv)), whereupon such Lender will cease to be a Defaulting Lender; provided that no adjustments will be made retroactively with respect to fees accrued or payments made by or on behalf of the Borrower while that Lender was a Defaulting Lender; provided, further, that except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no change hereunder from Defaulting Lender to Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lenders having been a Defaulting Lender; provided, further, that upon such Defaulting Lender becoming a Non-Defaulting Lender, the Administrative Agent shall return to the Borrower any Cash Collateral provided by the Borrower under Section 5.13 with respect to such Lender.
(c) New Letters of Credit. So long as any Lender is a Defaulting Lender, no Issuing Lender shall be required to issue, extend, renew or increase any Letter of Credit unless it is satisfied that it will have no Fronting Exposure after giving effect thereto (taking into account Section 5.14(a)(iv)).
Section 5.15 Increase to Revolving Credit Commitments.
The Borrower may, at any time and from time to time, upon prior written notice by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent increase the aggregate Revolving Credit Commitments (but not the L/C Commitment) by a maximum aggregate amount of THIRTY MILLION DOLLARS ($30,000,000) (less the amount of any Further Incremental Term Loans made pursuant to Section 4.1(c) and (without duplication) less any unfunded Further Incremental Term Loan Commitments made pursuant to Section 4.1(c) then in effect) with additional Revolving Credit Commitments from any existing Lender with a Revolving Credit Commitment or new Revolving Credit Commitments from any other Person selected by the Borrower and reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer (each, an Incremental Revolving Credit Commitment); provided that:
(A) any such increase shall be in a minimum principal amount of $5,000,000 and in integral multiples of $1,000,000 in excess thereof;
(B) no Default or Event of Default shall exist and be continuing at the time of any such increase;
(C) the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall have received from the Borrower an Officers Compliance Certificate demonstrating, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that the Borrower is in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 9.14 based on the financial statements most recently delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(a) or 8.1(b), as applicable, both before and after giving effect (on a Pro Forma Basis) to (x) any Incremental Revolving Credit Commitment and (y) the making of any Revolving Credit Loans pursuant thereto and the application of proceeds thereof;
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(D) no existing Lender shall be under any obligation to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment and any such decision whether to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment shall be in such Lenders sole and absolute discretion;
(E) (1) any new Lender shall join this Agreement by executing such joinder documents reasonably required by the Administrative Agent and (2) any existing Lender electing to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment shall have executed a commitment agreement reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;
(F) as a condition precedent to such increase, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of each Credit Party dated as of the date of such increase (in sufficient copies for each Lender) signed by a Responsible Officer of such Credit Party (1) certifying and attaching the resolutions adopted by such Credit Party approving or consenting to such increase, and (2) in the case of the Borrower, certifying that, before and after giving effect to such increase, (x) the representations and warranties contained in Article VII are true and correct in all material respects (except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects) on and as of the date of such increase, with the same effect as if made on and as of such date (except for any such representation and warranty that by its terms is made only as of an earlier date, which representation and warranty shall remain true and correct in all material respects, except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects, in each case as of such earlier date), and (y) no Default or Event of Default exists;
(G) Schedule 1.1(a) shall be deemed revised to include any increase in the aggregate Revolving Credit Commitments pursuant to this Section 5.15 and to include thereon any Person that becomes a Lender pursuant to this Section 5.15;
(H) from and after the effectiveness of any Incremental Revolving Credit Commitments, the Loans and Revolving Credit Commitments established pursuant to this Section 5.15 shall constitute Loans and Revolving Credit Commitments under, and shall be entitled to all the benefits afforded by, this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and shall, without limiting the foregoing, benefit equally and ratably from the guarantees and security interests created by the applicable Security Documents;
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(I) the terms of each Incremental Revolving Credit Commitment shall be the same as those of the Revolving Credit Commitments that are increased; and
(J) the Borrower shall prepay any Revolving Credit Loans owing by it and outstanding on the date of any such increase (and pay any additional amounts required pursuant to Section 5.9) to the extent necessary to keep the outstanding Revolving Credit Loans ratable with any revised Revolving Credit Commitments arising from any nonratable increase in the Revolving Credit Commitments under this Section and each of the parties hereto hereby agrees that the Administrative Agent may, in consultation with the Borrower, take any and all action as may be reasonably necessary to ensure that, upon the effectiveness of each Incremental Revolving Credit Commitment, the Lender providing each Incremental Revolving Credit Commitment shares ratably in the aggregate principal amount of all outstanding Revolving Credit Loans and L/C Obligations.
ARTICLE VI
CONDITIONS OF CLOSING AND BORROWING
Section 6.1 Conditions to Closing and Additional Incremental Term Loan.
The obligation of the Lenders to amend and restate the Existing Credit Agreement pursuant to the terms set forth herein and to make the Additional Incremental Term Loan is subject to the satisfaction of each of the following conditions:
(a) Executed Loan Documents. This Agreement, a Revolving Credit Note in favor of each Lender requesting a Revolving Credit Note, a Term Loan Note in favor of each Lender requesting a Term Loan Note and the applicable Security Documents, together with any other applicable Loan Documents, shall have been duly authorized, executed and delivered to the Administrative Agent by the parties thereto, shall be in full force and effect and no Default or Event of Default shall exist hereunder or thereunder.
(b) Closing Certificates; Etc. The Administrative Agent shall have received each of the following in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent:
(i) Officers Certificate. A certificate from a Responsible Officer of the Borrower to the effect that (A) all representations and warranties of the Credit Parties contained in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents are true and correct in all material respects (except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects) on and as of the Effective Date with the same effect as if made on and as of such date (except for any such representation and warranty that by its terms is made only as of an earlier date, which representation and warranty shall remain true and correct in all material respects, except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material
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Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects, in each case as of such earlier date); (B) after giving effect to the Transactions, no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; (C) since September 27, 2014, no event has occurred or condition arisen, either individually or in the aggregate, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (D) each of the Credit Parties, as applicable, has satisfied each of the conditions set forth in Section 6.1 and Section 6.2.
(ii) Certificate of Secretary of each Credit Party. A certificate of a Responsible Officer of each Credit Party (A) certifying as to the incumbency and genuineness of the signature of each officer of such Credit Party executing Loan Documents to which it is a party, (B) certifying that such Credit Party has not modified its articles or certificate of incorporation or formation or its bylaws, operating agreement or other governing document since the Second Amendment Effective Date or, if such documents have not previously been delivered or have been so modified, attaching copies of such documents and (C) certifying that attached thereto is a true, correct and complete copy of resolutions duly adopted by the board of directors (or other governing body) of such Credit Party authorizing and approving the transactions contemplated hereunder and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party.
(iii) Certificates of Good Standing. Certificates as of a recent date of the good standing of each Credit Party under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization.
(iv) Opinions of Counsel. Favorable opinions of counsel to the Credit Parties addressed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with respect to the Credit Parties, the Loan Documents and such other matters as the Lenders shall request (which such opinions shall expressly permit reliance by permitted successors and assigns of the addressees thereof).
(c) Personal Property Collateral.
(i) Filings and Recordings. The Administrative Agent shall have received all filings and recordations to be made that are necessary to perfect the security interests of the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, in the Collateral, and the Administrative Agent shall have received evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent that upon such filings and recordations such security interests constitute valid and perfected first priority Liens thereon.
(ii) Pledged Collateral. The Administrative Agent shall have received, to the extent required to be delivered under the Security Documents, (A) original stock certificates or other certificates, if any, evidencing the Capital Stock pledged pursuant to the Security Documents, together with an undated stock power for each such certificate duly executed in blank by the registered owner thereof and (B) each original promissory note, if any, pledged pursuant to the Security Documents, together with an undated endorsement for each such promissory note duly executed in blank by the holder thereof.
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(iii) Lien Search. The Administrative Agent shall have received the results of a Lien search (including a search as to judgments, pending litigation, bankruptcy, tax and intellectual property matters), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory thereto, made against the Credit Parties under the Uniform Commercial Code (or applicable judicial docket) as in effect in each jurisdiction in which filings or recordations under the Uniform Commercial Code should be made to evidence or perfect security interests in all assets of such Credit Party, indicating among other things that the assets of each such Credit Party are free and clear of any Lien (except for Permitted Liens).
(d) Consents; Defaults.
(i) Governmental and Third Party Approvals. The Credit Parties shall have received all material governmental, shareholder and third party consents and approvals necessary in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the other transactions contemplated hereby.
(ii) No Injunction, Etc. No action, proceeding, investigation, regulation or legislation shall have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened or proposed before any Governmental Authority that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Financial Matters.
(i) Financial Statements. The Administrative Agent shall have received (A) the audited Consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of September 27, 2014 and the related audited statements of income and retained earnings and cash flows for the fiscal year then ended and (B) the unaudited Consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of December 28, 2014 and related unaudited interim statements of income and retained earnings.
(ii) Financial Condition/Solvency Certificate. The Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, and certified as accurate by the chief financial officer of the Borrower, certifying that (A) after giving effect to the Transactions, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, on a Consolidated basis, are Solvent and (B) attached thereto are calculations evidencing that Consolidated EBITDA for the twelve month period ended December 28, 2014 (calculated on a Pro Forma Basis to give effect to the Transactions and any other adjustments reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent) is at least $26,500,000.
(iii) Payment at Closing. The Borrower shall have paid (A) to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders the fees owing on the Effective Date set forth or referenced in Section 5.3(b) and any other accrued and unpaid fees or commissions due hereunder, (B) all fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent (directly to such counsel if requested by the Administrative Agent) to the extent accrued and unpaid prior to or on the Effective Date and payable under Section 12.3 and (C) to any other Person such amount as may be due thereto in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including all taxes, fees and other charges in connection with the execution, delivery, recording, filing and registration of any of the Loan Documents.
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(f) Miscellaneous.
(i) Notice of Borrowing. The Administrative Agent shall have received a Notice of Borrowing from the Borrower in accordance with Section 2.2(a) and Section 4.2, and a Notice of Account Designation specifying the account or accounts to which the proceeds of any Loans made on or after the Effective Date are to be disbursed.
(ii) PATRIOT Act. The Borrower and each of the Guarantors shall have provided to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders the documentation and other information requested by the Administrative Agent in order to comply with requirements of the PATRIOT Act.
(iii) Other Documents. All opinions, certificates and other instruments and all proceedings in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall have received copies of all other documents, certificates and instruments reasonably requested by it with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Without limiting the generality of the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 11.3, for purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 6.1, the Administrative Agent and each Lender that has signed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the proposed Effective Date specifying its objection thereto.
Section 6.2 Conditions to All Extensions of Credit.
The obligations of the Lenders to make or participate in any Extensions of Credit (including the initial Extension of Credit) and/or the Issuing Lender to issue or extend any Letter of Credit are subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent on the relevant borrowing, issuance or extension date:
(a) Continuation of Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties contained in Article VII shall be true and correct in all material respects (except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects) on and as of such borrowing, issuance or extension date with the same effect as if made on and as of such date (except for any such representation and warranty that by its terms is made only as of an earlier date, which representation and warranty shall remain true and correct in all material respects, except for any representation and warranty that is qualified by materiality or reference to Material Adverse Effect, which such representation and warranty shall be true and correct in all respects, in each case as of such earlier date).
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(b) No Existing Default. No Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (i) on the borrowing date with respect to such Loan or after giving effect to the Loans to be made on such date or (ii) on the issuance or extension date with respect to such Letter of Credit or after giving effect to the issuance or extension of such Letter of Credit on such date.
(c) Notices. With respect to the borrowing of any Loan, the Administrative Agent shall have received a Notice of Borrowing from the Borrower in accordance with Section 2.2(a) or Section 4.2, as applicable.
(d) Revolving Credit Loans for Permitted Acquisitions. At any time following the increase of the aggregate Revolving Credit Commitments pursuant to Section 5.15, with respect to the borrowing of any Revolving Credit Loan, the proceeds of which will be used for a Permitted Acquisition, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall have received from the Borrower an Officers Compliance Certificate demonstrating, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that the Consolidated Leverage Ratio is not greater than 5.25 to 1.00 based on the financial statements most recently delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(a) or 8.1(b), as applicable, both before and after giving effect (on a Pro Forma Basis) to the making of such Revolving Credit Loan and the application of proceeds thereof in connection with such Permitted Acquisition.
ARTICLE VII
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE CREDIT PARTIES
To induce the Administrative Agent and Lenders to enter into this Agreement and to induce the Lenders to make Extensions of Credit, the Credit Parties hereby represent and warrant to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders both before and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereunder, which representations and warranties shall be deemed made on the Effective Date and as otherwise set forth in Section 6.2, that:
Section 7.1 Organization; Power; Qualification.
Each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof (a) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation, (b) has the power and authority to own its Properties and to carry on its business as now being and hereafter proposed to be conducted and (c) is duly qualified and authorized to do business in each jurisdiction in which the character of its Properties or the nature of its business requires such qualification and authorization except in jurisdictions where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 7.2 Ownership.
Each Subsidiary of each Credit Party as of the Effective Date is listed on Schedule 7.2. As of the Effective Date, the capitalization of each Credit Party and its Subsidiaries consists of the number of shares, authorized, issued and outstanding, of such classes and series, with or without par value, described on Schedule 7.2. All outstanding shares have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and, as of the Effective Date, are not subject to any preemptive or similar rights, except as described in Schedule 7.2. The
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shareholders or other owners, as applicable, of each Credit Party and its Subsidiaries and the number of shares owned by each as of the Effective Date are described on Schedule 7.2. As of the Effective Date, there are no outstanding stock purchase warrants, subscriptions, options, securities, instruments or other rights of any type or nature whatsoever, which are convertible into, exchangeable for or otherwise provide for or require the issuance of Capital Stock of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, except as described on Schedule 7.2.
Section 7.3 Authorization; Enforceability.
Each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof has the right, power and authority and has taken all necessary corporate and other action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents to which it is a party in accordance with their respective terms. This Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents have been duly executed and delivered by the duly authorized officers of each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof that is a party thereto, and each such document constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof that is a party thereto, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar state or federal debtor relief laws from time to time in effect which affect the enforcement of creditors rights in general and the availability of equitable remedies.
Section 7.4 Compliance of Agreement, Loan Documents and Borrowing with Laws, Etc.
The execution, delivery and performance by each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof of the Loan Documents to which each such Person is a party, in accordance with their respective terms, the Extensions of Credit hereunder and the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not, by the passage of time, the giving of notice or otherwise, (a) require any Governmental Approval or violate any Applicable Law relating to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof where the failure to obtain such Governmental Approval or such violation could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (b) conflict with, result in a breach of or constitute a default under the articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, (c) conflict with, result in a breach of or constitute a default under any indenture, agreement or other instrument to which such Person is a party or by which any of its properties may be bound or any Governmental Approval relating to such Person, which could, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (d) result in or require the creation or imposition of any Lien upon or with respect to any property now owned or hereafter acquired by such Person other than Permitted Liens or (e) require any consent or authorization of, filing with, or other act in respect of, an arbitrator or Governmental Authority and no consent of any other Person is required in connection with the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement other than (i) consents, authorizations, filings or other acts or consents for which the failure to obtain or make could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) consents or filings under the UCC and (iii) filings with the United States Copyright Office and/or the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
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Section 7.5 Compliance with Law; Governmental Approvals.
Each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof (i) has all Governmental Approvals required by any Applicable Law for it to conduct its business, each of which is in full force and effect, is final and not subject to review on appeal and is not the subject of any pending or, to its knowledge, threatened attack by direct or collateral proceeding, (ii) is in compliance with each Governmental Approval applicable to it and in compliance with all other Applicable Laws relating to it or any of its respective properties and (iii) has timely filed all material reports, documents and other materials required to be filed by it under all Applicable Laws with any Governmental Authority and has retained all material records and documents required to be retained by it under Applicable Law, except in the case of each of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) where the failure to have, comply or file could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 7.6 Tax Returns and Payments.
Each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof has duly filed or caused to be filed all federal and other material tax and information returns required by Applicable Law to be filed, except as set forth on Schedule 7.6, and has paid, or made adequate provision for the payment of, all federal and other material taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies upon it and its property, income, profits and assets which are due and payable (other than any amount the validity of which is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in conformity with GAAP have been provided for on the books of the relevant Credit Party). Such returns accurately reflect in all material respects all liability for taxes of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof for the periods covered thereby, except as set forth on Schedule 7.6. There is no proposed tax assessment against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary that would, if made, have a Material Adverse Effect (other than any proposed tax assessment which is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in conformity with GAAP have been provided for on the books of the relevant Person). No Governmental Authority has asserted any Lien or other claim against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof with respect to unpaid taxes which has not been discharged or resolved (other than (a) any amount the validity of which is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in conformity with GAAP have been provided for on the books of the relevant Credit Party and (b) Permitted Liens). The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof in respect of federal, state, local and other taxes for all fiscal years and portions thereof since the organization of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof are in the judgment of the Borrower adequate, and the Borrower does not anticipate any material additional taxes or assessments for any of such years.
Section 7.7 Intellectual Property Matters.
Each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof owns, is licensed to use or possesses rights to use all material copyrights, copyright applications, patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks and trade names (any or all of such items, Intellectual Property) which are reasonably necessary to conduct its business, except for such Intellectual Property the failure of which to own, license or possess the right to use could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of each Credit Party, (i) no event has occurred which permits, or after notice or lapse of time or both would permit, the revocation
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or termination of any such rights (other than the expiration of rights in Intellectual Property at the end of its statutory term) except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (ii) no Credit Party nor any Subsidiary thereof materially infringes the Intellectual Property owned by any other Person under Applicable Law as a result of its business operations except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Set forth on Schedule 7.7 is a complete and accurate list as of the Effective Date of all registered or issued Intellectual Property (including all applications for registration and issuance) owned by each of the Credit Parties (including the name/title, current owner, registration or application number, and registration or application date).
Section 7.8 Environmental Matters.
Except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect:
(a) The properties owned, leased or operated by each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof now or in the past do not contain, and to their knowledge have not previously contained, any Hazardous Materials in amounts or concentrations which constitute or constituted a violation of applicable Environmental Laws;
(b) Each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof and such properties and all operations conducted in connection therewith are in compliance, and, to the knowledge of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, have been in compliance, with all applicable Environmental Laws, and there is no contamination at, under or about such properties or such operations which could interfere with the continued operation of such properties or impair the fair saleable value thereof;
(c) No Credit Party nor any Subsidiary thereof has received any written notice of violation, alleged violation, non-compliance, liability or potential liability regarding environmental matters, Hazardous Materials, or compliance with Environmental Laws, nor does any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof have knowledge or reason to believe that any such notice will be received or is being threatened;
(d) Hazardous Materials have not been transported or disposed of to or from the properties owned, leased or operated by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof in violation of, or in a manner or to a location which could give rise to liability under, Environmental Laws, nor have any Hazardous Materials been generated, treated, stored or disposed of at, on or under any of such properties in violation of, or in a manner that could give rise to liability under, any applicable Environmental Laws;
(e) No judicial proceedings or governmental or administrative action is pending, or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened, under any Environmental Law to which any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof is or will be named as a potentially responsible party with respect to such properties or operations conducted in connection therewith, nor are there any consent decrees or other decrees, consent orders, administrative orders or other orders, or other administrative or judicial requirements outstanding under any Environmental Law with respect to any Credit Party, any Subsidiary thereof or such properties or such operations; and
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(f) There has been no release, or to the best of the Borrowers knowledge, threat of release, of Hazardous Materials at or from properties owned, leased or operated by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, now or in the past, in violation of or in amounts or in a manner that could give rise to liability under Environmental Laws.
Section 7.9 Employee Benefit Matters.
(a) As of the Effective Date, no Credit Party maintains or contributes to, or has any obligation under, any Employee Benefit Plans other than those identified on Schedule 7.9;
(b) Each Credit Party is in compliance with all applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder with respect to all Employee Benefit Plans except for any required amendments for which the remedial amendment period as defined in Section 401(b) of the Code has not yet expired and except where a failure to so comply could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each Employee Benefit Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has been determined by the IRS to be so qualified, and each trust related to such plan has been determined to be exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code except for such plans that have not yet received determination letters but for which the remedial amendment period for submitting a determination letter has not yet expired. No liability has been incurred by any Credit Party which remains unsatisfied for any taxes or penalties assessed with respect to any Employee Benefit Plan or any Multiemployer Plan except for a liability that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
(c) Except where the failure of any of the following representations to be correct could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, as of the Effective Date, no Pension Plan has been terminated, nor has any Pension Plan become subject to funding based benefit restrictions under Section 436 of the Code, nor has any funding waiver from the IRS been received or requested with respect to any Pension Plan, nor has any Credit Party failed to make any contributions or to pay any amounts due and owing as required by Sections 412 or 430 of the Code, Section 302 of ERISA or the terms of any Pension Plan prior to the due dates of such contributions under Sections 412 or 430 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, nor has there been any event requiring any disclosure under Section 4041(c)(3)(C) or 4063(a) of ERISA with respect to any Pension Plan;
(d) Except where the failure of any of the following representations to be correct could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no Credit Party has: (i) engaged in a nonexempt prohibited transaction described in Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, (ii) incurred any liability to the PBGC which remains outstanding other than the payment of premiums and there are no premium payments which are due and unpaid, (iii) failed to make a required contribution or payment to a Multiemployer Plan, or (iv) failed to make a required installment or other required payment under Sections 412 or 430 of the Code;
(e) No Termination Event has occurred; and
(f) Except where the failure of any of the following representations to be correct in all material respects could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no
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proceeding, claim (other than a benefits claim in the ordinary course of business), lawsuit and/or investigation is existing or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened concerning or involving (i) any employee welfare benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA) currently maintained or contributed to by any Credit Party, (ii) any Pension Plan or (iii) any Multiemployer Plan.
Section 7.10 Margin Stock.
No Credit Party nor any Subsidiary thereof is engaged principally or as one of its activities in the business of extending credit for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin stock (as each such term is defined or used, directly or indirectly, in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System). No part of the proceeds of any of the Loans or Letters of Credit will be used for purchasing or carrying margin stock or for any purpose which violates, or which would be inconsistent with, the provisions of Regulation T, U or X of such Board of Governors. Following the application of the proceeds of each Extension of Credit, not more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the value of the assets (either of the Borrower only or of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a Consolidated basis) subject to the provisions of Section 9.2 or Section 9.5 or subject to any restriction contained in any agreement or instrument between the Borrower and any Lender or any Affiliate of any Lender relating to Indebtedness in excess of the Threshold Amount will be margin stock. If requested by any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) or the Administrative Agent, the Borrower will furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender a statement to the foregoing effect in conformity with the requirements of FR Form G-3 or FR Form U 1 referred to in Regulation U.
Section 7.11 Government Regulation.
No Credit Party nor any Subsidiary thereof is an investment company (as such term is defined or used in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended), and no Credit Party nor any Subsidiary thereof is, or after giving effect to any Extension of Credit will be, subject to regulation under the Interstate Commerce Act, as amended, or any other Applicable Law which limits its ability to incur or consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 7.12 Contractual Obligations.
No Credit Party nor any Subsidiary thereof (nor, to the knowledge of the Borrower, any other party thereto) is in breach of or in default under or with respect to any Contractual Obligation in any respect which, individually or together with all such defaults, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 7.13 Employee Relations.
As of the Effective Date, no Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof is party to any collective bargaining agreement nor has any labor union been recognized as the representative of its employees except as set forth on Schedule 7.13. The Borrower knows of no pending, threatened or contemplated strikes, work stoppage or other collective labor disputes involving its employees or those of its Subsidiaries that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
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Section 7.14 Financial Statements.
The audited and unaudited financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 6.1(e)(i) are complete and correct and fairly present on a Consolidated basis the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at such dates, and the results of the operations and changes of financial position for the periods then ended (other than customary year-end adjustments for unaudited financial statements). All such financial statements, including the related schedules and notes thereto, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Section 7.15 No Material Adverse Change.
Since September 27, 2014, no event has occurred or condition arisen, either individually or in the aggregate, that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 7.16 Solvency.
The Credit Parties, on a Consolidated basis, are Solvent.
Section 7.17 Titles to Properties.
As of the Effective Date, the real property listed on Schedule 7.17 constitutes all of the real property that is owned, leased or subleased by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries. Each Credit Party and each Subsidiary thereof has such title to the real property owned or leased by it as is necessary or desirable to the conduct of its business and valid and legal title to all of its personal property and assets, except those which have been disposed of by the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries subsequent to such date which dispositions have been in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise expressly permitted hereunder.
Section 7.18 Litigation.
There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending nor, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened against or in any other way relating adversely to or affecting any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof or any of their respective properties in any court or before any arbitrator of any kind or before or by any Governmental Authority that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 7.19 OFAC.
No Credit Party nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) is an enemy or an ally of the enemy within the meaning of Section 2 of the Trading with the Enemy Act of the United States (50 U.S.C. App. §§ 1 et seq.), as amended, (ii) is in violation of (A) the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, (B) any of the foreign assets control regulations of the United States Treasury Department (31 CFR, Subtitle B, Chapter V, as amended) or any enabling legislation or executive order relating thereto or (C) the PATRIOT Act, (iii) is a Sanctioned Person, (iv) has more than 10% of its assets in Sanctioned Countries, or (v) derives more than 10% of its operating income from investments in, or transactions with, Sanctioned Persons or Sanctioned Countries. No part of the proceeds of any Extension of Credit hereunder will be used directly or indirectly to fund any operations in, finance any investments or activities in, or make any payments to, a Sanctioned Person or a Sanctioned Country.
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Section 7.20 Absence of Defaults.
No event has occurred or is continuing which constitutes a Default or an Event of Default.
Section 7.21 Investment Bankers and Similar Fees.
No Credit Party has any obligation to any Person in respect of any finders, brokers, investment banking or other similar fee in connection with any of the Transactions.
Section 7.22 Disclosure.
The Borrower and/or its Subsidiaries have disclosed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders all agreements, instruments and corporate or other restrictions to which any Credit Party and any Subsidiary thereof are subject, and all other matters known to them, that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. No financial statement, material report, material certificate or other material information furnished (whether in writing or orally) by or on behalf of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and the negotiation of this Agreement or delivered hereunder (as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished), taken together as a whole, contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that, with respect to projected financial information, pro forma financial information, estimated financial information and other projected or estimated information, such information represents the Borrowers reasonable good faith estimate of the Borrowers future financial performance and the related assumptions are believed by Borrower to be fair in light of current business conditions; provided, further, that the Borrower can give no assurance that such projections will be attained.
Section 7.23 Inactive Companies.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, no Inactive Company employs any employees, owns any assets, has incurred any obligations or conducts any business activity, in each case, other than as described on Schedule 7.23.
Section 7.24 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
Each of the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries is in compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1, et seq., and any foreign counterpart thereto. None of the Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries has made a payment, offering, or promise to pay, or authorized the payment of, money or anything of value (i) in order to assist in obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to, any foreign official, foreign political party, party official or candidate for foreign political office, (ii) to a foreign official, foreign
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political party or party official or any candidate for foreign political office, and (iii) with the intent to induce the recipient to misuse his or her official position to direct business wrongfully to such Credit Party or its Subsidiary or to any other Person, in each case in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1, et seq.
ARTICLE VIII
AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
Until all of the Obligations under the Loan Documents (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) have been paid and satisfied in full in cash, all Letters of Credit have been terminated or expired (or been Cash Collateralized) and the Commitments have been terminated, each Credit Party will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to:
Section 8.1 Financial Statements and Budgets.
Deliver to the Administrative Agent, in form and detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (which shall promptly make such information available to the Lenders in accordance with its customary practice):
(a) Annual Financial Statements. As soon as practicable and in any event within one hundred twenty (120) days (or, if earlier, on the date of any required public filing thereof) after the end of each fiscal year (commencing with the 2011 fiscal year), an audited Consolidated and consolidating balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the close of such fiscal year and audited Consolidated and consolidating statements of income, retained earnings and cash flows including the notes thereto, all in reasonable detail setting forth in comparative form the corresponding figures as of the end of and for the preceding fiscal year and prepared in accordance with GAAP and, if applicable, containing disclosure of the effect on the financial position or results of operations of any change in the application of accounting principles and practices during the year. Such annual financial statements shall be audited by an independent certified public accounting firm of recognized national standing acceptable to the Administrative Agent, and accompanied by a report and opinion thereon by such certified public accountants prepared in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards that is not subject to any going concern or similar qualification or exception or any qualification as to the scope of such audit.
(b) Quarterly Financial Statements. As soon as practicable and in any event within forty-five (45) (or, if earlier, on the date of any required public filing thereof) days after the end of each fiscal quarter of each fiscal year (commencing with the last fiscal quarter of the 2011 fiscal year), an unaudited Consolidated and consolidating balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the close of such fiscal quarter and unaudited Consolidated and consolidating statements of income, retained earnings and cash flows and a report containing managements discussion and analysis of such financial statements for the fiscal quarter then ended and that portion of the fiscal year then ended, including the notes thereto and same store sales for each month of the fiscal quarter then ended and for that portion of the fiscal year then ended, all in reasonable detail setting forth in comparative form the corresponding figures as of the end of and
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for the corresponding period in the preceding fiscal year and prepared by the Borrower in accordance with GAAP and, if applicable, containing disclosure of the effect on the financial position or results of operations of any change in the application of accounting principles and practices during the period, and certified by the chief financial officer of the Borrower to present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a Consolidated and consolidating basis as of their respective dates and the results of operations of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the respective periods then ended, subject to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnotes; provided that, after the consummation of the IPO, the Borrower shall only be required to deliver such managements discussion and analysis and comparative prior period figures that are consistent with the financial disclosure requirements imposed by law or regulation on a public reporting company.
(c) Annual Business Plan and Budget. As soon as practicable and in any event within forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal year, a business plan and operating and capital budget of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the ensuing four (4) fiscal quarters, such plan to include, on a quarterly basis, the following: a quarterly operating and capital budget, a projected income statement, statement of cash flows and balance sheet, calculations demonstrating projected compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 9.14 and a report containing managements discussion and analysis of such budget with a reasonable disclosure of the key assumptions and drivers with respect to such budget, accompanied by a certificate from a Responsible Officer of the Borrower to the effect that such budget contains good faith estimates (utilizing assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time of delivery of such budget) of the financial position and operations of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period.
