10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_______________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_______________________________________________

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 30, 2021

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                     

Commission File Number: 1-37499

_______________________________________________

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

_______________________________________________

Delaware			46-0599018
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
120 Mountain View Blvd.,	Basking Ridge,	NJ	07920
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code): (908) 991-2665

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	BNED	New York Stock Exchange

_______________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging Growth Company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of February 26, 2021, 51,378,913 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Fiscal Quarter Ended January 30, 2021

Index to Form 10-Q

			Page No.
PART I -	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations – For the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020		3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – As of January 30, 2021, January 25, 2020, and May 2, 2020		4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – For the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020		5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity – As of January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020		6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		7
	Note 1.	Organization	7
	Note 2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	8
	Note 3.	Recent Accounting Pronouncements	11
	Note 4.	Revenue	12
	Note 5.	Leases	13
	Note 6.	Segment Reporting	15
	Note 7.	Equity and Earnings Per Share	17
	Note 8.	Fair Value Measurements	18
	Note 9.	Credit Facility	19
	Note 10.	Supplementary Information	20
	Note 11.	Employee Benefit Plans	20
	Note 12.	Long-Term Incentive Plan Compensation Expense	20
	Note 13.	Income Taxes	22
	Note 14.	Legal Proceedings	22
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		23
	Overview		23
	Results of Operations		26
	Adjusted Earnings (Non-GAAP)		36
	Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP)		37
	Liquidity and Capital Resources		38
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		42
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		43
PART II -	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		43
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		44
Item 5.	Other Information		44
Item 6.	Exhibits		44
	SIGNATURES		46

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1:    Financial Statements

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited) 

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Sales:
Product sales and other	$	373,502	$	453,678	$	1,118,544	$	1,474,448
Rental income	38,111		48,614		92,568		119,729
Total sales	411,613		502,292		1,211,112		1,594,177
Cost of sales:
Product and other cost of sales	315,607		354,999		933,847		1,146,400
Rental cost of sales	25,394		28,758		60,506		70,635
Total cost of sales	341,001		383,757		994,353		1,217,035
Gross profit	70,612		118,535		216,759		377,142
Selling and administrative expenses	92,708		106,184		254,723		317,279
Depreciation and amortization expense	13,307		15,117		40,563		46,542
Impairment loss (non-cash)	27,630		—		27,630		433
Restructuring and other charges	1,669		205		10,727		3,240
Operating (loss) income	(64,702)		(2,971)		(116,884)		9,648
Interest expense, net	2,311		1,904		5,876		5,882
(Loss) income before income taxes	(67,013)		(4,875)		(122,760)		3,766
Income tax (benefit) expense	(18,724)		(3,182)		(35,334)		1,683
Net (loss) income	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
(Loss) Income per share of common stock:
Basic	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04
Diluted	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic	50,082		48,298		49,099		47,911
Diluted	50,082		48,298		49,099		48,767

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data) 

	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		May 2, 2020
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)		(audited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,915	$	9,798	$	8,242
Receivables, net	227,174		238,045		90,851
Merchandise inventories, net	452,611		530,260		428,939
Textbook rental inventories	40,720		48,474		40,710
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	25,281		24,617		16,177
Total current assets	755,701		851,194		584,919
Property and equipment, net	87,405		101,055		97,739
Operating lease right-of-use assets	242,937		251,743		250,837
Intangible assets, net	155,536		179,596		175,125
Goodwill	4,700		4,700		4,700
Deferred tax assets, net	14,984		2,647		7,805
Other noncurrent assets	27,195		37,169		35,307
Total assets	$	1,288,458	$	1,428,104	$	1,156,432
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	318,795	$	389,050	$	143,678
Accrued liabilities	125,815		193,705		95,420
Current operating lease liabilities	105,624		102,247		92,571
Short-term borrowings	—		—		75,000
Total current liabilities	550,234		685,002		406,669
Long-term operating lease liabilities	190,453		169,227		186,142
Other long-term liabilities	52,814		50,529		46,170
Long-term borrowings	150,800		65,900		99,700
Total liabilities	944,301		970,658		738,681
Commitments and contingencies	—		—		—
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized, 5,000 shares; 0 shares issued and 0 shares outstanding	—		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized, 200,000 shares; issued, 53,327, 52,139 and 52,140 shares, respectively; outstanding, 51,379, 48,297 and 48,298 shares, respectively	533		521		521
Additional paid-in capital	733,019		732,320		732,958
Accumulated deficit	(370,253)		(242,494)		(282,827)
Treasury stock, at cost	(19,142)		(32,901)		(32,901)
Total stockholders' equity	344,157		457,446		417,751
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,288,458	$	1,428,104	$	1,156,432

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	40,563		46,542
Content amortization expense	3,700		2,973
Amortization of deferred financing costs	811		811
Impairment loss (non-cash)	27,630		433
Deferred taxes	(7,179)		(222)
Stock-based compensation expense	3,857		6,000
Changes in other long-term assets and liabilities, net	11,291		2,663
Changes in operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities	11,937		9,890
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net	36,402		20,834
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	41,586		92,007
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(25,910)		(26,841)
Net change in other noncurrent assets	(78)		(507)
Net cash flows used in investing activities	(25,988)		(27,348)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings under Credit Agreement	547,600		383,400
Repayments of borrowings under Credit Agreement	(571,500)		(451,000)
Sale of treasury shares	10,869		—
Purchase of treasury shares	(894)		(1,265)
Net cash flows used in financing activities	(13,925)		(68,865)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,673		(4,206)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	9,008		14,768
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	10,681	$	10,562
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net:
Receivables, net	$	(136,323)	$	(139,875)
Merchandise inventories	(23,672)		(109,938)
Textbook rental inventories	(10)		(1,473)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,104)		(12,839)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	205,511		284,959
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net	$	36,402	$	20,834

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

				Additional
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Accumulated		Treasury Stock			Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Shares	Amount		Equity
Balance at April 27, 2019	51,030	$	510	$	726,331	$	(244,577)	3,467	$	(31,636)	$	450,628
Stock-based compensation expense				2,321							2,321
Vested equity awards	56	1		(1)							—
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards								12	(40)		(40)
Net loss						(32,155)					(32,155)
Balance at July 27, 2019	51,086	$	511	$	728,651	$	(276,732)	3,479	$	(31,676)	$	420,754
Stock-based compensation expense				1,860							1,860
Vested equity awards	1,053	10		(10)							—
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards								363	(1,225)		(1,225)
Net income						35,931					35,931
Balance at October 26, 2019	52,139	$	521	$	730,501	$	(240,801)	3,842	$	(32,901)	$	457,320
Stock-based compensation expense				1,819							1,819
Net loss						(1,693)					(1,693)
Balance at January 25, 2020	52,139	$	521	$	732,320	$	(242,494)	3,842	$	(32,901)	$	457,446
				Additional
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Accumulated		Treasury Stock			Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Shares	Amount		Equity
Balance at May 2, 2020	52,140	$	521	$	732,958	$	(282,827)	3,842	$	(32,901)	$	417,751
Stock-based compensation expense				1,521							1,521
Vested equity awards	514	5		(5)							—
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards								179	(342)		(342)
Net loss						(46,652)					(46,652)
Balance August 1, 2020	52,654	$	526	$	734,474	$	(329,479)	4,021	$	(33,243)	$	372,278
Stock-based compensation expense				1,180							1,180
Vested equity awards	662	7		(7)							—
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards								231	(539)		(539)
Net income						7,515					7,515
Balance October 31, 2020	53,316	$	533	$	735,647	$	(321,964)	4,252	$	(33,782)	$	380,434
Stock-based compensation expense				1,156							1,156
Vested equity awards	11	—		—							—
Sale of treasury shares				(3,784)				(2,308)	14,653		10,869
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards								4	(13)		(13)
Net loss						(48,289)					(48,289)
Balance at January 30, 2021	53,327	$	533	$	733,019	$	(370,253)	1,948	$	(19,142)	$	344,157

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Unless the context otherwise indicates, references in these Notes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements to “we,” “us,” “our” and “the Company” refer to Barnes & Noble Education or "BNED", Inc., a Delaware corporation. References to “Barnes & Noble College” refer to our college bookstore business operated through our subsidiary Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC. References to “MBS” refer to our virtual bookstore and wholesale textbook distribution business operated through our subsidiary MBS Textbook Exchange, LLC. References to “Student Brands” refer to our direct-to-student subscription-based writing services business operated through our subsidiary Student Brands, LLC.

This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes to consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020, which includes consolidated financial statements for the Company for each of the three fiscal years ended May 2, 2020, April 27, 2019 and April 28, 2018 (Fiscal 2020, Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018, respectively), the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the 13 weeks ended August 1, 2020, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the 26 weeks ended October 31, 2020.

Note 1. Organization

Description of Business

Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (“BNED”) is one of the largest contract operators of physical and virtual bookstores for college and university campuses and K-12 institutions across the United States. We are also one of the largest textbook wholesalers, inventory management hardware and software providers, and a leading provider of digital education solutions. We operate 1,441 physical, virtual, and custom bookstores and serve more than 6 million students, delivering essential educational content and tools within a dynamic omnichannel retail environment. Additionally, we offer direct-to-student products and services to help students study more effectively and improve academic performance.

The strengths of our business include our ability to compete by developing new products and solutions to meet market needs, our large operating footprint with direct access to students and faculty, our well-established, deep relationships with academic partners and stable, long-term contracts and our well-recognized brands. We expect to continue to introduce scalable and advanced digital solutions focused largely on the student, expand our e-commerce capabilities, increase market share with new accounts, and expand our strategic opportunities through acquisitions and partnerships. We expect general merchandise sales to continue to increase over the long term, as our product assortments continue to emphasize and reflect the changing consumer trends, and we evolve our presentation concepts and merchandising of products in stores and online, as we improve our e-commerce capabilities through investments we are making in new systems, processes and people.

We believe the BNC and MBS brands are synonymous with innovation in bookselling and campus retail, and, are widely recognized and respected brands in the United States. Our large college footprint, reputation, and credibility in the marketplace not only support our marketing efforts to universities, students, and faculty, but are also important for leading publishers who rely on us as one of their primary distribution channels, and for being a trusted source for students in our direct-to-student digital solutions business.

We have three reportable segments: Retail, Wholesale and DSS. For additional information related to our strategies, operations and segments, see Part I - Item 1. Business and Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 6. Segment Reporting in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Partnership with Fanatics and FLC

In December 2020, we entered into a new merchandising partnership with Fanatics Retail Group Fulfillment, LLC, Inc. ("Fanatics") and Fanatics Lids College, Inc. ("FLC"). Through this partnership, we will receive unparalleled product assortment, e-commerce capabilities and powerful digital marketing tools to drive increased value for customers and accelerate growth of our high margin general merchandise business. We will leverage Fanatics’ e-commerce technology and expertise for the operational management of the emblematic merchandise and gift sections of our campus store websites. FLC will manage in-store assortment planning and merchandising of emblematic apparel, headwear, and gift products for our partner campus stores. FLC has agreed to purchase our logo and emblematic general merchandise inventory, which we expect to be finalized during our fiscal 2021 fourth quarter. We will maintain our relationships with campus partners and remain responsible for staffing and managing the day-to-day operations of our campus bookstores. We will also work closely with our campus partners to ensure that each campus store will maintain unique aspects of in-store merchandising, including localized product

7

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

assortments and specific styles and designs that reflect each campus’s brand. We expect Fanatics and FLC to go live with this partnership beginning in the second calendar quarter of 2021.

Additionally, Fanatics, Inc. and Lids Holdings, Inc. jointly made a $15,000 strategic equity investment in BNED and received 2,307,692 common shares of BNED in exchange. We expect to use these proceeds to for general corporate purposes. For additional information, see Note 7. Equity and Earnings Per Share.

Wolfram|Alpha Agreement

In December 2020, we entered into an agreement with Wolfram|Alpha to develop a math solver as a new feature in our bartleby suite of homework help and learning solutions. Powered by Wolfram|Alpha’s best-in-class computation engine, the math solver will allow students to access an interactive digital calculator that provides real-time, step-by-step explanations for even the most advanced math problems.

COVID-19 Business Impact

Our business experienced an unprecedented and significant impact as a result of COVID-19 related campus store closures. Beginning in March 2020, colleges and universities nationwide began to close their campuses in light of safety concerns and as a result of local and state issued stay-at-home orders. By mid-March, during our fiscal 2020 fourth quarter, we closed the majority of our physical campus stores to protect the health and safety of our customers and employees.

While our campus stores were closed, we continued to serve institutions and students through our campus websites, providing free shipping on all orders and an expanded digital content offering to provide immediate access to course materials to students at our campuses that closed due to COVID-19. We developed and implemented plans to safely reopen our campus stores based on national, state and local guidelines, as well as the campus policies set by the school administration. Colleges and universities in the United States continue to adjust their plans for each academic term, with some implementing shortened semesters or choosing to remain fully virtual in order to best protect students and faculty.

Our fiscal 2021 results have been significantly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as many schools continued to adjust their learning model and on-campus activities in response to the pandemic. Fewer students have returned to campus, as many schools implemented a remote learning model and curtailed on-campus classes and activities. While many big athletic conferences resumed their sport activities, fan attendance at the games was either eliminated or severely restricted, which further impacted the company’s high-margin general merchandise business. Additionally, sales were impacted by overall enrollment declines in higher education. See Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Evaluation of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets related to the impairment loss (non-cash) recognized during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 3021.