Section 8.2 Certificates; Other Reports.
Deliver to the Administrative Agent (which shall promptly make such information available to the Lenders in accordance with its customary practice):
(a) at each time financial statements are delivered pursuant to Sections 8.1(a) or (b), a duly completed Officers Compliance Certificate signed by the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, treasurer or controller of the Borrower and a report containing managements discussion and analysis of such financial statements; provided that, after the consummation of the IPO, the Borrower shall only be required to deliver such managements discussion and analysis that is consistent with the financial disclosure requirements imposed by law or regulation on a public reporting company;
(b) promptly upon receipt thereof, copies of all final reports, if any, submitted to any Credit Party, any Subsidiary thereof or any of their respective boards of directors by their respective independent public accountants in connection with their auditing function, including, without limitation, any final management report and any management responses thereto;
(c) promptly after the furnishing thereof, copies of any statement or report furnished to any holder of Indebtedness of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof in excess of the Threshold Amount pursuant to the terms of any indenture, loan or credit or similar agreement;
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(d) promptly after the assertion or occurrence thereof, notice of any action or proceeding against or of any noncompliance by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof with any Environmental Law that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
(e) promptly upon the request thereof, such other information and documentation required by bank regulatory authorities under applicable know your customer and anti-money laundering rules and regulations (including, without limitation, the PATRIOT Act), as from time to time reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or any Lender;
(f) at each time financial statements are delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(a), a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower (i) listing (A) all applications by any Credit Party, if any, for registration or issuance in the United States of Copyrights, Patents or Trademarks (each such term as defined in the Security Agreement) made since the date of the prior certificate (or, in the case of the first such certificate, the Closing Date) and (B) all issuances of registrations or letters on existing applications filed in the United States by any Credit Party for Copyrights, Patents and Trademarks (each such term as defined in the Security Agreement) received since the date of the prior certificate (or, in the case of the first such certificate, the Closing Date), and (ii) attaching evidence of insurance for any insurance coverage of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary that was renewed, replaced or modified during the period covered by such financial statements;
(g) such other information regarding the operations, business affairs and financial condition of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may reasonably request; and
(h) after the consummation of the IPO, promptly after the same are available, copies of each annual report, proxy or financial statement or other material report or material communication sent to the stockholders of the Borrower, and copies of all annual, regular, periodic and special reports and registration statements which the Borrower may file or be required to file with the SEC under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, or with any national securities exchange, and in any case not otherwise required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant hereto.
Documents required to be delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(a) or (b), Section 8.2(h) or Section 8.3 (to the extent any such documents and/or notices are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and, if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which the Borrower posts such documents, or provides a link thereto, on the Borrowers website on the Internet at the website address listed in Section 12.1; or (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Borrowers behalf on the website of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or an Internet or intranet website, if any, to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent); provided that the Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent and each Lender (by facsimile or electronic mail) of the posting of any such documents and provide to the Administrative Agent by electronic mail electronic versions of such documents.
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The Borrower hereby acknowledges that the Administrative Agent will make available to the Lenders and the Issuing Lender materials and/or information provided by or on behalf of the Borrower hereunder by posting such materials and/or information on the private side of SyndTrack Online or another similar electronic system.
Section 8.3 Notice of Litigation and Other Matters.
Promptly (but in no event later than ten (10) days after any Responsible Officer of any Credit Party obtains knowledge thereof) notify the Administrative Agent in writing of (which shall promptly make such information available to the Lenders in accordance with its customary practice):
(a) the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default;
(b) the commencement of all proceedings and investigations by or before any Governmental Authority and all actions and proceedings in any court or before any arbitrator against or involving any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof or any of their respective properties, assets or businesses in each case that if adversely determined could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(c) any notice of any violation received by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof from any Governmental Authority including, without limitation, any notice of violation of Environmental Laws, which in any such case could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
(d) any labor controversy that has resulted in, or threatens to result in, a strike or other work action against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
(e) any event which constitutes or which with the passage of time or giving of notice or both would constitute a default or event of default under any Contractual Obligation to which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof or any of their respective properties may be bound which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and
(f) if a material liability to the Borrower would result, (i) any unfavorable determination letter from the IRS regarding the qualification of an Employee Benefit Plan under Section 401(a) of the Code (along with a copy thereof), (ii) all notices received by any Credit Party or any ERISA Affiliate of the PBGCs intent to terminate any Pension Plan or to have a trustee appointed to administer any Pension Plan, (iii) all notices received by any Credit Party or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan sponsor concerning the imposition or amount of withdrawal liability pursuant to Section 4202 of ERISA and (iv) the Borrower obtaining knowledge that any Credit Party or any ERISA Affiliate has filed or intends to file a notice of intent to terminate any Pension Plan under a distress termination within the meaning of Section 4041(c) of ERISA.
Each notice pursuant to Section 8.3 shall be accompanied by a statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower setting forth details of the occurrence referred to therein and stating what
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action the Borrower has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto. Each notice pursuant to Section 8.3(a) shall describe with particularity any and all provisions of this Agreement and any other Loan Document that have been breached.
Section 8.4 Preservation of Corporate Existence and Related Matters.
Except as permitted by Section 9.4 and Section 9.5, preserve and maintain its (i) separate corporate existence and (ii) good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction, incorporation, organization or formation, as applicable, except in the case of clause (ii) to the extent such lack of good standing could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 8.5 Maintenance of Property and Licenses.
(a) In addition to the requirements of any of the Security Documents, protect and preserve all Properties necessary in and material to its business, including, to the extent necessary in each Credit Partys reasonable business judgment, the copyrights, patents, trade names, service marks and trademarks owned by such Credit Party; maintain in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, all buildings, equipment and other tangible real and personal property; and from time to time make or cause to be made all repairs, renewals and replacements thereof and additions to such Property necessary for the conduct of its business, so that the business carried on in connection therewith may be conducted in a commercially reasonable manner, in each case except as such action or inaction is permitted by Section 9.4 or Section 9.5 or would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Maintain, in full force and effect in all material respects, each and every material license, permit, certification, qualification, approval or franchise issued by any Governmental Authority (each a License) required for each of them to conduct their respective businesses as presently conducted, other than any License which the failure to maintain in full force and effect could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 8.6 Insurance.
Maintain insurance with financially sound and reputable insurance companies against at least such risks and as is sufficient and as are customarily maintained by similar businesses and as may be required by Applicable Law and as are required by any Security Documents (including, without limitation, hazard and business interruption insurance). All such insurance (other than executive liability insurance, including, without limitation, directors and officers insurance) shall (a) provide that no cancellation or material modification thereof shall be effective until at least 30 days after receipt by the Administrative Agent of written notice thereof, (b) name the Administrative Agent as an additional insured party thereunder and (c) in the case of each casualty insurance policy, name the Administrative Agent as lenders loss payee. On the Closing Date and from time to time thereafter deliver to the Administrative Agent upon its request information in reasonable detail as to the insurance then in effect, stating the names of the insurance companies, the dates of the expiration thereof and the properties and risks covered thereby.
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Section 8.7 Payment of Taxes.
Pay and perform all federal and other material taxes, assessments and other governmental charges that may be levied or assessed upon it or any of its Property; provided that the Borrower or such Subsidiary may contest any item described in this Section in good faith so long as adequate reserves are maintained with respect thereto in accordance with GAAP.
Section 8.8 Compliance with Laws and Approvals.
Observe and remain in compliance with all Applicable Laws and maintain in full force and effect all Governmental Approvals, in each case applicable to the conduct of its business except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 8.9 Environmental Laws.
In addition to and without limiting the generality of Section 8.8, (a) comply with, and ensure such compliance by all tenants and subtenants with all applicable Environmental Laws and obtain and comply with and maintain, and ensure that all tenants and subtenants, if any, obtain and comply with and maintain, any and all licenses, approvals, notifications, registrations or permits required by applicable Environmental Laws, where the failure to comply would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect and (b) conduct and complete in all material respects all investigations, studies, sampling and testing, and all remedial, removal and other actions required under Environmental Laws, and promptly comply with all lawful orders and directives of any Governmental Authority regarding Environmental Laws except to the extent failure so to comply could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 8.10 Visits and Inspections.
Permit representatives of the Administrative Agent, from time to time upon prior reasonable notice (which such notice shall be in writing and provided at least two (2) Business Days prior to such access, unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, in which event no notice shall be required and the Administrative Agent shall have access at any and all times during the continuance thereof) and at such times during normal business hours, all at the expense of the Borrower, to visit and inspect its properties; inspect, audit and make extracts from its books, records and files, including, but not limited to, management letters prepared by independent accountants; and discuss with its principal officers, and its independent accountants, its business, assets, liabilities, financial condition, results of operations and business prospects; provided that excluding any such visits and inspections during the continuation of an Event of Default, the Administrative Agent shall not exercise such rights more often than one (1) time during any calendar year at the Borrowers expense; provided further that upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Administrative Agent or any Lender may do any of the foregoing at the expense of the Borrower at any time without advance notice.
Section 8.11 Additional Subsidiaries.
(a) Additional Domestic Subsidiaries. Notify the Administrative Agent of the creation or acquisition of any Wholly-Owned Domestic Subsidiary and, promptly thereafter (and
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in any event within thirty (30) days after such creation or acquisition), cause such Person to (i) become a Guarantor by delivering to the Administrative Agent a duly executed supplement to this Agreement or such other document as the Administrative Agent shall deem appropriate for such purpose, (ii) grant a security interest in all Collateral (subject to the exceptions specified in the Security Agreement) owned by such Subsidiary by delivering to the Administrative Agent a duly executed supplement to the Security Agreement and each other applicable Security Document or such other document as the Administrative Agent shall deem appropriate for such purpose and comply with the terms of each Security Document, (iii) deliver to the Administrative Agent such documents and certificates referred to in Section 6.1 as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, (iv) deliver to the Administrative Agent such updated Schedules to the Loan Documents as requested by the Administrative Agent with respect to such Person, and (v) deliver to the Administrative Agent such other documents as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, all in form, content and scope reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent in order to more effectively carry out the terms of this paragraph (a), and cause the applicable Credit Party to deliver to the Administrative Agent, if applicable, original stock or other certificates evidencing the Capital Stock of such Person, together with an appropriate undated stock or other transfer power for each certificate duly executed in blank by the registered owner thereof.
(b) Additional Foreign Subsidiaries. Notify the Administrative Agent at the time that any Person becomes a First Tier Foreign Subsidiary and, promptly thereafter (and in any event within forty-five (45) days after notification), cause the applicable Credit Party to deliver to the Administrative Agent (i) Security Documents pledging sixty-five percent (65%) (or such greater percentage that, due to a change in an Applicable Law after the date hereof, (A) could not reasonably be expected to cause the undistributed earnings of such First Tier Foreign Subsidiary as determined for United States federal income tax purposes to be treated as a deemed dividend to such First Tier Foreign Subsidiarys United States parent and (B) could not reasonably be expected to cause any material adverse tax consequences) of the total outstanding voting Capital Stock (and one hundred percent (100%) of the non-voting Capital Stock) of any such new First Tier Foreign Subsidiary and a consent thereto executed by such new First Tier Foreign Subsidiary (including, without limitation, if applicable, original stock certificates (or the equivalent thereof pursuant to the Applicable Laws and practices of any relevant foreign jurisdiction) evidencing the Capital Stock of such new First Tier Foreign Subsidiary, together with an appropriate undated stock power for each certificate duly executed in blank by the registered owner thereof) and (ii) such documents and certificates referred to in Section 6.1 as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent (unless such documents and certificates have previously been delivered to the Administrative Agent).
(c) Merger Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent any new Subsidiary is created solely for the purpose of consummating a merger transaction pursuant to a Permitted Acquisition, and such new Subsidiary at no time holds any assets or liabilities other than the applicable merger agreement, any related agreements and any merger consideration contributed to it contemporaneously with the closing of such merger transaction, such new Subsidiary shall not be required to take the actions set forth in Section 8.11(a) or (b), as applicable, until the consummation of such Permitted Acquisition (at which time, the surviving entity of the respective merger transaction shall be required to so comply with Section 8.11(a) or (b), as applicable, within the later of (x) ten (10) Business Days of the consummation of such Permitted Acquisition and (y) the period set forth in Section 8.11(a) or (b), as applicable).
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(d) Exclusions. The provisions of this Section 8.11 shall not apply to assets as to which the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall reasonably determine that the costs and burdens of obtaining a security interest therein or perfection thereof outweigh the value of the security afforded thereby.
Section 8.12 Hedge Agreement.
Not later than ninety (90) days after the Effective Date, enter into and maintain for a period of not less than three years Hedge Agreements with one or more Hedge Banks or other Persons reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, the effect of which shall be (when combined with Hedge Agreements in place immediately prior to the Effective Date) to fix or limit the interest cost to the Borrower with respect to at least 50% percent of the aggregate principal amount of the Term Loan Facility.
Section 8.13 Use of Proceeds.
The Borrower shall use the proceeds of the Extensions of Credit (a) on the Second Amendment Effective Date to finance the Dividend Payment and pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Transactions, (b) on or after the Effective Date to finance the 2015 Dividend Payment, to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Transactions and for general corporate purposes and (c) with respect to Revolving Credit Loans, Incremental Revolving Loans and Further Incremental Term Loans, for working capital and general corporate purposes of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, including, without limitation, Permitted Acquisitions and Restricted Payments.
Section 8.14 Deposit Accounts.
The Credit Parties shall not establish any new deposit account with any financial institution (other than an Excluded Account) unless the applicable Credit Party shall have executed and delivered (or caused to be executed and delivered) to the Administrative Agent, within thirty (30) days after the opening of such new deposit account, a control agreement with respect to such account (other than any such account that is an Excluded Account) in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent.
Section 8.15 Landlord Waivers.
With respect to any leased real property, to the extent there is located at such leased location any personal property Collateral with a fair market value in excess of $250,000, the Borrower shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a landlord waiver, in each case, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (except (x) to the extent previously provided to the Administrative Agent in connection with the Existing Credit Agreement or (y) to the extent that the Borrower has failed to obtain any such landlord waiver after having previously used commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such landlord waiver for such leased location); provided that the failure of the Borrower to obtain any such landlord waiver after the exercise of commercially reasonable efforts by the Borrower shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder.
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Section 8.16 Further Assurances.
Maintain the security interest created by the Security Documents in accordance with Section 2 of the Security Agreement, subject to the rights of the Credit Parties to dispose of the Collateral pursuant to the Loan Documents; and make, execute and deliver all such additional and further acts, things, deeds, instruments and documents as the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders (through the Administrative Agent) may reasonably require for the purposes of implementing or effectuating the provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, or of renewing the rights of the Secured Parties with respect to the Collateral as to which the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, has a perfected Lien pursuant hereto or thereto, including, without limitation, filing any financing or continuation statements under the UCC (or other similar laws) in effect in any jurisdiction with respect to the security interests created hereby or by the other Loan Documents; provided that, with respect to the pledge of Capital Stock of any Foreign Subsidiary required hereunder, no Security Document governed by the law of any foreign jurisdiction shall be required in connection with such pledge to the extent that the original certificates evidencing the Capital Stock of such Foreign Subsidiary, together with an undated stock power for each such certificate duly executed in blank by the registered owner thereof, is delivered to the Administrative Agent.
ARTICLE IX
NEGATIVE COVENANTS
Until all of the Obligations under the Loan Documents (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) have been paid and satisfied in full in cash, all Letters of Credit have been terminated or expired (or been Cash Collateralized) and the Commitments have been terminated, the Credit Parties will not, and will not permit any of their respective Subsidiaries to:
Section 9.1 Indebtedness.
Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness except:
(a) the Obligations;
(b) Indebtedness and obligations owing under Hedge Agreements entered into in order to comply with Section 8.12 or otherwise entered into for non-speculative purposes;
(c) Indebtedness existing on the Effective Date and listed on Schedule 9.1, and any refinancings, refundings, renewals or extensions thereof; provided that (i) the principal amount of such Indebtedness is not increased at the time of such refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension except by an amount equal to accrued and unpaid interest, fees and expenses, a reasonable premium or other reasonable amount paid, and fees and expenses reasonably incurred, in connection with such refinancing and by an amount equal to any existing commitments unutilized thereunder and (ii) the final maturity date and weighted average life of such refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension shall not be prior to or shorter than that applicable to the Indebtedness prior to such refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension;
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(d) Indebtedness in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,500,000 at any time outstanding, incurred in connection with Capital Leases and purchase money Indebtedness;
(e) Indebtedness of a Person existing at the time such Person became a Subsidiary or assets were acquired from such Person in connection with an Investment permitted pursuant to Section 9.3, to the extent that (A) such Indebtedness was not incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such Person becoming a Subsidiary or the acquisition of such assets, (B) neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary thereof (other than such Person or any other Person that such Person merges with or that acquires the assets of such Person) shall have any liability or other obligation with respect to such Indebtedness and (C) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness does not exceed $1,500,000 at any time outstanding;
(f) Guaranty Obligations with respect to Indebtedness permitted pursuant to subsections (a) through (e), (g)(i), (g)(iii), (i) and (m) of this Section;
(g) unsecured intercompany Indebtedness (i) owed by any Credit Party to another Credit Party, (ii) owed by any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary to any Credit Party in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $1,500,000 at any time outstanding (taken together with, without duplication, the amount of Investments permitted under Section 9.3(i)) (provided that any Indebtedness owed by such Non-Guarantor Subsidiary to any Credit Party pursuant to this clause (ii) shall be evidenced by a demand note in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and shall be pledged and delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Security Documents) and (iii) owed by any Credit Party to any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary (provided that any Indebtedness owed by such Credit Party to any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary pursuant to this clause (iii) shall be subordinated to the Obligations in a manner reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent);
(h) Indebtedness arising from the honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or other similar instrument drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business;
(i) Indebtedness under performance bonds, surety bonds, customs bonds, return of money bonds, release, appeal and similar bonds, statutory obligations, with respect to workers compensation, unemployment insurance and other types of social security or similar claims or with respect to financing of insurance premiums, in each case incurred in the ordinary course of business, and reimbursement obligations in respect of any of the foregoing;
(j) Indebtedness owing to management, executives, officers, directors, consultants, professional advisors and/or employees of the Borrower to purchase or redeem Capital Stock or options of the Borrower; provided that such Indebtedness is unsecured and subordinated to the Obligations in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, and, in any event, all cash payments, if any are permitted, in respect of such Indebtedness shall comply with Section 9.6(e);
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(k) Indebtedness in respect of Franchises owned by any Credit Party for loans referred to in Section 9.3(p);
(l) Indebtedness of Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries (including Foreign Subsidiaries that are not Credit Parties) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the Dollar equivalent of $250,000 at any time outstanding; and
(m) other unsecured Indebtedness of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof not otherwise permitted pursuant to this Section in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $1,500,000 at any time outstanding.
Section 9.2 Liens.
Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist, any Lien on or with respect to any of its Property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, except:
(a) (i) Liens created pursuant to the Loan Documents and (ii) Liens on cash or deposits granted in favor of the Issuing Lender as Cash Collateral;
(b) Liens in existence on the Effective Date and described on Schedule 9.2, including Liens incurred in connection with any refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension of Indebtedness pursuant to Section 9.1(c) (solely to the extent that such Liens were in existence on the Effective Date and described on Schedule 9.2); provided that the scope of any such Lien shall not be increased, or otherwise expanded, to cover any additional property or type of asset, as applicable, beyond that in existence on the Effective Date, except for products and proceeds of the foregoing;
(c) Liens for taxes, assessments and other governmental charges or levies (excluding any Lien imposed pursuant to any of the provisions of ERISA or Environmental Laws in excess of $100,000 in the aggregate) (i) not yet due or that remain payable without penalty or as to which the period of grace, if any, related thereto has not expired or (ii) which are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings if adequate reserves are maintained to the extent required by GAAP;
(d) the claims of materialmen, mechanics, carriers, warehousemen, mortgagees, repairmen, processors or landlords for labor, materials, supplies, rentals or other Property incurred in the ordinary course of business, which are not overdue for a period of more than ninety (90) days or, if more than ninety (90) days overdue, no action has been taken to enforce such Liens and such Liens are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings if adequate reserves are maintained to the extent required by GAAP;
(e) deposits or pledges made in the ordinary course of business in connection with, or to secure payment of, obligations under workers compensation, unemployment insurance and other types of social security or similar legislation, or to secure the performance of bids, tenders, trade contracts, governmental contracts and leases (other than Indebtedness), statutory obligations, surety bonds (other than bonds related to judgments or litigation), customs bonds, performance bonds, return of money bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business, or to secure liability to insurance carriers;
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(f) encumbrances in the nature of zoning restrictions, easements, rights-of-way and restrictions of record on the use of real property and minor defects and other irregularities of title, which do not materially impair the operation of the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries;
(g) Liens arising from the filing of precautionary Uniform Commercial Code financing statements relating solely to personal property leased pursuant to operating leases entered into in the ordinary course of business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries;
(h) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted under Section 9.1(d); provided that (i) such Liens shall be created concurrently with or within twenty (20) days after the acquisition, repair, improvement or lease, as applicable, of the related Property, (ii) such Liens do not at any time encumber any property other than the Property financed by such Indebtedness and (iii) the principal amount of Indebtedness secured by any such Lien shall at no time exceed one hundred percent (100%) of the original price for the purchase, repair, improvement or lease amount (as applicable) of such Property at the time of purchase, repair, improvement or lease (as applicable);
(i) Liens securing judgments for the payment of money not constituting an Event of Default under Section 10.1(l) or securing appeal or other surety bonds relating to such judgments;
(j) Liens on Property (i) of any Subsidiary which are in existence at the time that such Subsidiary is acquired pursuant to a Permitted Acquisition and (ii) of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries existing at the time such tangible property or tangible assets are purchased or otherwise acquired by the Borrower or such Subsidiary thereof pursuant to a transaction permitted pursuant to this Agreement; provided that, with respect to each of the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), (A) such Liens are not incurred in connection with, or in anticipation of, such Permitted Acquisition, purchase or other acquisition, (B) such Liens are applicable only to specific Property, (C) such Liens are not blanket or all asset Liens, (D) such Liens do not attach to any other Property of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries and (E) the Indebtedness secured by such Liens is permitted under Section 9.1(e) of this Agreement;
(k) (i) Liens of a collecting bank arising in the ordinary course of business under Section 4-210 of the Uniform Commercial Code in effect in the relevant jurisdiction (or, with respect to collecting banks located in the State of New York, under Section 4-208 of the UCC) and (ii) Liens of any depositary bank in connection with statutory, common law and contractual rights of set-off and recoupment with respect to any deposit account of any Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof;
(l) (i) contractual or statutory Liens of landlords to the extent relating to the property and assets relating to any lease agreements with such landlord, and (ii) contractual Liens of suppliers (including sellers of goods) or customers granted in the ordinary course of business to the extent limited to the property or assets relating to such contract;
(m) any interest or title of a licensor, sublicensor, lessor or sublessor with respect to any assets under any license or lease agreement entered into in the ordinary course of business;
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(n) non-exclusive licenses and sublicenses (granted by a Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party) and leases and subleases (by a Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party as lessor or sublessor) to third parties entered into in the ordinary course of business, which do not (i) interfere in any material respect with the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or materially detract from the value of the relevant assets or (ii) secure any Indebtedness;
(o) Liens arising out of conditional sale, title retention, consignment or similar arrangements for the sale of goods entered into in the ordinary course of business;
(p) Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law which secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of goods in the ordinary course of business;
(q) Liens on earnest money deposits of cash or Cash Equivalents in connection with any Permitted Acquisition or Investments made pursuant to Section 9.3(q);
(r) Liens on cash or any other Collateral delivered pursuant to any credit card processing agreement or similar agreement or documentation not to exceed $250,000 in the aggregate at any time outstanding;
(s) Liens on property or assets of Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries (including Foreign Subsidiaries that are not Credit Parties) securing Indebtedness incurred under Section 9.1(l); and
(t) Liens securing Indebtedness or other obligations in an aggregate outstanding amount not to exceed $750,000 at any time.
Section 9.3 Investments.
Purchase, own, invest in or otherwise acquire (in one transaction or a series of transactions), directly or indirectly, any Capital Stock, interests in any partnership or joint venture (including, without limitation, the creation or capitalization of any Subsidiary), evidence of Indebtedness or other security, substantially all or a portion of the business or assets of any other Person or any other investment or interest whatsoever in any other Person, or make or permit to exist, directly or indirectly, any loans, advances or extensions of credit to, or any investment in cash or by delivery of Property in, any Person (all the foregoing, Investments) except:
(a) (i) Investments existing on the Effective Date in Subsidiaries existing on the Effective Date, (ii) Investments existing on the Effective Date (other than Investments in Subsidiaries existing on the Effective Date) and described on Schedule 9.3, (iii) Investments made after the Effective Date by any Credit Party in any other Credit Party and (iv) Investments made after the Effective Date by any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary in any other Non-Guarantor Subsidiary or any other Person;
(b) Investments in cash and Cash Equivalents;
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(c) Investments by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in the form of Capital Expenditures permitted pursuant to this Agreement;
(d) deposits made in the ordinary course of business to a customer or a vendor or to secure the performance of leases or other obligations, in each case as permitted by Section 9.2;
(e) Hedge Agreements permitted pursuant to Section 9.1;
(f) purchases of assets in the ordinary course of business;
(g) Investments by the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof in the form of Permitted Acquisitions to the extent that any Person or Property acquired in such acquisition becomes a part of the Borrower or a Guarantor or becomes (whether or not such Person is a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary) a Guarantor in the manner contemplated by Section 8.11;
(h) Investments in the form of intercompany Indebtedness permitted pursuant to Section 9.1(g);
(i) Investments in any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary (including any Foreign Subsidiary that is not a Credit Party) or any other Person in an aggregate amount not to exceed at any time $1,500,000;
(j) Guaranty Obligations permitted pursuant to Section 9.1;
(k) loans and advances to management, executives, officers, directors, consultants, professional advisors and/or employees in the ordinary course of business not to exceed $250,000 in the aggregate at any time outstanding;
(l) Investments consisting of (A) non-cash loans made by the Borrower to management, executives, officers, directors, consultants, professional advisors and/or employees of any Credit Party which are used by such Persons to purchase simultaneously Capital Stock or options of the Borrower and (B) advances made by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries to management, executives, officers, directors, consultants, professional advisors and/or employees of any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business to reimburse any such Person for expenses incurred in connection with performance of their duties in such respective capacity;
(m) Investments received as the non-cash portion of consideration received in connection with transactions permitted pursuant to Section 9.5(e);
(n) accounts receivable (whether or not evidenced by a note) owing to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, if created or acquired in the ordinary course of business and payable or dischargeable in accordance with customary terms, and Investments acquired in connection with the settlement of delinquent accounts receivable in the ordinary course of business or in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of suppliers or customers;
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(o) Investments constituting loans and contributions (other than those made with amounts from vendor rebates) to Franchise related marketing and advertising funds, not to exceed an aggregate principal amount of $750,000 outstanding at any time;
(p) guaranties of loans and Investments in Franchisees in an aggregate amount not to exceed $750,000 outstanding at any time;
(q) Investments constituting the acquisition of one or more restaurants and the accompanying assets from Franchisees not exceeding during the term of this Agreement the sum of (i) $12,500,000 plus (ii) the Available Amount;
(r) Investments constituting accounts and payment intangibles owing to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries from Franchisees upon such terms as the Borrower or such Subsidiary establishes in good faith; and
(s) Investments not otherwise permitted pursuant to this Section in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,500,000 at any time outstanding; provided that, immediately before and immediately after giving pro forma effect to any such Investments, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
(t) other Investments after the Effective Date by a Credit Party in an aggregate amount not to exceed the Available Amount as of the applicable date of any such Investment; provided all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom;
(ii) after giving effect to such Investment, on a Pro Forma Basis as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(b), the Credit Parties are in compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 9.14;
(iii) no later than three (3) Business Days prior to the making of any such Investment, the Borrower shall have delivered to Administrative Agent a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer demonstrating, in reasonable detail, compliance with the foregoing clause (ii); and
(iv) the Credit Parties shall have complied with the requirements of Section 8.11, to the extent applicable, with respect to such Investment.
For purposes of determining the amount of any Investment outstanding for purposes of this Section 9.3, such amount shall be deemed to be the amount of such Investment when made, purchased or acquired (without adjustment for subsequent increases or decreases in the value of such Investment) less any amount realized in respect of such Investment upon the sale, collection or return of capital (not to exceed the original amount invested).
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Section 9.4 Fundamental Changes.
Merge, consolidate or enter into any similar combination with any other Person or liquidate, wind-up or dissolve itself (or suffer any liquidation or dissolution) except:
(a) (i) any Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower may be merged, amalgamated or consolidated with or into the Borrower (provided that the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving entity) or (ii) any Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower may be merged, amalgamated or consolidated with or into any Guarantor (provided that the Guarantor shall be the continuing or surviving entity or simultaneously with such transaction, the continuing or surviving entity shall become a Subsidiary and the Borrower shall comply with Section 8.11 in connection therewith);
(b) (i) any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary that is a Foreign Subsidiary may be merged, amalgamated or consolidated with or into, or be liquidated into, any other Non-Guarantor Subsidiary and (ii) any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary that is a Domestic Subsidiary may be merged, amalgamated or consolidated with or into, or be liquidated into, any other Non-Guarantor Subsidiary that is a Domestic Subsidiary;
(c) any Subsidiary may dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (upon voluntary liquidation, dissolution, winding up or otherwise) to the Borrower or any Guarantor; provided that, with respect to any such disposition by any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary, the consideration for such disposition shall not exceed the fair value of such assets;
(d) (i) any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary that is a Foreign Subsidiary may dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (upon voluntary liquidation, dissolution, winding up or otherwise) to any other Non-Guarantor Subsidiary and (ii) any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary that is a Domestic Subsidiary may dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (upon voluntary liquidation, dissolution, winding up or otherwise) to any other Non-Guarantor Subsidiary that is a Domestic Subsidiary;
(e) dispositions permitted by Section 9.5;
(f) any Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower may merge with or into the Person such Wholly-Owned Subsidiary was formed to acquire in connection with a Permitted Acquisition, provided that (i) a Guarantor shall be the continuing or surviving entity or (ii) simultaneously with such transaction, the continuing or surviving entity shall become a Guarantor and the Borrower shall comply with Section 8.11 in connection therewith);
(g) any Person may merge into the Borrower or any of its Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries in connection with a Permitted Acquisition; provided that (i) in the case of a merger involving the Borrower or a Guarantor, the continuing or surviving Person shall be the Borrower or such Guarantor and (ii) the continuing or surviving Person shall be the Borrower or a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower; and
(h) the merger, consolidation or amalgamation of the Borrower or any Subsidiary in connection with or in preparation for the IPO for the purpose, among other things, of changing its State of organization within the United States of the Borrower or such Subsidiary; provided,
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however, that (A) in the case of any merger, consolidation or amalgamation involving the Borrower, either the Borrower shall be the surviving Person or the Person surviving such merger, consolidation or amalgamation shall be, at the time of such merger, consolidation or amalgamation, a direct or indirect Domestic Subsidiary of the Sponsor and its Controlled Investment Affiliates that is controlled, directly or indirectly, by Sponsor and its Controlled Investment Affiliates and that shall expressly assume all of the Obligations of the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents in a manner reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and all actions required to maintain the perfection of the Lien of the Administrative Agent on the property of the Borrower shall have been made and (B) in the case of any merger, consolidation or amalgamation involving any other Credit Party, either a Credit Party shall be the surviving Person or the Person surviving such merger, consolidation or amalgamation shall expressly guaranty the Obligations pursuant to the Guaranty and become a Credit Party, and all actions required to maintain the perfection of the Lien of the Administrative Agent on the property and (unless such Credit Party becomes the sole owner of the Borrower) the Stock of such Credit Party, shall have been made.
Section 9.5 Asset Dispositions.
Make any Asset Disposition except:
(a) the sale of obsolete, worn-out or surplus assets no longer used or usable in the business of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries;
(b) non-exclusive licenses and sublicenses of intellectual property rights in the ordinary course of business;
(c) leases, subleases, licenses or sublicenses of real or personal property granted by any Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to others in the ordinary course of business not interfering in any material respect with the business of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries;
(d) dispositions in connection with Insurance and Condemnation Events; provided that the requirements of Section 4.4(b) are complied with in connection therewith;
(e) Asset Dispositions not otherwise permitted pursuant to this Section; provided that (i) at the time of such Asset Disposition, no Default or Event of Default shall exist or would result from such Asset Disposition, (ii) such Asset Disposition is made for fair market value and the consideration received shall be no less than 75% in cash, (iii) the aggregate fair market value of all property disposed of in reliance on this clause (e) shall not exceed $1,500,000 in any fiscal year in respect of Asset Dispositions of personal property or real property and (iv) after giving effect to such Asset Disposition, the Credit Parties are in compliance on a Pro Forma Basis with the financial covenant set forth in Section 9.14(a), recomputed for the most recent fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered;
(f) (i) the discount or write-off of accounts receivable overdue by more than ninety (90) days or the sale of any such account receivable for the purpose of collection to any collection agency or (ii) the compromise or settlement of any such account receivable, in each case in the ordinary course of business, consistent with past practice;
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(g) (i) to the extent entered into in the ordinary course of business and made to a Person that is not an Affiliate of any Borrower, the assignment of intellectual property rights that is, in the good faith judgment of the applicable Credit Party or Subsidiary, no longer economically practicable to maintain or useful in any material respect in the conduct of the business of the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries taken as a whole, and (ii) cancellation or abandonment or other disposition of intellectual property rights that is, in the good faith judgment of the applicable Credit Party or Subsidiary, no longer economically practicable to maintain or useful in any material respect in the conduct of the business of the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries taken as a whole;
(h) except as otherwise prohibited by Section 9.3 or Section 9.6, transfers of assets (i) between the Credit Parties and (ii) between or among Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries;
(i) Liens permitted by Section 9.2, Investments permitted by Section 9.3 and Restricted Payments permitted by Section 9.6;
(j) dispositions of Property to the extent that (i) such Property is exchanged for credit against the purchase price of similar replacement Property or (ii) the proceeds of such disposition are promptly applied to the purchase price of such replacement Property;
(k) (i) dispositions of Franchises acquired or reacquired by the Borrower or any Guarantor from Franchisees and disposed of in the ordinary course of business and (ii) dispositions deemed to have occurred upon creation of new Franchises in the ordinary course of business;
(l) the unwinding of any Hedge Agreement pursuant to its terms;
(m) the disposition of any restaurant and accompanying assets owned by the Borrower or any Subsidiary to any Franchisee; provided that no Default or Event of Default shall exist or would result after giving effect to such disposition; and
(n) the disposition of all of the Capital Stock of the Borrower to a holding company (that shall guaranty the Obligations pursuant to the Guaranty and create a security interest in its assets (other than assets that are excluded from the Collateral under the terms of the Security Documents) and cause the Lien of the Administrative Agent in such Capital Stock and assets to be perfected as would be required for a new Subsidiary under Section 8.11(a)), so long as, at the time of such disposition, such holding company is a Domestic Subsidiary of Sponsor and its Controlled Investment Affiliates and is controlled, directly or indirectly, by Sponsor and its Controlled Investment Affiliates; provided that, prior to or concurrently with such disposition, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (without the consent of any Lender) shall enter into such amendments to this Agreement to accommodate the introduction of a holding company guarantor as may be reasonably required by the Administrative Agent or (to the extent reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent) by the Borrower (it being understood that this Section 9.5(n) supersedes any contrary requirements in Section 12.2).
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Section 9.6 Restricted Payments.
Declare or pay any dividend on, or make any payment or other distribution on account of any class of Capital Stock of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, or purchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire (directly or indirectly), or set apart assets for a sinking or other analogous fund for the purchase, redemption, retirement or other acquisition of, any class of Capital Stock of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, or make any distribution of cash, property or assets to the holders of shares of any Capital Stock of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof in respect of such shares, or make any payments in order to protect the holder of any option to purchase any such Capital Stock against dilution or in exchange for cancellation by any such option holder of any change of control bonus agreement that it holds (all of the foregoing, the Restricted Payments); provided that:
(a) the Borrower may make (i) the Dividend Payment on the Second Amendment Effective Date and (ii) the 2015 Dividend Payment on or after the Effective Date;
(b) the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof may pay dividends in shares of its own Qualified Capital Stock;
(c) any Subsidiary of the Borrower may pay cash dividends to (i) the Borrower, (ii) any Guarantor or (iii) ratably to all holders (other than the Sponsor or any of its Affiliates) of its outstanding Qualified Capital Stock;
(d) (i) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries that are Domestic Subsidiaries may make Restricted Payments to other Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries that are Domestic Subsidiaries and (ii) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries that are Foreign Subsidiaries may make Restricted Payments to other Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries that are Foreign Subsidiaries;
(e) the Borrower may declare and make (and each Subsidiary of the Borrower may declare and make to enable the Borrower to do the same) Restricted Payments to redeem, retire or otherwise acquire shares of its Capital Stock or options or other equity or phantom equity in respect of its Capital Stock from present or former management, executives, officers, employees, directors, professional advisors or consultants (or their family members or trusts or other entities for the benefit of any of the foregoing) (A) to the extent that such purchase is made with the Net Cash Proceeds of any Equity Issuances (but only to the extent not included in the Available Amount) that do not otherwise violate the provisions of Section 10.1(g) or (B) otherwise in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000 in any fiscal year and $5,000,000 during the term of this Agreement, so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom;
(f) following the IPO, the Borrower may declare and make (and each Subsidiary of the Borrower may declare and make to enable the Borrower to do the same) Restricted Payments to redeem, retire or otherwise acquire shares of its Capital Stock or options or other equity or phantom equity in respect of its Capital Stock (other than from present or former management, executives, officers, employees, directors, professional advisors or consultants (or their family members or trusts or other entities for the benefit of any of the foregoing)) (A) to the extent that such purchase is made with the Net Cash Proceeds of any Equity Issuances (but only to the extent not included in the Available Amount) that do not otherwise violate the provisions of Section 10.1(g) or (B) otherwise in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000 in any fiscal
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year and $5,000,000 during the term of this Agreement, so long as (x) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom and (y) after giving effect to such Restricted Payments, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, on a Consolidated basis, shall have at least $1,000,000 in unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents and availability under the Revolving Credit Facility;
(g) following the IPO, the Borrower may make additional Restricted Payments not otherwise permitted pursuant to this Section 9.6 in an aggregate amount not to exceed $3,000,000 in any fiscal year, so long as (x) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom and (y) after giving effect to such Restricted Payments, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, on a Consolidated basis, shall have at least $1,000,000 in unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents and availability under the Revolving Credit Facility;
(h) the Borrower may, after the Effective Date, make Restricted Payments in an aggregate amount not to exceed the Available Amount as of the applicable date of any such Restricted Payment; provided, all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) no Default Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom;
(ii) after giving effect to such Restricted Payment, on a Pro Forma Basis as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered pursuant to Section 8.1(b), (x) the Credit Parties are in compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 9.14 and (y) the Consolidated Leverage Ratio is at least 0.25 less than the Consolidated Leverage Ratio required to be maintained at such time by Section 9.14(a); and
(iii) no later than three (3) Business Days prior to the making of any such Restricted Payment, the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer demonstrating, in reasonable detail, compliance with the foregoing clause (ii); and
(i) repurchases of Capital Stock of the Borrower (or any direct or indirect parent company) or any of its Subsidiaries deemed to occur upon cashless exercise of stock options or warrants.
Section 9.7 Transactions with Affiliates.
Directly or indirectly enter into any transaction, including, without limitation, any purchase, sale, lease or exchange of Property, the rendering of any service or the payment of any management, advisory or similar fees, with any Affiliate of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, other than:
(i) transactions permitted by Sections 9.1, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6 and 9.13 and transactions constituting Equity Issuances;
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(ii) transactions existing on the Effective Date and described on Schedule 9.7 and a registration rights agreement among the Borrower, the Sponsor and certain other stockholders of the Borrower;
(iii) other transactions in the ordinary course of business on terms as favorable as would be obtained by it on a comparable arms-length transaction with an independent, unrelated third party;
(iv) employment and severance arrangements (including equity incentive plans and employee benefit plans and arrangements) with their respective officers and employees in the ordinary course of business; and
(v) payments permitted under Section 9.8.
Section 9.8 Management Fees and Compensation.
No Credit Party shall, and no Credit Party shall permit any of its Subsidiaries to, pay any management, consulting or similar fees to any Affiliate of any Credit Party or to any officer, director or employee of any Credit Party or any Affiliate of any Credit Party except:
(a) payment of reasonable compensation (as determined by the Credit Parties in their reasonable business judgment) to officers and employees for actual services rendered to the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business;
(b) payment of directors fees and reimbursement of actual out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending board of director meetings, which, prior to the IPO, shall not exceed in the aggregate, with respect to all such items, $350,000 in any fiscal year of the Borrower; and
(c) payment by any Credit Party to Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement as in effect on the Closing Date of (x) (i) a consulting fee not to exceed, for any period, the amount payable in respect of such period under the Management Agreement as in effect on the Closing Date, and payable in semi-annual or quarterly installments, in advance and (ii) any payment of management fees and costs and expenses payable upon termination of the Management Agreement (as provided in the Management Agreement as in effect on the Closing Date), (y) expenses and indemnities payable under the Management Agreement as in effect on the Closing Date and (z) any transaction advisory fees for transactions occurring after the Closing Date as provided in the Management Agreement as in effect on the Closing Date; provided, however, that the fees described in this clause (c) shall not be paid during any period while an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would arise as a result of such payment; provided, further, that any fees not paid due to the existence of an Event of Default shall be deferred and may be paid when no Event of Default exists or would arise as a result of such payment.
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Section 9.9 Accounting Changes; Organizational Documents.
(a) Change its fiscal year end, or make (without the consent of the Administrative Agent) any material change in its accounting treatment and reporting practices except as permitted or required by GAAP (other than those contemplated by Section 1.3).
(b) Amend, modify or change its articles of incorporation (or corporate charter or other similar organizational documents) or amend, modify or change its bylaws (or other similar documents) in any manner materially adverse to the rights or interests of the Lenders.
Section 9.10 No Further Negative Pledges; Restrictive Agreements.
(a) Enter into, assume or be subject to any agreement prohibiting or otherwise restricting the creation or assumption of any Lien upon its properties or assets, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or requiring the grant of any security for such obligation if security is given for some other obligation, except (i) pursuant to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, (ii) pursuant to any document or instrument governing Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 9.1(d); provided, that any such restriction contained therein relates only to the asset or assets acquired in connection therewith, (iii) restrictions contained in the organizational documents of any Credit Party as of the Closing Date, (iv) restrictions in connection with any Permitted Lien or any document or instrument governing any Permitted Lien (provided, that any such restriction contained therein relates only to the asset or assets subject to such Permitted Lien) and (v) obligations that are binding on a Subsidiary at the time such Subsidiary first becomes a Subsidiary of the Borrower, so long as such obligations are not entered into in contemplation of such Person becoming a Subsidiary.
(b) Create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof to (i) pay dividends or make any other distributions to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary on its Capital Stock or with respect to any other interest or participation in, or measured by, its profits, (ii) pay any Indebtedness or other obligation owed to the Borrower or any Guarantor or (iii) act as a Guarantor pursuant to the Loan Documents or any renewals, refinancings, exchanges, refundings or extension thereof, except (in respect of any of the matters referred to in clauses (i) through (iii) above) for such encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of (A) this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, (B) Applicable Law, (C) any document or instrument governing Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 9.1(d) (provided, that any such restriction contained therein relates only to the asset or assets acquired in connection therewith), (D) any Permitted Lien or any document or instrument governing any Permitted Lien (provided, that any such restriction contained therein relates only to the asset or assets subject to such Permitted Lien), (E) obligations that are binding on a Subsidiary at the time such Subsidiary first becomes a Subsidiary of the Borrower, so long as such obligations are not entered into in contemplation of such Person becoming a Subsidiary, (F) customary restrictions contained in an agreement related to the sale of Property (to the extent such sale is permitted pursuant to Section 9.5) that limit the transfer of such Property pending the consummation of such sale, (G) customary restrictions in leases, subleases, licenses and sublicenses or asset sale agreements otherwise permitted by this Agreement so long as such restrictions relate only to the assets subject thereto and (H) customary provisions restricting assignment of any agreement entered into in the ordinary course of business. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 9.10 shall not in any event apply to (i) customary provisions entered into in the ordinary course of business of the Credit Parties
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restricting the assignment (including, in the case of leases, subletting, and, in the case of licenses, sublicensing) of any contractual obligation or (ii) reasonable and customary restrictions on cash or other deposits imposed or required by vendors in the ordinary course of business of the Credit Parties.
Section 9.11 Nature of Business.
Engage in any business other than the business conducted by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the Closing Date and business activities reasonably related or ancillary thereto or that are reasonable extensions thereof, including the management of restaurants on behalf of Franchisees.
Section 9.12 Amendments of Other Documents.
Amend, modify, waive or supplement (or permit modification, amendment, waiver or supplement of) any of the terms or provisions of the Management Agreement in any respect which would materially and adversely affect the rights or interests of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereunder, in each case, without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent.
Section 9.13 Sale Leasebacks; Securitization Transactions; Synthetic Leases.
(a) Directly or indirectly become or remain liable as lessee or as guarantor or other surety with respect to any lease, whether an operating lease or a Capital Lease, of any Property (whether real, personal or mixed), whether now owned or hereafter acquired, (i) which any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof has sold or transferred or is to sell or transfer to a Person which is not another Credit Party or Subsidiary of a Credit Party (other than a sale or transfer permitted by Section 9.5(e) or Section 9.5(h)) or (ii) which any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party intends to use for substantially the same purpose as any other Property that has been sold or is to be sold or transferred by such Credit Party or such Subsidiary to another Person which is not another Credit Party or Subsidiary of a Credit Party in connection with such lease.
(b) Directly or indirectly enter into any Securitization Transaction or Synthetic Lease.
Section 9.14 Financial Covenants.
(a) Consolidated Leverage Ratio. As of the last day of any fiscal quarter ending during the periods specified below, permit the Consolidated Leverage Ratio to be greater than the corresponding ratio set forth below:
Period |
Maximum Ratio | |
Effective Date through the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of the 2015 fiscal year |
6.25 to 1.00 | |
The last day of the first fiscal quarter of the 2016 fiscal year through the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of the 2016 fiscal year |
6.00 to 1.00 | |
The last day of the first fiscal quarter of the 2017 fiscal year through the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of the 2017 fiscal year |
5.75 to 1.00 | |
The last day of the first fiscal quarter of the 2018 fiscal year through the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of the 2018 fiscal year |
5.50 to 1.00 | |
The last day of the first fiscal quarter of the 2019 fiscal year and thereafter |
5.25 to 1.00 |
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(b) Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. As of the last day of any fiscal quarter ending during the periods specified below, permit the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio to be less than the corresponding ratio set forth below:
Period |
Minimum Ratio | |
Effective Date through the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of the 2015 fiscal year |
1.05 to 1.00 | |
The last day of the first fiscal quarter of the 2016 fiscal year through the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of the 2016 fiscal year |
1.075 to 1.00 | |
The last day of the first fiscal quarter of the 2017 fiscal year and thereafter |
1.10 to 1.00 |
(c) Right to Cure. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 9.14(a) or (b), in the event that any Credit Party would otherwise be in default of the financial covenants set forth in Section 9.14(a) or (b) for any period, on or before the tenth Business Day subsequent to the due date for delivery of the financial statements for such period pursuant to Section 8.1(b) or, with respect to the fourth fiscal quarter of a fiscal year of the Borrower, Section 8.1(a), the Borrower shall have the right to issue Qualified Capital Stock for cash in an aggregate amount equal to the amount necessary to cure the relevant failure to comply with all the applicable financial covenants contained in Section 9.14(a) and/or (b) (collectively, the Cure Right), and upon the receipt by the Borrower of such cash (the Cure Amount), such financial covenants shall be recalculated giving effect to the following: (i) Consolidated EBITDA for the fiscal quarter ending at the end of such period shall be increased by the Cure Amount, and such increase shall be effective for all periods that include such fiscal quarter and (ii) if, after giving effect to the foregoing recalculations, the Credit Parties shall then be in compliance with the requirements of the financial covenants set forth in Section 9.14(a) and (b), the Credit Parties shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements thereof as of the relevant date of determination with the same effect as though there had been no failure to comply therewith at such date, and the applicable breach or default thereof which had occurred shall be deemed cured as of such date for all purposes of this Agreement; provided, that:
(i) to the extent that the Cure Amount proceeds are used to repay Indebtedness, such Indebtedness shall not be deemed to have been repaid for purposes of calculating the Consolidated Leverage Ratio for the period with respect to which such Compliance Certificate applies or any other Compliance Certificate including such period applies;
(ii) (A) in each four consecutive fiscal quarter period, there shall be a period of at least two (2) fiscal quarters in respect of which no Cure Right is exercised, (B) the
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Cure Amount for any applicable period shall be no greater than the aggregate amount necessary to cure all Events of Default arising in respect of Section 9.14(a) or (b) for such applicable period and (C) there shall be no more than four (4) Cure Rights exercised during the term of this Agreement; and
(iii) (A) the Cure Amount shall be disregarded for all calculations under this Agreement other than compliance with Section 9.14(a) and/or (b), as applicable, and shall be disregarded for purposes of determining compliance with Sections 9.14(a) and (b) on a Pro Forma Basis for purposes of clause (i) of the definition of Permitted Acquisitions and Section 4.4(b)(v) and (B) any cash comprising the Cure Amount shall not operate to reduce the Consolidated Leverage Ratio in any period to the extent any Cure Amount is included in calculations of Section 9.14(a) or (b).
Section 9.15 Disposal of Subsidiary Interests.
Permit any Domestic Subsidiary to be a non-Wholly-Owned Subsidiary except (a) as a result of or in connection with a dissolution, merger, amalgamation, consolidation or disposition permitted by Section 9.4 or 9.5 or (b) so long as such Domestic Subsidiary continues to be a Guarantor.
Section 9.16 Merger Agreement Earn Out Payment.
Nothing contained in this Agreement shall prohibit the payments when due of the Merger Agreement Earn Out Payment.
Section 9.17 Inactive Companies.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, no Inactive Company shall employ any employees, own any assets, incur any obligations or conduct any business activity, in each case, other than as described on Schedule 7.23.
ARTICLE X
DEFAULT AND REMEDIES
Section 10.1 Events of Default.
Each of the following shall constitute an Event of Default:
(a) Default in Payment of Principal of Loans and Reimbursement Obligations. The Borrower shall default in any payment of principal of any Loan or Reimbursement Obligation when and as due (whether at maturity, by reason of acceleration or otherwise).
(b) Other Payment Default. The Borrower or any other Credit Party shall default in the payment when and as due (whether at maturity, by reason of acceleration or otherwise) of interest on any Loan or Reimbursement Obligation or the payment of any other Obligation, and such default shall continue for a period of three (3) Business Days.
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(c) Misrepresentation. Any representation, warranty, certification or statement of fact made or deemed made by or on behalf of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof in this Agreement, in any other Loan Document, or in any document delivered in connection herewith or therewith that is subject to materiality or Material Adverse Effect qualifications, shall be incorrect or misleading in any respect when made or deemed made or any representation, warranty, certification or statement of fact made or deemed made by or on behalf of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof in this Agreement, any other Loan Document, or in any document delivered in connection herewith or therewith that is not subject to materiality or Material Adverse Effect qualifications, shall be incorrect or misleading in any material respect when made or deemed made.
(d) Default in Performance of Certain Covenants. Any Credit Party shall default in the performance or observance of any covenant or agreement contained in Sections 8.1, 8.2(a), 8.3(a), 8.4, 8.6, 8.10, 8.11 or 8.13 or Article IX.
(e) Default in Performance of Other Covenants and Conditions. Any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof shall default in the performance or observance of any term, covenant, condition or agreement contained in this Agreement (other than as specifically provided for in this Section) or any other Loan Document and such default shall continue for a period of thirty (30) days after the earlier of (i) the Administrative Agents delivery of written notice thereof to the Borrower and (ii) a Responsible Officer of the Borrower having obtained actual knowledge thereof.
(f) Indebtedness Cross-Default. Any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof shall (i) default in the payment of any Indebtedness (other than the Loans or any Reimbursement Obligation) the aggregate outstanding amount of which Indebtedness is in excess of $1,000,000 beyond the period of grace if any, provided in the instrument or agreement under which such Indebtedness was created, or (ii) default in the observance or performance of any other agreement or condition relating to any Indebtedness (other than the Loans or any Reimbursement Obligation) the aggregate outstanding amount (or, with respect to any Hedge Agreement, the Hedge Termination Value) of which Indebtedness is in excess of $1,000,000 or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto or any other event shall occur or condition exist, the effect of which default or other event or condition is to cause, or to permit the holder or holders of such Indebtedness (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or holders) to cause, with the giving of notice and/or lapse of time, if required, any such Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity (any applicable grace period having expired).
(g) Change in Control. Any Change in Control shall occur.
(h) Voluntary Bankruptcy Proceeding. Any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof shall (i) commence a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy laws (as now or hereafter in effect), (ii) file a petition seeking to take advantage of any other laws, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, winding up or composition for adjustment of debts, (iii) consent to or fail to contest in a timely and appropriate manner any petition filed against it in an involuntary case under such bankruptcy laws or other laws, (iv) apply for or consent to, or fail to contest in a timely and appropriate manner, the appointment of, or the taking of possession by, a receiver, custodian, trustee, or liquidator of itself or of a substantial part of its
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property, domestic or foreign, (v) admit in writing its inability to pay its debts as they become due, (vi) make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or (vii) take any corporate action for the purpose of authorizing any of the foregoing.
(i) Involuntary Bankruptcy Proceeding. A case or other proceeding shall be commenced against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction seeking (i) relief under the federal bankruptcy laws (as now or hereafter in effect) or under any other laws, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, winding up or adjustment of debts, or (ii) the appointment of a trustee, receiver, custodian, liquidator or the like for any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof or for all or any substantial part of their respective assets, domestic or foreign, and such case or proceeding shall continue without dismissal or stay for a period of sixty (60) consecutive days, or an order granting the relief requested in such case or proceeding (including, but not limited to, an order for relief under such federal bankruptcy laws) shall be entered.
(j) Failure of Agreements. Any material provision of this Agreement or any material provision of any other Loan Document shall for any reason cease to be valid and binding on any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof party thereto or any such Person shall so state in writing, or any Loan Document shall for any reason cease to create a valid and perfected first priority Lien (subject to Permitted Liens) on, or security interest in, any of the Collateral purported to be covered thereby, in each case other than in accordance with the express terms hereof or thereof.
(k) ERISA Events. The occurrence of any Termination Event.
(l) Judgment. A judgment or order for the payment of money which causes the aggregate amount of all such judgments or orders (net of any amounts paid or fully covered by independent third party insurance as to which the relevant insurance company does not dispute coverage) to exceed the Threshold Amount shall be entered against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof by any court and such judgment or order shall continue without having been discharged, vacated or stayed for a period of thirty (30) consecutive days after the entry thereof.
Section 10.2 Remedies.
Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, with the consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, or upon the request of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall, by notice to the Borrower:
(a) Acceleration; Termination of Credit Facility. Terminate the Revolving Credit Commitment and declare the principal of and interest on the Loans and the Reimbursement Obligations at the time outstanding, and all other amounts owed to the Lenders and to the Administrative Agent under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents (including, without limitation, all L/C Obligations, whether or not the beneficiaries of the then outstanding Letters of Credit shall have presented or shall be entitled to present the documents required thereunder) and all other Obligations, to be forthwith due and payable, whereupon the same shall immediately become due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are expressly waived by each Credit Party, anything in this Agreement or the other Loan Documents to the contrary notwithstanding, and terminate the Credit Facility and
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any right of the Borrower to request borrowings or Letters of Credit thereunder; provided, that upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 10.1(h) or (i), the Credit Facility shall be automatically terminated and all Obligations shall automatically become due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are expressly waived by each Credit Party, anything in this Agreement or in any other Loan Document to the contrary notwithstanding.
(b) Letters of Credit. With respect to all Letters of Credit with respect to which presentment for honor shall not have occurred at the time of an acceleration pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the Borrower shall at such time deposit in a Cash Collateral account opened by the Administrative Agent an amount equal to the aggregate then undrawn and unexpired amount of such Letters of Credit. Amounts held in such Cash Collateral account shall be applied by the Administrative Agent to the payment of drafts drawn under such Letters of Credit, and the unused portion thereof after all such Letters of Credit shall have expired or been fully drawn upon, if any, shall be applied to repay the other Obligations on a pro rata basis. After all such Letters of Credit shall have expired or been fully drawn upon, the Reimbursement Obligation shall have been satisfied and all other Obligations shall have been paid in full, the balance, if any, in such Cash Collateral account shall be returned to the Borrower.
(c) General Remedies. Exercise on behalf of the Secured Parties all of its other rights and remedies under this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and Applicable Law, in order to satisfy all of the Obligations.
(d) Cure Right. Upon receipt by the Administrative Agent of written notice that Borrower intends to exercise its Cure Right for a fiscal period in accordance with the terms and provisions of Section 9.14(c), prior to the tenth (10th) Business Day subsequent to the due date for delivery of the relevant financial statements pursuant to Section 8.1(a) or (b), as applicable (the Anticipated Cure Deadline) the Administrative Agent shall not be permitted to exercise any of the rights or remedies set forth in this Section 10.2 on the basis of the Credit Parties failure to comply with the requirements of the covenants set forth in Section 9.14 for the applicable period but only to the extent that such rights or remedies arise exclusively as a result of the existence of the Credit Parties failure to comply with the requirements of the covenants set forth in Section 9.14 for the applicable period, until such failure is not cured pursuant to the exercise of the Cure Right on or prior to the Anticipated Cure Deadline. For the avoidance of doubt, after the Anticipated Cure Deadline, if the Credit Parties have not cured such failure pursuant to the exercise of the Cure Right in accordance with the terms of Section 9.14, the Administrative Agent may exercise any of the rights or remedies set forth in this Section 10.2.
Section 10.3 Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Non-Waiver; etc.
(a) The enumeration of the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders set forth in this Agreement is not intended to be exhaustive and the exercise by the Administrative Agent and the Lenders of any right or remedy shall not preclude the exercise of any other rights or remedies, all of which shall be cumulative, and shall be in addition to any other right or remedy given hereunder or under the other Loan Documents or that may now or hereafter exist at law or in equity or by suit or otherwise. No delay or failure to take action on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender in exercising any right, power or privilege
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shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege or shall be construed to be a waiver of any Event of Default. No course of dealing between the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders or their respective agents or employees shall be effective to change, modify or discharge any provision of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or to constitute a waiver of any Event of Default.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the authority to enforce rights and remedies hereunder and under the other Loan Documents against the Credit Parties or any of them shall be vested exclusively in, and all actions and proceedings at law in connection with such enforcement shall be instituted and maintained exclusively by, the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 10.2 for the benefit of all the Lenders and the Issuing Lender; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit (a) the Administrative Agent from exercising on its own behalf the rights and remedies that inure to its benefit (solely in its capacity as Administrative Agent) hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, (b) the Issuing Lender from exercising the rights and remedies that inure to its benefit (solely in its capacity as Issuing Lender) hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, (c) any Lender from exercising setoff rights in accordance with Section 12.4 (subject to the terms of Section 5.6), or (d) any Lender from filing proofs of claim or appearing and filing pleadings on its own behalf during the pendency of a proceeding relative to any Credit Party under any Debtor Relief Law; and provided, further, that if at any time there is no Person acting as Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, then (i) the Required Lenders shall have the rights otherwise ascribed to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 10.2 and (ii) in addition to the matters set forth in clauses (b), (c) and (d) of the preceding proviso and subject to Section 5.6, any Lender may, with the consent of the Required Lenders, enforce any rights and remedies available to it and as authorized by the Required Lenders.