The COVID-19 impact on higher education remains a fluid situation, and we are committed to supporting our campus partners through our flexible offerings and our ability to quickly pivot to ensure uninterrupted service as institutions manage the safety of their campuses. There is still uncertainty about the duration and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. If economic conditions caused by the pandemic do not recover as currently estimated by management or market factors currently in place change, there could be a further impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows from operations.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly its consolidated financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods reported. These condensed consolidated financial statements are condensed and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Our business is highly seasonal. Our quarterly results also may fluctuate depending on the timing of the start of the various schools' semesters, as well as shifts in our fiscal calendar dates. These shifts in timing may affect the comparability of our results across periods. Our fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April. Due to the seasonal nature of the business, the results of operations for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 are not indicative of the results expected for the 52 weeks ending May 1, 2021 (Fiscal 2021).

8

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

For certain of our retail operations, sales are generally highest in the second and third fiscal quarters, when students purchase and rent textbooks and other course materials for the typical academic year, and lowest in the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Sales attributable to our wholesale business are generally highest in our first, second and third quarters, as MBS sells textbooks and other course materials for retail distribution. Our DSS segment sales and operating profit are realized relatively consistently throughout the year.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories, which consist of finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market value of our inventory, which is all purchased finished goods, is determined based on its estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price less normally predictable costs of disposal and transportation. Reserves for non-returnable inventory are based on our history of liquidating non-returnable inventory.

Cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method for our Retail segment and last-in first out, or “LIFO”, method for our Wholesale segment. Our textbook inventories, for Retail and Wholesale, and trade book inventories are valued using the LIFO method and the related reserve was not material to the recorded amount of our inventories.

For our physical bookstores, we also estimate and accrue shortage for the period between the last physical count of inventory and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends.

Textbook Rental Inventories

Physical textbooks out on rent are categorized as textbook rental inventories. At the time a rental transaction is consummated, the book is removed from merchandise inventories and moved to textbook rental inventories at cost. The cost of the book is amortized down to its estimated residual value over the rental period. The related amortization expense is included in cost of goods sold. At the end of the rental period, upon return, the book is removed from textbook rental inventories and recorded in merchandise inventories at its amortized cost.

Leases

We recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet for all operating lease arrangements based on the present value of future lease payments as required by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842, Leases. We do not recognize lease assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases (i.e., those with a term of twelve months or less). We recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term for contracts with fixed lease payments, including those with fixed annual minimums, or over a rolling twelve-month period for leases where the annual guarantee resets at the start of each contract year, in order to best reflect the pattern of usage of the underlying leased asset. For additional information, see Note 5. Leases.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

Product sales and rentals

The majority of our revenue is derived from the sale of products through our bookstore locations, including virtual bookstores, and our bookstore affiliated e-commerce websites, and contains a single performance obligation. Revenue from sales of our products is recognized at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the products. For additional information, see Note 4. Revenue.

Retail product revenue is recognized when the customer takes physical possession of our products, which occurs either at the point of sale for products purchased at physical locations or upon receipt of our products by our customers for products ordered through our websites and virtual bookstores. Wholesale product revenue is recognized upon shipment of physical

9

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

textbooks at which point title passes and risk of loss is transferred to the customer. Additional revenue is recognized for shipping charges billed to customers and shipping costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs within cost of goods sold.

Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is deferred and recognized over the rental period based on the passage of time commencing at the point of sale, when control of the product transfers to the customer. Rental periods are typically for a single semester and are always less than one year in duration. We offer a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented physical textbook at the end of the rental period if the customer desires to do so. We record the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price which is determined at the time of the buyout. In these instances, we accelerate any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale.

Revenue from the rental of digital textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is recognized at the point of sale. A software feature is embedded within the content of our digital textbooks, such that upon expiration of the rental term the customer is no longer able to access the content. While the digital rental allows the customer to access digital content for a fixed period of time, once the digital content is delivered to the customer, our performance obligation is complete.

We estimate returns based on an analysis of historical experience. A provision for anticipated merchandise returns is provided through a reduction of sales and cost of goods sold in the period that the related sales are recorded.

For sales and rentals involving third-party products, we evaluate whether we are acting as a principal or an agent. Our determination is based on our evaluation of whether we control the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer. There are significant judgments involved in determining whether we control the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer including whether we have the ability to direct the use of the good or service and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the good or service. For those transactions where we are the principal, we record revenue on a gross basis, and for those transactions where we are an agent to a third-party, we record revenue on a net basis.

We do not have gift card or customer loyalty programs. We do not treat any promotional offers as expenses. Sales tax collected from our customers is excluded from reported revenues. Our payment terms are generally 30 days and do not extend beyond one year.

Service and other revenue

Service and other revenue is primarily derived from DSS segment subscription-based service revenues and partnership marketing services which includes promotional activities and advertisements within our physical bookstores and web properties performed on behalf of third-party customers.

Subscription-based revenue, which contains a single performance obligation, is deferred and recognized based on the passage of time over the subscription period commencing at the point of sale, when control of the service transfers to the customer. The majority of subscriptions sold are one month in duration.

Partnership marketing agreements often include multiple performance obligations which are individually negotiated with our customers. For these arrangements that contain distinct performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price method by comparing the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The revenue is recognized as each performance obligation is satisfied, typically at a point in time for partnership marketing service and overtime for advertising efforts as measured based upon the passage of time for contracts that are based on a stated period of time or the number of impressions delivered for contracts with a fixed number of impressions.

Cost of Sales

Our cost of sales primarily includes costs such as merchandise costs, textbook rental amortization, content development cost amortization, warehouse costs related to inventory management and order fulfillment, insurance, certain payroll costs, and management service agreement costs, including rent expense, related to our college and university contracts and other facility related expenses.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

Our selling and administrative expenses consist primarily of store payroll and store operating expenses. Selling and administrative expenses also include long-term incentive plan compensation expense and general office expenses, such as merchandising, procurement, field support, finance and accounting, and operating costs related to our DSS segment

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

subscription-based services business. Shared-service costs such as human resources, legal, treasury, information technology, and various other corporate level expenses and other governance functions, are not allocated to any specific reporting segment and are recorded in Corporate Services.

Evaluation of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets

As of January 30, 2021, we had $0, $0 and $4,700 of goodwill on our condensed consolidated balance sheet related to our Retail, Wholesale and DSS reporting units, respectively. In accordance with ASC 350-10, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, we complete our annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the third quarter of each fiscal year, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the third quarter of Fiscal 2021. In performing the valuation, we used cash flows that reflected management’s forecasts and discount rates that included risk adjustments consistent with the current market conditions. The fair value of the DSS reporting unit was determined to exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit; therefore, no goodwill impairment was recognized.

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. As of January 30, 2021, our other long-lived assets include property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, amortizable intangibles, and other noncurrent assets of $87,405, $242,937, $155,536, and $27,195, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Our fiscal 2021 results have been significantly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as many schools continued to adjust their learning models and on-campus activities during the Spring semester of fiscal 2021. Many of the trends observed during the Fall semester continued into the Spring semester, as fewer students have returned to campus for the Spring semester, many colleges and universities continued with remote learning models and on-campus classes and activities have been further curtailed, including many big athletic conferences that have been either eliminated or severely restricted. These combined events continue to impact the Company’s course materials and general merchandise business. During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we evaluated certain of our store-level long-lived assets in the Retail segment for impairment. Based on the results of the impairment tests, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27,630, $20,506 after-tax, comprised of $5,085, $13,328, $6,278 and $2,939 of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, amortizable intangibles, and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of the impaired long-lived assets were determined using an income approach (Level 3 input), using the Company’s best estimates of the amount and timing of future discounted cash flows, based on historical experience, market conditions, current trends and performance expectations. For additional information, see Note 8. Fair Value Measurements.

During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recorded an impairment loss (non-cash) of $433 in the Retail segment related to net capitalized development costs for a project which were not recoverable.

Income Taxes

As of January 30, 2021, other long-term liabilities includes $25,748 related to the long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve. The LIFO reserve is impacted by changes in the consumer price index (“CPI”) and is dependent on the inventory levels at the end of our tax year (on or about January 31st) which is in the middle of our second largest selling cycle. At the end of the most recent tax year, inventory levels declined as compared to the prior year resulting in approximately $7,597 of the LIFO reserve becoming currently payable. Given recent trends relating to the pricing and rental of textbooks, management believes that an additional portion of the remaining long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve could be payable within the next twelve months. We are unable to predict future trends for CPI and inventory levels, therefore it is difficult to project with reasonable certainty how much of this liability will become payable within the next twelve months.

Note 3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model for trade receivables with an expected loss model which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate expected credit loss estimates. These changes may result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We adopted this

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

guidance during the first quarter of Fiscal 2021 with no cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The guidance does not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The guidance seeks to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing the following exceptions: 1) exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items, 2) exception to the requirement to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment, 3) exception to the ability not to recognize a deferred tax liability for a foreign subsidiary when a foreign equity method investment becomes a subsidiary and 4) exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. Additionally, the guidance seeks to further simplify the accounting for income taxes by: 1) requiring that an entity recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, 2) requiring that an entity evaluate when a step up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which the book goodwill was originally recognized and when it should be considered a separate transaction, 3) specifying that an entity is not required to allocate the consolidated amount of current and deferred tax expense to a legal entity that is not subject to tax in its separate financial statements (although the entity may elect to do so (on an entity-by-entity basis) for a legal entity that is both not subject to tax and disregarded by the taxing authority), 4) requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date and 5) making minor improvements for income tax accounting related to employee stock ownership plans and investments in qualified affordable housing projects accounted for using the equity method. We adopted ASU 2019-12 during the current quarter (third quarter of fiscal 2021). As a result of adopting this standard, we did not record a cumulative adjustment and there was not a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 4. Revenue

Revenue from sales of our products and services is recognized either at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to our customers or over time as services are provided in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the products or services. See Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information related to our revenue recognition policies and Note 6. Segment Reporting for a description of each segment's product and service offerings.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates the revenue associated with our major product and service offerings:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Retail
Product Sales	$	338,495	$	400,170	$	998,158	$	1,320,587
Rental Income	38,111		48,614		92,568		119,729
Service and Other Revenue (a)	11,063		9,204		32,233		34,097
Retail Total Sales	$	387,669	$	457,988	$	1,122,959	$	1,474,413
Wholesale Sales	$	39,465	$	66,996	$	156,146	$	179,515
DSS Sales (b)	$	7,206	$	6,435	$	19,025	$	17,024
Eliminations (c)	$	(22,727)	$	(29,127)	$	(87,018)	$	(76,775)
Total Sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177

(a)Service and other revenue primarily relates to brand partnerships and other service revenues.

(b)DSS sales primarily relate to direct-to-student subscription-based revenue.

(c)The sales eliminations represent the elimination of Wholesale sales and fulfillment service fees to Retail and the elimination of Retail commissions earned from Wholesale.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets represent the sale of goods or services to a customer before we have the right to obtain consideration from the customer. Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts at the reporting date and are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. Contract assets (unbilled receivables) were $0 as of January 30, 2021, January 25, 2020 and May 2, 2020 on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities represent an obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which we have received consideration and consists of our deferred revenue liability (deferred revenue). Deferred revenue consists of the following:

•advanced payments from customers related to textbook rental and subscription-based performance obligations, which are recognized ratably over the terms of the related rental or subscription periods;

•unsatisfied performance obligations associated with partnership marketing services, which are recognized when the contracted services are provided to our partnership marketing customers; and

•unsatisfied performance obligations associated with the premium paid for the sale of treasury shares, which are expected to be recognized over the term of the merchandising contracts for Fanatics and FLC as discussed in Note 1. Organization - Partnership with Fanatics and FLC and Note 7. Equity and Earnings Per Share - Sale of Treasury Shares.

Deferred revenue of $47,166, $60,708, and $13,373 is recorded in accrued liabilities and $3,956, $0, and $0 is recorded in other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods ended January 30, 2021, January 25, 2020 and May 2, 2020, respectively. As of January 30, 2021, we expect to recognize $47,166 of the deferred revenue balance within the next 12 months. The following table presents changes in contract liabilities:

	39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Deferred revenue at the beginning of period	$	13,373	$	20,418
Additions to deferred revenue during the period	148,777		170,375
Reductions to deferred revenue for revenue recognized during the period	(111,028)		(130,085)
Deferred revenue balance at the end of period	$	51,122	$	60,708

Note 5. Leases

We recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for substantially all lease arrangements as required by FASB ASC 842, Leases (Topic 842). Our portfolio of leases consists of operating leases comprised of operations agreements which grant us the right to operate on-campus bookstores at colleges and universities; real estate leases for office and warehouse operations; and vehicle leases. We do not have finance leases or short-term leases (i.e., those with a term of twelve months or less).

We recognize a right of use ("ROU") asset and lease liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for leases with a term greater than twelve months. Options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the determination of the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised. Our lease terms generally range from one year to fifteen years and a number of agreements contain minimum annual guarantees, many of which are adjusted at the start of each contract year based on the actual sales activity of the leased premises for the most recently completed contract year.

Payment terms are based on the fixed rates explicit in the lease, including minimum annual guarantees, and/or variable rates based on: i) a percentage of revenues or sales arising at the relevant premises ("variable commissions"), and/or ii) operating expenses, such as common area charges, real estate taxes and insurance. For contracts with fixed lease payments, including those with minimum annual guarantees, we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term or over the contract year in order to best reflect the pattern of usage of the underlying leased asset and our minimum obligations arising from these types of leases. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, material restrictions or covenants.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

We used our incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of fixed lease payments based on the information available at the lease commencement date, as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. We utilized an estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate as of the effective date or the commencement date of the lease, whichever is later.

The following table summarizes lease expense:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Variable lease expense	$	27,399	$	23,402	$	62,081	$	54,412
Operating lease expense	28,127		37,188		87,558		137,148
Net lease expense	$	55,526	$	60,590	$	149,639	$	191,560

The decrease in lease expense is primarily due to lower sales for contracts based on a percentage of revenue and the impact of the timing and reduction of minimum contractual guarantees.

The following table summarizes our minimum fixed lease obligations, excluding variable commissions, as of January 30, 2021:

	As of
	January 30, 2021
Remainder of Fiscal 2021	$	84,074
Fiscal 2022	52,998
Fiscal 2023	45,682
Fiscal 2024	37,980
Fiscal 2025	31,605
Thereafter	88,819
Total lease payments	341,158
Less: imputed interest	(45,081)
Operating lease liabilities at period end	$	296,077

Future lease payment obligations related to leases that were entered into, but did not commence as of January 30, 2021, were not material.

The following summarizes additional information related to our operating leases:

	As of
	January 30, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	5.5 years
Weighted average discount rate	4.7		%
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash payments for lease liabilities within operating activities	$	75,851
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities from initial recognition	$	108,873

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Note 6. Segment Reporting

We have three reportable segments: Retail, Wholesale and DSS. Additionally, unallocated shared-service costs, which include various corporate level expenses and other governance functions, continue to be presented as “Corporate Services”.

We identify our segments in accordance with the way our business is managed (focusing on the financial information distributed) and the manner in which our chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses financial performance. The following summarizes the three segments. For additional information about each segment's operations, see Part I - Item 1. Business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Retail

The Retail Segment operates 1,441 college, university, and K-12 school bookstores, comprised of 765 physical bookstores and 676 virtual bookstores. Our bookstores typically operate under agreements with the college, university, or K-12 schools to be the official bookstore and the exclusive seller of course materials and supplies, including physical and digital products. The majority of the physical campus bookstores have school-branded e-commerce sites which we operate and which offer students access to affordable course materials and affinity products, including emblematic apparel and gifts. The Retail Segment also offers inclusive access programs, in which course materials are offered at a reduced price through a fee charged by the institution or included in tuition, and delivered to students on or before the first day of class. Additionally, the Retail Segment offers a suite of digital content and services to colleges and universities, including a variety of open educational resource-based courseware.

Wholesale

The Wholesale Segment is comprised of our wholesale textbook business and is one of the largest textbook wholesalers in the country. The Wholesale Segment centrally sources, sells, and distributes new and used textbooks to approximately 3,300 physical bookstores (including our Retail Segment's 765 physical bookstores) and sources and distributes new and used textbooks to our 676 virtual bookstores. Additionally, the Wholesale Segment sells hardware and a software suite of applications that provides inventory management and point-of-sale solutions to approximately 400 college bookstores.

DSS

The Digital Student Solutions (“DSS”) Segment includes direct-to-student products and services to assist students to study more effectively and improve academic performance. The DSS Segment is comprised of the operations of Student Brands, LLC, a leading direct-to-student subscription-based writing services business, and bartleby®, a direct-to-student subscription-based offering providing textbook solutions, expert questions and answers, writing and tutoring.

Corporate Services represents unallocated shared-service costs which include corporate level expenses and other governance functions, including executive functions, such as accounting, legal, treasury, information technology, and human resources.

Intercompany Eliminations

The eliminations are primarily related to the following intercompany activities:

•The sales eliminations represent the elimination of Wholesale sales and fulfillment service fees to Retail and the elimination of Retail commissions earned from Wholesale, and

•These cost of sales eliminations represent (i) the recognition of intercompany profit for Retail inventory that was purchased from Wholesale in a prior period that was subsequently sold to external customers during the current period and the elimination of Wholesale service fees charged for fulfillment of inventory for virtual store sales, net of (ii) the elimination of intercompany profit for Wholesale inventory purchases by Retail that remain in ending inventory at the end of the current period.

Our international operations are not material and the majority of the revenue and total assets are within the United States.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Summarized financial information for our reportable segments is reported below:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Sales:
Retail	$	387,669	$	457,988	$	1,122,959	$	1,474,413
Wholesale	39,465		66,996		156,146		179,515
DSS	7,206		6,435		19,025		17,024
Elimination	(22,727)		(29,127)		(87,018)		(76,775)
Total Sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177
Gross Profit
Retail	$	53,523	$	99,790	$	165,170	$	322,869
Wholesale	10,658		14,235		38,129		41,688
DSS	5,882		5,283		15,290		13,838
Elimination	549		(773)		(1,830)		(1,253)
Total Gross Profit	$	70,612	$	118,535	$	216,759	$	377,142
Depreciation and Amortization
Retail	$	9,806	$	11,699	$	30,361	$	35,372
Wholesale	1,614		1,483		4,231		4,531
DSS	1,863		1,904		5,883		6,543
Corporate Services	24		31		88		96
Total Depreciation and Amortization	$	13,307	$	15,117	$	40,563	$	46,542
Operating (Loss) Income
Retail	$	(59,996)	$	(3,747)	$	(107,740)	$	11,478
Wholesale	4,708		8,440		21,625		23,493
DSS	(2,567)		(1,608)		(6,218)		(6,420)
Corporate Services	(7,451)		(5,412)		(22,847)		(17,832)
Elimination	604		(644)		(1,704)		(1,071)
Total Operating (Loss) Income	$	(64,702)	$	(2,971)	$	(116,884)	$	9,648

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
The following is a reconciliation of segment Operating (Loss) Income to consolidated (Loss) Income Before Income Taxes:
Total Operating (Loss) Income	$	(64,702)	$	(2,971)	$	(116,884)	$	9,648
Interest Expense, net	2,311		1,904		5,876		5,882
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes	$	(67,013)	$	(4,875)	$	(122,760)	$	3,766

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27,630, $20,506 after-tax, in the Retail segment on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For additional information, see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Note 7. Equity and Earnings Per Share

Equity

Share Repurchases

On December 14, 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $50,000, in the aggregate, of our outstanding Common Stock. The stock repurchase program is carried out at the direction of management (which may include a plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). The stock repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, or modified at any time. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we did not repurchase shares of our Common Stock under the program and as of January 30, 2021, approximately $26,669 remains available under the stock repurchase program.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we repurchased 414,174 shares of our Common Stock outside of the stock repurchase program in connection with employee tax withholding obligations for vested stock awards.

Sale of Treasury Shares

In December 2020, we entered into a new merchandising partnership with Fanatics and FLC which included a strategic equity investment in the Company. Fanatics, Inc. and Lids Holdings, Inc. jointly purchased an aggregate 2,307,692 of our common shares (issued from treasury shares) for $15,000, representing a share price of $6.50 per share. The premium price paid above the fair market value of our common stock at closing was approximately $4,131 and was recorded as a contract liability ($175 in accrued liabilities and $3,956 in other long-term liabilities our condensed consolidated balance sheet) which is expected to be recognized over the term of the merchandising contracts for Fanatics and FLC, as discussed in Note 1. Organization - Partnership with Fanatics and FLC. We expect to use these proceeds for general corporate purposes.

Earnings Per Share

Basic EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year plus the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents using the treasury stock method and the average market price of our common stock for the year. We include participating securities (unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents) in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. Our participating securities consist solely of unvested restricted stock awards, which have contractual participation rights equivalent to those of stockholders of unrestricted common stock. The two-class method of computing earnings per share is an allocation method that calculates earnings per share for common stock and participating securities. During periods of net loss, no effect is given to the participating securities because they do not share in the losses of the Company. During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, average shares of 4,005,236 and 3,682,169 were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as their inclusion would have been antidilutive, respectively. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, average shares of 3,234,606 and 1,348,949 were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as their inclusion would have been antidilutive, respectively.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
(shares in thousands)	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Numerator for basic earnings per share:
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
Less allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		(1)
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Numerator for diluted earnings per share:
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		1
Less diluted allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		(1)
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Basic weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		47,911
Denominator for diluted earnings per share:
Basic weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		47,911
Average dilutive restricted stock units	—		—		—		403
Average dilutive performance shares	—		—		—		9
Average dilutive restricted shares	—		—		—		12
Average dilutive performance share units	—		—		—		432
Average dilutive stock options	—		—		—		—
Diluted weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		48,767
(Loss) Earnings per share of Common Stock:
Basic	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04
Diluted	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04

Note 8. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, the fair value of an asset is considered to be the price at which the asset could be sold in an orderly transaction between unrelated knowledgeable and willing parties. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices in active markets

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable

Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring us to develop our own assumptions

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accrued liabilities and accounts payable. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accrued liabilities and accounts payable approximates their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments, which are all considered Level 1. The fair value of short-term and long-term debt approximates its carrying value.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Non-Financial Assets and Liabilities

Our non-financial assets include goodwill, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and intangible assets. Such assets are reported at their carrying values and are not subject to recurring fair value measurements. We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we evaluated certain of our store-level long-lived assets in the Retail segment for impairment. Based on the results of the impairment tests, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27,630, $20,506 after-tax, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For additional information, see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The fair value of the impaired long-lived assets were determined using an income approach (Level 3 input), using our best estimates of the amount and timing of future discounted cash flows, based on historical experience, market conditions, current trends and performance expectations. The following table shows the fair values of our non-financial assets and liabilities that were required to be remeasured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, and the total impairments recorded as a result of the remeasurement process:

	13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021						39 weeks ended January 25, 2020
	Carrying Value Prior to Impairment		Fair Value		Impairment Loss (non-cash)		Carrying Value Prior to Impairment		Fair Value		Impairment Loss (non-cash)
Receivables, net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	245	$	—	$	245
Property and equipment, net	5,505		420		5,085		300		—		300
Operating lease right-of-use assets	26,427		13,099		13,328		—		—		—
Intangible assets, net	7,723		1,445		6,278		—		—		—
Other noncurrent assets	3,539		600		2,939		—		—		—
Accrued liabilities	—		—		—		(112)		—		(112)
Total	$	43,194	$	15,564	$	27,630	$	433	$	—	$	433

Non-Financial Liabilities

We granted phantom share units as long-term incentive awards which are settled in cash based on the fair market value of a share of common stock of the Company at each vesting date. The fair value of the liability for the cash-settled phantom share unit awards will be remeasured at the end of each reporting period through settlement to reflect current risk-free rate and volatility assumptions. As of January 30, 2021, we recorded a liability of $1,729 (Level 2 input) which is reflected in accrued liabilities ($1,093) and other long-term liabilities ($636) on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For additional information, see Note 12. Long-Term Incentive Plan Compensation Expense.

Note 9. Credit Facility

We have a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), amended March 1, 2019, under which the lenders committed to provide us with a 5-year asset-backed revolving credit facility in an aggregate committed principal amount of $400,000 (the “Credit Facility”) effective from the date of the amendment. We have the option to request an increase in commitments under the Credit Facility of up to $100,000, subject to certain restrictions. Proceeds from the Credit Facility are used for general corporate purposes, including seasonal working capital needs. The agreement includes an incremental first in, last out seasonal loan facility (the “FILO Facility”) for a $100,000 incremental facility maintaining the maximum availability under the Credit Agreement at $500,000.

For additional information including interest terms and covenant requirements related to the Credit Facility, refer to Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we borrowed $547,600 and repaid $571,500 under the Credit Agreement, with $150,800 of outstanding borrowings as of January 30, 3021, comprised entirely of borrowings under the Credit Facility. During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we borrowed $383,400 and repaid $451,000 under the Credit Agreement, with

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

$65,900 of outstanding borrowings as of January 25,2020, comprised entirely of borrowings under the Credit Facility. As of both January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, we have issued $4,759 in letters of credit under the Credit Facility.

Note 10. Supplementary Information

Impairment Loss (non-cash)

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we evaluated certain of our store-level long-lived assets in the Retail segment for impairment. Based on the results of the impairment tests, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27,630, $20,506 after-tax, comprised of $5,085, $13,328, $6,278 and $2,939 of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, amortizable intangibles, and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For additional information, see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8. Fair Value Measurements.

During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $433 in the Retail segment related to net capitalized development costs for a project which were not recoverable.

Restructuring and other charges

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we recognized restructuring and other charges totaling $1,669 and $10,727, respectively, comprised primarily of $1,285 and $5,756, respectively, for severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives ($4,660 is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of January 30, 2021), $172 and $4,644, respectively, for professional service costs related to restructuring, process improvements, the financial advisor strategic review process, costs related to development and integration associated with the Fanatics and FLC partnership agreements and shareholder activist activities, and $212 and $327, respectively, related to liabilities for a facility closure.

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recognized restructuring and other charges totaling $205 and $3,240, respectively, comprised primarily of $0 and $791, respectively, for severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with several management changes and the elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives, and $205 and $2,249, respectively, for professional service costs related to restructuring, process improvements, and shareholder activities.

Note 11. Employee Benefit Plans

We sponsor defined contribution plans for the benefit of substantially all of the employees of BNC and DSS. MBS maintains a profit sharing plan covering substantially all full-time employees of MBS. For all plans, we are responsible to fund the employer contributions directly. Total employee benefit expense for these plans was $0 and $844 during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, respectively. Total employee benefit expense for these plans was $0 and $2,683 during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, respectively.

Effective April 2020, due to the significant impact as a result of COVID-19 related campus store closures, we have temporarily suspended employer matching contributions into our 401(k) plans through the end of Fiscal 2021.

Note 12. Long-Term Incentive Plan Compensation Expense

We recognize compensation expense for restricted stock awards and performance share awards ratably over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally three years. We recognize compensation expense for these awards based on the number of awards expected to vest, which includes an estimated average forfeiture rate. We calculate the fair value of these awards based on the closing stock price on the date the award was granted. For those awards with market conditions, we have determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model and compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

For stock options granted with an "at market" exercise price, we determined the grant fair value using the Black-Scholes model and for stock options granted with "a premium" exercise price, we determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value models for stock options use assumptions that include the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield and expected term of the options.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we granted the following awards:

•243,905 restricted stock units ("RSU") awards and 146,343 restricted stock ("RS") awards with a one year vesting period to the Board of Directors ("BOD") members for annual compensation.