Section 10.4 Crediting of Payments and Proceeds.
In the event that the Obligations have been accelerated pursuant to Section 10.2 or the Administrative Agent or any Lender has exercised any remedy set forth in this Agreement or any other Loan Document, all payments received by the Lenders upon the Secured Obligations and all net proceeds from the enforcement of the Secured Obligations shall be applied:
First, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting fees, indemnities, expenses and other amounts, including attorney fees, payable to the Administrative Agent in its capacity as such, and the Issuing Lender in its capacity as such, ratably among the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause First payable to them;
Second, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting fees, indemnities and other amounts (other than principal and interest) payable to the Lenders under the Loan Documents, including attorney fees, ratably among the Lenders in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Second payable to them;
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Third, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting accrued and unpaid interest on the Loans and Reimbursement Obligations, ratably among the Lenders in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Third payable to them;
Fourth, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting unpaid principal of the Loans, Reimbursement Obligations and payment obligations then owing under Secured Hedge Agreements and Secured Cash Management Agreements, ratably among the Lenders, the Issuing Lender, the Hedge Banks and the Cash Management Banks in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Fourth held by them;
Fifth, to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Issuing Lender, to Cash Collateralize any L/C Obligations then outstanding; and
Last, the balance, if any, after all of the Secured Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full, to the Borrower or as otherwise required by Applicable Law.
Excluded Swap Obligations with respect to any Credit Party shall not be paid with amounts received from such Credit Party or such Credit Partys assets, but appropriate adjustments shall be made with respect to payments from other Credit Parties to preserve the allocation to the Secured Obligations otherwise set forth above in this Section.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Secured Obligations arising under Secured Cash Management Agreements and Secured Hedge Agreements shall be excluded from the application described above if the Administrative Agent has not received written notice thereof, together with such supporting documentation as the Administrative Agent may request, from the applicable Cash Management Bank or Hedge Bank, as the case may be. Each Cash Management Bank or Hedge Bank not a party to this Agreement that has given the notice contemplated by the preceding sentence shall, by such notice, be deemed to have acknowledged and accepted the appointment of the Administrative Agent pursuant to the terms of Article XI for itself and its Affiliates as if a Lender party hereto.
Section 10.5 Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim.
In case of the pendency of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or any other judicial proceeding relative to any Credit Party, the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan or L/C Obligation shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrower) shall be entitled and empowered (but not obligated) by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise:
(a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Loans, L/C Obligations and all other Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Lenders, the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Lenders, the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent and their respective agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Lenders, the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent under Sections 3.3, 5.3 and 12.3) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and
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(b) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;
and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender and the Issuing Lender to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, in the event that the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders and the Issuing Lender, to pay to the Administrative Agent any amount due for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Administrative Agent and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Administrative Agent under Sections 3.3, 5.3 and 12.3.
Section 10.6 Credit Bidding.
(a) The Administrative Agent, with the consent of the Required Lenders, on behalf of itself and the Lenders, shall have the right to credit bid and purchase for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders all or any portion of Collateral at any sale thereof conducted by the Administrative Agent under the provisions of the UCC, including pursuant to Sections 9-610 or 9-620 of the UCC, at any sale thereof conducted under the provisions of the United States Bankruptcy Code, including Section 363 thereof, or a sale under a plan of reorganization, or at any other sale or foreclosure conducted by the Administrative Agent (whether by judicial action or otherwise) in accordance with Applicable Law.
(b) Each Lender hereby agrees that, except as otherwise provided in any Loan Documents or with the written consent of the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders, it will not take any enforcement action, accelerate obligations under any Loan Documents, or exercise any right that it might otherwise have under applicable law to credit bid at foreclosure sales, UCC sales or other similar dispositions of Collateral.
ARTICLE XI
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
Section 11.1 Appointment and Authority.
(a) Each of the Lenders and the Issuing Lender hereby irrevocably designates and appoints Wells Fargo to act on its behalf as the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. The provisions of this Article are solely for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Issuing Lender, and neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary thereof shall have rights as a third party beneficiary of any of such provisions. It is understood and agreed that the use of the term agent herein or in any other Loan Documents (or any other similar term) with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable law. Instead such term is used as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between contracting parties.
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(b) The Administrative Agent shall also act as the collateral agent under the Loan Documents, and each of the Lenders (including in its capacity as a potential Hedge Bank or Cash Management Bank) and the Issuing Lender hereby irrevocably appoints and authorizes the Administrative Agent to act as the agent of such Lender and the Issuing Lender for purposes of acquiring, holding and enforcing any and all Liens on Collateral granted by any of the Credit Parties to secure any of the Secured Obligations, together with such powers and discretion as are reasonably incidental thereto (including, without limitation, to enter into additional Loan Documents or supplements to existing Loan Documents on behalf of the Secured Parties). In this connection, the Administrative Agent, as collateral agent and any co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact appointed by the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Article XI for purposes of holding or enforcing any Lien on the Collateral (or any portion thereof) granted under the Security Documents, or for exercising any rights and remedies thereunder at the direction of the Administrative Agent), shall be entitled to the benefits of all provisions of Articles XI and XII (including Section 12.3, as though such co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact were the collateral agent under the Loan Documents) as if set forth in full herein with respect thereto.
Section 11.2 Rights as a Lender.
The Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Administrative Agent and the term Lender or Lenders shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, include the Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder in its individual capacity. Such Person and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, own securities of, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for and generally engage in any kind of business with the Borrower or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if such Person were not the Administrative Agent hereunder and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders.
Section 11.3 Exculpatory Provisions.
(a) The Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent:
(i) shall not be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether a Default has occurred and is continuing;
(ii) shall not have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Loan Documents that the Administrative Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be expressly provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents), provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any
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action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or Applicable Law, including for the avoidance of doubt any action that may be in violation of the automatic stay under any Debtor Relief Law or that may effect a forfeiture, modification or termination of property of a Defaulting Lender in violation of any Debtor Relief Law; and
(iii) shall not, except as expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, have any duty to disclose, and shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, any information relating to the Borrower or any of its Affiliates that is communicated to or obtained by the Person serving as the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity.
(b) The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in Section 12.2 and Section 10.2) or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final nonappealable judgment. The Administrative Agent shall be deemed not to have knowledge of any Default unless and until notice describing such Default is given to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower, a Lender or the Issuing Lender.
(c) The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Default, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document or (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article VI or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent.
Section 11.4 Reliance by the Administrative Agent.
The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper Person. The Administrative Agent also may rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon. In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Loan, or the issuance of a Letter of Credit, that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender or the Issuing Lender, the Administrative Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender or the Issuing Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender or the Issuing Lender prior to the making of such Loan or the issuance of such Letter of Credit. The
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Administrative Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for the Borrower), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts.
Section 11.5 Delegation of Duties.
The Administrative Agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Loan Document by or through any one or more sub agents appointed by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent and any such sub agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Related Parties. The exculpatory provisions of this Article shall apply to any such sub agent and to the Related Parties of the Administrative Agent and any such sub agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the Credit Facility as well as activities as Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agents except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines in a final and nonappealable judgment that the Administrative Agent acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in the selection of such sub-agents.
Section 11.6 Resignation of Administrative Agent.
(a) The Administrative Agent may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders, the Issuing Lender and the Borrower. Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right, with, except during the continuation of an Event of Default, the consent of the Borrower, to appoint a successor, which shall be a bank with an office in the United States, or an Affiliate of any such bank with an office in the United States. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days after the retiring Administrative Agent gives notice of its resignation (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the Resignation Effective Date), then the retiring Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to), on behalf of the Lenders and the Issuing Lender, appoint a successor Administrative Agent meeting the qualifications set forth above. Whether or not a successor has been appointed, such resignation shall become effective in accordance with such notice on the Resignation Effective Date.
(b) If the Person serving as Administrative Agent is a Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (d) of the definition thereof, the Required Lenders may, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, by notice in writing to the Borrower and such Person, remove such Person as Administrative Agent and, except during the continuation of an Event of Default, with the consent of the Borrower, appoint a successor. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the Removal Effective Date), then such removal shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice on the Removal Effective Date.
(c) With effect from the Resignation Effective Date or the Removal Effective Date (as applicable), (1) the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its
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duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (except that in the case of any collateral security held by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders or the Issuing Lender under any of the Loan Documents, the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall continue to hold such collateral security until such time as a successor Administrative Agent is appointed) and (2) except for any indemnity payments owed to the retiring or removed Administrative Agent, all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through the Administrative Agent shall instead be made by or to each Lender and the Issuing Lender directly, until such time, if any, as the Required Lenders appoint a successor Administrative Agent as provided for above. Upon the acceptance of a successors appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring or removed Administrative Agent (other than any rights to indemnity payments owed to the retiring or removed Administrative Agent), and the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents. The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor Administrative Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such successor. After the retiring or removed Administrative Agents resignation or removal hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the provisions of this Article and Section 12.3 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring or removed Administrative Agent, its sub-agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring or removed Administrative Agent was acting as Administrative Agent.
(d) Any resignation by Wells Fargo as Administrative Agent pursuant to this Section shall also constitute its resignation as Issuing Lender. Upon the acceptance of a successors appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder, (a) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Issuing Lender, (b) the retiring Issuing Lender shall be discharged from all of their respective duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents, and (c) the successor Issuing Lender shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding at the time of such succession or make other arrangement satisfactory to the retiring Issuing Lender to effectively assume the obligations of the retiring Issuing Lender with respect to such Letters of Credit.
Section 11.7 Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders.
Each Lender and the Issuing Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Lender and the Issuing Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder.
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Section 11.8 No Other Duties, etc.
Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, none of the syndication agents, documentation agents, managing agents, co-agents, book runners, lead managers, arrangers, lead arrangers or co-arrangers listed on the cover page or signature pages hereof shall have any powers, duties or responsibilities under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, except in its capacity, as applicable, as the Administrative Agent, a Lender or the Issuing Lender hereunder.
Section 11.9 Collateral and Guaranty Matters.
(a) Each of the Lenders (including in its or any of its Affiliates capacities as a potential Hedge Bank or Cash Management Bank) irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent, at its option and in its discretion:
(i) to release any Lien on any Collateral granted to or held by the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, under any Loan Document (A) upon the termination of the Revolving Credit Commitment and payment in full of all Obligations under the Loan Documents (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) and the expiration or termination of all Letters of Credit (other than Letters of Credit as to which other arrangements satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the applicable Issuing Bank shall have been made), (B) that is sold or to be sold as part of or in connection with any sale permitted hereunder or under any other Loan Document, or (C) if approved, authorized or ratified in writing in accordance with Section 12.2;
(ii) to subordinate any Lien on any Collateral granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document to the holder of any Permitted Lien; and
(iii) to release any Guarantor from its obligations under any Loan Documents if such Person ceases to be a Subsidiary as a result of a transaction permitted hereunder.
Upon request by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Required Lenders will confirm in writing the Administrative Agents authority to release or subordinate its interest in particular types or items of property, or to release any Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty pursuant to this Section 11.9. In each case as specified in this Section 11.9, the Administrative Agent will, at the Borrowers expense, execute and deliver to the applicable Credit Party such documents as such Credit Party may reasonably request to evidence the release of such item of Collateral from the assignment and security interest granted under the Security Documents or to subordinate its interest in such item, or to release such Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty, in each case in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents and this Section 11.9. In the case of any such sale, transfer or disposal of any property constituting Collateral in a transaction constituting an Asset Disposition permitted pursuant to Section 9.5, the Liens created by any of the Security Documents on such property shall be automatically released without need for further action by any person.
(b) The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have a duty to ascertain or inquire into any representation or warranty regarding the existence, value or collectability of the Collateral, the existence, priority or perfection of the Administrative Agents Lien thereon, or
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any certificate prepared by any Credit Party in connection therewith, nor shall the Administrative Agent be responsible or liable to the Lenders for any failure to monitor or maintain any portion of the Collateral.
Section 11.10 Secured Hedge Agreements and Secured Cash Management Agreements.
No Cash Management Bank or Hedge Bank that obtains the benefits of Section 10.4 or any Collateral by virtue of the provisions hereof or of any Security Document shall have any right to notice of any action or to consent to, direct or object to any action hereunder or under any other Loan Document or otherwise in respect of the Collateral (including the release or impairment of any Collateral) other than in its capacity as a Lender and, in such case, only to the extent expressly provided in the Loan Documents. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article XI to the contrary, the Administrative Agent shall not be required to verify the payment of, or that other satisfactory arrangements have been made with respect to, Secured Cash Management Agreements and Secured Hedge Agreements unless the Administrative Agent has received written notice of such Secured Cash Management Agreements and Secured Hedge Agreements, together with such supporting documentation as the Administrative Agent may request, from the applicable Cash Management Bank or Hedge Bank, as the case may be.
ARTICLE XII
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 12.1 Notices.
(a) Notices Generally. Except in the case of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone (and except as provided in paragraph (b) below), all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by facsimile as follows:
If to the Borrower: | ||||||
Wing Stop Holding Corporation c/o Wingstop Restaurants Inc. |
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5501 LBJ Freeway, 5th Floor | ||||||
Dallas, TX 75240 | ||||||
Attention of: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||
Facsimile No.: | (972) 534-1859 | |||||
E-mail: | mmravle@wingstop.com | |||||
Website address: | www.wingstop.com | |||||
With copies to: |
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Wingstop Restaurants Inc. |
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5501 LBJ Freeway, 5th Floor | ||||||
Dallas, TX 75240 |
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Attention of: | General Counsel | |||||
E-mail: | jyoung@wingstop.com | |||||
and |
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King & Spalding LLP |
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1185 Avenue of the Americas | ||||||
New York, NY 10036 | ||||||
Attention of: | Robert S. Finley | |||||
Facsimile No.: | (212) 556-2222 | |||||
If to Wells Fargo as Administrative Agent: | ||||||
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent | ||||||
1808 Aston Avenue, Suite 250 | ||||||
Carlsbad, CA 92008 | ||||||
Attention of: | Loan Administration | |||||
Telephone No.: | (760) 918-2700 | |||||
Facsimile No.: | (760) 918-2727 | |||||
E-mail: | scott.jay.martin@wellsfargo.com | |||||
With copies to: |
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Wells Fargo Bank, National Association |
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1808 Aston Ave., Ste 250 | ||||||
Carlsbad, CA 92008 | ||||||
MAC E2405-020 | ||||||
Attention of: | Todd Alcantara | |||||
Telephone No.: | (760) 918-2728 | |||||
Facsimile No.: | (760) 918-2727 | |||||
E-mail: | todd.j.alcantara@wellsfargo.com | |||||
If to any Lender: |
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To the address set forth on the Register |
Notices sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices sent by facsimile shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next business day for the recipient). Notices delivered through electronic communications, to the extent provided in paragraph (b) below, shall be effective as provided in said paragraph (b).
(b) Electronic Communications. Notices and other communications to the Lenders and the Issuing Lender hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent, provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender or the Issuing Lender pursuant to Article II if such Lender or the Issuing Lender, as applicable, has
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notified the Administrative Agent that is incapable of receiving notices under such Article by electronic communication. The Administrative Agent or the Borrower may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it, provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications. Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the senders receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the return receipt requested function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement), and (ii) notices or communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that, for both clauses (i) and (ii) above, if such notice, email or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice, email or other communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next business day for the recipient.
(c) Administrative Agents Office. The Administrative Agent hereby designates its office located at the address set forth above, or any subsequent office which shall have been specified for such purpose by written notice to the Borrower and Lenders, as the Administrative Agents Office referred to herein, to which payments due are to be made and at which Loans will be disbursed and Letters of Credit requested.
(d) Change of Address, Etc. Any party hereto may change its address or facsimile number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto.
(e) Platform.
(i) Each Credit Party agrees that the Administrative Agent may, but shall not be obligated to, make the Communications (as defined below) available to the Issuing Lender and the other Lenders by posting the Communications on Debt Domain, Intralinks, Syndtrak or a substantially similar electronic transmission system (the Platform).
(ii) The Platform is provided as is and as available. The Agent Parties (as defined below) do not warrant the adequacy of the Platform and expressly disclaim liability for errors or omissions in the Communications. No warranty of any kind, express, implied or statutory, including, without limitation, any warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of third-party rights or freedom from viruses or other code defects, is made by any Agent Party in connection with the Communications or the Platform. In no event shall the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties (collectively, the Agent Parties) have any liability to any Credit Party, any Lender or any other Person or entity for damages of any kind, including, without limitation, direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, losses or expenses (whether in tort, contract or otherwise) arising out of any Credit Partys or the Administrative Agents transmission of communications through the Platform except to the extent that such damages, losses or expenses are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted
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from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Agent Party. Communications means, collectively, any notice, demand, communication, information, document or other material provided by or on behalf of any Credit Party pursuant to any Loan Document or the transactions contemplated therein which is distributed to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or any Lender by means of electronic communications pursuant to this Section, including through the Platform.
Section 12.2 Amendments, Waivers and Consents.
Except as set forth below or as specifically provided in any Loan Document, any term, covenant, agreement or condition of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents may be amended or waived by the Lenders, and any consent given by the Lenders, if, but only if, such amendment, waiver or consent is in writing signed by the Required Lenders (or by the Administrative Agent with the consent of the Required Lenders) and delivered to the Administrative Agent and, in the case of an amendment, signed by the Borrower; provided that no amendment, waiver or consent shall:
(a) increase the Revolving Credit Commitment of any Revolving Credit Lender (or reinstate any Revolving Credit Commitment terminated pursuant to Section 10.2) without the written consent of such Revolving Credit Lender;
(b) waive, extend or postpone any date fixed by this Agreement or any other Loan Document for any payment (excluding mandatory prepayments) of principal, interest, fees or other amounts due to the Lenders (or any of them) hereunder or under any other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby;
(c) reduce the principal of, or the rate of interest specified herein on, any Loan or Reimbursement Obligation, or (subject to clause (iii) of the second proviso to this Section) any fees or other amounts payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby; provided that only the consent of the Required Lenders shall be necessary (i) to waive any obligation of the Borrower to pay interest at the rate set forth in Section 5.1(c) during the continuance of an Event of Default or (ii) to amend any financial covenant hereunder (or any defined term used therein) even if the effect of such amendment would be to reduce the rate of interest on any Loan or L/C Obligation or to reduce any fee payable hereunder;
(d) change Section 5.6 or Section 10.4 in a manner that would alter the pro rata sharing of payments required thereby without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby, other than any Lender whose Loans and other Obligations are paid in full and whose Commitments are terminated upon the effectiveness of such amendment;
(e) change Section 4.4(b)(vi) in a manner that would alter the order of application of amounts prepaid pursuant thereto without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby;
(f) change any provision of this Section or reduce the percentages specified in the definition of Required Lenders or any other provision hereof specifying the number or percentage of Lenders required to amend, waive or otherwise modify any rights hereunder or make any determination or grant any consent hereunder, without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby;
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(g) consent to the assignment or transfer by any Credit Party of such Credit Partys rights and obligations under any Loan Document to which it is a party (except as permitted pursuant to Section 9.4), in each case, without the written consent of each Lender;
(h) release all or substantially all of the Guarantors from the Guaranty (other than as authorized in Section 11.9 or as otherwise specifically permitted or contemplated in this Agreement), without the written consent of each Lender; or
(i) release all or substantially all of the Collateral or release any Security Document (other than as authorized in Section 11.9 or as otherwise specifically permitted or contemplated in this Agreement or the applicable Security Document) without the written consent of each Lender;
provided, further, that (i) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the Issuing Lender in addition to the Lenders required above, affect the rights or duties of the Issuing Lender under this Agreement or any Letter of Credit Application relating to any Letter of Credit issued or to be issued by it; (ii) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the Administrative Agent in addition to the Lenders required above, affect the rights or duties of the Administrative Agent under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; (iii) the Fee Letter may be amended, or rights or privileges thereunder waived, in a writing executed only by the parties thereto and (iv) the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall be permitted to amend any provision of the Loan Documents (and such amendment shall become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to any Loan Document) if the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall have jointly identified an obvious error or any error or omission of a technical or immaterial nature in any such provision. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Defaulting Lender shall have any right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent hereunder, except that the Revolving Credit Commitment of such Lender may not be increased or extended without the consent of such Lender.
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, (i) each Lender hereby irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent on its behalf, and without further consent, to enter into amendments or modifications to this Agreement (including, without limitation, amendments to this Section 12.2) or any of the other Loan Documents or to enter into additional Loan Documents as the Administrative Agent reasonably deems appropriate in order to effectuate the terms of Section 4.1(c) and Section 5.15 (including, without limitation, as applicable, to permit the Further Incremental Term Loans and the increases in the Revolving Credit Commitments to share ratably in the benefits of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents); provided that no such amendment or modification shall (x) result in any increase in the amount of any Lenders Commitment or any increase in any Lenders Commitment Percentage, in each case, without the written consent of such affected Lender or (y) modify the terms of Section 4.1(c) or Section 5.15 and (ii) the amendments contemplated by Section 9.5(n) can become effective with the consent solely of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
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Section 12.3 Expenses; Indemnity.
(a) Costs and Expenses. The Borrower and any other Credit Party, jointly and severally, shall pay (i) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates (including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of one counsel for the Administrative Agent, its Affiliates and the Lenders, taken as a whole), in connection with the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), (ii) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Issuing Lender in connection with the issuance, amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit or any demand for payment thereunder and (iii) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Lender (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Lender), in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights (A) in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, including its rights under this Section, or (B) in connection with the Loans made or Letters of Credit issued hereunder, including all such documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans or Letters of Credit; limited in the case of legal fees under clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) to the reasonable legal fees and out-of-pocket expenses of a single counsel to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Issuing Lender, taken as a whole, and not more than one local counsel, if reasonably deemed necessary, in any relevant local jurisdiction (unless representation of both the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in such matter by a single counsel would be inappropriate due to the existence of an actual conflict of interest, in which case the Borrower shall be required to reimburse the reasonable and documented legal fees and out-of-pocket expenses of one separate counsel for the Administrative Agent and one separate counsel for the Lenders, taken as a whole, as the Administrative Agent and the Lenders reasonably determine and in good faith are necessary in light of such actual conflict of interest).
(b) Indemnification by the Borrower. The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof), each Lender and the Issuing Lender, and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called an Indemnitee) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, and shall pay or reimburse any such Indemnitee for, any and all losses, claims (including, without limitation, any Environmental Claims), damages, liabilities and related expenses (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee) incurred by any Indemnitee or asserted against any Indemnitee by any Person (including the Borrower or any other Credit Party), other than such Indemnitee and its Related Parties, arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby (including, without limitation, the Transactions), (ii) any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use or proposed use of the proceeds therefrom (including any refusal by the Issuing Lender to honor a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit if the documents presented in connection with such demand do not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit), (iii) any actual or alleged presence or Release of Hazardous Materials on or from any property owned or operated by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, or any Environmental Claim related in any way to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, (iv) any actual or prospective
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claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto, or (v) any claim (including, without limitation, any Environmental Claims), investigation, litigation or other proceeding (whether or not the Administrative Agent or any Lender is a party thereto) and the prosecution and defense thereof, arising out of or in any way connected with the Loans, this Agreement, any other Loan Document, or any documents contemplated by or referred to herein or therein or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby (any of the foregoing, a Proceeding), including without limitation, reasonable attorneys and consultants fees, provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee, (y) result from a claim brought by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof against an Indemnitee for any breach in bad faith or any material breach of such Indemnitees obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, if such Credit Party or such Subsidiary has obtained a final and nonappealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction or (z) arise from claims of any Indemnitee solely against one or more other Indemnitees that do not involve or have not resulted from an act or omission by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary.
It is understood that, with respect to the foregoing indemnification in this Section 12.3, the Borrower shall not be required to reimburse, or indemnify and hold harmless for, the reasonable and documented legal fees and out-of-pocket expenses of more than one outside counsel for all applicable Indemnitees, taken as whole (plus, in each case if reasonably deemed necessary by the affected Indemnitees, one local counsel in each relevant local jurisdiction, in each case for all such affected Indemnitees, taken as a whole) unless representation of all such affected Indemnitees in such matter by a single counsel would be inappropriate due to the existence of an actual conflict of interest, in which case the Borrower shall be required to reimburse, or indemnify and hold harmless for, the reasonable and documented legal fees and out-of-pocket expenses of one such additional counsel as such similarly affected Indemnitees reasonably determine and in good faith are necessary in light of such actual conflict of interest.
This Section 12.3 shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than Taxes that represent losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses arising from any non-Tax claim.
(c) Reimbursement by Lenders. To the extent that the Borrower for any reason fails to indefeasibly pay any amount required under clause (a) or (b) of this Section to be paid by it to the Administrative Agent (or any sub-agent thereof), the Issuing Lender or any Related Party of any of the foregoing, each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Issuing Lender or such Related Party, as the case may be, such Lenders pro rata share (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought based on each Lenders share of the Total Credit Exposure at such time) of such unpaid amount (including any such unpaid amount in respect of a claim asserted by such Lender); provided that with respect to such unpaid amounts owed to the Issuing Lender solely in its capacity as such, only the Revolving Credit Lenders shall be required to pay such unpaid amounts, such payment to be made severally among them based on such Revolving Credit Lenders Commitment Percentage (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed
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expense or indemnity payment is sought); provided, further, that the unreimbursed expense or indemnified loss, claim, damage, liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Issuing Lender in its capacity as such, or against any Related Party of any of the foregoing acting for the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent) or the Issuing Lender in connection with such capacity. The obligations of the Lenders under this clause (c) are subject to the provisions of Section 5.7.
(d) Waiver of Consequential Damages, Etc. To the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, no party hereto shall assert, and each party hereto hereby waives, any claim against any other party hereto, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds thereof. No Indemnitee referred to in clause (b) above shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed by it through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, except to the extent such damages are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee.
(e) Payments. All amounts due under this Section shall be payable promptly after demand therefor.
(f) Survival. Each partys obligations under this Section shall survive the termination of the Loan Documents and payment of the obligations hereunder.
Section 12.4 Right of Setoff.
If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Lender, the Issuing Lender and each of their respective Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing by such Lender, the Issuing Lender or any such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower or any other Credit Party against any and all of the obligations of the Borrower or such Credit Party now or hereafter existing under this Agreement or any other Loan Document to such Lender, the Issuing Lender or any of their respective Affiliates, irrespective of whether or not such Lender, the Issuing Lender or any such Affiliate shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Loan Document and although such obligations of the Borrower or such Credit Party may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch or office of such Lender, the Issuing Lender or such Affiliate different from the branch, office or Affiliate holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness; provided that in the event that any Defaulting Lender shall exercise any such right of setoff, (x) all amounts so set off shall be paid over immediately to the Administrative Agent for further application in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.4 and, pending such payment, shall be segregated by such Defaulting Lender from its other funds
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and deemed held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Lenders, and (y) the Defaulting Lender shall provide promptly to the Administrative Agent a statement describing in reasonable detail the Obligations owing to such Defaulting Lender as to which it exercised such right of setoff. The rights of each Lender, the Issuing Lender and their respective Affiliates under this Section are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender, the Issuing Lender or their respective Affiliates may have. Each Lender and the Issuing Lender agrees to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application.
Section 12.5 Governing Law; Jurisdiction, Etc.
(a) Governing Law. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents and any claim, controversy, dispute or cause of action (whether in contract or tort or otherwise) based upon, arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document (except, as to any other Loan Document, as expressly set forth therein) and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of New York.
(b) Submission to Jurisdiction. The Borrower and each other Credit Party irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that it will not commence any action, litigation or proceeding of any kind or description, whether in law or equity, whether in contract or in tort or otherwise, against the Administrative Agent, any Lender, the Issuing Lender or any Related Party of the foregoing in any way relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the transactions relating hereto or thereto, in any forum other than the courts of the State of New York sitting in New York County, and of the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, and each of the parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally submits to the jurisdiction of such courts and agrees that all claims in respect of any such action, litigation or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State court or, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, in such federal court. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action, litigation or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Agreement or in any other Loan Document shall affect any right that the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document against the Borrower or any other Credit Party or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction.
(c) Waiver of Venue. The Borrower and each other Credit Party irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document in any court referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.
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(d) Service of Process. Each party hereto irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 12.1. Nothing in this Agreement will affect the right of any party hereto to serve process in any other manner permitted by Applicable Law.
Section 12.6 Waiver of Jury Trial.
EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.
Section 12.7 Reversal of Payments.
To the extent any Credit Party makes a payment or payments to the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Lenders or the Administrative Agent receives any payment or proceeds of the Collateral which payments or proceeds or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside and/or required to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party under any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause, then, to the extent of such payment or proceeds repaid, the Obligations or part thereof intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment or proceeds had not been received by the Administrative Agent.
Section 12.8 Injunctive Relief.
The Borrower recognizes that, in the event the Borrower fails to perform, observe or discharge any of its obligations or liabilities under this Agreement, any remedy of law may prove to be inadequate relief to the Lenders. Therefore, the Borrower agrees that the Lenders, at the Lenders option, shall be entitled to temporary and permanent injunctive relief in any such case without the necessity of proving actual damages.
Section 12.9 Accounting Matters.
If at any time any change in GAAP would affect the computation of any financial ratio or requirement set forth in any Loan Document, and either the Borrower or the Required Lenders shall so request, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in GAAP (subject to the approval of the Required Lenders); provided that, until so amended, (i) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP prior to such change therein and (ii) the Borrower shall provide to the Administrative Agent and
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the Lenders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement or as reasonably requested hereunder setting forth a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in GAAP.
Section 12.10 Successors and Assigns; Participations.
(a) Successors and Assigns Generally. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that neither the Borrower nor any other Credit Party may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an assignee in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of this Section, (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Section or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of paragraph (f) of this Section (and any other attempted assignment or transfer by any party hereto shall be null and void). Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in paragraph (d) of this Section and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.
(b) Assignments by Lenders. Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Revolving Credit Commitment and the Loans at the time owing to it); provided that, in each case with respect to any Credit Facility, any such assignment shall be subject to the following conditions:
(i) Minimum Amounts.
(A) in the case of an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lenders Commitment and/or the Loans at the time owing to it (in each case with respect to any Facility) or contemporaneous assignments to related Approved Funds that equal at least the amount specified in paragraph (b)(i)(B) of this Section in the aggregate or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, no minimum amount need be assigned; and
(B) in any case not described in paragraph (b)(i)(A) of this Section, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Credit Commitment (which for this purpose includes Loans outstanding thereunder) or, if the applicable Revolving Credit Commitment is not then in effect, the principal outstanding balance of the Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment (determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent or, if Trade Date is specified in the Assignment and Assumption, as of the Trade Date) shall not be less than $1,000,000, in the case of any assignment in respect of the Revolving Credit Facility, or $1,000,000, in the
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case of any assignment in respect of the Term Loan Facility, unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed);
(ii) Proportionate Amounts. Each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lenders rights and obligations under this Agreement with respect to the Loan or the Revolving Credit Commitment assigned;
(iii) Required Consents. No consent shall be required for any assignment except to the extent required by paragraph (b)(i)(B) of this Section and, in addition:
(A) the consent of the Borrower (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required unless (x) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of such assignment or (y) such assignment is to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund;
(B) the consent of the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required for assignments in respect of (i) the Revolving Credit Facility if such assignment is to a Person that is not a Lender with a Revolving Credit Commitment, an Affiliate of such Lender or an Approved Fund with respect to such Lender or (ii) the Term Loans to a Person who is not a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund; and
(C) the consent of the Issuing Lender (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required for any assignment in respect of the Revolving Credit Facility.
(iv) Assignment and Assumption. The parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee of $3,500 for each assignment; provided that (A) only one such fee will be payable in connection with simultaneous assignments to two or more Approved Funds by a Lender and (B) the Administrative Agent may, in its sole discretion, elect to waive such processing and recordation fee in the case of any assignment. The assignee, if it is not a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an Administrative Questionnaire.
(v) No Assignment to Certain Persons. No such assignment shall be made to (A) the Borrower or any of the Borrowers Subsidiaries or Affiliates or (B) to any Defaulting Lender or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Person who, upon becoming a Lender hereunder, would constitute any of the foregoing Persons described in this clause (B).
(vi) No Assignment to Natural Persons. No such assignment shall be made to a natural Person.
(vii) Certain Additional Payments. In connection with any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder, no such assignment shall be
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effective unless and until, in addition to the other conditions thereto set forth herein, the parties to the assignment shall make such additional payments to the Administrative Agent in an aggregate amount sufficient, upon distribution thereof as appropriate (which may be outright payment, purchases by the assignee of participations or subparticipations, or other compensating actions, including funding, with the consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, the applicable pro rata share of Loans previously requested, but not funded by, the Defaulting Lender, to each of which the applicable assignee and assignor hereby irrevocably consent), to (A) pay and satisfy in full all payment liabilities then owed by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, each other Lender and the Borrower hereunder (and interest accrued thereon), and (B) acquire (and fund as appropriate) its full pro rata share of all Loans and participations in Letters of Credit in accordance with its Revolving Credit Commitment Percentage. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder shall become effective under Applicable Law without compliance with the provisions of this paragraph, then the assignee of such interest shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender for all purposes of this Agreement until such compliance occurs.
Subject to acceptance and recording thereof by the Administrative Agent pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Section, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lenders rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto) but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11 and 12.3 with respect to facts and circumstances occurring prior to the effective date of such assignment; provided that, except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no assignment by a Defaulting Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lenders having been a Defaulting Lender. Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this paragraph shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with paragraph (d) of this Section.
(c) Register. The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices in Charlotte, North Carolina, a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Revolving Credit Commitment of, and principal amounts of (and stated interest on) the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the Register). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender (but only to the extent of entries in the Register that are applicable to such Lender), at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.
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(d) Participations. Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to any Person (other than a natural Person or the Borrower or any of the Borrowers Affiliates or Subsidiaries) (each, a Participant) in all or a portion of such Lenders rights and/or obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Revolving Credit Commitment and/or the Loans owing to it); provided that (i) such Lenders obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (iii) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the other Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lenders rights and obligations under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, each Lender shall be responsible for the indemnity under Section 12.3(c) with respect to any payments made by such Lender to its Participant(s).
Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver or modification described in Section 12.2 that directly affects such Participant and would require the vote of all affected Lenders or all Lenders. The Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 5.8, 5.9, 5.10 and 5.11 (subject to the requirements and limitations therein, including the requirements of Section 5.11(f) (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 5.11(f) shall be delivered to the participating Lender)) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section; provided that such Participant (A) agrees to be subject to the provisions of Section 5.12 as if it were an assignee under paragraph (b) of this Section and (B) shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Sections 5.8, 5.9, 5.10 and 5.11, with respect to such participation, than its participating Lender would have been entitled to receive, except to the extent such entitlement to receive a greater payment results from a Change in Law that occurs after the Participant acquired the applicable participation. Each Lender that sells a participation agrees, at the Borrowers request and expense, to use reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Borrower to effectuate the provisions of Section 5.12(b) with respect to any Participant. To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 12.4 as though it were a Lender; provided that such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 5.6 as though it were a Lender.
(e) Participant Register. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participants interest in the Loans or other obligations under the Loan Documents (the Participant Register); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participants interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations. The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat
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each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.
(f) Certain Pledges. Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including without limitation any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.
Section 12.11 Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality.
Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Issuing Lender agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), and not disclose Information to any Person, except that Information may be disclosed (a) to its Affiliates and to its and its Related Parties (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential and, to the extent such Person does not agree in writing to the terms of this Section 12.11, the Administrative Agent, each Lender and the Issuing Lender shall be liable for any breach of this Section by any of its Affiliates and Related Persons), (b) to the extent required or requested by, or required to be disclosed to, any rating agency, or regulatory or similar authority purporting to have jurisdiction over such Person or its Related Parties (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners), (c) to the extent required by Applicable Laws or regulations or by any subpoena or similar legal process (and, to the extent practicable and permitted by Applicable Laws, the Administrative Agent, Lender or Issuing Lender, as applicable, shall provide advance notice to the Borrower of any disclosure under this clause (c)), (d) to any other party hereto, (e) in connection with the exercise of any remedies under this Agreement, under any other Loan Document or under any Secured Hedge Agreement or Secured Cash Management Agreement, or any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any Secured Hedge Agreement or Secured Cash Management Agreement, or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder, (f) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section, to (i) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement or (ii) any actual or prospective party (or its Related Parties) to any swap, derivative or other transaction under which payments are to be made by reference to the Borrower and its obligations, this Agreement or payments hereunder, (g) on a confidential basis to (i) any rating agency in connection with rating the Borrower or its Subsidiaries or the Credit Facility or (ii) the CUSIP Service Bureau or any similar agency in connection with the issuance and monitoring of CUSIP numbers with respect to the Credit Facility, (h) with the consent of the Borrower, (i) to Gold Sheets and other similar bank trade publications, limited to information customarily found in such publications, (j) to the extent such Information (i) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (ii) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender, the Issuing Lender or any of their respective Affiliates on a nonconfidential basis from a source other than the Borrower (which source is not known by the Administrative Agent, such Lender or the Issuing
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Lender or any of their respective Affiliates to have provided such information in breach of any confidentiality restriction) or (k) to governmental regulatory authorities in connection with any regulatory examination of the Administrative Agent or any Lender or in accordance with the Administrative Agents or any Lenders regulatory compliance policy if the Administrative Agent or such Lender deems necessary for the mitigation of claims by those authorities against the Administrative Agent or such Lender or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates. For purposes of this Section, Information means all information received from any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof relating to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof or any of their respective businesses. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.
Section 12.12 Performance of Duties.
Each of the Credit Partys obligations under this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents shall be performed by such Credit Party at its sole cost and expense.
Section 12.13 All Powers Coupled with Interest.
All powers of attorney and other authorizations granted to the Lenders, the Administrative Agent and any Persons designated by the Administrative Agent or any Lender pursuant to any provisions of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents shall be deemed coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable so long as any of the Obligations under the Loan Documents (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) remain unpaid or unsatisfied, any of the Commitments remain in effect or the Credit Facility has not been terminated.
Section 12.14 Survival.
(a) All representations and warranties set forth in Article VII and all representations and warranties contained in any certificate, or any of the Loan Documents (including, but not limited to, any such representation or warranty made in or in connection with any amendment thereto) shall constitute representations and warranties made under this Agreement. All representations and warranties made under this Agreement shall be made or deemed to be made at and as of the Effective Date (except those that are expressly made as of a specific date), shall survive the Effective Date and shall not be waived by the execution and delivery of this Agreement, any investigation made by or on behalf of the Lenders or any borrowing hereunder.
(b) Notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, the indemnities to which the Administrative Agent and the Lenders are entitled under the provisions of this Article XII and any other provision of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall continue in full force and effect and shall protect the Administrative Agent and the Lenders against events arising after such termination as well as before.
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Section 12.15 Titles and Captions.
Titles and captions of Articles, Sections and subsections in, and the table of contents of, this Agreement are for convenience only, and neither limit nor amplify the provisions of this Agreement.
Section 12.16 Severability of Provisions.
Any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective only to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions hereof or thereof or affecting the validity or enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.
Section 12.17 Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness; Electronic Execution.
(a) Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and any separate letter agreements with respect to fees payable to the Administrative Agent, constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. Except as provided in Section 6.1, this Agreement shall become effective when it shall have been executed by the Administrative Agent and when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by facsimile or in electronic (i.e., pdf or tif) format shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.
(b) Electronic Execution of Assignments. The words execution, signed, signature, and words of like import in any Assignment and Assumption shall be deemed to include electronic signatures or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.
Section 12.18 Term of Agreement.
This Agreement shall remain in effect from the Closing Date through and including the date upon which all Obligations (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) arising hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall have been indefeasibly and irrevocably paid and satisfied in full, all Letters of Credit have been terminated or expired (or been Cash Collateralized) and the Revolving Credit Commitment has been terminated. No termination of this Agreement shall affect the rights and obligations of the parties hereto arising prior to such termination or in respect of any provision of this Agreement which survives such termination.
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Section 12.19 USA PATRIOT Act.
The Administrative Agent and each Lender hereby notifies the Borrower that pursuant to the requirements of the PATRIOT Act, it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Borrower and the Guarantors, which information includes the name and address of the Borrower and each Guarantor and other information that will allow such Lender to identify the Borrower or such Guarantor in accordance with the PATRIOT Act.
Section 12.20 Independent Effect of Covenants.
The Borrower expressly acknowledges and agrees that each covenant contained in Articles VIII or IX hereof shall be given independent effect. Accordingly, the Borrower shall not engage in any transaction or other act otherwise permitted under any covenant contained in Articles VIII or IX if, before or after giving effect to such transaction or act, the Borrower shall or would be in breach of any other covenant contained in Articles VIII or IX.
Section 12.21 Inconsistencies with Other Documents.
In the event there is a conflict or inconsistency between this Agreement and any other Loan Document, the terms of this Agreement shall control; provided that any provision of the Security Documents which imposes additional burdens on the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or further restricts the rights of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or gives the Administrative Agent or Lenders additional rights shall not be deemed to be in conflict or inconsistent with this Agreement and shall be given full force and effect.
Section 12.22 Amendment and Restatement.
On the Effective Date, this Agreement shall amend, restate and supersede the Existing Credit Agreement in its entirety, except as provided in this Section 12.22. On the Effective Date, the rights and obligations of the parties evidenced by the Existing Credit Agreement shall be evidenced by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the giving of guarantees and the grant of security interests in and Liens on the Collateral by the relevant Credit Parties under the Loan Documents (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) shall continue under but as amended by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and shall not in any event be terminated, extinguished or annulled but shall hereafter be governed by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. All references to the Existing Credit Agreement in any Loan Document or other document or instrument delivered in connection therewith and thereunder, therein, thereof or words of like import referring to the Existing Credit Agreement shall be deemed to refer to this Agreement and the provisions hereof. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as a novation of the Obligations outstanding under and as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect, except as modified hereby.
Section 12.23 New Lenders.
By execution of this Agreement or a joinder agreement contemplated by Section 4.1(c) or Section 5.15, each Person (x) identified as a Lender on each signature page that is not already a Lender under the Existing Credit Agreement hereby and (y) identified as a Lender in such joinder agreement thereby acknowledges, agrees and confirms that, by its execution of this
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Agreement or such joinder agreement, as applicable, such Person will be deemed to be a party to this Agreement and a Lender for all purposes of this Agreement, and shall have all of the obligations of a Lender thereunder as if it had executed the Existing Credit Agreement or this Agreement as then in effect, as applicable. Such Person hereby ratifies, as of the date hereof, and agrees to be bound by, all of the terms, provisions and conditions applicable to the Lenders contained in this Agreement.
Section 12.24 No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility.
(a) In connection with all aspects of each transaction contemplated hereby, each Credit Party acknowledges and agrees its understanding that (i) the facilities provided for hereunder and any related arranging or other services in connection therewith (including in connection with any amendment, waiver or other modification hereof or of any other Loan Document) are an arms-length commercial transaction between the Borrower and the other Credit Parties, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent, the Arrangers and the Lenders, on the other hand, and the Borrower is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the other Loan Documents (including any amendment, waiver or other modification hereof or thereof), (ii) in connection with the process leading to such transaction, each of the Administrative Agent, the Arrangers and the Lenders is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the financial advisor or fiduciary, for the Borrower or any other Credit Party, (iii) none of the Administrative Agent, the Arrangers or the Lenders has assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Borrower with respect to any of the transactions contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto, including with respect to any amendment, waiver or other modification hereof or of any other Loan Document (irrespective of whether any Arranger or Lender has advised or is currently advising the Borrower or any other Credit Party on other matters) and none of the Administrative Agent, the Arrangers or the Lenders has any obligation to the Borrower or any other Credit Party with respect to the financing transactions contemplated hereby except those obligations expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, (iv) the Arrangers and the Lenders and their respective Affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from, and may conflict with, those of the Borrower and the other Credit Parties, and none of the Administrative Agent, the Arrangers or the Lenders has any obligation to disclose any of such interests by virtue of any advisory or fiduciary relationship and (v) the Administrative Agent, the Arrangers and the Lenders have not provided and will not provide any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to any of the transactions contemplated hereby (including any amendment, waiver or other modification hereof or of any other Loan Document) and the Credit Parties have consulted their own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent they have deemed appropriate. To the fullest extent permitted by law, each Credit Party hereby waives and releases any claims that it may have against the Administrative Agent, each of the Arrangers and each of the Lenders with respect to any breach or alleged breach of advisory or fiduciary duty in connection with any aspect of any transaction contemplated hereby.
(b) Each Credit Party acknowledges and agrees that each Lender, the Arrangers and any Affiliate thereof may lend money to, invest in, and generally engage in any kind of business with, any of the Borrower, any other Credit Party or any other person or entity that may do business with or own securities of any of the foregoing, all as if such Lender, Arranger or
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Affiliate thereof were not a Lender or an Arranger or an Affiliate thereof (or an agent or any other person with any similar role under the Credit Facility) and without any duty to account therefor to any other Lender, the Arrangers, the Borrower or any other Credit Party, in each case subject to requirements of Applicable Law. Each Lender, the Arrangers and any Affiliate thereof may accept fees and other consideration from the Borrower or any other Credit Party for services in connection with this Agreement, the Credit Facility or otherwise without having to account for the same to any other Lender, the Arrangers, the Borrower or any other Credit Party.
ARTICLE XIII
GUARANTY
Section 13.1 The Guaranty.
Each of the Guarantors hereby jointly and severally guarantees to each Lender, each Hedge Bank, each Cash Management Bank, and the Administrative Agent as hereinafter provided, as primary obligor and not as surety, the prompt payment of the Obligations in full when due (whether at stated maturity, as a mandatory prepayment, by acceleration, as a mandatory Cash Collateralization or otherwise) strictly in accordance with the terms thereof. The Guarantors hereby further agree that if any of the Obligations are not paid in full when due (whether at stated maturity, as a mandatory prepayment, by acceleration, as a mandatory Cash Collateralization or otherwise), the Guarantors will, jointly and severally, promptly pay the same, without any demand or notice whatsoever, and that in the case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any of the Obligations, the same will be promptly paid in full when due (whether at extended maturity, as a mandatory prepayment, by acceleration, as a mandatory Cash Collateralization or otherwise) in accordance with the terms of such extension or renewal.
Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein or in any other of the Loan Documents, Hedge Agreement or Cash Management Agreements, the obligations of each Guarantor under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall be limited to an aggregate amount equal to the largest amount that would not render such obligations subject to avoidance under the Debtor Relief Laws or any comparable provisions of any applicable state law.
Section 13.2 Obligations Unconditional.
The obligations of the Guarantors under Section 13.1 are joint and several, absolute and unconditional, irrespective of the value, genuineness, validity, regularity or enforceability of any of the Loan Documents, Hedge Agreement or Cash Management Agreements, or any other agreement or instrument referred to therein, or any substitution, release, impairment or exchange of any other guarantee of or security for any of the Obligations, and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, irrespective of any law or regulation or other circumstance whatsoever which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a surety or guarantor, it being the intent of this Section 13.2 that the obligations of the Guarantors hereunder shall be absolute and unconditional under any and all circumstances. Each Guarantor agrees that such Guarantor shall have no right of subrogation, indemnity, reimbursement or contribution against the Borrower or any other Guarantor for amounts paid under this Article XIII until such time as the Obligations under the Loan Documents (other than contingent
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indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) have been paid in full and the Commitments have expired or terminated. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is agreed that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the occurrence of any one or more of the following shall not alter or impair the liability of any Guarantor hereunder, which shall remain absolute and unconditional as described above:
(a) at any time or from time to time, without notice to any Guarantor, the time for any performance of or compliance with any of the Obligations shall be extended, or such performance or compliance shall be waived;
(b) any of the acts mentioned in any of the provisions of any of the Loan Documents, any Hedge Agreement between any Credit Party and any Hedge Bank, or any Cash Management Agreement between any Credit Party and any Cash Management Bank, or any other agreement or instrument referred to in the Loan Documents, such Hedge Agreement or such Cash Management Agreements shall be done or omitted;
(c) the maturity of any of the Obligations shall be accelerated, or any of the Obligations shall be modified, supplemented or amended in any respect, or any right under any of the Loan Documents, any Hedge Agreement between any Credit Party and any Hedge Bank or any Cash Management Agreement between any Credit Party and any Cash Management Bank, or any other agreement or instrument referred to in the Loan Documents, such Hedge Agreement or such Cash Management Agreements shall be waived or any other guarantee of any of the Obligations or any security therefor shall be released, impaired or exchanged in whole or in part or otherwise dealt with;
(d) any Lien granted to, or in favor of, the Administrative Agent or any Lender or Lenders as security for any of the Obligations shall fail to attach or be perfected; or
(e) any of the Obligations shall be determined to be void or voidable (including, without limitation, for the benefit of any creditor of any Guarantor) or shall be subordinated to the claims of any Person (including, without limitation, any creditor of any Guarantor).
With respect to its obligations hereunder, each Guarantor hereby expressly waives diligence, presentment, demand of payment, protest and all notices whatsoever, and any requirement that the Administrative Agent or any Lender exhaust any right, power or remedy or proceed against any Person under any of the Loan Documents, any Hedge Agreement between any Credit Party and any Hedge Bank or any Cash Management Agreement between any Credit Party and any Cash Management Bank, or any other agreement or instrument referred to in the Loan Documents, such Hedge Agreement or such Cash Management Agreements, or against any other Person under any other guarantee of, or security for, any of the Obligations.
Section 13.3 Reinstatement.
The obligations of the Guarantors under this Article XIII shall be automatically reinstated if and to the extent that for any reason any payment by or on behalf of any Person in respect of the Obligations is rescinded or must be otherwise restored by any holder of any of the Obligations, whether as a result of any proceedings in bankruptcy or reorganization or otherwise, and each Guarantor agrees that it will indemnify the Administrative Agent and each Lender on
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demand for all reasonable costs and expenses (including, without limitation, the fees, charges and disbursements of counsel) incurred by the Administrative Agent or such Lender in connection with such rescission or restoration, including any such costs and expenses incurred in defending against any claim alleging that such payment constituted a preference, fraudulent transfer or similar payment under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law.
Section 13.4 Certain Additional Waivers.
Each Guarantor agrees that such Guarantor shall have no right of recourse to security for the Obligations, except through the exercise of rights of subrogation pursuant to Section 13.2 and through the exercise of rights of contribution pursuant to Section 13.6.
Section 13.5 Remedies.
The Guarantors agree that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, as between the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, on the other hand, the Obligations may be declared to be forthwith due and payable as provided in Section 10.2 (and shall be deemed to have become automatically due and payable in the circumstances provided in said Section 10.2) for purposes of Section 13.1 notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such declaration (or preventing the Obligations from becoming automatically due and payable) as against any other Person and that, in the event of such declaration (or the Obligations being deemed to have become automatically due and payable), the Obligations (whether or not due and payable by any other Person) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for purposes of Section 13.1. The Guarantors acknowledge and agree that their obligations hereunder are secured in accordance with the terms of the Security Documents and that the Lenders may exercise their remedies thereunder in accordance with the terms thereof.
Section 13.6 Rights of Contribution.
The Guarantors agree among themselves that, in connection with payments made hereunder, each Guarantor shall have contribution rights against the other Guarantors as permitted under applicable law. Such contribution rights shall be subordinate and subject in right of payment to the obligations of such Guarantors under the Loan Documents and no Guarantor shall exercise such rights of contribution until all Obligations under the Loan Documents (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) have been paid in full and the Commitments have terminated.
Section 13.7 Guarantee of Payment; Continuing Guarantee.
The guarantee in this Article XIII is a guaranty of payment and not of collection, is a continuing guarantee, and shall apply to all Obligations whenever arising.
Section 13.8 Keepwell.
Each Qualified ECP Guarantor hereby jointly and severally, absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably undertakes to provide such funds or other support as may be needed from time to time by each other Guarantor to honor all of its obligations under the Loan Documents in respect
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of Swap Obligations (provided, however, that each Qualified ECP Guarantor shall only be liable under this Section 13.8 for the maximum amount of such liability that can be hereby incurred without rendering such Qualified ECP Guarantors obligations and undertakings under this Article XIII, or otherwise under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, voidable under Debtor Relief Laws, and not for any greater amount). The obligations of each Qualified ECP Guarantor under this Section shall remain in full force and effect until all of the Obligations (other than contingent indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations not then due or asserted) shall have been paid in full in cash and the Commitments terminated. Each Qualified ECP Guarantor intends that this Section 13.8 constitute, and this Section 13.8 shall be deemed to constitute, a keepwell, support, or other agreement for the benefit of each other Guarantor for all purposes of the Commodity Exchange Act.
[Signature pages to follow]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers, all as of the day and year first written above.
BORROWER: | WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION, | |||||
a Georgia corporation | ||||||
By: | /s/ Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Name: | Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||
GUARANTORS: | WINGSTOP HOLDINGS, INC., | |||||
a Delaware corporation | ||||||
By: | /s/ Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Name: | Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||
WINGSTOP RESTAURANTS INC., a Texas corporation | ||||||
By: | /s/ Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Name: | Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||
WINGSTOP BEVERAGES, INC., a Texas corporation | ||||||
By: | /s/ Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Name: | Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Title: | President | |||||
WINGSTOP BEVERAGES II, INC., a Texas corporation | ||||||
By: | /s/ Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Name: | Michael F. Mravle | |||||
Title: | President |
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT
AGENTS AND LENDERS: | WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL | |||||
ASSOCIATION, as Administrative Agent, Issuing Lender and Lender | ||||||
By: | /s/ Steve Leon | |||||
Name: | Steve Leon | |||||
Title: | Managing Director |
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT
REGIONS BANK | ||
By: | /s/ Jay Sim | |
Name: | Jay Sim | |
Title: | Vice President |
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. | ||
By: | /s/ Anthony Luppino | |
Name: | Anthony Luppino | |
Title: | Assistant Vice President |
GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION | ||
By: | /s/ Daniel Nunes | |
Name: | Daniel Nunes | |
Title: | Senior Vice President |
GE CAPITAL BANK | ||
By: | /s/ Daniel Nunes | |
Name: | Daniel Nunes | |
Title: | Senior Vice President |
CADENCE BANK, N.A. | ||
By: | /s/ Daniez B Holland | |
Name: | Daniez B Holland | |
Title: | Executive VP |
Exhibit 10.7
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION
2010 STOCK OPTION PLAN
§ 1.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The purpose of this Plan is to promote the interests of the Company by authorizing the Board to grant Options to Eligible Employees, Directors and Consultants in order to (1) attract and retain Eligible Employees, Directors and Consultants, and (2) provide an additional incentive to each Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant to work to increase the value of the Shares. This Plan is intended to satisfy the requirements for a plan described in Rule 701 promulgated under the 1933 Act, and the Company intends that this Plan be interpreted in accordance with that intent.
§ 2.
DEFINITIONS
2.1 Board means the Board of Directors of the Company, which may act only by a majority of the Directors.
2.2 Change Effective Date means the date which includes the closing of the transaction that makes a Change in Control effective.
2.3 Change in Control means (i) any transaction that results in more than 50% of the common stock or the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities eligible to elect directors of the Company being controlled by any person who is not (A) an existing shareholder of the Company as of the Effective Date, or (B) an affiliate of Roark; or (ii) any transaction that results in the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Companys assets. Neither (i) a transfer of shares from Roark or one of its affiliates to another Roark affiliate or (ii) an investment by Roark or one of its affiliates in the Company, will result in a Change in Control. Roark means RC II Wingstop LLC and its affiliates.
2.4 Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
2.5 Company means WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION, a Georgia corporation or any successor thereto.
2.6 Consultant means each independent contractor or advisor who performs services or provides advice to the Company or any affiliate to whom the Board decides, for reasons sufficient to the Board, to make a grant under this Plan.
2.7 Director means any member of the Board.
2.8 Eligible Employee means an employee of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to whom the Board decides, for reasons sufficient to the Board, to make a grant under this Plan.
2.9 Fair Market Value means the price for which a Share might change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or to sell
and both having reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts, as determined by the Board, acting in good faith, through any reasonable valuation method which is intended to satisfy the requirements of §409A of the Code.
2.10 Holder means an Eligible Employee, Consultant or Director who has received a grant of an Option under this Plan.
2.11 1933 Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
2.12 1934 Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
2.13 Option means an option to purchase Shares that is granted to an Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant under § 7.
2.14 Option Certificate means the certificate (whether in electronic or written form) that sets forth the terms and conditions of an Option granted under this Plan.
2.15 Option Price means the price that must be paid to purchase one Share upon the exercise of an Option granted under this Plan.
2.16 Plan means this WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION 2010 Stock Option Plan as effective as of the Effective Date and as amended from time to time thereafter.
2.17 Public Offering means the sale, in an underwritten public offering registered under the 1933 Act, of Shares, or of any other security of the Company which is substituted for Shares under § 12.
2.18 Rule 16b-3 means the exemption under Rule 16b-3 to Section 16(b) of the 1934 Act or any successor to such rule.
2.19 Shares means shares of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company.
§ 3.
STOCK
3.1 Shares Reserved. There shall be reserved for issuance under this Plan [ ] Shares (subject to § 12).
3.2 Source of Shares. The Shares described in § 3.1 shall be reserved to the extent that the Company deems appropriate from authorized but unissued Shares and from Shares that have been reacquired by the Company. All Shares described in § 3.1 shall remain available for issuance under this Plan until issued pursuant to the exercise of an Option, and any such Shares which are issued pursuant to an Option which are forfeited thereafter shall again become available for issuance under this Plan. Finally, if the Option Price under an Option is paid in whole or in part in Shares, such Shares thereafter shall become available for issuance under this Plan and shall be treated the same as any other Shares available for issuance under this Plan.
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§ 4.
EFFECTIVE DATE
The effective date of this Plan (the Effective Date) is the date of its adoption by the Board.
§ 5.
ADMINISTRATION OF PLAN
This Plan shall be administered by the Board. The Board, acting in good faith, shall exercise such powers and take such actions as may be called for under this Plan and, further, the Board shall have the power to interpret this Plan and to take such other actions in the administration and operation of this Plan as the Board deems equitable under the circumstances. Any action taken by the Board under or with respect to this Plan will be binding on the Company, on each affected Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant and on each other person directly or indirectly affected by such action. The Board, as a condition to making any grant or permitting any exercise under the Plan, has the right to require the Holder to execute an agreement that makes the Holder subject to non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disparagement, and confidentiality provisions and other restrictive covenants that run in favor of the Company (unless the Holder is already a party to an agreement with the Company that includes non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disparagement and confidentiality provisions).
§ 6.
ELIGIBILITY
All Eligible Employees, Directors and Consultants are eligible for the grant of Options under this Plan.
§ 7.
OPTIONS
7.1 Board Action. The Board, acting in its absolute discretion, has the right to grant Options to Eligible Employees, Directors and Consultants under this Plan from time to time. Each grant of an Option to an Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant will be evidenced by an Option Certificate, and each Option Certificate will set forth the number of Shares that may be purchased under the Option, the Option Price, and such additional terms and conditions of such grant (including, without limitation, vesting requirements) as may be determined by the Board.
7.2 Payment. The Option Price will be payable in full upon the exercise of any Option and, at the discretion of the Board, an Option Certificate may provide for the payment of the Option Price either in cash or by any other form of payment that the Board determines in its sole discretion.
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7.3 Option Price. If the Option Price is less than Fair Market Value on the date that the Option is granted, then the terms of the Option must comply with the requirements of §409A of the Code.