•1,250,518 stock options with an exercise price of $2.46 per stock option, which was the fair market value on the date of grant (Stock Option Grant #1) and 1,250,518 stock options with an exercise price of $5.00 per stock option (Stock Option Grant #2) granted to employees. The stock options are exercisable in four equal annual installments commencing one year after the date of grant and have a ten year term. Holders are not entitled to receive dividends (if any) prior to vesting and exercise of the options. The following summarizes the stock option fair value assumptions:

	Stock Option Grant #1			Stock Option Grant #2
Exercise Price	$	2.46		$	5.00
Valuation method utilized	Black-Scholes			Monte Carlo
Risk-free interest rate	0.27		%	0.68		%
Expected option term	6.2 years			10.0 years
Company volatility	73		%	73		%
Dividend yield	—		%	—		%
Grant date fair value per award	$	1.58		$	1.28

The risk-free interest rate is based on United States Treasury yields in effect at the date of grant for periods corresponding to the expected stock option term. For Stock Option Grant #1, we are permitted to use the simplified approach to estimate the expected term of the stock options, which typically assumes exercise occurs at the mid-point between the end of the vesting period and the expiration date. The simplified approach is not allowed for premium-priced options (Stock Option Grant #2), which were estimated using a stock price multiple, as there is no option exercise history which to base an early exercise option. The expected stock option term represents the weighted average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based on vesting schedules and the contractual term of the stock options. Volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over a period of time corresponding to the expected stock option term.

•2,345,528 phantom share units granted to employees. Each phantom share represents the economic equivalent to one share of the Company's common stock and will be settled in cash based on the fair market value of a share of common stock at each vesting date in an amount not to exceed $7.38 per share. The phantom shares vest and will be settled in three equal installments commencing one year after the date of grant. The fair value of the phantom shares was determined using the closing stock price on the date of the award less the fair value of the call option which was estimated using the Black-Scholes model. The average fair value on the date of grant was $1.88 per phantom share using risk-free rates ranging from 0.12%-0.15% for the three tranches and annual volatility ranging from 86%-114% for the three tranches. The fair value of the liability for the cash-settled phantom share unit awards will be remeasured at the end of each reporting period through settlement to reflect current risk-free rate and volatility assumptions. As of January 30, 2021, we recorded a liability of $1,729 (Level 2 input) which is reflected in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020

(Thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

We recognized compensation expense for long-term incentive plan awards in selling and administrative expenses as follows:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Stock-based awards
Restricted stock expense	$	88	$	30	$	138	$	90
Restricted stock units expense	786		1,515		3,121		5,227
Performance shares expense	—		—		—		12
Performance share units expense	12		274		217		671
Stock option expense	270		—		381		—
Sub-total stock-based awards:	$	1,156	$	1,819	$	3,857	$	6,000
Cash settled awards
Phantom share units expense	$	1,505	$	—	$	1,729	$	—
Total compensation expense for long-term incentive awards	$	2,661	$	1,819	$	5,586	$	6,000

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards as of January 30, 2021 was $12,318 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

Note 13. Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(18,724) on a pre-tax loss of $(67,013) during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, which represented an effective income tax rate of 27.9% and income tax benefit of $(3,182) on a pre-tax loss of $(4,875) during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020, which represented an effective income tax rate of 65.3%.

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(35,334) on a pre-tax loss of $(122,760) during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, which represented an effective income tax rate of 28.8% and income tax expense of $1,683 on pre-tax income of $3,766 during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, which represented an effective income tax rate of 44.7%.

The effective tax rate for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 is lower as compared to the prior year comparable period due to permanent differences.

Note 14. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business, including actions with respect to contracts, intellectual property, taxation, employment, benefits, personal injuries and other matters. The results of these proceedings in the ordinary course of business are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Between January 22, 2020 and June 15, 2020, thirteen purported class action complaints were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against the Company, along with several publishers, another collegiate bookstore retailer, and an industry association. The plaintiffs are retailers of collegiate course materials or current or former college students. Although the specific allegations vary, the plaintiffs generally claim, on their own behalf and on behalf of the purported classes, that the Company and the other defendants violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 1), Section 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 2), Section 13(a) of the Robinson-Patman Act (15 U.S.C. §13(a)), and various state antitrust and unfair trade practices laws for alleged activities in connection with inclusive access and the sale of course materials to universities and their students. The United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation has consolidated these and other related cases in a consolidated proceeding before the Hon. Denise L. Cote of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. On October 16, 2020, three named student plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Amended Complaint, as did the retailer plaintiffs. We intend to vigorously defend this matter and are currently unable to estimate any potential losses.

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Item 2:    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise indicates, references to “we,” “us,” “our” and “the Company” refer to Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. or “BNED”, a Delaware corporation. References to “Barnes & Noble College” or “BNC” refer to our subsidiary Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC. References to “MBS” refer to our subsidiary MBS Textbook Exchange, LLC. References to “Student Brands” refer to our subsidiary Student Brands, LLC.

Overview

Description of Business

Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (“BNED”) is one of the largest contract operators of physical and virtual bookstores for college and university campuses and K-12 institutions across the United States. We are also one of the largest textbook wholesalers, inventory management hardware and software providers, and a leading provider of digital education solutions. We operate 1,441 physical, virtual, and custom bookstores and serve more than 6 million students, delivering essential educational content and tools within a dynamic omnichannel retail environment. Additionally, we offer direct-to-student products and services to help students study more effectively and improve academic performance.

The strengths of our business include our ability to compete by developing new products and solutions to meet market needs, our large operating footprint with direct access to students and faculty, our well-established, deep relationships with academic partners and stable, long-term contracts and our well-recognized brands. We expect to continue to introduce scalable and advanced digital solutions focused largely on the student, expand our e-commerce capabilities, increase market share with new accounts, and expand our strategic opportunities through acquisitions and partnerships. We expect general merchandise sales to continue to increase over the long term, as our product assortments continue to emphasize and reflect the changing consumer trends, and we evolve our presentation concepts and merchandising of products in stores and online, as we improve our e-commerce capabilities through investments we are making in new systems, processes and people.

We believe the BNC and MBS brands are synonymous with innovation in bookselling and campus retail, and are widely recognized and respected brands in the United States. Our large college footprint, reputation, and credibility in the marketplace not only support our marketing efforts to universities, students, and faculty, but are also important for leading publishers who rely on us as one of their primary distribution channels, and for being a trusted source for students in our direct-to-student digital solutions business.

For additional information related to our business, see Part I - Item 1. Business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Partnership with Fanatics and FLC

In December 2020, we entered into a new merchandising partnership with Fanatics Retail Group Fulfillment, LLC, Inc. ('Fanatics") and Fanatics Lids College, Inc. ("FLC"). Through this partnership, we will receive unparalleled product assortment, e-commerce capabilities and powerful digital marketing tools to drive increased value for customers and accelerate growth of our high margin general merchandise business. Fanatics’ cutting-edge e-commerce and technology expertise will offer our campus stores expanded product selection, a world-class online and mobile experience, and a progressive direct-to-consumer platform. Coupled with FLC, the leading standalone brick and mortar retailer focused exclusively on licensed fan and alumni products, our campus stores will have improved access to trend and sales performance data on licensees, product styles, and design treatments. FLC has agreed to purchase our logo and emblematic general merchandise inventory, which we expect to be finalized during our fiscal 2021 fourth quarter.

We will maintain our relationships with campus partners and remain responsible for staffing and managing the day-to-day operations of our campus bookstores. We will also work closely with our campus partners to ensure that each campus store will maintain unique aspects of in-store merchandising, including localized product assortments and specific styles and designs that reflect each campus’s brand. We will leverage Fanatics’ e-commerce technology and expertise for the operational management of the emblematic merchandise and gift sections of our campus store websites. FLC will manage in-store assortment planning and merchandising of emblematic apparel, headwear, and gift products for our partner campus stores. We expect to go live with this partnership beginning in the second calendar quarter of 2021.

Additionally, Fanatics, Inc. and Lids Holdings, Inc. jointly made a $15,000 strategic equity investment in BNED and received 2,307,692 common shares of BNED in exchange. We expect to use these proceeds for general corporate purposes. For additional information, see Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 7. Equity and Earnings Per Share.

Wolfram|Alpha Agreement

In December 2020, we entered into an agreement with Wolfram|Alpha to develop a math solver as a new feature in our bartleby suite of homework help and learning solutions. Powered by Wolfram|Alpha’s best-in-class computation engine, the

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math solver will allow students to access an interactive digital calculator that provides real-time, step-by-step explanations for even the most advanced math problems.

COVID-19 Business Impact

Our business experienced an unprecedented and significant impact as a result of COVID-19 related campus store closures. Beginning in March 2020, colleges and universities nationwide began to close their campuses in light of safety concerns and as a result of local and state issued stay-at-home orders. By mid-March, during our fiscal 2020 fourth quarter, we closed the majority of our physical campus stores to protect the health and safety of our customers and employees.

While our campus stores were closed, we continued to serve institutions and students through our campus websites, providing free shipping on all orders and an expanded digital content offering to provide immediate access to course materials to students at our campuses that closed due to COVID-19. We developed and implemented plans to safely reopen our campus stores based on national, state and local guidelines, as well as the campus policies set by the school administration. Colleges and universities in the United States continue to adjust their plans for each academic term, with some implementing shortened semesters or choosing to remain fully virtual in order to best protect students and faculty. As many schools adjusted their learning model and curtailed on-campus activities in response to the pandemic, our flexible offerings ensured that students were equipped with their course materials regardless of whether schools resumed classes on campus, remotely or via a hybrid learning model.

Our fiscal 2021 results have been significantly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as many schools continued to adjust their learning model and on-campus activities in response to the pandemic. Fewer students have returned to campus, as many schools implemented a remote learning model and curtailed on-campus classes and activities. While many big athletic conferences resumed their sport activities, fan attendance at the games was either eliminated or severely restricted, which further impacted the company’s high-margin general merchandise business. Additionally, sales were impacted by overall enrollment declines in higher education. See Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Evaluation of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets related to the impairment loss (non-cash) recognized during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 3021.

The COVID-19 impact on higher education remains a fluid situation, and we are committed to supporting our campus partners through our flexible offerings and our ability to quickly pivot to ensure uninterrupted service as institutions manage the safety of their campuses. There is still uncertainty about the duration and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. If economic conditions caused by the pandemic do not recover as currently estimated by management or market factors currently in place change, there could be a further impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows from operations.

Segments

We have three reportable segments: Retail, Wholesale and DSS. Additionally, unallocated shared-service costs, which include various corporate level expenses and other governance functions, continue to be presented as “Corporate Services”.

We identify our segments in accordance with the way our business is managed (focusing on the financial information distributed) and the manner in which our chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses financial performance. The following summarizes the three segments. For additional information about each segment's operations, see Part I - Item 1. Business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Retail Segment

The Retail Segment operates 1,441 college, university, and K-12 school bookstores, comprised of 765 physical bookstores and 676 virtual bookstores. Our bookstores typically operate under agreements with the college, university, or K-12 schools to be the official bookstore and the exclusive seller of course materials and supplies, including physical and digital products. The majority of the physical campus bookstores have school-branded e-commerce sites which we operate and which offer students access to affordable course materials and affinity products, including emblematic apparel and gifts. The Retail Segment also offers inclusive access programs, in which course materials are offered at a reduced price through a fee charged by the institution or included in tuition, and delivered to students on or before the first day of class. Additionally, the Retail Segment offers a suite of digital content and services to colleges and universities, including a variety of open educational resource-based courseware.

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Wholesale Segment

The Wholesale Segment is comprised of our wholesale textbook business and is one of the largest textbook wholesalers in the country. The Wholesale Segment centrally sources, sells, and distributes new and used textbooks to approximately 3,300 physical bookstores (including our Retail Segment's 765 physical bookstores) and sources and distributes new and used textbooks to our 676 virtual bookstores. Additionally, the Wholesale Segment sells hardware and a software suite of applications that provides inventory management and point-of-sale solutions to approximately 400 college bookstores.

DSS Segment

The Digital Student Solutions (“DSS”) Segment includes direct-to-student products and services to assist students to study more effectively and improve academic performance. The DSS Segment is comprised of the operations of Student Brands, LLC, a leading direct-to-student subscription-based writing services business, and bartleby®, a direct-to-student subscription-based offering providing textbook solutions, expert questions and answers, writing and tutoring.

Corporate Services represents unallocated shared-service costs which include corporate level expenses and other governance functions, including executive functions, such as accounting, legal, treasury, information technology, and human resources.

Seasonality

Our business is highly seasonal. Our quarterly results also may fluctuate depending on the timing of the start of the various schools' semesters, as well as shifts in our fiscal calendar dates. These shifts in timing may affect the comparability of our results across periods. Our fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April.

For our retail operations, sales are generally highest in the second and third fiscal quarters, when students generally purchase and rent textbooks and other course materials, and lowest in the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Sales attributable to our wholesale business are generally highest in our first, second and third quarter, as it sells textbooks and other course materials for retail distribution. For our DSS segment, or direct-to-student business, sales and operating profit are realized relatively consistently throughout the year.

Trends, Competition and Other Business Conditions Affecting Our Business

The market for educational materials is undergoing unprecedented change. As tuition and other costs rise, colleges and universities face increasing pressure to attract and retain students and provide them with innovative, affordable educational content and tools that support their educational development. Current trends, competition and other factors affecting our business include:

•Overall Economic Environment, College Enrollment and Consumer Spending Patterns. Our business is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall economic environment, funding levels at colleges and universities, by changes in enrollments at colleges and universities, and spending on course materials and general merchandise.