7.4 Exercise.
(a) Exercise Period. Each Option granted under this Plan will be exercisable in whole or in part at such time or times as set forth in the related Option Certificate, but no Option Certificate may make an Option exercisable on or after the tenth anniversary of the date the Option is granted.
(b) Termination of Status as Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant. The Holder of an Option must be an active employee, Consultant, or Director at the time of the exercise of an Option, unless otherwise provided in the applicable Option Certificate.
(c) Cancellation of Option upon Termination for Cause. If a Holder is terminated for cause (as defined in the applicable Option Certificate), the Holders Options (whether or not vested) will automatically be cancelled.
§ 8.
CHANGE IN CONTROL
8.1 Change in Control. If there is a Change in Control of the Company, then, as of the Change Effective Date for such Change in Control, all vested Options will be fully exercisable, and all unvested outstanding Options will be cancelled as of such Change Effective Date, unless otherwise specified in the applicable Option Certificate. Vesting will be determined in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Option Certificate.
8.2 Exercise of Vested Options. The Board may provide that any vested Options must be exercised by a date set by the Board before a Change in Control, and the Board may cancel any Option which is not exercised on or before such date.
8.3 Cash Payment. The Board may, in its discretion, require that all outstanding Options terminate as of the Change Effective Date and that each Holder of a vested Option receive a cash payment in exchange for the cancellation of the vested Option. Such cash payment will equal the amount, if any, by which (i) the Fair Market Value of each Share surrendered by the shareholders of the Company in the Change in Control transaction exceeds (ii) the Option Price for the Option, multiplied by the number of vested Shares subject to the Option.
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§ 9.
NON-TRANSFERABILITY
No Option shall be transferable by a Holder other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and any Option shall be exercisable during a Holders lifetime only by the Holder, absent the Boards consent. The person or persons to whom an Option is transferred by will or by the laws of descent and distribution (or with the Boards consent) thereafter shall be treated as the Holder.
§ 10.
SECURITIES REGISTRATION
10.1 Shares Held for Investment. As a condition to the receipt of Shares upon exercise of an Option, the Holder shall, if so requested by the Company, agree to hold such Shares for investment and not with a view of resale or distribution to the public and, if so requested by the Company, shall deliver to the Company a written statement satisfactory to the Company to that effect. Furthermore, if so requested by the Company, the Holder shall make written representations to the Company that he or she will not sell or offer for sale any of such Shares unless a registration statement shall be in effect with respect to such Shares under the 1933 Act and any applicable state securities law or he or she shall have furnished to the Company an opinion in form and substance satisfactory to the Company of legal counsel satisfactory to the Company that such registration is not required. Certificates or other evidence of ownership representing the Shares transferred upon the exercise of an Option may, at the discretion of the Company, bear a legend to the effect that such Shares have not been registered under the 1933 Act or any applicable state securities law and that such Shares cannot be sold or offered for sale in the absence of an effective registration statement as to such Shares under the 1933 Act and any applicable state securities law or an opinion in form and substance satisfactory to the Company of legal counsel satisfactory to the Company that such registration is not required.
10.2 Cooperation. All Shares delivered to any Holder upon exercise of an Option shall be delivered subject to the condition that such person (or his or her successor in interest) must cooperate to the extent necessary or appropriate or customary for a shareholder to effect a Public Offering if a majority of the Board approves a Public Offering, and if any such person (or his or her successor in interest) fails to do so, the Company shall have the right to cancel the Shares held by such person (or his or her successor in interest) in exchange for a payment to such person (or his or her successor in interest) equal to the then Fair Market Value of such Shares, or, if less, the price paid for such Shares.
§ 11.
LIFE OF PLAN
No Option shall be granted under this Plan on or after the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date of this Plan. The Plan will continue in effect until all outstanding Options have been exercised in full or are no longer are exercisable.
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§ 12.
ADJUSTMENT
If the Board determines in good faith that any adjustment to the Options granted under this Plan and/or the Option Price under such Option is appropriate to reflect any change in the Companys capital structure, then such adjustments will be made in a manner that the Board so determines.
§ 13.
AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION
The Board may amend this Plan from time to time to the extent that the Board deems necessary or appropriate; provided, however, (a) no amendment may be made absent the approval of the shareholders of the Company holding a majority in interest in the number of outstanding Shares, if such approval is required under applicable law or the rules of the exchange on which Shares are listed, and (b) no amendment may be made without the written consent of each Holder if as a result of such change the Holders rights would be adversely affected in any material respect (except to the extent that such amendment is necessary to comply with, or to avoid negative consequences under, applicable laws, rules or regulations), and (c) no amendment may be made to § 8 on or after the date of any Change in Control which might adversely affect in any material respect any rights which otherwise would vest on the related Change Effective Date. The Board also may suspend granting Options under this Plan at any time and may terminate this Plan at any time; provided, however, that the Board will not have the right unilaterally to modify or amend in any material respect or cancel any Option granted before such suspension or termination unless the Holder consents in writing to such modification, amendment or cancellation, except as provided in § 12 of this Plan.
§ 14.
MISCELLANEOUS
14.1 Shareholder Rights. No Holder will have any rights as a shareholder of the Company as a result of the grant of an Option, pending the exercise of the Option and actual delivery of the Shares subject to such Option to such Holder.
14.2 No Contract of Employment. The grant of an Option to an Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant under this Plan shall not constitute a contract of employment or a right to continue to serve on the Board and shall not confer on a Holder any rights upon his or her termination of employment or service in addition to those rights, if any, expressly set forth in this Plan or the applicable Option Certificate.
14.3 Withholding. Each Option shall be made subject to the condition that the Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant consents to whatever action the Board directs to satisfy the minimum statutory federal and state tax withholding requirements, if any, which the Company determines are applicable to the exercise of such Option. No withholding shall be effected under this Plan which exceeds the minimum statutory federal and state withholding requirements.
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14.4 Construction. All references to sections (§) are to sections (§) of this Plan unless otherwise indicated. This Plan shall be construed under the laws of the State of Georgia. Each term set forth in § 2 shall, unless otherwise stated, have the meaning set forth opposite such term for purposes of this Plan and, for purposes of such definitions, the singular shall include the plural and the plural shall include the singular. Finally, if there is any conflict between the terms of this Plan and the terms of any Option Certificate, the terms of this Plan shall control.
14.5 Other Conditions. Each Option Certificate may require that a Holder (as a condition to the exercise of an Option) enter into any agreement and make such representations required by the Company, including a general release of the Company and its affiliates.
14.6 Rule 16b-3. The Board shall have the right to amend any Option to withhold or otherwise restrict the transfer of any Shares acquired through the exercise of Options granted under this Plan to an Eligible Employee, Director or Consultant as the Board deems appropriate in order to satisfy any condition or requirement under Rule 16b-3 to the extent Rule 16 of the 1934 Act might be applicable to such grant or transfer.
[signature page follows]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused its duly authorized officer to execute this Plan to evidence its adoption of this Plan.
WING STOP HOLDING CORPORATION | ||
By: | /s/ Stephen D. Aronson | |
Date: | April 9, 2010 |
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Exhibit 10.12
EXECUTION VERSION
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This Employment Agreement (this Employment Agreement), effective as of June 25, 2012 (the Effective Date), is entered into by Wingstop Restaurants Inc., a Texas corporation (the Company), and Charles Morrison, in his individual capacity (Executive), on the terms and conditions as follows:
§ 1. | TERM OF EMPLOYMENT |
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Employment Agreement, the Company agrees to employ Executive and Executive agrees to be employed by the Company for a term of five (5) years, starting on the Effective Date and ending on the fifth anniversary of such date. The employment term described in this § 1 is referred to in this Employment Agreement as the Term.
§ 2. | POSITION AND DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES |
(a) Position. Executive shall be the Companys President and Chief Executive Officer.
(b) Duties and Responsibilities. During the Term, Executive shall serve as the Companys President and Chief Executive Officer and shall devote all of Executives business time, skill and energies to promote the interests of the Company and to serve such positions with the Company as may be reasonably assigned by the Board of Directors of the Company (the Board) consistent with the title of President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Executive will also serve in such positions with Wingstop Holdings Inc. (Parent) as may be reasonably assigned by the Board of Parent. Executive shall undertake to perform all of Executives duties and responsibilities for the Company, Parent and any current and/or future affiliates of the Company in good faith and on a full-time basis and shall at all times act in good faith in the course of Executives employment under this Employment Agreement in the best interests of the Company and its affiliates.
§ 3. | COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS |
(a) Base Salary. Executives base salary shall be $375,000 per year (the Base Salary), starting as of the Effective Date, which base salary is (i) payable in installments, in accordance with the Companys standard payroll practices and policies for senior executives, and (ii) subject to such withholding and other taxes as required by law or as otherwise permissible under such practices or policies.
(b) Employee Benefit Plans. Executive is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans, programs and policies maintained by the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of such plans, programs and policies as in effect from time to time.
(c) Annual Bonus. Beginning in 2013, Executive will be eligible for an annual bonus (not to exceed 50% of Executives base salary) (the Annual Bonus) based on achievement of performance targets established by the Board, in consultation with Executive. For calendar year 2012 only, Annual Bonus will be guaranteed and will be in the amount of $100,000.
(d) Paid Time Off. Executive shall accrue up to fifteen (15) days of paid time off on a pro rata basis during each successive one-year period in the Term. Accrued paid time off shall be taken at such time or times in each such one-year period so as not to materially and adversely interfere with the business of the Company and in no event shall more than ten days of paid time off be taken consecutively without approval by the Board. Executive shall have no right to carry over unused paid time off from any such one-year period to any other such one-year period or to receive any additional compensation in lieu of taking Executives paid time off.
(e) Business Expenses. Executive shall be reimbursed for reasonable and appropriate business expenses incurred and appropriately documented in connection with the performance of Executives duties and responsibilities under this Employment Agreement in accordance with the Companys expense reimbursement policies and procedures for its senior executives.
(f) Stock Option Grant. On or before August 31, 2012, Wing Stop Holding Corporation will grant you options to acquire a total of 750,000 shares of the common stock of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, on the terms of the Option Grant attached to this Employment Agreement as Exhibit A. The Grant Price will be determined by the Board of Wing Stop Holding Corporation as of the Grant Date, based on the Companys EBITDA, as determined by the Board of Wing Stop Holding Corporation in sole discretion, for the last twelve months and applying an EBITDA multiple of not less than nine (9) nor more than ten (10).
(g) Right to Invest. Executive will have the right, but not the obligation, to purchase shares of Wing Stop Holding Corporations common stock with an aggregate value of up to $250,000, at any time before June 30, 2013. The price per share for such investment will be determined by the Board of Wing Stop Holding Corporation, it its sole discretion. If Executive chooses to invest, Executive will execute a subscription agreement and shareholder agreement in form satisfactory to the Board of Wing Stop Holding Corporation.
§ 4. | TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND SEVERANCE |
(a) Right of Termination. The Company shall have the right to terminate Executives employment at any time, and Executive shall have the right to resign at any time, subject to the obligations and conditions contained herein.
(b) Severance. If (i) the Company terminates Executive without Cause, or (ii) Executive resigns for Good Reason, then, upon Executives Termination of Employment (as defined below), the Company shall (in lieu of any other severance benefits under any of the Company employee benefit plans, programs or policies) pay promptly all earned but unpaid Annual Bonus (such Annual Bonus being any earned but unpaid Annual Bonus from the previous calendar year) that has accrued as of the date of Executives Termination of Employment and shall continue to pay Executives Base Salary at the time of such termination for a period of thirteen (13) months. Such severance will be payable in equal weekly installments in accordance with the Companys normal payroll practices, subject to such withholding and other taxes as may be required or as otherwise permissible under the Companys
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practices or policies. The Company shall have no obligation to make any such severance payments if (i) Executive violates any of the provisions of § 5 of this Employment Agreement, (ii) the Company chooses not to renew this Employment Agreement either at the expiration of its initial term or at any point thereafter, or (iii) Executive does not execute and deliver to the Company a general release in form and substance satisfactory to the Company of any and all claims he may have against the Company, its parent, and their affiliates, including Roark Capital Management, LLC, within five (5) days following Executives Termination of Employment. Executive waives Executives rights, if any, to have the payments provided for under this § 4(b) taken into account in computing any other benefits payable to, or on behalf of, Executive by the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Employment Agreement, if a change of control of the Company occurs, neither the Company, Parent, nor any acquirer of the Company or Parent will have any obligation to make severance payments under this Section in connection with such change of control unless Executives employment is terminated without Cause or Executive resigns for Good Reason simultaneously with such change of control. Termination of Employment means the date on which Executives separation from service occurs within the meaning of § 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.
(c) Termination by the Company for Cause or by Executive other than for Good Reason.
(1) The Company shall have the right to terminate Executives employment at any time for Cause, and Executive shall have the right to resign at any time with or without Good Reason.
(2) If the Company terminates Executives employment for Cause or Executive resigns other than for Good Reason, the Companys only obligation to Executive under this Employment Agreement (except as provided under § 4(g)) shall be to pay upon Executives Termination of Employment Executives base salary under § 3(a) that he actually earned up to the date of Executives Termination of Employment plus any earned bonus from the previous years not yet paid to the extent owed.
(d) Cause. Cause shall exist if Executive (i) is convicted of, or pleads guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or, (ii) in the good faith determination of the Board, (a) engages in gross neglect or willful misconduct; (b) breaches Executives duties to the Company or Parent; (c) otherwise breaches in any material respect any provision of this Employment Agreement or any other agreement between Executive and the Company or Parent; (d) engages in any activity or behavior, including substance abuse, that is or could be harmful to the property, business, goodwill, or reputation of the Company or Parent; or (e) commits theft, larceny, embezzlement, fraud, any acts of dishonesty, illegality, moral turpitude, insubordination, or mismanagement; provided, however, that Executive may not be terminated for Cause under (ii)(c) above unless Executive fails to cure any such breach (if the Board determines that it is curable) to the good faith satisfaction of the Board within 10 days after notice of the breach; and provided further, that Executive shall only be entitled to one such opportunity to cure under this Employment Agreement.
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(e) Good Reason. Good Reason means, without the express prior written consent of Executive, (i) a reduction by the Company of Executives Base Salary provided in § 3(a) of this Employment Agreement, other than a reduction which is generally applicable to all executives of the Company, or (ii) the Companys requiring Executive to move Executives primary place of employment more than 50 miles from the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area if such move materially increases Executives commute; provided, however, that no act or omission described in clauses (i) through (iii) shall be treated as Good Reason under this Employment Agreement unless (1) Executive delivers to the Company a written statement of the basis for Executives belief that Good Reason exists, (2) Executive gives the Company thirty (30) days after the delivery of such statement to cure the basis for such belief, and (3) Executive actually resigns during the five (5) day period which begins immediately after the end of such thirty (30) day period if Good Reason continues to exist after the end of such thirty (30) day period.
(f) Termination for Disability or Death.
(1) Disability. The Company may terminate the Term if Executive is unable substantially to perform Executives duties and responsibilities hereunder to the full extent required by the Board by reason of a Permanent Disability, as defined below. Executive shall upon his Termination of Employment by reason of a Permanent Disability, be entitled to the following: (i) a prorated portion of the Annual Bonus to which Executive would otherwise be entitled for the year of termination (if any) calculated at the end of such year and paid on the same date on which bonuses are paid to other executives of the Company; (ii) any other amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid; and (iii) continued participation, in accordance with the terms of such plans, in those employee welfare benefit plans in which Executive was participating on the date of termination which, by their terms, permit a former employee to participate. In such event, the Company shall have no further liability or obligation to Executive for compensation under this Employment Agreement. Executive agrees, in the event of a dispute under this § 4(f)(1), to submit to a physical examination by a licensed physician selected by the Board. For purposes of this Employment Agreement, Permanent Disability has the same meaning as for purposes of the Companys permanent disability insurance policies which now or hereafter cover the permanent disability of Executive or, in absence of such policies, means the inability of Executive to work in a customary day-to-day capacity for six (6) consecutive months or for six (6) months within a twelve (12) month period, as determined by the Board.
(2) Death. The Term shall terminate in the event of Executives death. In such event, the Company shall pay to Executives executors, legal representatives or administrators, as applicable, a prorated portion of the Annual Bonus to which Executive would otherwise be entitled for the year in which such death occurs (if any) calculated at the end of such year and paid on the same date on which bonuses are paid to other executives of the Company. In addition, Executives estate shall be entitled to (i) any other amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid; and (ii) any other benefits to which Executive is entitled in accordance with the terms of the applicable plans and programs of the Company. The Company shall have no further liability or obligation under this Employment Agreement to Executives executors, legal representatives, administrators, heirs or assigns or any other person claiming under or through Executive.
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(h) Benefits at Termination of Employment. Executive will have, upon termination of his employment, the right to receive any benefits payable under the Companys employee benefit plans, programs and policies that Executive otherwise has a nonforfeitable right to receive under the terms of such plans, programs and policies (other than severance benefits), independent of Executives rights under this Employment Agreement.
§ 5. | COVENANTS BY EXECUTIVE |
(a) The Companys Property.
(1) Executive, upon the termination of Executives employment for any reason or, if earlier, upon the Company request, shall promptly return all Property that had been entrusted or made available to Executive by the Company.
(2) The term Property means all records, files, memoranda, reports, price lists, customer lists, drawings, plans, sketches, keys, codes, computer hardware and software and other property of any kind or description prepared, used or possessed by Executive during Executives employment by the Company (and any duplicates of any such property) together with any and all information, ideas, concepts, discoveries, and inventions and the like conceived, made, developed or acquired at any time by Executive individually or with others during Executives employment that relate to the Company business, products or services.
(b) Trade Secrets.
(1) Executive agrees that Executive will hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company and will not directly or indirectly use or disclose, other than when required to do so in good faith to perform Executives duties and responsibilities, any Trade Secret that Executive may have acquired during the term of Executives employment by the Company for so long as such information remains a Trade Secret, unless Executive is required to do so by a lawful order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any governmental authority, or agency, or any recognized subpoena; provided, however, that before making any disclosure of a Trade Secret pursuant to a such an order or subpoena, Executive will provide notice of such order or subpoena to the Company to permit the Company to challenge such order or subpoena if the Company, in its sole discretion and at its expense, desires to challenge such order or subpoena or to seek a protective order preventing further disclosure of the Trade Secret.
(2) The term Trade Secret means information, including technical or non-technical data, a formula, a pattern, a compilation, a program, a device, a method, a technique, a drawing, a process, financial data, financial plans, product plans, or a list of actual or potential customers or suppliers that (i) derives economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being generally readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use and (ii) is the subject of reasonable efforts by the Company to maintain its secrecy.
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(3) This § 5(b) and § 5(c) are intended to provide rights to the Company that are in addition to, not in lieu of, those rights the Company has under the common law or applicable statutes for the protection of trade secrets.
(c) Confidential Information.
(1) Executive while employed by the Company and during the five (5) year period after termination of such employment shall hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company and shall not directly or indirectly use or disclose, other than when required to do so in good faith to perform Executives duties and responsibilities, any Confidential Information that Executive may have acquired (whether or not developed or compiled by Executive and whether or not Executive is authorized to have access to such information) during the term of, and in the course of, or as a result of Executives employment by the Company unless Executive is required to do so by a lawful order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any governmental authority, or agency, or any recognized subpoena; provided, however, that before making any disclosure of a Confidential Information pursuant to a such an order or subpoena, Executive will provide notice of such order or subpoena to the Company to permit the Company to challenge such order or subpoena if the Company, in its sole discretion and at its expense, desires to challenge such order or subpoena or to seek a protective order preventing further disclosure of the Confidential Information.
(2) The term Confidential Information means any secret, confidential or proprietary information possessed by the Company relating to its businesses, including customer lists, details of client or consultant contracts, the terms and conditions of this Employment Agreement, current and anticipated customer requirements, pricing policies, price lists, market studies, business plans, licensing strategies, advertising campaigns, operational methods, marketing plans or strategies, product development techniques or flaws, computer software programs (including object code and source code), data and documentation, data base technologies, systems, structures and architectures, inventions and ideas, past, current and planned research and development, compilations, devices, methods, techniques, processes, financial information and data, employee compensation information, business acquisition plans and new personnel acquisition plans, which are not otherwise included in the definition of a Trade Secret under this Employment Agreement, that has not become generally available to the public by the act of one who has the right to disclose such information without violating any right of the Company.
(d) Ownership of Work Product.
(1) Executive acknowledges and agrees that Executive will be employed by the Company in a position that could provide the opportunity for conceiving and/or reducing to practice developments, discoveries, methods, processes, designs, inventions, ideas, or improvements (hereinafter collectively called Work Product). Accordingly,
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Executive agrees to promptly report and disclose to the Company in writing all Work Product conceived, made, implemented, or reduced to practice by Executive, whether alone or acting with others, during Executives employment by the Company. Executive acknowledges and agrees that all Work Product is the sole and exclusive property of the Company. Executive agrees to assign, and hereby automatically assigns, without further consideration, to the Company any and all rights, title, and interest in and to all Work Product; provided, however, that this § 5(d)(1) shall not apply to any Work Product for which no equipment, supplies, facilities, or trade secret information of the Company was used and that was developed entirely on Executives own time, unless the Work Product (i) relates directly or indirectly to the Companys business or its actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development, or (ii) results from any work performed by Executive for the Company. The Company, its successors and assigns, shall have the right to obtain and hold in its or their own name copyright registrations, trademark registrations, patents and any other protection available to the Work Product.
(2) Executive agrees to perform, upon the reasonable request of the Company, such further acts as may be reasonably necessary or desirable to transfer, perfect, and defend the Companys ownership of the Work Product, including (i) executing, acknowledging and delivering any requested affidavits and documents of assignment and conveyance, (ii) assisting in the preparation, prosecution, procurement, maintenance and enforcement of all copyrights and/or patents with respect to the Work Product in any countries, (iii) providing testimony in connection with any proceeding affecting the right, title or interest of the Company in any Work Product, and (iv) performing any other acts deemed necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Employment Agreement. The Company shall reimburse all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Executive at the Companys request in connection with the foregoing.
(e) Non-Competition; Non-Solicitation.
(1) During the Term and for eighteen (18) months thereafter, Executive will not, whether as an employee, consultant, advisor, independent contractor, or in any other capacity, provide management or executive services, similar to those that Executive provided to the Company or its affiliates at any time during the last twenty-four (24) months (or such shorter period if less than twenty-four (24) months) of Executives employment with the Company, to or on behalf of any business with respect to activities that compete or seek to compete with the Company or its affiliates in any Competing Business in the Territory regardless of where Executive is physically located. For purposes of this Employment Agreement, the term Territory means the United States, and the term Competing Business means any business that owns, operates, develops or franchises a restaurant (whether dine-in, take-out, home delivery or otherwise) or related business which (i) derives 20% or more of its gross revenues from the sale of any combination of chicken wings, boneless chicken wings, chicken strips and any other chicken product sold at a Wingstop location, and (ii) operates in any state in which the Company has a franchised location or is operating a company store (or has an executed development agreement or franchise agreement) as of the last date of Executives employment. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Territory identified in this § 5(e)(1)
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is the geographic area in or as to which he is expected to perform services or have responsibilities for the Company and its affiliates by being actively engaged as a member of the Companys management team as President and Chief Executive Officer during his employment with the Company.
(2) The foregoing restrictions shall not be construed to prohibit the ownership by Executive of less than one percent (1%) of any class of securities of any company which is a Competing Business or having a class of securities registered pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, provided that such ownership represents a passive investment and that neither Executive nor any group of persons including Executive in any way, either directly or indirectly, manages or exercises control of any such company, guarantees any of its financial obligations, consults with, advises, or otherwise takes any part in its business, other than exercising Executives rights as a shareholder, or seeks to do any of the foregoing.
(3) During the Term and for two (2) years thereafter, Executive shall not, on his own behalf or on behalf of any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation or business organization, entity or enterprise, directly or indirectly solicit or attempt to solicit, with a view to or for the purpose of competing with the Company or its affiliates in any Competing Business, any customers or franchisees of the Company or its affiliates with whom Executive had or made contact in the course of Executives employment by the Company.
(4) Executive covenants and agrees that during the Term and for two (2) years thereafter, Executive will not, directly or indirectly, (i) solicit or attempt to solicit any potential franchisee to enter into a franchise agreement with any other person, firm or entity of a type generally similar to or competitive with the franchise arrangements of the Company, or (ii) encourage any franchisee to terminate its franchise relationship with the Company.
(5) During the Term and for two (2) years thereafter, Executive shall not, on his own behalf or on behalf of any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation or business organization, entity or enterprise, directly or indirectly, hire, or solicit or attempt to solicit any officer, employee or independent contractor, consultant or advisor of the Company or its affiliates with whom Executive had contact in the course of Executives employment with the Company to terminate or reduce his or her employment or business relationship with the Company or its affiliates and shall not assist any other person or entity in such a solicitation.
(6) In return for your obligations and undertakings pursuant to this Employment Agreement, including the obligations set forth in § 5, the Company promises to provide you with certain of its trade secrets and/or confidential information, and to provide you with specialized instruction and training, to the extent such instruction, training, confidential information and/or trade secrets are necessary for you to perform your duties for the Company. You agree that these promises, in addition to your employment or continued employment with the Company, and the other promises contained herein are sufficient consideration for your entering into this Employment Agreement.
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(f) Non-Disparagement. Executive will not make any statement, written or verbal, to any person or entity, including in any forum or media, or take any action, in disparagement of the Company, the Board, or any of their respective current, former or future affiliates, or any current, former or future shareholders, partners, managers, members, officers, directors, employees, franchisors or franchisees of any of the foregoing (each, a Company Party), including negative references to or about any Company Partys services, policies, practices, documents, methods of doing business, strategies, objectives, shareholders, partners, managers, members, officers, directors, or employees, or take any other action that may disparage any Company Party to the general public and/or any Company Partys officers, directors, employees, clients, franchisees, potential franchisees, suppliers, investors, potential investors, business partners or potential business partners.
(g) Cooperation. Executive will cooperate with all reasonable requests by the Company (or any affiliate of the Company) for assistance in connection with any investigations or legal proceedings involving the Company (or any affiliate of the Company), including by providing truthful testimony in person in any such legal proceedings without having to be subpoenaed.
(h) Reasonable and Continuing Obligations. Executive agrees that Executives obligations under this § 5 are obligations that will continue beyond the date Executives employment with the Company terminates, regardless of the reason for such termination, and that such obligations are reasonable and necessary to protect the Companys legitimate business interests. In addition, the Company shall have the right to take such other action as the Company deems necessary or appropriate to compel compliance with the provisions of this § 5, including seeking injunctive relief.
(i) Remedy for Breach. Executive agrees that the remedies at law of the Company for any actual or threatened breach by Executive of the covenants in this § 5 would be inadequate and that the Company shall be entitled to specific performance of the covenants in this § 5, including entry of an ex parte, temporary restraining order in state or federal court, preliminary and permanent injunctive relief against activities in violation of this § 5, or both, or other appropriate judicial remedy, writ or order, in addition to any damages and legal expenses that the Company may be legally entitled to recover. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the covenants in this § 5 shall be construed as agreements independent of any other provision of this or any other agreement between the Company and Executive, and that the existence of any claim or cause of action by Executive against the Company, whether predicated upon this Employment Agreement or any other agreement, shall not constitute a defense to the enforcement by the Company of such covenants.
§ 6. | SECTION 409A COMPLIANCE |
(a) The Company and Executive agree that this Agreement will be administered and interpreted in good faith in a manner which is intended to minimize the risk that Executive will
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be subject to tax under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Section 409A), with respect to any payments to be made or benefits to be provided to Executive by the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and the Company and Executive agree to cooperate fully and in good faith with one another to seek to minimize such risk.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, no payments shall be made and no benefits shall be provided under this Agreement as a result of Executives termination of employment unless Executive has a separation from service within the meaning of Section 409A in connection with such termination of employment, and Executive and the Company acknowledge and agree that a separation from service may come before, after or coincide with any such termination of employment and that the payments otherwise to be made at a termination of employment and that the benefits otherwise to be provided at a termination of employment shall only be made or provided at the time of the related separation from service. Furthermore, Executive and the Company acknowledge and agree that all or any part of any payment to be made or benefit to be provided to Executive during the 6 month and 1 day period which starts on the date Executive has a separation from service (other than by reason of Executives death) shall be delayed and then paid (in a lump sum without interest) or provided (without interest) on the first business day which comes 6 months and 1 day after the date of Executives separation from service if the Company acting in good faith determines that (1) Executive is a specified employee within in the meaning of Section 409A and (2) making such payment or providing such benefit during such 6 month and 1 day period would put Executive at risk for any taxes or penalties under Section 409A.
(c) With respect to items eligible for reimbursement under the terms of this Agreement, (i) the amount of such expenses eligible for reimbursement in any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement in another taxable year, (ii) no such reimbursement may be exchanged or liquidated for another payment or benefit, and (iii) any reimbursements of such expenses shall be made as soon as practicable under the circumstances but in any event no later than the end of the calendar year following the calendar in which the related expenses were incurred.
(d) The Company and Executive intend that each installment of payments and benefits provided under this Agreement shall be treated as a separate identified payment for purposes of Section 409A and that neither the Company nor Executive shall have the right to accelerate or defer the delivery of any such payments or benefits if a determination is made in good faith that any such acceleration or deferral would present a risk that Executive would be subject to any tax under Section 409A.
(e) Executive acknowledges and agrees that nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as a covenant by the Company that no payment will be made or benefit will be provided under this Agreement which will be subject to taxation under Section 409A or as a guarantee or indemnity by the Company for the tax consequences to the payments and benefits called for under this Agreement including any tax consequences under Section 409A. Finally, Executive agrees that Executive shall be the only person responsible for paying all taxes due with respect to such payments and benefits.