•Impact of COVID-19: The COVID-19 pandemic has materially and adversely impacted certain segments of the U.S. economy, with legislative and regulatory responses including unprecedented monetary and fiscal policy actions across all sectors, and there is significant uncertainty as to timing of stabilization and recovery, including the ability to gain adequate herd-immunity levels through vaccine programs and their resilience to future virus variants. Many colleges and K-12 schools have been required to cease in-person classes in an attempt to limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and ensure the safety of their students. Although many institutions have reopened, academic institutions are considering alternatives to traditional in-person instruction, including on-line learning and significantly reduced classroom size. Additionally, many big athletic conferences resumed their sport activities, fan attendance at the games was either eliminated or severely restricted, which further impacted the company’s high-margin general merchandise business.

•Economic Environment: Retail general merchandise sales are subject to short-term fluctuations driven by the broader retail environment.

•Enrollment Trends: The growth of our business depends on our ability to attract new customers and to increase the level of engagement by our current student customers. We continue to see downward enrollment trends and shrinking resources from state and federal government for colleges and universities. Enrollment trends, specifically at community colleges, generally correlate with changes in the economy and unemployment factors, e.g. low unemployment tends to lead to low enrollment and higher unemployment rates tend to lead to higher enrollment trends, as students generally enroll to obtain skills that are in demand in the workforce. Enrollment trends have been negatively impacted overall by COVID-19 concerns at physical campuses. A significant reduction in U.S. economic activity and increased unemployment could lead to decreased enrollment and consumer spending. Additionally, enrollment trends are impacted by the dip in the United States birth rate resulting in fewer students at the traditional

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18-24 year-old college age. Online degree program enrollments continue to grow, even in the face of declining overall higher education enrollment.

•Increased Use of Online and Digital Platforms as Companions or Alternatives to Printed Course Materials. Students and faculty can now choose from a wider variety of educational content and tools than ever before, delivered across both print and digital platforms.

•Distribution Network Evolving. The way course materials are distributed and consumed is changing significantly, a trend that is expected to continue. The market for course materials, including textbooks and supplemental materials, is intensely competitive and subject to rapid change.

•Disintermediation. We are experiencing growing competition from alternative media and alternative sources of textbooks and other course materials. In addition to the official physical or virtual campus bookstore, course materials are also sold through off-campus bookstores, e-commerce outlets, digital platform companies, publishers, including Cengage, Pearson and McGraw Hill, bypassing the bookstore distribution channel by selling or renting directly to students and educational institutions, and student-to-student transactions over the Internet.

•Supply Chain and Inventory. Since the demand for used textbooks has historically been greater than the available supply, our financial results are highly dependent upon Wholesale’s ability to build its textbook inventory from suppliers in advance of the selling season. Recently, the impact of fewer students on campus due to COVID-19 has significantly impacted our on-campus buyback programs which supplies Wholesale’s used textbook inventory for future selling periods. Some textbook publishers have begun to supply textbooks pursuant to consignment or rental programs which could impact used textbook supplies in the future. Additionally, Wholesale is a national distributor for rental textbooks offered through McGraw-Hill Education's and Pearson Education’s consignment rental program, both of which are relatively nascent.

•Price Competition. In addition to the competition in the services we provide to our customers, our textbook and other course materials business faces significant price competition. Students purchase textbooks and other course materials from multiple providers, are highly price sensitive, and can easily shift spending from one provider or format to another.

•A Large Number of Traditional Campus Bookstores Have Yet to be Outsourced.

•Outsourcing Trends. We continue to see the trend towards outsourcing in the campus bookstore market and also continue to see a variety of business models being pursued for the provision of course materials (such as inclusive access programs and publisher subscription models) and general merchandise.

•New and Existing Bookstore Contracts. We expect awards of new accounts resulting in new physical and virtual store openings will continue to be an important driver of future growth in our business. We also expect that certain less profitable or essential bookstores we operate may close. Such stores could be included in contracts for stores we operate that may be deemed non-essential; and such stores could be operated by others or independently by schools. The scope of any such store closures remains uncertain, although we are not aware, at this time, of any significant volume of stores which we operate that are likely to close or have informed us of upcoming closures.

For additional discussion of our trends and other factors affecting our business, see Part I - Item 1. Business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 2, 2020.

Elements of Results of Operations

Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

Our sales are primarily derived from the sale of course materials, which include new, used and digital textbooks, and at college and university bookstores which we operate, we sell high margin general merchandise, including emblematic apparel and gifts, trade books, computer products, school and dorm supplies, convenience and café items and graduation products. Our rental income is primarily derived from the rental of physical textbooks. We also derive revenue from other sources, such as sales of inventory management, hardware and point-of-sale software, direct-to-student subscription-based services, and other services.

Our cost of sales primarily includes costs such as merchandise costs, textbook rental amortization, content development cost amortization, warehouse costs related to inventory management and order fulfillment, insurance, certain payroll costs, and management service agreement costs, including rent expense, related to our college and university contracts and other facility related expenses.

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Our selling and administrative expenses consist primarily of store payroll and store operating expenses. Selling and administrative expenses also include long-term incentive plan compensation expense and general office expenses, such as merchandising, procurement, field support, finance and accounting, and operating costs related to our direct-to-student subscription-based services business. Shared-service costs such as human resources, legal, treasury, information technology, and various other corporate level expenses and other governance functions, are not allocated to any specific reporting segment and are recorded in Corporate Services as discussed in the Overview - Segments discussion above.

Results of Operations - Summary

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Sales:
Product sales and other	$	373,502	$	453,678	$	1,118,544	$	1,474,448
Rental income	38,111		48,614		92,568		119,729
Total sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177
Net (loss) income	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP) (a)	$	(25,572)	$	(748)	$	(56,213)	$	7,011
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) (a)
Retail	$	(22,222)	$	8,140	$	(44,538)	$	49,220
Wholesale	6,322		9,923		25,856		28,024
DSS	1,005		1,150		3,358		2,492
Corporate Services	(6,491)		(5,154)		(17,236)		(15,829)
Elimination	604		(644)		(1,704)		(1,071)
Total Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)	$	(20,782)	$	13,415	$	(34,264)	$	62,836

(a)Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. See Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP) and Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) discussion below.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage relationship that certain items bear to total sales:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Sales:
Product sales and other	90.7	%	90.3	%	92.4	%	92.5	%
Rental income	9.3		9.7		7.6		7.5
Total sales	100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0
Cost of sales:
Product and other cost of sales (a)	84.5		78.2		83.5		77.8
Rental cost of sales (a)	66.6		59.2		65.4		59.0
Total cost of sales	82.8		76.4		82.1		76.3
Gross margin	17.2		23.6		17.9		23.7
Selling and administrative expenses	22.5		21.1		21.0		19.9
Depreciation and amortization expense	3.2		3.0		3.3		2.9
Impairment loss (non-cash)	6.7		—		2.3		—
Restructuring and other charges	0.4		—		0.9		0.2
Operating (loss) income	(15.6)	%	(0.5)	%	(9.6)	%	0.7	%

(a)Represents the percentage these costs bear to the related sales, instead of total sales.

27

Results of Operations - 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 compared with the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020

	13 weeks ended, January 30, 2021
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Eliminations		Total
Sales:
Product sales and other	$	349,558	$	39,465	$	7,206	$	—	$	(22,727)	$	373,502
Rental income	38,111		—		—		—		—		38,111
Total sales	387,669		39,465		7,206		—		(22,727)		411,613
Cost of sales:
Product and other cost of sales	308,752		28,807		1,324		—		(23,276)		315,607
Rental cost of sales	25,394		—		—		—		—		25,394
Total cost of sales	334,146		28,807		1,324		—		(23,276)		341,001
Gross profit	53,523		10,658		5,882		—		549		70,612
Selling and administrative expenses	75,921		4,336		6,015		6,491		(55)		92,708
Depreciation and amortization expense	9,806		1,614		1,863		24		—		13,307
Sub-Total:	$	(32,204)	$	4,708	$	(1,996)	$	(6,515)	$	604	(35,403)
Impairment loss (non-cash)											27,630
Restructuring and other charges											1,669
Operating loss											$	(64,702)

	13 weeks ended, January 25, 2020
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Eliminations		Total
Sales:
Product sales and other	$	409,374	$	66,996	$	6,435	$	—	$	(29,127)	$	453,678
Rental income	48,614		—		—		—		—		48,614
Total sales	457,988		66,996		6,435		—		(29,127)		502,292
Cost of sales:
Product and other cost of sales	329,440		52,761		1,152		—		(28,354)		354,999
Rental cost of sales	28,758		—		—		—		—		28,758
Total cost of sales	358,198		52,761		1,152		—		(28,354)		383,757
Gross profit	99,790		14,235		5,283		—		(773)		118,535
Selling and administrative expenses	91,860		4,312		4,987		5,154		(129)		106,184
Depreciation and amortization expense	11,699		1,483		1,904		31		—		15,117
Sub-Total:	$	(3,769)	$	8,440	$	(1,608)	$	(5,185)	$	(644)	(2,766)
Restructuring and other charges											205
Operating loss											$	(2,971)

28

	39 weeks ended, January 30, 2021
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Eliminations		Total
Sales:
Product sales and other	$	1,030,391	$	156,146	$	19,025	$	—	$	(87,018)	$	1,118,544
Rental income	92,568		—		—		—		—		92,568
Total sales	1,122,959		156,146		19,025		—		(87,018)		1,211,112
Cost of sales:
Product and other cost of sales	897,283		118,017		3,735		—		(85,188)		933,847
Rental cost of sales	60,506		—		—		—		—		60,506
Total cost of sales	957,789		118,017		3,735		—		(85,188)		994,353
Gross profit	165,170		38,129		15,290		—		(1,830)		216,759
Selling and administrative expenses	210,286		12,273		15,054		17,236		(126)		254,723
Depreciation and amortization expense	30,361		4,231		5,883		88		—		40,563
Sub-Total:	$	(75,477)	$	21,625	$	(5,647)	$	(17,324)	$	(1,704)	(78,527)
Impairment loss (non-cash)											27,630
Restructuring and other charges											10,727
Operating loss											$	(116,884)

	39 weeks ended, January 25, 2020
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Eliminations		Total
Sales:
Product sales and other	$	1,354,684	$	179,515	$	17,024	$	—	$	(76,775)	$	1,474,448
Rental income	119,729		—		—		—		—		119,729
Total sales	1,474,413		179,515		17,024		—		(76,775)		1,594,177
Cost of sales:
Product and other cost of sales	1,080,909		137,827		3,186		—		(75,522)		1,146,400
Rental cost of sales	70,635		—		—		—		—		70,635
Total cost of sales	1,151,544		137,827		3,186		—		(75,522)		1,217,035
Gross profit	322,869		41,688		13,838		—		(1,253)		377,142
Selling and administrative expenses	274,253		13,664		13,715		15,829		(182)		317,279
Depreciation and amortization expense	35,372		4,531		6,543		96		—		46,542
Sub-Total:	$	13,244	$	23,493	$	(6,420)	$	(15,925)	$	(1,071)	13,321
Impairment loss (non-cash)											433
Restructuring and other charges											3,240
Operating income											$	9,648

Sales

The following table summarizes our sales for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020:

	13 weeks ended					39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		%	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		%
Product sales and other	$	373,502	$	453,678	(17.7)%	$	1,118,544	$	1,474,448	(24.1)%
Rental income	38,111		48,614		(21.6)%	92,568		119,729		(22.7)%
Total Sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	(18.1)%	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177	(24.0)%

29

Sales decreased by $90.7 million, or 18.1%, to $411.6 million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $502.3 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

Sales decreased by $383.1 million, or 24.0%, to $1,211.1 million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $1,594.2 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

The sales decrease is primarily related to the impact from temporary store closings related to COVID-19, as well as lower in store foot traffic, lower enrollments and fewer on-campus events due to COVID-19.

The components of the variances for the 13 and 39 week periods are reflected in the table below.

Sales variances	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
Dollars in millions	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Retail Sales
New stores	$	17.3	$	16.3	$	52.7	$	61.9
Closed stores	(8.3)		(18.1)		(32.2)		(50.8)
Comparable stores (a)	(83.3)		(37.9)		(384.0)		(99.0)
Textbook rental deferral	1.6		0.7		11.7		3.0
Service revenue (b)	1.8		(1.4)		(1.9)		(3.9)
Other (c)	0.6		0.3		2.2		(5.9)
Retail sales subtotal:	$	(70.3)	$	(40.1)	$	(351.5)	$	(94.7)
Wholesale Sales	$	(27.5)	$	(11.5)	$	(23.4)	$	(29.8)
DSS Sales	$	0.8	$	1.2	$	2.0	$	1.2
Eliminations (d)	$	6.3	$	4.7	$	(10.2)	$	17.2
Total sales variance:	$	(90.7)	$	(45.7)	$	(383.1)	$	(106.1)

(a)    Comparable store sales includes sales from physical stores that have been open for an entire fiscal year period and virtual store sales for the period, does not include sales from closed stores for all periods presented, and digital agency sales are included on a gross basis.

(b)    Service revenue includes Promoversity, brand partnerships, shipping and handling, digital content, software, services, and revenue from other programs.

(c)    Other includes inventory liquidation sales to third parties, marketplace sales and certain accounting adjusting items related to return reserves, and other deferred items.

(d)    Eliminates Wholesale sales and service fees to Retail and Retail commissions earned from Wholesale. See discussion of intercompany activities and eliminations below.

Retail

Retail sales decreased by $70.3 million, or 15.4%, to $387.7 million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $458.0 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Retail sales decreased by $351.5 million, or 23.8%, to $1,123.0 million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $1,474.4 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Retail added 88 new stores and closed 66 stores (not including temporary store closings due to COVID-19) during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, ending the period with a total of 1,441 stores.

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Number of Stores:	Physical	Virtual	Physical	Virtual	Physical	Virtual	Physical	Virtual
Number of stores at beginning of period	769	671	772	664	772	647	772	676
Opened	—	7	5	7	30	58	45	62
Closed	4	2	5	7	37	29	45	74
Number of stores at end of period	765	676	772	664	765	676	772	664

30

Product and other sales for Retail for the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 decreased by $59.8 million, or 14.6% to $349.6 million from $409.4 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Product and other sales for Retail for the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 decreased by $324.3 million, or 23.9% to $1,030.4 million from $1,354.7 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Product and other sales are impacted by comparable store sales (as noted in the chart below), new store openings and store closings, as well as the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales were impacted by the temporary store closings due to COVID-19 earlier in the fiscal year, as well as the impact of fewer students returning to campus, as many schools implemented a remote learning model and curtailed on-campus classes and activities. While many big-conferences resumed their sport activities, fan attendance at the games was either eliminated or severely restricted, which further impacted the company’s high-margin general merchandise business. Additionally, sales were impacted by overall enrollment declines in higher education. Textbook (Course Materials) revenue for Retail decreased primarily due to lower new and used textbook and other course materials sales, while First Day (our inclusive access program), digital and eTextbook revenue increased. General merchandise sales for Retail decreased primarily due to lower emblematic apparel sales (as many athletic events were canceled due to COVID-19), lower supply product sales and lower graduation product sales (primarily due to COVID-19 related campus closures). We have made continued progress in the development of our next generation e-commerce platform, which launched in Fiscal 2021 to deliver increased high-margin general merchandise sales.

Rental income for Retail for the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 decreased by $10.5 million, or 21.6% to $38.1 million from $48.6 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Rental income for Retail for the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 decreased by $27.2 million, or 22.7% to $92.6 million from $119.7 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Rental income is impacted by comparable store sales, new store openings and store closings. The decrease in rental income is primarily due to decreased rental activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed above and the impact of increased digital offerings.

Comparable store sales for Retail decreased for the 13 and 39 week sales period. Comparable store sales were impacted primarily by COVID-19 related campus temporary store closures, lower enrollment and on-campus events (all discussed above), a shift to lower cost options and more affordable solutions, including digital offerings, increased consumer purchases directly from publishers and other online providers, lower general merchandise sales (including graduation products and logo products for athletic events). These decreases were partially offset by increased First Day, digital and eTextbook revenue. Consistent with prior years, the Spring Rush period extended beyond the quarter due to later school openings and the continued pattern of students buying course materials later in the semester. Factoring in the fiscal month of February, comparable store sales decreased 26.7% on a year to date basis.

Comparable store sales variances for Retail by category for the 13 and 39 week periods are as follows:

Comparable Store Sales variances - Retail	13 weeks ended								39 weeks ended
Dollars in millions	January 30, 2021				January 25, 2020				January 30, 2021				January 25, 2020
Textbooks (Course Materials)	$	(25.0)	(8.1)	%	$	(31.2)	(9.3)	%	$	(136.1)	(14.3)	%	$	(85.2)	(8.3)	%
General Merchandise	(58.0)		(45.8)	%	(0.9)		(0.7)	%	(242.2)		(54.9)	%	4.7		1.1	%
Trade Books	(5.5)		(61.1)	%	(2.3)		(20.2)	%	(19.4)		(69.3)	%	(4.9)		(14.7)	%
Total Comparable Store Sales	$	(88.5)	(19.9)	%	$	(34.4)	(7.3)	%	$	(397.7)	(28.0)	%	$	(85.4)	(5.7)	%

Comparable store sales includes sales from physical stores that have been open for an entire fiscal year period and virtual store sales for the period, does not include sales from closed stores for all periods presented, and digital agency sales are included on a gross basis.

Wholesale

Wholesale sales decreased by $27.5 million, or 41.1% to $39.5 million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $67.0 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Wholesale sales decreased by $23.4 million, or 13.0% to $156.1 million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $179.5 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The decrease is primarily due to decreased gross sales impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a lower returns and allowances.

DSS

DSS total sales increased by $0.8 million, or 12.0% to $7.2 million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $6.4 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. DSS total sales increased by $2.0 million, or 11.8% to $19.0 million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $17.0 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Sales increased primarily due to an increase in bartleby subscription sales.

31

Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

Our cost of sales increased as a percentage of sales to 82.8% during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 compared to 76.4% during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Our gross margin decreased by $47.9 million, or 40.4%, to $70.6 million, or 17.2% of sales, during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $118.5 million, or 23.6% of sales during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

Our cost of sales increased as a percentage of sales to 82.1% during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 compared to 76.3% during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Our gross margin decreased by $160.4 million, or 42.5%, to $216.7 million, or 17.9% of sales, during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $377.1 million, or 23.7% of sales during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

Retail

The following table summarizes the Retail cost of sales for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020: 

	13 weeks ended						39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		% of Related Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Related Sales	January 30, 2021		% of Related Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Related Sales
Product and other cost of sales	$	308,752	88.3%	$	329,440	80.5%	$	897,283	87.1%	$	1,080,909	79.8%
Rental cost of sales	25,394		66.6%	28,758		59.2%	60,506		65.4%	70,635		59.0%
Total Cost of Sales	$	334,146	86.2%	$	358,198	78.2%	$	957,789	85.3%	$	1,151,544	78.1%

The following table summarizes the Retail gross margin for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020:

	13 weeks ended						39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		% of Related Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Related Sales	January 30, 2021		% of Related Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Related Sales
Product and other gross margin	$	40,806	11.7%	$	79,934	19.5%	$	133,108	12.9%	$	273,775	20.2%
Rental gross margin	12,717		33.4%	19,856		40.8%	32,062		34.6%	49,094		41.0%
Gross Margin	$	53,523	13.8%	$	99,790	21.8%	$	165,170	14.7%	$	322,869	21.9%

For the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, the Retail gross margin as a percentage of sales decreased as discussed below:

•Product and other gross margin decreased (785 basis points), driven primarily by an unfavorable sales mix (445 basis points) due to lower high-margin general merchandise sales of approximately $59.1 million and the shift to lower margin digital courseware, and lower margin rates (380 basis points) due to higher markdowns, partially offset by lower contract costs as a percentage of sales related to our college and university contracts (40 basis points) resulting from contract renewals and new store contracts.

•Rental gross margin decreased (745 basis points), driven primarily by higher contract costs as a percentage of sales related to our college and university contracts (795 basis points), partially offset by higher rental margin rates (40 basis points) and favorable rental mix (10 basis points).

For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, the Retail gross margin as a percentage of sales decreased as discussed below:

•Product and other gross margin decreased (730 basis points), driven primarily by an unfavorable sales mix (475 basis points) due to lower high-margin general merchandise sales of approximately $247.0 million and the shift to lower margin digital courseware, and lower margin rates (325 basis points) due to higher markdowns, partially offset by lower contract costs as a percentage of sales related to our college and university contracts (70 basis points) resulting from contract renewals and new store contracts.

•Rental gross margin decreased (640 basis points), driven primarily by higher contract costs as a percentage of sales related to our college and university contracts (670 basis points) and unfavorable rental mix (40 basis points), partially offset by higher rental margin rates (70 basis points).

32

Wholesale

The cost of sales and gross margin for Wholesale were $28.8 million, or 73.0% of sales, and $10.7 million, or 27.0% of sales, respectively, during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021. The cost of sales and gross margin for Wholesale was $52.8 million or 78.8% of sales and $14.2 million or 21.2% of sales, respectively, during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

The cost of sales and gross margin for Wholesale were $118.0 million, or 75.6% of sales, and $38.1 million, or 24.4% of sales, respectively, during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021. The cost of sales and gross margin for Wholesale was $137.8 million or 76.8% of sales and $41.7 million or 23.2% of sales, respectively, during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

The gross margin rate increased during the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 primarily due to the favorable impact of returns and allowances and lower markdowns, partially offset by an unfavorable sales mix.

DSS

The gross margin for the DSS segment was $5.9 million, or 81.6% of sales, during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and $5.3 million, or 82.1% of sales, during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The gross margin for the DSS segment was $15.3 million, or 80.4% of sales, during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and $13.8 million, or 81.3% of sales, during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The high gross margins are driven primarily by high margin subscription service revenue earned. The decrease in gross margin for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 is primarily due to increased amortization of content development costs for bartleby textbook solutions of $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

Intercompany Eliminations

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, our sales eliminations were $(22.7) million and $(29.1) million, respectively. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, our sales eliminations were $(87.0) million and $(76.8) million, respectively. These sales eliminations represent the elimination of Wholesale sales and fulfillment service fees to Retail and the elimination of Retail commissions earned from Wholesale.

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, the cost of sales eliminations were $(23.3) million and $(28.4) million, respectively. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, the cost of sales eliminations were $(85.2) million and $(75.5) million, respectively. These cost of sales eliminations represent (i) the recognition of intercompany profit for Retail inventory that was purchased from Wholesale in a prior period that was subsequently sold to external customers during the current period and the elimination of Wholesale service fees charged for fulfillment of inventory for virtual store sales, net of (ii) the elimination of intercompany profit for Wholesale inventory purchases by Retail that remain in ending inventory at the end of the current period.

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, the gross margin eliminations were $0.5 million and $(0.8) million, respectively. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, the gross margin eliminations were $(1.8) million and $(1.3) million, respectively. The gross margin eliminations reflect the net impact of the sales eliminations and cost of sales eliminations during the above mentioned reporting periods.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

	13 weeks ended						39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		% of Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Sales	January 30, 2021		% of Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Sales
Total Selling and Administrative Expenses	$	92,708	22.5%	$	106,184	21.1%	$	254,723	21.0%	$	317,279	19.9%

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, selling and administrative expenses decreased by $13.5 million, or 12.7%, to $92.7 million from $106.2 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, selling and administrative expenses decreased by $62.6 million, or 19.7%, to $254.7 million from $317.3 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

The variances by segment are as follows:

Retail

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, Retail selling and administrative expenses decreased by $15.9 million, or 17.4%, to $75.9 million from $91.9 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a $13.1 million decrease in stores payroll and operating expenses, including comparable stores, lower virtual stores and new/closed stores payroll and operating expenses, and a decrease of $2.8 million in corporate payroll, infrastructure costs, product development costs and digital operations costs.

33

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, Retail selling and administrative expenses decreased by $64.0 million, or 23.3%, to $210.3 million from $274.2 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a $53.6 million decrease in stores payroll and operating expenses, including comparable stores, primarily due to furloughed store employees, lower virtual stores and new/closed stores payroll and operating expenses, and a decrease of $10.4 million in corporate payroll, infrastructure costs, product development costs and digital operations costs.

Wholesale

Wholesale selling and administrative expenses remained flat at $4.3 million for both the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, Wholesale selling and administrative expenses decreased by $1.4 million or 10.2% to $12.3 million from $13.7 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The decrease in selling and administrative expenses was primarily driven by lower payroll and operating costs.

DSS

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, DSS selling and administrative expenses increased by $1.0 million or 20.6% to $6.0 million from $5.0 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, DSS selling and administrative expenses increased by $1.3 million or 9.8% to $15.0 million from $13.7 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The increase in costs was primarily driven by higher professional services and advertising costs.

Corporate Services

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, Corporate Services' selling and administrative expenses increased by $1.3 million or 25.9% to $6.5 million from $5.2 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, Corporate Services' selling and administrative expenses increased by $1.4 million or 8.9% to $17.2 million from $15.8 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation-related expense and higher operating expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

	13 weeks ended						39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		% of Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Sales	January 30, 2021		% of Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Sales
Total Depreciation and Amortization Expense	$	13,307	3.2%	$	15,117	3.0%	$	40,563	3.3%	$	46,542	2.9%

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $1.8 million, or 12.0%, to $13.3 million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $15.1 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $6.0 million, or 12.8%, to $40.6 million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $46.5 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower depreciation related to closed stores and lower capital expenditures.

Impairment loss (non-cash)

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we evaluated certain of our store-level long-lived assets in the Retail segment for impairment. Based on the results of the impairment tests, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27.6 million, $20.5 million after-tax, comprised of $5.1 million, $13.3 million, $6.3 million and $2.9 million of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, amortizable intangibles, and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For additional information, see Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8. Fair Value Measurements.

During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $0.4 million in the Retail segment related to net capitalized development costs for a project which were not recoverable.

Restructuring and other charges

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we recognized restructuring and other charges totaling $1.7 million and $10.7 million, respectively, comprised primarily of $1.3 million and $5.8 million, respectively, for severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives, $0.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively, for professional service costs related to restructuring, process improvements, the financial advisor strategic review process, costs related to development and integration associated with Fanatics and FLC

34

partnership agreements and shareholder activist activities, and $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to liabilities for a facility closure.

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recognized restructuring and other charges totaling $0.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, comprised primarily of $0 and $0.8 million, respectively, for severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with several management changes and the elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives, and $0.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to professional service costs related to restructuring, process improvements, shareholder activist activities, and costs related to liabilities for a facility closure.

Operating (Loss) Income

	13 weeks ended						39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		% of Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Sales	January 30, 2021		% of Sales	January 25, 2020		% of Sales
Total Operating (Loss) Income	$	(64,702)	(15.6)%	$	(2,971)	(0.5)%	$	(116,884)	(9.6)%	$	9,648	0.7%

Our operating loss was $(64.7) million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, compared to an operating loss of $(3.0) million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The increase in operating loss is due to the matters discussed above. For the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, excluding the $27.6 million of impairment loss (non-cash) and the $1.7 million of restructuring and other charges, discussed above, operating loss was $(35.4) million (or 8.6% of sales). For the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020, excluding the $0.2 million of restructuring and other charges, discussed above, operating loss was $(2.8) million (or 0.6% of sales).

Our operating loss was $(116.9) million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, compared to an operating income of $9.6 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The decrease in operating income is due to the matters discussed above. For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, excluding the impairment loss (non-cash) of $27.6 million and the $10.7 million of restructuring and other charges, discussed above, operating loss was $(78.5) million (or 6.5%). For the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, excluding the $3.2 million of restructuring and other charges and impairment loss (non-cash) of $0.4 million, discussed above, operating income was $13.3 million (or 0.8% of sales).