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§7 | MISCELLANEOUS |
(a) Notices. All Notices and all other communications which are required to be given under this Employment Agreement must be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when (i) personally delivered, (ii) mailed by United States registered or certified mail postage prepaid, (iii) sent via a nationally recognized overnight courier service, (iv) sent via facsimile to the recipient, or (v) sent via e-mail to the recipient, in each case as follows:
If to the Company: | Stephen Aronson | |
Wingstop Restaurants Inc. | ||
c/o Roark Capital Management | ||
1180 Peachtree Street | ||
Suite 2500 | ||
Atlanta, GA 30309 | ||
Telecopy No.: (404) 591-5201 | ||
saronson@roarkcapital.com | ||
With A Copy To: | King & Spalding LLP | |
1180 Peachtree Street | ||
Atlanta, GA 30309 | ||
Attention: William G. Roche | ||
Telecopy No.: (404) 572-5133 | ||
broche@kslaw.com | ||
If to Executive: | Charles Morrison | |
217 Chandler Rd. | ||
Keller, Texas 76248 |
or such other address or addresses as either party hereto shall have designated by notice in writing to the other party hereto.
(b) No Waiver. Except for any notice required to be given under this Employment Agreement, no failure by either the Company or Executive at any time to give notice of any breach by the other of, or to require compliance with, any condition or provision of this Employment Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any provisions or conditions of this Employment Agreement.
(c) Applicable Law. This Employment Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas (except to the extent that its choice of law provisions would call for the application of the law of another jurisdiction).
(d) Other Agreements. This Employment Agreement replaces and merges any and all previous agreements and understandings regarding all the terms and conditions of Executives employment relationship with the Company and this Employment Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the Company and Executive with respect to such terms and conditions. Executive acknowledges that Executive is not obligated under any contract or other agreement
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that would conflict with Executives obligations under this Employment Agreement and Executives ability to perform Executives duties and responsibilities under this Employment Agreement upon commencement of and during the Term.
(e) Amendment. No amendment to this Employment Agreement shall be effective unless it is both: (i) agreed to and signed by Executive and the Company, and (ii) reviewed and approved by the Board.
(f) Invalidity. If any part of this Employment Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or otherwise unenforceable, the remaining part shall be unaffected and shall continue in full force and effect, and the invalid or otherwise unenforceable part shall be deemed not to be part of this Employment Agreement. If any court construes any provision or portion of this Employment Agreement to be unenforceable because of the scope or duration of such provision, it is the intention of the parties that the court reduce or reform the scope or duration to its greatest enforceable level.
(g) Arbitration. The Company and Executive shall have the right to obtain from a court an injunction or other equitable relief arising out of the Executives breach of the provisions of § 5 of this Employment Agreement. However, any other controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Employment Agreement, any alleged breach of this Employment Agreement, or Executives employment by the Company or the termination of such employment, including any claim as to arbitrability or any claims for any alleged discrimination, harassment, or retaliation in violation of any federal, state or local law, shall be settled by binding arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association then applicable to employment-related disputes and any judgment upon any award, which may include an award of damages, may be entered in the state or federal court having jurisdiction over such award.
(h) Costs of Enforcement. In the event of a dispute or action to enforce the terms of this Employment Agreement, all reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith, including all reasonable attorneys fees, shall be paid as determined by the arbitrator.
(i) Assignment. This Employment Agreement may not be assigned by Executive. This Employment Agreement may be assigned by the Company, without Executives consent, to (1) any affiliate of the Company, or (2) any other successor in interest to the Companys business and assets (whether by merger, sale of assets, contribution of assets or otherwise). This Employment Agreement shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the Company and its successors and assigns.
(j) Interpretation. As used in this Agreement, the word including means including, without limitation in each instance.
* * * * *
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and Executive have executed this Employment Agreement in multiple originals to be effective on the Effective Date.
WINGSTOP RESTAURANTS INC. | EXECUTIVE | |||||||
By: | /s/ Steve Romaniello |
/s/ Charles Morrison | ||||||
Name: | Steve Romaniello | Charles Morrison | ||||||
Title: | Director | |||||||
This 8th day of June, 2012 | This 4th day of June, 2012 |
[Signature Page to Employment Agreement]
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Exhibit 10.13
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This Employment Agreement (this Employment Agreement), effective as of September 22, 2014 (the Effective Date), is entered into by Wingstop Restaurants Inc., a Texas corporation (the Company), and Michael F. Mravle, in his individual capacity (Executive), on the terms and conditions as follows:
§ 1. | TERM OF EMPLOYMENT |
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Employment Agreement, the Company agrees to employ Executive and Executive agrees to be employed by the Company for a term of five (5) years, starting on the Effective Date and ending on the 5th anniversary of such date. The employment term described in this § 1 is referred to in this Employment Agreement as the Term.
§ 2. | POSITION AND DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES |
(a) Position. Executive shall be the Companys Chief Financial Officer.
(b) Duties and Responsibilities. During the Term, Executive shall serve as the Companys Chief Financial Officer and shall devote all of Executives business time, skill and energies to promote the interests of the Company and to serve such positions with the Company as may be reasonably assigned by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company consistent with the title of Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Executive will also serve in such positions with Wingstop Holdings, Inc. (Parent) as may be reasonably assigned by the Board of Parent. Executive shall undertake to perform all of Executives duties and responsibilities for the Company, Parent and any current and/or future affiliates of the Company in good faith and on a full-time basis and shall at all times act in good faith in the course of Executives employment under this Employment Agreement in the best interests of the Company and its affiliates.
§ 3. | COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS |
(a) Base Salary. Executives base salary shall be $315,000 per year (the Base Salary), starting as of the Effective Date, which Base Salary is (i) payable in installments, in accordance with the Companys standard payroll practices and policies for senior executives, and (ii) subject to such withholding and other taxes as required by law or as otherwise permissible under such practices or policies.
(b) Employee Benefit Plans. Executive is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans, programs and policies maintained by the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of such plans, programs and policies as in effect from time to time.
(c) Bonus. Beginning in 2015, Executive will be eligible for an annual bonus (not to exceed 40% of Executives Base Salary) (the Annual Bonus) based on a combination (as determined by the Board in its discretion) of the Companys achievement for each year of (i) the Companys Free Cash Flow Budget and (ii) the Companys growth targets. Free Cash Flow means the Companys earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and capital expenditures. The Free Cash Flow Budget and growth targets for each fiscal year will be submitted by the Companys management to the Board of Directors of the Company (the
Board) and will be approved by the Board after discussion with management, subject to any changes determined by the Board. The Companys performance against the annual Free Cash Flow Budget and growth targets, for purposes of determination of the Annual Bonus, will be based upon the Companys audited financial statements. Payment of the Annual Bonus will be subject to the terms of the Companys annual executive bonus plan. For fiscal year 2014 only, the annual bonus will be guaranteed and in the amount of $140,000. The bonus will be paid (subject to applicable withholdings) on the first payroll date following the start of Executives employment. If Executive is no longer employed by the Company prior to the first anniversary of the Effective Date, for any reason, Executive will repay to the Company a portion of the 2014 bonus equal to $100,000, within five (5) business days following written request from the Company.
The annual Free Cash Flow performance will be adjusted to take into consideration earnings that result from extraordinary capital expenditures/investments (i.e., those that are in excess of budgeted capital expenditures taken into account in the Free Cash Flow Budget).
(d) Paid Time Off. Executive shall accrue up to 20 days of paid time off on a pro rata basis during each successive one-year period in the Term. Accrued paid time off shall be taken at such time or times in each such one-year period so as not to materially and adversely interfere with the business of the Company and in no event shall more than ten days of paid time off be taken consecutively without approval by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board. Executive shall have no right to carry over unused paid time off from any such one-year period to any other such one-year period or to receive any additional compensation in lieu of taking Executives paid time off.
(e) Business Expenses. Executive shall be reimbursed for reasonable and appropriate business expenses incurred and appropriately documented in connection with the performance of Executives duties and responsibilities under this Employment Agreement in accordance with the Companys expense reimbursement policies and procedures for its senior executives.
(f) Moving Expenses. The Company will pay Executive a fixed amount equal to $90,000 to cover any and all moving and transition expenses incurred by Executive in connection with his relocation to Dallas (the Reimbursement Amount). Payment of the Reimbursement Amount will be contingent upon Executive providing the Chief Executive Officer written confirmation that Executive has permanently relocated Executives primary residence to Dallas, Texas. Executive has agreed that such relocation will occur on or before January 1, 2015. Payment of the Reimbursement Amount will made, subject to applicable withholdings, on the next payroll date following the Chief Executive Officers receipt of such written confirmation. Executive will not otherwise be entitled to be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in connection with his relocation, including moving costs for all personal belongings, costs associated with visiting Dallas for the purpose of finding a new residence, temporary housing in Dallas (as needed), brokerage commissions on the sale of his existing home in Tampa, or any other fees or expenses. If Executive is no longer employed by the Company prior to the first anniversary of the Effective Date, for any reason, Executive will repay the full Reimbursement Amount to the Company within five (5) business days following written request from the Company.
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§ 4. | TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND SEVERANCE |
(a) Right of Termination. The Company shall have the right to terminate Executives employment at any time, and Executive shall have the right to resign at any time, subject to the obligations and conditions contained herein.
(b) Payments Upon Termination. Upon termination of Executives employment with the Company for any reason, the Company shall pay to Executive on his last day of employment with the Company all Base Salary earned by Executive through his last day of employment, and any earned and payable (but as of yet unpaid) Annual Bonus for the previous year.
(c) Severance.
(1) If the Company terminates Executive without Cause, then, upon Executives Termination of Employment (as defined below), the Company shall (in lieu of any other severance benefits under any of the Company employee benefit plans, programs or policies) continue to pay Executives Base Salary at the time of such termination for a period of twelve (12) months. Such severance will be payable in equal bi-monthly installments in accordance with the Companys normal payroll practices, subject to such withholding and other taxes as may be required or as otherwise permissible under the Companys practices or policies.
(2) The Company shall have no obligation to make any such severance payments if (i) Executive violates any of the provisions of § 5 of this Employment Agreement, (ii) the Company chooses not to renew this Employment Agreement either at the expiration of its initial term or at any point thereafter, or (iii) Executive does not execute and deliver (without revoking) to the Company a general release in form and substance satisfactory to the Company of any and all claims he may have against the Company, its parent, and their affiliates, including Roark Capital Management, LLC (the Release), within five (5) days following Executives Termination of Employment.
(3) Executive waives Executives rights, if any, to have the payments provided for under this § 4(c) taken into account in computing any other benefits payable to, or on behalf of, Executive by the Company.
(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Employment Agreement, if a change of control of the Company occurs, neither the Company, Parent, nor any acquirer of the Company or Parent will have any obligation to make severance payments under this Section as a result of such change of control unless Executives employment is terminated without Cause simultaneously with such change of control.
(5) Termination of Employment means the date on which Executives separation from service occurs within the meaning of § 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.
(6) The severance payments described in § 4(c)(1) shall commence within the sixty (60) day period following the Executives Termination of Employment provided the
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Executive executes the Release and the Release becomes effective and irrevocable within such sixty (60) day period and provided, further, that if such sixty (60) day period begins in one calendar year and ends in a second calendar year, such payments shall be made or shall commence in the second calendar year.
(d) Termination by the Company for Cause or by Executive.
(1) The Company shall have the right to terminate Executives employment at any time for Cause, and Executive shall have the right to resign at any time.
(2) If the Company terminates Executives employment for Cause or Executive resigns, the Companys only obligation to Executive under this Employment Agreement (except as provided under § 4(g)) shall be to pay upon Executives Termination of Employment Executives Base Salary under § 3(a) that he actually earned up to the date of Executives Termination of Employment.
(e) Cause. Cause shall exist if Executive (i) is indicted for, or pleads guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or, (ii) in the good faith determination of the Board, (a) engages in gross neglect or willful misconduct; (b) breaches Executives duties to the Company or Parent; (c) otherwise breaches in any material respect any provision of this Employment Agreement or any other agreement between Executive and the Company or Parent; (d) engages in any activity or behavior, including substance abuse, that is or could be harmful to the property, business, goodwill, or reputation of the Company or Parent; or (e) commits theft, larceny, embezzlement, fraud, any acts of dishonesty, illegality, moral turpitude, insubordination, or mismanagement; provided, however, that Executive may not be terminated for Cause under (ii)(c) above unless Executive fails to cure any such breach (if the Board determines that it is curable) to the good faith satisfaction of the Board within 10 days after notice of the breach; and provided further, that Executive shall only be entitled to one such opportunity to cure under this Employment Agreement.
(f) Termination for Disability or Death.
(1) Disability. The Company may terminate the Term if Executive is unable substantially to perform Executives duties and responsibilities hereunder to the full extent required by the Board by reason of a Permanent Disability, as defined below. Executive shall upon his Termination of Employment by reason of a Permanent Disability, be entitled to the following: (i) any amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid, which amounts shall be paid within thirty (30) days following such Termination of Employment; and (ii) continued participation, in accordance with the terms of such plans, in those employee welfare benefit plans in which Executive was participating on the date of termination which, by their terms, permit a former employee to participate. In such event, the Company shall have no further liability or obligation to Executive for compensation under this Employment Agreement. Executive agrees, in the event of a dispute under this § 4(f)(1), to submit to a physical examination by a licensed physician selected by the Board. For purposes of this Employment Agreement, Permanent Disability has the same meaning as for purposes of the Companys permanent disability insurance policies which now or hereafter cover the permanent disability of Executive or,
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in absence of such policies, means the inability of Executive to work in a customary day-to-day capacity for six (6) consecutive months or for six (6) months within a twelve (12) month period, as determined by the Board.
(2) Death. The Term shall terminate in the event of Executives death. In such event, Executives estate shall be entitled upon Executives death to (i) any amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid, which amounts shall be paid within thirty (30) days following such Termination of Employment; and (ii) any other benefits to which Executive is entitled in accordance with the terms of the applicable plans and programs of the Company. The Company shall have no further liability or obligation under this Employment Agreement to Executives executors, legal representatives, administrators, heirs or assigns or any other person claiming under or through Executive.
(g) Benefits at Termination of Employment. Executive will have, upon termination of his employment, the right to receive any benefits payable under the Companys employee benefit plans, programs and policies that Executive otherwise has a nonforfeitable right to receive under the terms of such plans, programs and policies (other than severance benefits), independent of Executives rights under this Employment Agreement.
§ 5. | COVENANTS BY EXECUTIVE |
(a) The Companys Property.
(1) Executive, upon the termination of Executives employment for any reason or, if earlier, upon the Company request, shall promptly return all Property that had been entrusted or made available to Executive by the Company.
(2) The term Property means all records, files, memoranda, reports, price lists, customer lists, drawings, plans, sketches, keys, codes, computer hardware and software and other property of any kind or description prepared, used or possessed by Executive during Executives employment by the Company (and any duplicates of any such property) together with any and all information, ideas, concepts, discoveries, and inventions and the like conceived, made, developed or acquired at any time by Executive individually or with others during Executives employment that relate to the Company business, products or services.
(b) Trade Secrets.
(1) Executive agrees that Executive will hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company and will not directly or indirectly use or disclose, other than when required to do so in good faith to perform Executives duties and responsibilities, any Trade Secret that Executive may have acquired during the term of Executives employment by the Company for so long as such information remains a Trade Secret, unless Executive is required to do so by a lawful order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any governmental authority, or agency, or any recognized subpoena; provided, however, that before making any disclosure of a Trade Secret pursuant to a
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such an order or subpoena, Executive will provide notice of such order or subpoena to the Company to permit the Company to challenge such order or subpoena if the Company, in its sole discretion and at its expense, desires to challenge such order or subpoena or to seek a protective order preventing further disclosure of the Trade Secret.
(2) The term Trade Secret means information, without regard to form, including technical or non-technical data, a formula, a pattern, a compilation, a program, a device, a method, a technique, a drawing, a process, financial data, financial plans, product plans, or a list of actual or potential customers or suppliers that (i) derives economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being generally readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use and (ii) is the subject of reasonable efforts by the Company to maintain its secrecy.
(3) This § 5(b) and § 5(c) are intended to provide rights to the Company that are in addition to, not in lieu of, those rights the Company has under the common law or applicable statutes for the protection of trade secrets and Confidential Information.
(c) Confidential Information.
(1) Executive while employed by the Company and during the five (5) year period after termination of such employment shall hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company and shall not directly or indirectly use or disclose, other than when required to do so in good faith to perform Executives duties and responsibilities, any Confidential Information that Executive may have acquired (whether or not developed or compiled by Executive and whether or not Executive is authorized to have access to such information) during the term of, and in the course of, or as a result of Executives employment by the Company unless Executive is required to do so by a lawful order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any governmental authority, or agency, or any recognized subpoena; provided, however, that before making any disclosure of a Confidential Information pursuant to a such an order or subpoena, Executive will provide notice of such order or subpoena to the Company to permit the Company to challenge such order or subpoena if the Company, in its sole discretion and at its expense, desires to challenge such order or subpoena or to seek a protective order preventing further disclosure of the Confidential Information.
(2) The term Confidential Information means any secret, confidential or proprietary information possessed by the Company relating to its businesses, including customer lists, details of client or consultant contracts, the terms and conditions of this Employment Agreement, current and anticipated customer requirements, pricing policies, price lists, market studies, business plans, licensing strategies, advertising campaigns, operational methods, marketing plans or strategies, product development techniques or flaws, computer software programs (including object code and source code), data and documentation, data base technologies, systems, structures and architectures, inventions
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and ideas, past, current and planned research and development, compilations, devices, methods, techniques, processes, financial information and data, employee compensation information, business acquisition plans and new personnel acquisition plans, which are not otherwise included in the definition of a Trade Secret under this Employment Agreement, that has not become generally available to the public by the act of one who has the right to disclose such information without violating any right of the Company.
(d) Ownership of Work Product.
(1) Executive acknowledges and agrees that Executive will be employed by the Company in a position that could provide the opportunity for conceiving and/or reducing to practice developments, discoveries, methods, processes, designs, inventions, ideas, or improvements (hereinafter collectively called Work Product). Accordingly, Executive agrees to promptly report and disclose to the Company in writing all Work Product conceived, made, implemented, or reduced to practice by Executive, whether alone or acting with others, during Executives employment by the Company. Executive acknowledges and agrees that all Work Product is the sole and exclusive property of the Company. Executive agrees to assign, and hereby automatically assigns, without further consideration, to the Company any and all rights, title, and interest in and to all Work Product; provided, however, that this § 5(d)(1) shall not apply to any Work Product for which no equipment, supplies, facilities, or trade secret information of the Company was used and that was developed entirely on Executives own time, unless the Work Product (i) relates directly or indirectly to the Companys business or its actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development, or (ii) results from any work performed by Executive for the Company. The Company, its successors and assigns, shall have the right to obtain and hold in its or their own name copyright registrations, trademark registrations, patents and any other protection available to the Work Product.
(2) Executive agrees to perform, upon the reasonable request of the Company, such further acts as may be reasonably necessary or desirable to transfer, perfect, and defend the Companys ownership of the Work Product, including (i) executing, acknowledging and delivering any requested affidavits and documents of assignment and conveyance, (ii) assisting in the preparation, prosecution, procurement, maintenance and enforcement of all copyrights and/or patents with respect to the Work Product in any countries, (iii) providing testimony in connection with any proceeding affecting the right, title or interest of the Company in any Work Product, and (iv) performing any other acts deemed necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Employment Agreement. The Company shall reimburse all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Executive at the Companys request in connection with the foregoing.
(e) Non-Competition; Non-Solicitation.
(1) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive will not, whether as an employee, consultant, advisor, independent contractor, or in any other capacity, provide management or executive services, similar to those that Executive provided to the
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Company or its affiliates at any time during the last twenty-four (24) months (or such shorter period if less than twenty-four (24) months) of Executives employment with the Company, to or on behalf of any Competing Business in the Territory regardless of where Executive is physically located. For purposes of this Employment Agreement, the term Territory means the United States, and the term Competing Business means any business that (i) owns, operates, develops or franchises a restaurant (whether dine-in, take-out, home delivery or otherwise) or related business which derives 20% or more of its gross revenues from the sale of any combination of chicken wings, boneless chicken wings, chicken strips and any other chicken product sold at a Wingstop location, and (ii) operates in any state in which the Company has a franchised location or is operating a company store (or has an executed development agreement or franchise agreement) as of the last date of Executives employment. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Territory identified in this § 5(e)(1) is the geographic area in or as to which he is expected to perform services or have responsibilities for the Company and its affiliates by being actively engaged as a member of the Companys management team as Chief Financial Officer during his employment with the Company.
(2) The foregoing restrictions shall not be construed to prohibit the ownership by Executive of less than one percent (1%) of any class of securities of any company which is a Competing Business or having a class of securities registered pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, provided that such ownership represents a passive investment and that neither Executive nor any group of persons including Executive in any way, either directly or indirectly, manages or exercises control of any such company, guarantees any of its financial obligations, consults with, advises, or otherwise takes any part in its business, other than exercising Executives rights as a shareholder, or seeks to do any of the foregoing.
(3) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive shall not, on his own behalf or on behalf of any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation or business organization, entity or enterprise, directly or indirectly solicit or attempt to solicit, with a view to or for the purpose of competing with the Company or its affiliates in any Competing Business, any customers or franchisees of the Company or its affiliates with whom Executive had or made contact in the course of Executives employment by the Company.
(4) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive will not, directly or indirectly, (i) solicit or attempt to solicit any potential franchisee to enter into a franchise agreement with any other person, firm or entity of a type generally similar to or competitive with the franchise arrangements of the Company, or (ii) encourage any franchisee to terminate its franchise relationship with the Company.
(5) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive shall not, on his own behalf or on behalf of any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation or business
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organization, entity or enterprise, directly or indirectly, hire, or solicit or attempt to solicit any officer, employee or independent contractor, consultant or advisor of the Company or its affiliates with whom Executive had contact in the course of Executives employment with the Company to terminate or reduce his or her employment or business relationship with the Company or its affiliates and shall not assist any other person or entity in such a solicitation.
(6) In return for your obligations and undertakings pursuant to this Employment Agreement, including the obligations set forth in § 5, the Company promises to provide you with certain of its trade secrets and/or confidential information, and to provide you with specialized instruction and training, to the extent such instruction, training, confidential information and/or trade secrets are necessary for you to perform your duties for the Company. You agree that these promises, in addition to your employment or continued employment with the Company, and the other promises contained herein are sufficient consideration for your entering into this Employment Agreement.
(f) Non-Disparagement. Executive will not make any statement, written or verbal, to any person or entity, including in any forum or media, or take any action, in disparagement of the Company, the Board, or any of their respective current, former or future affiliates, or any current, former or future shareholders, partners, managers, members, officers, directors, employees, franchisors or franchisees of any of the foregoing (each, a Company Party), including negative references to or about any Company Partys services, policies, practices, documents, methods of doing business, strategies, objectives, shareholders, partners, managers, members, officers, directors, or employees, or take any other action that may disparage any Company Party to the general public and/or any Company Partys officers, directors, employees, clients, franchisees, potential franchisees, suppliers, investors, potential investors, business partners or potential business partners.
(g) Cooperation. Executive will cooperate with all reasonable requests by the Company (or any affiliate of the Company) for assistance in connection with any matters involving the Company (or any affiliate of the Company), including by providing truthful testimony in person in any legal proceedings without having to be subpoenaed.
(h) Reasonable and Continuing Obligations. Executive agrees that Executives obligations under this § 5 are obligations that will continue beyond the date Executives employment with the Company terminates, regardless of the reason for such termination, and that such obligations are reasonable and necessary to protect the Companys legitimate business interests. In addition, the Company shall have the right to take such other action as the Company deems necessary or appropriate to compel compliance with the provisions of this § 5, including seeking injunctive relief.
(i) Remedy for Breach. Executive agrees that the remedies at law of the Company for any actual or threatened breach by Executive of the covenants in this § 5 would be inadequate and that the Company shall be entitled to specific performance of the covenants in this § 5, including entry of an ex parte, temporary restraining order in state or federal court, preliminary
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and permanent injunctive relief against activities in violation of this § 5, or both, or other appropriate judicial remedy, writ or order, in addition to any damages and legal expenses that the Company may be legally entitled to recover. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the covenants in this § 5 shall be construed as agreements independent of any other provision of this or any other agreement between the Company and Executive, and that the existence of any claim or cause of action by Executive against the Company, whether predicated upon this Employment Agreement or any other agreement, shall not constitute a defense to the enforcement by the Company of such covenants.
§ 6. | SECTION 409A COMPLIANCE |
(a) The Company and Executive agree that this Employment Agreement will be administered and interpreted in good faith in a manner which is intended to minimize the risk that Executive will be subject to tax under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Section 409A), with respect to any payments to be made or benefits to be provided to Executive by the Company pursuant to the terms of this Employment Agreement, and the Company and Executive agree to cooperate fully and in good faith with one another to seek to minimize such risk.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Employment Agreement, no payments shall be made and no benefits shall be provided under this Employment Agreement as a result of Executives termination of employment unless Executive has a separation from service within the meaning of Section 409A in connection with such termination of employment, and Executive and the Company acknowledge and agree that a separation from service may come before, after or coincide with any such termination of employment and that the payments otherwise to be made at a termination of employment and that the benefits otherwise to be provided at a termination of employment shall only be made or provided at the time of the related separation from service. Furthermore, Executive and the Company acknowledge and agree that all or any part of any payment to be made or benefit to be provided to Executive during the 6 month and 1 day period which starts on the date Executive has a separation from service (other than by reason of Executives death) shall be delayed and then paid (in a lump sum without interest) or provided (without interest) on the first business day which comes 6 months and 1 day after the date of Executives separation from service if the Company acting in good faith determines that (1) Executive is a specified employee within in the meaning of Section 409A and (2) making such payment or providing such benefit during such 6 month and 1 day period would put Executive at risk for any taxes or penalties under Section 409A.
(c) With respect to items eligible for reimbursement under the terms of this Employment Agreement, (i) the amount of such expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in kind benefits provided, in any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement or in kind benefits to be provided, in another taxable year, (ii) no such reimbursement or in kind benefit may be exchanged or liquidated for another payment or benefit, and (iii) any reimbursements of expenses shall be made as soon as practicable under the circumstances but in any event no later than the end of the calendar year following the calendar in which the related expenses were incurred.
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(d) The Company and Executive intend that each installment of payments and benefits provided under this Employment Agreement shall be treated as a separate identified payment for purposes of Section 409A and that neither the Company nor Executive shall have the right to accelerate or defer the delivery of any such payments or benefits if a determination is made in good faith that any such acceleration or deferral would present a risk that Executive would be subject to any tax under Section 409A.
(e) Executive acknowledges and agrees that nothing in this Employment Agreement shall be construed as a covenant by the Company that no payment will be made or benefit will be provided under this Employment Agreement which will be subject to taxation under Section 409A or as a guarantee or indemnity by the Company for the tax consequences to the payments and benefits called for under this Employment Agreement including any tax consequences under Section 409A. Finally, Executive agrees that Executive shall be the only person responsible for paying all taxes due with respect to such payments and benefits.
§7 | MISCELLANEOUS |
(a) Notices. All Notices and all other communications which are required to be given under this Employment Agreement must be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when (i) personally delivered, (ii) mailed by United States registered or certified mail postage prepaid, (iii) sent via a nationally recognized overnight courier service, (iv) sent via facsimile to the recipient, or (v) sent via e-mail to the recipient, in each case as follows:
If to the Company: | Stephen Aronson | |
Wingstop Restaurants Inc. | ||
c/o Roark Capital Management | ||
1180 Peachtree Street | ||
Suite 2500 | ||
Atlanta, GA 30309 | ||
Telecopy No.: (404) 591-5201 | ||
saronson@roarkcapital.com |
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With A Copy To: | King & Spalding LLP | |
1180 Peachtree Street | ||
Atlanta, GA 30309 | ||
Attention: William G. Roche | ||
Telecopy No.: (404) 572-5133 | ||
broche@kslaw.com | ||
If to Executive: | Michael F. Mravle | |
11509 Perfect Place | ||
Tampa, FL. 33626 |
or such other address or addresses as either party hereto shall have designated by notice in writing to the other party hereto.
(b) No Waiver. Except for any notice required to be given under this Employment Agreement, no failure by either the Company or Executive at any time to give notice of any breach by the other of, or to require compliance with, any condition or provision of this Employment Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any provisions or conditions of this Employment Agreement.
(c) Applicable Law. This Employment Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas (except to the extent that its choice of law provisions would call for the application of the law of another jurisdiction).
(d) Other Agreements. This Employment Agreement replaces and merges any and all previous agreements and understandings regarding all the terms and conditions of Executives employment relationship with the Company and this Employment Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the Company and Executive with respect to such terms and conditions. Executive acknowledges that Executive is not obligated under any contract or other agreement that would conflict with Executives obligations under this Employment Agreement and Executives ability to perform Executives duties and responsibilities under this Employment Agreement upon commencement of and during the Term.
(e) Amendment. No amendment to this Employment Agreement shall be effective unless it is both: (i) agreed to and signed by Executive and the Company, and (ii) reviewed and approved by the Board.
(f) Invalidity. If any part of this Employment Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or otherwise unenforceable, the remaining part shall be unaffected and shall continue in full force and effect, and the invalid or otherwise unenforceable part shall be deemed not to be part of this Employment Agreement. If any court construes any provision or portion of this Employment Agreement to be unenforceable because of the scope or duration of such provision, it is the intention of the parties that the court reduce or reform the scope or duration to its greatest enforceable level.
(g) Arbitration. The Company and Executive shall have the right to obtain from a court an injunction or other equitable relief arising out of the Executives breach of the provisions of § 5 of this Employment Agreement. However, any other controversy or claim
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arising out of or relating to this Employment Agreement, any alleged breach of this Employment Agreement, or Executives employment by the Company or the termination of such employment, including any claim as to arbitrability or any claims for any alleged discrimination, harassment, or retaliation in violation of any federal, state or local law, shall be settled by binding arbitration in Atlanta, Georgia in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association then applicable to employment-related disputes and any judgment upon any award, which may include an award of damages, may be entered in the state or federal court having jurisdiction over such award.