Interest Expense, Net

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Interest Expense, Net	$	2,311	$	1,904	$	5,876	$	5,882

Net interest expense increased by $0.4 million, or 21.4%, to $2.3 million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 from $1.9 million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020. Net interest expense remained flat at $5.9 million during both the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

	13 weeks ended						39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		Effective Rate	January 25, 2020		Effective Rate	January 30, 2021		Effective Rate	January 25, 2020		Effective Rate
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense	$	(18,724)	27.9%	$	(3,182)	65.3%	$	(35,334)	28.8%	$	1,683	44.7%

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(18.7) million on a pre-tax loss of $(67.0) million of during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, which represented an effective income tax rate of 27.9% and we recorded an income tax benefit of $(3.2) million on a pre-tax loss of $(4.9) million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020, which represented an effective income tax rate of 65.3%.

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(35.3) million on a pre-tax loss of $(122.8) million of during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, which represented an effective income tax rate of 28.8% and we recorded income tax expense of $1.7 million on pre-tax income of $3.8 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, which represented an effective income tax rate of 44.7%.

The effective tax rate for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 is lower as compared to the comparable prior year due to permanent differences.

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Net (Loss) Income

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Net (loss) income	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083

As a result of the factors discussed above, net loss was $(48.3) million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, compared with net loss of $(1.7) million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020 and net loss was $(87.4) million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, compared with net income of $2.1 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020.

Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP) is $(25.6) million during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, compared with $(0.7) million during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020 and Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP) is $(56.2) million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, compared with $7.0 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. See Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP) discussion below.

Use of Non-GAAP Measures - Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA

To supplement our results prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use the measure of Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP financial measures under Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regulations. We define Adjusted Earnings as net income as adjusted for items that are subtracted from or added to net income. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income plus (1) depreciation and amortization; (2) interest expense and (3) income taxes, (4) as adjusted for items that are subtracted from or added to net income.

To properly and prudently evaluate our business, we encourage you to review our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in the Form 10-K for the year ended May 2, 2020, the reconciliation of Adjusted Earnings to net income and the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with GAAP, set forth in the tables below. All of the items included in the reconciliations below are either (i) non-cash items or (ii) items that management does not consider in assessing our on-going operating performance.

These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as substitutes for and should not be considered superior to measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our use of these non-GAAP financial measures may be different from similarly named measures used by other companies, limiting their usefulness for comparison purposes.

We review these non-GAAP financial measures as internal measures to evaluate our performance and manage our operations. We believe that these measures are useful performance measures which are used by us to facilitate a comparison of our on-going operating performance on a consistent basis from period-to-period. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide for a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than measures under GAAP can provide alone, as they exclude certain items that do not reflect the ordinary earnings of our operations. Our Board of Directors and management also use Adjusted EBITDA as one of the primary methods for planning and forecasting overall expected performance, for evaluating on a quarterly and annual basis actual results against such expectations, and as a measure for performance incentive plans. We believe that the inclusion of Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA results provides investors useful and important information regarding our operating results.

Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP)

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Net (loss) income	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
Reconciling items, after-tax (below)	22,717		945		31,213		4,928
Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP)	$	(25,572)	$	(748)	$	(56,213)	$	7,011
Reconciling items, pre-tax
Impairment loss (non-cash) (a)	$	27,630	$	—	$	27,630	$	433
Content amortization (non-cash)	1,314		1,064		3,700		2,973
Restructuring and other charges (a)	1,669		205		10,727		3,240
Reconciling items, pre-tax	30,613		1,269		42,057		6,646
Less: Pro forma income tax impact (b)	7,896		324		10,844		1,718
Reconciling items, after-tax	$	22,717	$	945	$	31,213	$	4,928

(a)     See Management Discussion and Analysis and Results of Operations discussion above.

(b)    Represents the income tax effects of the non-GAAP items.

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Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Net (loss) income	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense	13,307		15,117		40,563		46,542
Content amortization (non-cash)	1,314		1,064		3,700		2,973
Interest expense, net	2,311		1,904		5,876		5,882
Income tax (benefit) expense	(18,724)		(3,182)		(35,334)		1,683
Impairment loss (non-cash) (a)	27,630		—		27,630		433
Restructuring and other charges (a)	1,669		205		10,727		3,240
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) (a)	$	(20,782)	$	13,415	$	(34,264)	$	62,836

(a)     See Management Discussion and Analysis and Results of Operations discussion above.

The following is Adjusted EBITDA by segment for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020.

Adjusted EBITDA - by Segment	13 weeks ended January 30, 2021
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Elimination(b)		Total
Sales	$	387,669	$	39,465	$	7,206	$	—	$	(22,727)	$	411,613
Cost of sales (a)	333,970		28,807		186		—		(23,276)		339,687
Gross profit	53,699		10,658		7,020		—		549		71,926
Selling and administrative expenses	75,921		4,336		6,015		6,491		(55)		92,708
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)	$	(22,222)	$	6,322	$	1,005	$	(6,491)	$	604	$	(20,782)

Adjusted EBITDA - by Segment	13 weeks ended January 25, 2020
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Elimination(b)		Total
Sales	$	457,988	$	66,996	$	6,435	$	—	$	(29,127)	$	502,292
Cost of sales (a)	357,988		52,761		298		—		(28,354)		382,693
Gross profit	100,000		14,235		6,137		—		(773)		119,599
Selling and administrative expenses	91,860		4,312		4,987		5,154		(129)		106,184
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)	$	8,140	$	9,923	$	1,150	$	(5,154)	$	(644)	$	13,415

Adjusted EBITDA - by Segment	39 weeks ended January 30, 2021
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Elimination(b)		Total
Sales	$	1,122,959	$	156,146	$	19,025	$	—	$	(87,018)	$	1,211,112
Cost of sales (a)	957,211		118,017		613		—		(85,188)		990,653
Gross profit	165,748		38,129		18,412		—		(1,830)		220,459
Selling and administrative expenses	210,286		12,273		15,054		17,236		(126)		254,723
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)	$	(44,538)	$	25,856	$	3,358	$	(17,236)	$	(1,704)	$	(34,264)

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Adjusted EBITDA - by Segment	39 weeks ended January 25, 2020
Dollars in thousands	Retail		Wholesale		DSS		Corporate Services		Elimination(b)		Total
Sales	$	1,474,413	$	179,515	$	17,024	$	—	$	(76,775)	$	1,594,177
Cost of sales (a)	1,150,940		137,827		817		—		(75,522)		1,214,062
Gross profit	323,473		41,688		16,207		—		(1,253)		380,115
Selling and administrative expenses	274,253		13,664		13,715		15,829		(182)		317,279
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)	$	49,220	$	28,024	$	2,492	$	(15,829)	$	(1,071)	$	62,836

(a) For the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, gross margin excludes $0.2 million and $1.1 million of amortization expense (non-cash) related to content development costs in the Retail Segment and DSS Segment, respectively. For the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, gross margin excludes $0.6 million and $3.1 million of amortization expense (non-cash) related to content development costs in the Retail Segment and DSS Segment, respectively.

For the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020, gross margin excludes $0.2 million and $0.9 million of amortization expense (non-cash) related to content development costs in the Retail Segment and DSS Segment, respectively. For the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, gross margin excludes $0.6 million and $2.4 million of amortization expense (non-cash) related to content development costs in the Retail Segment and DSS Segment, respectively.

(b)    See Management Discussion and Analysis and Results of Operations discussion above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of cash are net cash flows from operating activities, funds available under our credit agreement and short-term vendor financing. As of January 30, 2021, we had $150.8 million outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement. See Financing Arrangements discussion below.

COVID-19 Impact

Our business experienced an unprecedented and significant impact as a result of COVID-19 related campus store closures. Beginning in March 2020, colleges and universities nationwide began to close their campuses in light of safety concerns and as a result of local and state issued stay-at-home orders. By mid-March, during our fiscal 2020 fourth quarter, we closed the majority of our physical campus stores to protect the health and safety of our customers and employees.

While our campus stores were closed, we continued to serve institutions and students through our campus websites, providing free shipping on all orders and an expanded digital content offering to provide immediate access to course materials to students at our campuses that closed due to COVID-19. We developed and implemented plans to safely reopen our campus stores based on national, state and local guidelines, as well as the campus policies set by the school administration. Colleges and universities in the United States continue to adjust their plans for each academic term, with some implementing shortened semesters or choosing to remain fully virtual in order to best protect students and faculty. As many schools adjusted their learning model and curtailed on-campus activities in response to the pandemic, our flexible offerings ensured that students were equipped with their course materials regardless of whether schools resumed classes on campus, remotely or via a hybrid learning model.

Our fiscal 2021 results have been significantly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as many schools continued to adjust their learning model and on-campus activities in response to the pandemic. Fewer students have returned to campus, as many schools implemented a remote learning model and curtailed on-campus classes and activities. While many big athletic conferences resumed their sport activities, fan attendance at the games was either eliminated or severely restricted, which further impacted the company’s high-margin general merchandise business. Additionally, sales were impacted by overall enrollment declines in higher education. See Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Evaluation of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets related to the impairment loss (non-cash) recognized during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 3021.

The COVID-19 impact on higher education remains a fluid situation, and we are committed to supporting our campus partners through our flexible offerings and our ability to quickly pivot to ensure uninterrupted service as institutions manage the safety of their campuses.

We have implemented a significant cost reduction program designed to streamline our operations, maximize productivity and drive profitability. Certain elements of this plan were implemented in late Fiscal 2020, while other actions are planned for

38

Fiscal 2021. We anticipate meaningful annualized cost savings from this program, the majority of which is expected to be realized beginning in Fiscal 2021. The first half of Fiscal 2021 was significantly impacted by COVID-19 related campus store closures, as well as lower enrollments due to COVID-19 and fewer on campus events. We cannot accurately predict the duration or extent of the impact of COVID-19 on enrollments, university budgets, athletics and other areas that directly affect our business operations. There is still uncertainty about the duration and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. If economic conditions caused by the pandemic do not recover as currently estimated by management or market factors currently in place change, there could be a further impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows from operations.

We believe that our future cash from operations, access to borrowings under the Credit Facility, FILO Facility and short-term vendor financing will provide adequate resources to fund our operating and financing needs for the foreseeable future. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the economy and the outlook for and pace of sustainable growth in our markets, the levels at which we maintain inventory, the number and timing of new store openings, and any potential acquisitions of other brands or companies including digital properties. To the extent that available funds are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financing of debt or equity. Our access to, and the availability of, financing in the future will be impacted by many factors, including the liquidity of the overall capital markets and the current state of the economy. There can be no assurances that we will have access to capital markets on acceptable terms.

Sale of Treasury Shares

In December 2020, we entered into a new merchandising partnership with Fanatics and FLC which included a strategic equity investment in the Company. Fanatics, Inc. and Lids Holdings, Inc. jointly purchased an aggregate 2,307,692 of our common shares (issued from treasury shares) for $15 million, representing a share price of $6.50 per share. The premium price paid above the fair market value of our common stock at closing was approximately $4.1 million and was recognized as a contract liability ($0.2 million in accrued liabilities and $3.9 million in other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet) which is expected to be earned over the term of the merchandising contracts for Fanatics and FLC. We expect to use these proceeds for general corporate purposes. Additionally, FLC has agreed to purchase our logo and emblematic general merchandise inventory, which we expect to be finalized during our fiscal 2021 fourth quarter. For additional information regarding the merchandising partnership, see Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 1. Organization - Partnership with Fanatics and FLC and Note 7. EPS and Earnings Per Share - Sale of Treasury Shares.

Sources and Uses of Cash Flow

	39 weeks ended
Dollars in thousands	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	9,008	$	14,768
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	41,586		92,007
Net cash flows used in investing activities	(25,988)		(27,348)
Net cash flows used in financing activities	(13,925)		(68,865)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	10,681	$	10,562

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Our business is highly seasonal. For our retail operations, cash flows from operating activities are typically a source of cash in the second and third fiscal quarters, when students generally purchase and rent textbooks and other course materials for the upcoming semesters based on the typical academic semester. For our wholesale operations, cash flows from operating activities are typically a source of cash in the second and fourth fiscal quarters, as payments are received from the summer and winter selling season when they sell textbooks and other course materials for retail distribution. For both retail and wholesale, cash flows from operating activities are typically a use of cash in the fourth fiscal quarter, when sales volumes are materially lower than the other quarters. For our DSS segment, cash flows are not seasonal as cash flows from operating activities are typically consistent throughout the year. Our quarterly cash flows also may fluctuate depending on the timing of the start of the various school’s semesters, as well as shifts in our fiscal calendar dates. These shifts in timing may affect the comparability of our results across periods.

Cash flows provided by operating activities during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 were $41.6 million compared to $92.0 million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. This decrease in cash provided by operating activities of $50.4 million was primarily due to a net loss in current year period compared to net income in the prior year period, an increase in other long-term liabilities due to sale of treasury shares at a premium (discussed above), and changes in inventory and working capital. As discussed above, our operations were highly impacted by COVID-19 related campus store closures.

39

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 were $(26.0) million compared to $(27.3) million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. The decrease in cash used in investing activities is primarily due to lower capital expenditures and contractual capital investments associated with content development, digital initiatives, enhancements to internal systems, renewing existing contracts and new store construction and lower payments to acquire businesses and the change in other noncurrent assets for contractual obligations.

Our investing activities consist principally of capital expenditures for contractual capital investments associated with renewing existing contracts, new store construction, digital initiatives and enhancements to internal systems and our website. Capital expenditures totaled $25.9 million and $26.8 million during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, respectively.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Cash flows used in financing activities during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 were $(13.9) million compared to $(68.9) million during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020. This net change of $55.0 million is primarily due to lower net borrowings under the credit agreement and the sale of treasury shares of $10.9 million (discussed above).