(h) Costs of Enforcement. Except as prohibited by applicable law, the prevailing party in any action brought under this Employment Agreement, including any action to enforce the provisions of § 5, any arbitration under § 7(g), or any action to enforce any arbitration award under § 7(g), shall be awarded and the non-prevailing party shall pay the prevailing partys attorneys fees and related expenses, and the non-prevailing party shall pay all arbitration filing and administration fees as well as all fees and expenses of the arbitrator. If a party files a claim and subsequently withdraws it, that party will be considered the non-prevailing party for purposes of this § 7(h).
(i) No Challenge. Notwithstanding any provision of this Employment Agreement to the contrary, Executive covenants and agrees that Executive will not (i) file any claim, lawsuit, demand for arbitration, or other proceeding challenging the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Employment Agreement, or (ii) raise, as a defense, the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Employment Agreement, in any claim, lawsuit, arbitration or other proceeding. Should Executive violate any aspect of this § 7(i), Executive agrees (A) that, in the case of a breach of clause (i) of the preceding sentence, such claim, lawsuit, demand for arbitration, or other proceeding shall be summarily withdrawn and/or dismissed; (B) that Executive will pay all costs and damages incurred by the Company and its Affiliates in responding to or as a result of such claim, lawsuit, demand for arbitration, or other proceeding (including reasonable attorneys fees), or such defense, as the case may be; (C) that Executive will immediately forfeit any right to receive any severance payments under § 4(c) of this Employment Agreement; and (d) that Executive will immediately repay any such payments or distributions that were received by Executive under §4(c) after the Termination Date.
(i) Assignment. This Employment Agreement may not be assigned by Executive. This Employment Agreement may be assigned by the Company, without Executives consent, to (1) any affiliate of the Company, or (2) any other successor in interest to the Companys business and assets (whether by merger, sale of assets, contribution of assets or otherwise). This Employment Agreement shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the Company and its successors and assigns.
(j) Interpretation. As used in this Agreement, the word including means including, without limitation in each instance.
* * * * *
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and Executive have executed this Employment Agreement in multiple originals to be effective on the Effective Date.
WINGSTOP RESTAURANTS INC. | EXECUTIVE | |||||||||
By: | /s/ Charles R. Morrison |
/s/ Michael F. Mravle | ||||||||
Name: | Charles R. Morrison | Michael F. Mravle | ||||||||
Title: | CEO | |||||||||
Date: | September 16, 2014 | Date: August 22, 2014 |
[Signature Page to Employment Agreement]
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Exhibit 10.14
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This Employment Agreement (this Employment Agreement), effective as of September 2, 2014 (the Effective Date), is entered into by Wingstop Restaurants Inc., a Texas corporation (the Company), and William Engen, in his individual capacity (Executive), on the terms and conditions as follows:
§ 1. | TERM OF EMPLOYMENT |
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Employment Agreement, the Company agrees to employ Executive and Executive agrees to be employed by the Company for a term of five (5) years, starting on the Effective Date and ending on the 5th anniversary of such date. The employment term described in this § 1 is referred to in this Employment Agreement as the Term.
§ 2. | POSITION AND DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES |
(a) Position. Executive shall be the Companys Chief Operating Officer.
(b) Duties and Responsibilities. During the Term, Executive shall serve as the Companys Chief Operating Officer and shall devote all of Executives business time, skill and energies to promote the interests of the Company and to serve such positions with the Company as may be reasonably assigned by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company consistent with the title of Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Executive will also serve in such positions with Wingstop Holdings, Inc. (Parent) as may be reasonably assigned by the Board of Parent. Executive shall undertake to perform all of Executives duties and responsibilities for the Company, Parent and any current and/or future affiliates of the Company in good faith and on a full-time basis and shall at all times act in good faith in the course of Executives employment under this Employment Agreement in the best interests of the Company and its affiliates.
§ 3. | COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS |
(a) Base Salary. Executives base salary shall be $350,000 per year (the Base Salary), starting as of the Effective Date, which Base Salary is (i) payable in installments, in accordance with the Companys standard payroll practices and policies for senior executives, and (ii) subject to such withholding and other taxes as required by law or as otherwise permissible under such practices or policies.
(b) Employee Benefit Plans. Executive is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans, programs and policies maintained by the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of such plans, programs and policies as in effect from time to time.
(c) Bonus. Beginning in 2015, Executive will be eligible for an annual bonus (not to exceed 40% of Executives Base Salary) (the Annual Bonus) based on a combination (as determined by the Board in its discretion) of the Companys achievement for each year of (i) the Companys Free Cash Flow Budget and (ii) the Companys growth targets. Free Cash Flow means the Companys earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and capital expenditures. The Free Cash Flow Budget and growth targets for each fiscal year will be submitted by the Companys management to the Board of Directors of the Company (the
Board) and will be approved by the Board after discussion with management, subject to any changes determined by the Board. The Companys performance against the annual Free Cash Flow Budget and growth targets, for purposes of determination of the Annual Bonus, will be based upon the Companys audited financial statements. Payment of the Annual Bonus will be subject to the terms of the Companys annual executive bonus plan. For fiscal year 2014 only, the annual bonus will be guaranteed and in the amount of $140,000, subject to the terms of the Companys executive annual bonus plan. If Executive is no longer employed by the Company prior to the first anniversary of the Effective Date, for any reason, Executive will pay the Company $95,000.
The annual Free Cash Flow performance will be adjusted to take into consideration earnings that result from extraordinary capital expenditures/investments (i.e., those that are in excess of budgeted capital expenditures taken into account in the Free Cash Flow Budget).
(d) Paid Time Off. Executive shall accrue up to 20 days of paid time off on a pro rata basis during each successive one-year period in the Term. Accrued paid time off shall be taken at such time or times in each such one-year period so as not to materially and adversely interfere with the business of the Company and in no event shall more than ten days of paid time off be taken consecutively without approval by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board. Executive shall have no right to carry over unused paid time off from any such one-year period to any other such one-year period or to receive any additional compensation in lieu of taking Executives paid time off.
(e) Business Expenses. Executive shall be reimbursed for reasonable and appropriate business expenses incurred and appropriately documented in connection with the performance of Executives duties and responsibilities under this Employment Agreement in accordance with the Companys expense reimbursement policies and procedures for its senior executives.
§ 4. | TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND SEVERANCE |
(a) Right of Termination. The Company shall have the right to terminate Executives employment at any time, and Executive shall have the right to resign at any time, subject to the obligations and conditions contained herein.
(b) Payments Upon Termination. Upon termination of Executives employment with the Company for any reason, the Company shall pay to Executive on his last day of employment with the Company all Base Salary earned by Executive through his last day of employment, and any earned and payable (but as of yet unpaid) Annual Bonus for the previous year.
(c) Severance.
(1) If the Company terminates Executive without Cause, then, upon Executives Termination of Employment (as defined below), the Company shall (in lieu of any other severance benefits under any of the Company employee benefit plans, programs or policies) continue to pay Executives Base Salary at the time of such termination for a period of twelve (12) months. Such severance will be payable in equal bi-monthly installments in accordance with the Companys normal payroll practices, subject to such withholding and other taxes as may be required or as otherwise permissible under the Companys practices or policies.
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(2) The Company shall have no obligation to make any such severance payments if (i) Executive violates any of the provisions of § 5 of this Employment Agreement, (ii) the Company chooses not to renew this Employment Agreement either at the expiration of its initial term or at any point thereafter, or (iii) Executive does not execute and deliver (without revoking) to the Company a general release in form and substance satisfactory to the Company of any and all claims he may have against the Company, its parent, and their affiliates, including Roark Capital Management, LLC (the Release), within five (5) days following Executives Termination of Employment.
(3) Executive waives Executives rights, if any, to have the payments provided for under this § 4(c) taken into account in computing any other benefits payable to, or on behalf of, Executive by the Company.
(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Employment Agreement, if a change of control of the Company occurs, neither the Company, Parent, nor any acquirer of the Company or Parent will have any obligation to make severance payments under this Section as a result of such change of control unless Executives employment is terminated without Cause simultaneously with such change of control.
(5) Termination of Employment means the date on which Executives separation from service occurs within the meaning of § 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.
(6) The severance payments described in § 4(c)(1) shall commence within the sixty (60) day period following the Executives Termination of Employment provided the Executive executes the Release and the Release becomes effective and irrevocable within such sixty (60) day period and provided, further, that if such sixty (60) day period begins in one calendar year and ends in a second calendar year, such payments shall be made or shall commence in the second calendar year.
(d) Termination by the Company for Cause or by Executive.
(1) The Company shall have the right to terminate Executives employment at any time for Cause, and Executive shall have the right to resign at any time.
(2) If the Company terminates Executives employment for Cause or Executive resigns, the Companys only obligation to Executive under this Employment Agreement (except as provided under § 4(g)) shall be to pay upon Executives Termination of Employment Executives Base Salary under § 3(a) that he actually earned up to the date of Executives Termination of Employment.
(e) Cause. Cause shall exist if Executive (i) is indicted for, or pleads guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or, (ii) in the good faith determination of the Board, (a) engages in gross neglect or willful misconduct; (b) breaches Executives duties to the Company or Parent; (c) otherwise breaches in any material respect any provision of this Employment Agreement or any
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other agreement between Executive and the Company or Parent; (d) engages in any activity or behavior, including substance abuse, that is or could be harmful to the property, business, goodwill, or reputation of the Company or Parent; or (e) commits theft, larceny, embezzlement, fraud, any acts of dishonesty, illegality, moral turpitude, insubordination, or mismanagement; provided, however, that Executive may not be terminated for Cause under (ii)(c) above unless Executive fails to cure any such breach (if the Board determines that it is curable) to the good faith satisfaction of the Board within 10 days after notice of the breach; and provided further, that Executive shall only be entitled to one such opportunity to cure under this Employment Agreement.
(f) Termination for Disability or Death.
(1) Disability. The Company may terminate the Term if Executive is unable substantially to perform Executives duties and responsibilities hereunder to the full extent required by the Board by reason of a Permanent Disability, as defined below. Executive shall upon his Termination of Employment by reason of a Permanent Disability, be entitled to the following: (i) any amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid, which amounts shall be paid within thirty (30) days following such Termination of Employment; and (ii) continued participation, in accordance with the terms of such plans, in those employee welfare benefit plans in which Executive was participating on the date of termination which, by their terms, permit a former employee to participate. In such event, the Company shall have no further liability or obligation to Executive for compensation under this Employment Agreement. Executive agrees, in the event of a dispute under this § 4(f)(1), to submit to a physical examination by a licensed physician selected by the Board. For purposes of this Employment Agreement, Permanent Disability has the same meaning as for purposes of the Companys permanent disability insurance policies which now or hereafter cover the permanent disability of Executive or, in absence of such policies, means the inability of Executive to work in a customary day-to-day capacity for six (6) consecutive months or for six (6) months within a twelve (12) month period, as determined by the Board.
(2) Death. The Term shall terminate in the event of Executives death. In such event, Executives estate shall be entitled upon Executives death to (i) any amounts earned, accrued or owing but not yet paid, which amounts shall be paid within thirty (30) days following such Termination of Employment; and (ii) any other benefits to which Executive is entitled in accordance with the terms of the applicable plans and programs of the Company. The Company shall have no further liability or obligation under this Employment Agreement to Executives executors, legal representatives, administrators, heirs or assigns or any other person claiming under or through Executive.
(g) Benefits at Termination of Employment. Executive will have, upon termination of his employment, the right to receive any benefits payable under the Companys employee benefit plans, programs and policies that Executive otherwise has a nonforfeitable right to receive under the terms of such plans, programs and policies (other than severance benefits), independent of Executives rights under this Employment Agreement.
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§ 5. | COVENANTS BY EXECUTIVE |
(a) The Companys Property.
(1) Executive, upon the termination of Executives employment for any reason or, if earlier, upon the Company request, shall promptly return all Property that had been entrusted or made available to Executive by the Company.
(2) The term Property means all records, files, memoranda, reports, price lists, customer lists, drawings, plans, sketches, keys, codes, computer hardware and software and other property of any kind or description prepared, used or possessed by Executive during Executives employment by the Company (and any duplicates of any such property) together with any and all information, ideas, concepts, discoveries, and inventions and the like conceived, made, developed or acquired at any time by Executive individually or with others during Executives employment that relate to the Company business, products or services.
(b) Trade Secrets.
(1) Executive agrees that Executive will hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company and will not directly or indirectly use or disclose, other than when required to do so in good faith to perform Executives duties and responsibilities, any Trade Secret that Executive may have acquired during the term of Executives employment by the Company for so long as such information remains a Trade Secret, unless Executive is required to do so by a lawful order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any governmental authority, or agency, or any recognized subpoena; provided, however, that before making any disclosure of a Trade Secret pursuant to a such an order or subpoena, Executive will provide notice of such order or subpoena to the Company to permit the Company to challenge such order or subpoena if the Company, in its sole discretion and at its expense, desires to challenge such order or subpoena or to seek a protective order preventing further disclosure of the Trade Secret.
(2) The term Trade Secret means information, without regard to form, including technical or non-technical data, a formula, a pattern, a compilation, a program, a device, a method, a technique, a drawing, a process, financial data, financial plans, product plans, or a list of actual or potential customers or suppliers that (i) derives economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being generally readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use and (ii) is the subject of reasonable efforts by the Company to maintain its secrecy.
(3) This § 5(b) and § 5(c) are intended to provide rights to the Company that are in addition to, not in lieu of, those rights the Company has under the common law or applicable statutes for the protection of trade secrets and Confidential Information.
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(c) Confidential Information.
(1) Executive while employed by the Company and during the five (5) year period after termination of such employment shall hold in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the Company and shall not directly or indirectly use or disclose, other than when required to do so in good faith to perform Executives duties and responsibilities, any Confidential Information that Executive may have acquired (whether or not developed or compiled by Executive and whether or not Executive is authorized to have access to such information) during the term of, and in the course of, or as a result of Executives employment by the Company unless Executive is required to do so by a lawful order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any governmental authority, or agency, or any recognized subpoena; provided, however, that before making any disclosure of a Confidential Information pursuant to a such an order or subpoena, Executive will provide notice of such order or subpoena to the Company to permit the Company to challenge such order or subpoena if the Company, in its sole discretion and at its expense, desires to challenge such order or subpoena or to seek a protective order preventing further disclosure of the Confidential Information.
(2) The term Confidential Information means any secret, confidential or proprietary information possessed by the Company relating to its businesses, including customer lists, details of client or consultant contracts, the terms and conditions of this Employment Agreement, current and anticipated customer requirements, pricing policies, price lists, market studies, business plans, licensing strategies, advertising campaigns, operational methods, marketing plans or strategies, product development techniques or flaws, computer software programs (including object code and source code), data and documentation, data base technologies, systems, structures and architectures, inventions and ideas, past, current and planned research and development, compilations, devices, methods, techniques, processes, financial information and data, employee compensation information, business acquisition plans and new personnel acquisition plans, which are not otherwise included in the definition of a Trade Secret under this Employment Agreement, that has not become generally available to the public by the act of one who has the right to disclose such information without violating any right of the Company.
(d) Ownership of Work Product.
(1) Executive acknowledges and agrees that Executive will be employed by the Company in a position that could provide the opportunity for conceiving and/or reducing to practice developments, discoveries, methods, processes, designs, inventions, ideas, or improvements (hereinafter collectively called Work Product). Accordingly, Executive agrees to promptly report and disclose to the Company in writing all Work Product conceived, made, implemented, or reduced to practice by Executive, whether alone or acting with others, during Executives employment by the Company. Executive acknowledges and agrees that all Work Product is the sole and exclusive property of the Company. Executive agrees to assign, and hereby automatically assigns, without further consideration, to the Company any and all rights, title, and interest in and to all Work Product; provided, however, that this § 5(d)(1) shall not apply to any Work Product for
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which no equipment, supplies, facilities, or trade secret information of the Company was used and that was developed entirely on Executives own time, unless the Work Product (i) relates directly or indirectly to the Companys business or its actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development, or (ii) results from any work performed by Executive for the Company. The Company, its successors and assigns, shall have the right to obtain and hold in its or their own name copyright registrations, trademark registrations, patents and any other protection available to the Work Product.
(2) Executive agrees to perform, upon the reasonable request of the Company, such further acts as may be reasonably necessary or desirable to transfer, perfect, and defend the Companys ownership of the Work Product, including (i) executing, acknowledging and delivering any requested affidavits and documents of assignment and conveyance, (ii) assisting in the preparation, prosecution, procurement, maintenance and enforcement of all copyrights and/or patents with respect to the Work Product in any countries, (iii) providing testimony in connection with any proceeding affecting the right, title or interest of the Company in any Work Product, and (iv) performing any other acts deemed necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Employment Agreement. The Company shall reimburse all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Executive at the Companys request in connection with the foregoing.
(e) Non-Competition; Non-Solicitation.
(1) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive will not, whether as an employee, consultant, advisor, independent contractor, or in any other capacity, provide management or executive services, similar to those that Executive provided to the Company or its affiliates at any time during the last twenty-four (24) months (or such shorter period if less than twenty-four (24) months) of Executives employment with the Company, to or on behalf of any Competing Business in the Territory regardless of where Executive is physically located. For purposes of this Employment Agreement, the term Territory means the United States, and the term Competing Business means any business that (i) owns, operates, develops or franchises a restaurant (whether dine-in, take-out, home delivery or otherwise) or related business which derives 20% or more of its gross revenues from the sale of any combination of chicken wings, boneless chicken wings, chicken strips and any other chicken product sold at a Wingstop location, and (ii) operates in any state in which the Company has a franchised location or is operating a company store (or has an executed development agreement or franchise agreement) as of the last date of Executives employment. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Territory identified in this § 5(e)(1) is the geographic area in or as to which he is expected to perform services or have responsibilities for the Company and its affiliates by being actively engaged as a member of the Companys management team as Chief Operating Officer during his employment with the Company.
(2) The foregoing restrictions shall not be construed to prohibit the ownership by Executive of less than one percent (1%) of any class of securities of any company which is a Competing Business or having a class of securities registered pursuant to the
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Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, provided that such ownership represents a passive investment and that neither Executive nor any group of persons including Executive in any way, either directly or indirectly, manages or exercises control of any such company, guarantees any of its financial obligations, consults with, advises, or otherwise takes any part in its business, other than exercising Executives rights as a shareholder, or seeks to do any of the foregoing.
(3) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive shall not, on his own behalf or on behalf of any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation or business organization, entity or enterprise, directly or indirectly solicit or attempt to solicit, with a view to or for the purpose of competing with the Company or its affiliates in any Competing Business, any customers or franchisees of the Company or its affiliates with whom Executive had or made contact in the course of Executives employment by the Company.
(4) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive will not, directly or indirectly, (i) solicit or attempt to solicit any potential franchisee to enter into a franchise agreement with any other person, firm or entity of a type generally similar to or competitive with the franchise arrangements of the Company, or (ii) encourage any franchisee to terminate its franchise relationship with the Company.
(5) While employed by the Company and for two (2) years following termination of Executives employment for any reason, Executive shall not, on his own behalf or on behalf of any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation or business organization, entity or enterprise, directly or indirectly, hire, or solicit or attempt to solicit any officer, employee or independent contractor, consultant or advisor of the Company or its affiliates with whom Executive had contact in the course of Executives employment with the Company to terminate or reduce his or her employment or business relationship with the Company or its affiliates and shall not assist any other person or entity in such a solicitation.
(6) In return for your obligations and undertakings pursuant to this Employment Agreement, including the obligations set forth in § 5, the Company promises to provide you with certain of its trade secrets and/or confidential information, and to provide you with specialized instruction and training, to the extent such instruction, training, confidential information and/or trade secrets are necessary for you to perform your duties for the Company. You agree that these promises, in addition to your employment or continued employment with the Company, and the other promises contained herein are sufficient consideration for your entering into this Employment Agreement.
(f) Non-Disparagement. Executive will not make any statement, written or verbal, to any person or entity, including in any forum or media, or take any action, in disparagement of the Company, the Board, or any of their respective current, former or future affiliates, or any current,
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former or future shareholders, partners, managers, members, officers, directors, employees, franchisors or franchisees of any of the foregoing (each, a Company Party), including negative references to or about any Company Partys services, policies, practices, documents, methods of doing business, strategies, objectives, shareholders, partners, managers, members, officers, directors, or employees, or take any other action that may disparage any Company Party to the general public and/or any Company Partys officers, directors, employees, clients, franchisees, potential franchisees, suppliers, investors, potential investors, business partners or potential business partners.
(g) Cooperation. Executive will cooperate with all reasonable requests by the Company (or any affiliate of the Company) for assistance in connection with any matters involving the Company (or any affiliate of the Company), including by providing truthful testimony in person in any legal proceedings without having to be subpoenaed.
(h) Reasonable and Continuing Obligations. Executive agrees that Executives obligations under this § 5 are obligations that will continue beyond the date Executives employment with the Company terminates, regardless of the reason for such termination, and that such obligations are reasonable and necessary to protect the Companys legitimate business interests. In addition, the Company shall have the right to take such other action as the Company deems necessary or appropriate to compel compliance with the provisions of this § 5, including seeking injunctive relief.
(i) Remedy for Breach. Executive agrees that the remedies at law of the Company for any actual or threatened breach by Executive of the covenants in this § 5 would be inadequate and that the Company shall be entitled to specific performance of the covenants in this § 5, including entry of an ex parte, temporary restraining order in state or federal court, preliminary and permanent injunctive relief against activities in violation of this § 5, or both, or other appropriate judicial remedy, writ or order, in addition to any damages and legal expenses that the Company may be legally entitled to recover. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the covenants in this § 5 shall be construed as agreements independent of any other provision of this or any other agreement between the Company and Executive, and that the existence of any claim or cause of action by Executive against the Company, whether predicated upon this Employment Agreement or any other agreement, shall not constitute a defense to the enforcement by the Company of such covenants.
§ 6. | SECTION 409A COMPLIANCE |
(a) The Company and Executive agree that this Employment Agreement will be administered and interpreted in good faith in a manner which is intended to minimize the risk that Executive will be subject to tax under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Section 409A), with respect to any payments to be made or benefits to be provided to Executive by the Company pursuant to the terms of this Employment Agreement, and the Company and Executive agree to cooperate fully and in good faith with one another to seek to minimize such risk.
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(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Employment Agreement, no payments shall be made and no benefits shall be provided under this Employment Agreement as a result of Executives termination of employment unless Executive has a separation from service within the meaning of Section 409A in connection with such termination of employment, and Executive and the Company acknowledge and agree that a separation from service may come before, after or coincide with any such termination of employment and that the payments otherwise to be made at a termination of employment and that the benefits otherwise to be provided at a termination of employment shall only be made or provided at the time of the related separation from service. Furthermore, Executive and the Company acknowledge and agree that all or any part of any payment to be made or benefit to be provided to Executive during the 6 month and 1 day period which starts on the date Executive has a separation from service (other than by reason of Executives death) shall be delayed and then paid (in a lump sum without interest) or provided (without interest) on the first business day which comes 6 months and 1 day after the date of Executives separation from service if the Company acting in good faith determines that (1) Executive is a specified employee within in the meaning of Section 409A and (2) making such payment or providing such benefit during such 6 month and 1 day period would put Executive at risk for any taxes or penalties under Section 409A.
(c) With respect to items eligible for reimbursement under the terms of this Employment Agreement, (i) the amount of such expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in kind benefits provided, in any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement or in kind benefits to be provided, in another taxable year, (ii) no such reimbursement or in kind benefit may be exchanged or liquidated for another payment or benefit, and (iii) any reimbursements of expenses shall be made as soon as practicable under the circumstances but in any event no later than the end of the calendar year following the calendar in which the related expenses were incurred.
(d) The Company and Executive intend that each installment of payments and benefits provided under this Employment Agreement shall be treated as a separate identified payment for purposes of Section 409A and that neither the Company nor Executive shall have the right to accelerate or defer the delivery of any such payments or benefits if a determination is made in good faith that any such acceleration or deferral would present a risk that Executive would be subject to any tax under Section 409A.
(e) Executive acknowledges and agrees that nothing in this Employment Agreement shall be construed as a covenant by the Company that no payment will be made or benefit will be provided under this Employment Agreement which will be subject to taxation under Section 409A or as a guarantee or indemnity by the Company for the tax consequences to the payments and benefits called for under this Employment Agreement including any tax consequences under Section 409A. Finally, Executive agrees that Executive shall be the only person responsible for paying all taxes due with respect to such payments and benefits.
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§7 | MISCELLANEOUS |
(a) Notices. All Notices and all other communications which are required to be given under this Employment Agreement must be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when (i) personally delivered, (ii) mailed by United States registered or certified mail postage prepaid, (iii) sent via a nationally recognized overnight courier service, (iv) sent via facsimile to the recipient, or (v) sent via e-mail to the recipient, in each case as follows:
If to the Company: | Stephen Aronson | |
Wingstop Restaurants Inc. | ||
c/o Roark Capital Management | ||
1180 Peachtree Street | ||
Suite 2500 | ||
Atlanta, GA 30309 | ||
Telecopy No.: (404) 591-5201 | ||
saronson@roarkcapital.com | ||
With A Copy To: | King & Spalding LLP | |
1180 Peachtree Street | ||
Atlanta, GA 30309 | ||
Attention: William G. Roche | ||
Telecopy No.: (404) 572-5133 | ||
broche@kslaw.com | ||
If to Executive: | William Engen | |
12669 Winding Hollow Lane | ||
Frisco, TX 75033 |
or such other address or addresses as either party hereto shall have designated by notice in writing to the other party hereto.
(b) No Waiver. Except for any notice required to be given under this Employment Agreement, no failure by either the Company or Executive at any time to give notice of any breach by the other of, or to require compliance with, any condition or provision of this Employment Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any provisions or conditions of this Employment Agreement.
(c) Applicable Law. This Employment Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas (except to the extent that its choice of law provisions would call for the application of the law of another jurisdiction).
(d) Other Agreements. This Employment Agreement replaces and merges any and all previous agreements and understandings regarding all the terms and conditions of Executives employment relationship with the Company and this Employment Agreement constitutes the
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entire agreement of the Company and Executive with respect to such terms and conditions. Executive acknowledges that Executive is not obligated under any contract or other agreement that would conflict with Executives obligations under this Employment Agreement and Executives ability to perform Executives duties and responsibilities under this Employment Agreement upon commencement of and during the Term.
(e) Amendment. No amendment to this Employment Agreement shall be effective unless it is both: (i) agreed to and signed by Executive and the Company, and (ii) reviewed and approved by the Board.
(f) Invalidity. If any part of this Employment Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or otherwise unenforceable, the remaining part shall be unaffected and shall continue in full force and effect, and the invalid or otherwise unenforceable part shall be deemed not to be part of this Employment Agreement. If any court construes any provision or portion of this Employment Agreement to be unenforceable because of the scope or duration of such provision, it is the intention of the parties that the court reduce or reform the scope or duration to its greatest enforceable level.
(g) Arbitration. The Company and Executive shall have the right to obtain from a court an injunction or other equitable relief arising out of the Executives breach of the provisions of § 5 of this Employment Agreement. However, any other controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Employment Agreement, any alleged breach of this Employment Agreement, or Executives employment by the Company or the termination of such employment, including any claim as to arbitrability or any claims for any alleged discrimination, harassment, or retaliation in violation of any federal, state or local law, shall be settled by binding arbitration in Atlanta, Georgia in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association then applicable to employment-related disputes and any judgment upon any award, which may include an award of damages, may be entered in the state or federal court having jurisdiction over such award.
(h) Costs of Enforcement. Except as prohibited by applicable law, the prevailing party in any action brought under this Employment Agreement, including any action to enforce the provisions of § 5, any arbitration under § 7(g), or any action to enforce any arbitration award under § 7(g), shall be awarded and the non-prevailing party shall pay the prevailing partys attorneys fees and related expenses, and the non-prevailing party shall pay all arbitration filing and administration fees as well as all fees and expenses of the arbitrator. If a party files a claim and subsequently withdraws it, that party will be considered the non-prevailing party for purposes of this § 7(h).
(i) No Challenge. Notwithstanding any provision of this Employment Agreement to the contrary, Executive covenants and agrees that Executive will not (i) file any claim, lawsuit, demand for arbitration, or other proceeding challenging the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Employment Agreement, or (ii) raise, as a defense, the validity or enforceability of any provision of this Employment Agreement, in any claim, lawsuit, arbitration or other proceeding. Should Executive violate any aspect of this § 7(i), Executive agrees (A) that, in the case of a breach of clause (i) of the preceding sentence, such claim, lawsuit, demand for
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arbitration, or other proceeding shall be summarily withdrawn and/or dismissed; (B) that Executive will pay all costs and damages incurred by the Company and its Affiliates in responding to or as a result of such claim, lawsuit, demand for arbitration, or other proceeding (including reasonable attorneys fees), or such defense, as the case may be; (C) that Executive will immediately forfeit any right to receive any severance payments under § 4(c) of this Employment Agreement; and (d) that Executive will immediately repay any such payments or distributions that were received by Executive under §4(c) after the Termination Date.
(i) Assignment. This Employment Agreement may not be assigned by Executive. This Employment Agreement may be assigned by the Company, without Executives consent, to (1) any affiliate of the Company, or (2) any other successor in interest to the Companys business and assets (whether by merger, sale of assets, contribution of assets or otherwise). This Employment Agreement shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the Company and its successors and assigns.
(j) Interpretation. As used in this Agreement, the word including means including, without limitation in each instance.
* * * * *
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and Executive have executed this Employment Agreement in multiple originals to be effective on the Effective Date.
WINGSTOP RESTAURANTS INC. | EXECUTIVE | |||||||||
By: | /s/ Charles R. Morrison |
/s/ William Engen | ||||||||
Name: | Charles R. Morrison | William Engen | ||||||||
Title: | CEO | |||||||||
Date: | September 2, 2014 | Date: | September 2, 2014 |
[Signature Page to Employment Agreement]
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Exhibit 16.1
March 27, 2015
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, DC 20549
Commissioners:
We have read the change in accountants disclosure pursuant to Item 304 of Regulation S-K, captioned Change in Independent Accountant in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Wingstop Inc., dated March 27, 2015, as may be amended from time to time, and agree with the statements concerning our firm contained therein.
Yours truly,
/s/ McGladrey LLP
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