Financing Arrangements

We have a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), amended March 1, 2019, under which the lenders committed to provide us with a 5-year asset-backed revolving credit facility in an aggregate committed principal amount of $400 million (the “Credit Facility”) effective from the date of the amendment. We have the option to request an increase in commitments under the Credit Facility of up to $100 million, subject to certain restrictions. Proceeds from the Credit Facility are used for general corporate purposes, including seasonal working capital needs. The agreement includes an incremental first in, last out seasonal loan facility (the “FILO Facility”) for a $100 million incremental facility maintaining the maximum availability under the Credit Agreement at $500 million.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we borrowed $547.6 million and repaid $571.5 million under the Credit Agreement, with $150.8 million of outstanding borrowings as of January 30, 2021, comprised entirely of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we borrowed $383.4 million and repaid $451.0 million under the Credit Agreement, with $65.9 million of outstanding borrowings as of January 25, 2020, comprised entirely of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. As of both January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, we have issued $4.8 million in letters of credit under the Credit Facility.

For additional information including interest terms and covenant requirements related to the Credit Facility and FILO Facility, refer to Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Income Tax Implications on Liquidity

As of January 30, 2021, other long-term liabilities includes $25.7 million related to the long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve. The LIFO reserve is impacted by changes in the consumer price index ("CPI") and is dependent on the inventory levels at the end of our tax year (on or about January 31st) which is in the middle of our second largest selling cycle. At the end of the most recent tax year, inventory levels declined as compared to the prior year resulting in approximately $7.6 million of the income taxes associated with the LIFO reserve becoming currently payable. Given recent trends relating to the pricing and rental of textbooks, management believes that an additional portion of the remaining long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve could become payable within the next twelve months. We are unable to predict future trends for CPI and inventory levels, therefore it is difficult to project with reasonable certainty how much of this liability will become payable within the next twelve months.

Share Repurchases

On December 14, 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $50 million, in the aggregate, of our outstanding Common Stock. The stock repurchase program is carried out at the direction of management (which may include a plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). The stock repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, or modified at any time. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we did not repurchase any of our Common Stock under the stock repurchase program. As of January 30, 2021, approximately $26.7 million remains available under the stock repurchase program.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we repurchased 414,174 shares of our Common Stock outside of the stock repurchase program in connection with employee tax withholding obligations for vested stock awards.

40

Contractual Obligations

Our projected contractual obligations are consistent with amounts disclosed in Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of January 30, 2021, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303 of Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our policies regarding the use of estimates and other critical accounting policies are consistent with the disclosures in Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements of this Form 10-Q for information related to new accounting pronouncements.

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and information relating to us and our business that are based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to our management. When used in this communication, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “forecasts,” “projections,” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Such statements reflect our current views with respect to future events, the outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others:

•risks associated with COVID-19 and the governmental responses to it, including its impact across our businesses on demand and operations, as well as on the operations of our suppliers and other business partners, and the effectiveness of our actions taken in response to these risks;

•general competitive conditions, including actions our competitors and content providers may take to grow their businesses;

•a decline in college enrollment or decreased funding available for students;

•decisions by colleges and universities to outsource their physical and/or online bookstore operations or change the operation of their bookstores;

•implementation of our digital strategy may not result in the expected growth in our digital sales and/or profitability;

•risk that digital sales growth does not exceed the rate of investment spend;

•the performance of our online, digital and other initiatives, integration of and deployment of, additional products and services including new digital channels, and enhancements to higher education digital products, and the inability to achieve the expected cost savings;

•the risk of price reduction or change in format of course materials by publishers, which could negatively impact revenues and margin;

•the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns;

•decreased consumer demand for our products, low growth or declining sales;

•the strategic objectives, successful integration, anticipated synergies, and/or other expected potential benefits of various acquisitions, may not be fully realized or may take longer than expected;

•the integration of the operations of various acquisitions into our own may also increase the risk of our internal controls being found ineffective;

41

•changes to purchase or rental terms, payment terms, return policies, the discount or margin on products or other terms with our suppliers;

•our ability to successfully implement our strategic initiatives including our ability to identify, compete for and execute upon additional acquisitions and strategic investments;

•risks associated with operation or performance of MBS Textbook Exchange, LLC’s point-of-sales systems that are sold to college bookstore customers;

•technological changes;

•risks associated with counterfeit and piracy of digital and print materials;

•our international operations could result in additional risks;

•our ability to attract and retain employees;

•risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property;

•trends and challenges to our business and in the locations in which we have stores;

•non-renewal of managed bookstore, physical and/or online store contracts and higher-than-anticipated store closings;

•disruptions to our information technology systems, infrastructure and data due to computer malware, viruses, hacking and phishing attacks, resulting in harm to our business and results of operations;

•disruption of or interference with third party web service providers and our own proprietary technology;

•work stoppages or increases in labor costs;

•possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service;

•product shortages, including decreases in the used textbook inventory supply associated with the implementation of publishers’ digital offerings and direct to student textbook consignment rental programs, as well as the risks associated with the impacts that public health crises may have on the ability of our suppliers to manufacture or source products, particularly from outside of the United States;

•changes in domestic and international laws or regulations, including U.S. tax reform, changes in tax rates, laws and regulations, as well as related guidance;

•enactment of laws or changes in enforcement practices which may restrict or prohibit our use of texts, emails, interest based online advertising, recurring billing or similar marketing and sales activities;

•the amount of our indebtedness and ability to comply with covenants applicable to any future debt financing;

•our ability to satisfy future capital and liquidity requirements;

•our ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on acceptable terms;

•adverse results from litigation, governmental investigations, tax-related proceedings, or audits;

•changes in accounting standards; and

•the other risks and uncertainties detailed in the section titled “Risk Factors” in Part I - Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or outcomes may vary materially from those described as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned. Subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this Form 10-Q. 

Item 3:    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the items discussed in Part II - Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

42

Item 4:    Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation (as required under Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act) was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company’s periodic reports. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management has not identified any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

We are involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business, including actions with respect to contracts, intellectual property, taxation, employment, benefits, personal injuries and other matters. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on our current knowledge, we do not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that the final outcome of any pending or threatened legal proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries are a party, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our future financial results. However, legal matters are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. As such, there can be no assurance that the final outcome of these matters will not materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Between January 22, 2020 and June 15, 2020, thirteen purported class action complaints were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against the Company, along with several publishers, another collegiate bookstore retailer, and an industry association. The plaintiffs are retailers of collegiate course materials or current or former college students. Although the specific allegations vary, the plaintiffs generally claim, on their own behalf and on behalf of the purported classes, that the Company and the other defendants violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 1), Section 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 2), Section 13(a) of the Robinson-Patman Act (15 U.S.C. §13(a)), and various state antitrust and unfair trade practices laws for alleged activities in connection with inclusive access and the sale of course materials to universities and their students. The United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation has consolidated these and other related cases in a consolidated proceeding before the Hon. Denise L. Cote of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. On October 16, 2020, three named student plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Amended Complaint, as did the retailer plaintiffs. We intend to vigorously defend this matter and are currently unable to estimate any potential losses.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 to the risk factors discussed in Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

43

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Sales of Equity Securities

In December 2020, we created a new partnership with licensed sports merchandise leaders Fanatics and FLC which included a strategic equity investment in the Company. Fanatics, Inc. and Lids Holdings, Inc. jointly purchased $15 million of an aggregate 2,307,692 of our common shares (from treasury shares), representing a share price of $6.50 per share. The premium price paid above the market value at closing was approximately $4.1 million and was recognized as a contract liability (in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities) to be earned over the contract term from the beginning of their respective operations. We expect to use these proceeds for general corporate purposes. For additional information regarding the merchandising partnership, see Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 1. Organization - Partnership with Fanatics and FLC and Note 7. EPS and Earnings Per Share - Sale of Treasury Shares.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information as of January 30, 2021 with respect to shares of Common Stock we purchased during the third quarter of Fiscal 2021:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share (a)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
November 1, 2020 - November 28, 2020	—	$	—	—	$	26,669,324
November 29, 2020 - January 2, 2021	—	$	—	—	$	26,669,324
January 3, 2021 - January 30, 2021	—	$	—	—	$	26,669,324
	—	$	—	—

(a)     This amount represents the average price paid per common share. This price includes a per share commission paid for all repurchases.

On December 14, 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $50 million, in the aggregate, of our outstanding Common Stock. The stock repurchase program is carried out at the direction of management (which may include a plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). The stock repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, or modified at any time. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we did not repurchase any shares of our Common Stock under the program.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we repurchased 414,174 shares of our Common Stock outside of the stock repurchase program in connection with employee tax withholding obligations for vested stock awards.

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6.    Exhibits

44

31.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

45

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC.
(Registrant)
By:	/S/ THOMAS D. DONOHUE
	Thomas D. Donohue
	Chief Financial Officer
	(principal financial officer)
By:	/S/ SEEMA C. PAUL
	Seema C. Paul
	Chief Accounting Officer
	(principal accounting officer)

March 9, 2021

46

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION BY THE

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a),

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Michael P. Huseby, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 30, 2021 of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 9, 2021

By:	/s/ Michael P. Huseby
	Michael P. Huseby
	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
	Barnes & Noble Education, Inc.

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION BY THE

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a),

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Thomas D. Donohue, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 30, 2021 of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 9, 2021

By:	/s/ Thomas D. Donohue
	Thomas D. Donohue
	Chief Financial Officer
	Barnes & Noble Education, Inc.

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(b) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

AND 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended January 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael P. Huseby, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Michael P. Huseby

Michael P. Huseby

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Barnes & Noble Education, Inc.

March 9, 2021

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(b) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

AND 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended January 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas D. Donohue, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Thomas D. Donohue

Thomas D. Donohue

Chief Financial Officer
Barnes & Noble Education, Inc.

March 9, 2021

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Feb. 26, 2021
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jan. 30, 2021
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Registrant Name	BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001634117
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--05-01
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		51,378,913
Document Quarterly Report	true
Trading Symbol	BNED
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-37499
Local Phone Number	991-2665
City Area Code	(908)
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	07920
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	46-0599018
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, City or Town	Basking Ridge,
Entity Address, Address Line One	120 Mountain View Blvd.,
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes

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Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Sales:
Product sales and other	$ 373,502	$ 453,678	$ 1,118,544	$ 1,474,448
Rental income	38,111	48,614	92,568	119,729
Total sales	411,613	502,292	1,211,112	1,594,177
Cost of Goods and Service, Excluding Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization	315,607	354,999	933,847	1,146,400
Rental cost of sales	25,394	28,758	60,506	70,635
Cost of Goods and Services Sold	341,001	383,757	994,353	1,217,035
Gross profit	70,612	118,535	216,759	377,142
Selling and administrative expenses	92,708	106,184	254,723	317,279
Depreciation and amortization expense	13,307	15,117	40,563	46,542
Other Nonrecurring Expense	27,630	0	27,630	433
Restructuring and other charges	1,669	205	10,727	3,240
Operating (loss) income	(64,702)	(2,971)	(116,884)	9,648
Interest expense, net	2,311	1,904	5,876	5,882
Income (loss) before taxes	(67,013)	(4,875)	(122,760)	3,766
Income tax expense (benefit)	(18,724)	(3,182)	(35,334)	1,683
Net (loss) income	$ (48,289)	$ (1,693)	$ (87,426)	$ 2,083
(Loss) Earnings per share of common stock
Diluted	$ (0.96)	$ (0.04)	$ (1.78)	$ 0.04
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic and Diluted			49,099	47,911
Basic	$ (0.96)	$ (0.04)	$ (1.78)	$ 0.04
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic	50,082	48,298	49,099	47,911
Diluted	50,082	48,298	49,099	48,767

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Jan. 30, 2021	May 02, 2020	Jan. 25, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 9,915	$ 8,242	$ 9,798
Receivables, net	227,174	90,851	238,045
Merchandise inventories, net	452,611	428,939	530,260
Textbook rental inventories	40,720	40,710	48,474
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	25,281	16,177	24,617
Total current assets	755,701	584,919	851,194
Net property and equipment	87,405	97,739	101,055
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	242,937	250,837	251,743
Intangible assets, net	155,536	175,125	179,596
Goodwill	4,700	4,700	4,700
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense	14,984	7,805	2,647
Other noncurrent assets	27,195	35,307	37,169
Total assets	1,288,458	1,156,432	1,428,104
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	318,795	143,678	389,050
Accrued liabilities	125,815	95,420	193,705
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	105,624	92,571	102,247
Short-term Debt	0	75,000	0
Total current liabilities	550,234	406,669	685,002
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	190,453	186,142	169,227
Other long-term liabilities	52,814	46,170	50,529
Long-term Line of Credit, Noncurrent	150,800	99,700	65,900
Liabilities	944,301	738,681	970,658
Commitments and contingencies	0	0	0
Preferred Stock, Value, Issued	0	0	0
Common Stock, Value, Outstanding	533	521	521
Additional Paid in Capital	733,019	732,958	732,320
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(370,253)	(282,827)	(242,494)
Treasury Stock, Value	(19,142)	(32,901)	(32,901)
Total Equity	344,157	417,751	457,446
Total liabilities and Parent Company equity	$ 1,288,458	$ 1,156,432	$ 1,428,104
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	5,000	5,000	5,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0		0
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0	0	0
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	200,000	200,000	200,000
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	53,327	52,140	52,139
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	51,379	48,298	48,297

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	$ (87,426)	$ 2,083
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	40,563	46,542
Content Amortization	3,700	2,973
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs	811	811
Other Nonrecurring Expense	27,630	433
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(7,179)	(222)
Share-based Compensation	3,857	6,000
Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Assets and Liabilities, Net	11,291	2,663
Increase (Decrease) in Operating Liabilities	11,937	9,890
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	41,586	92,007
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(25,910)	(26,841)
Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Assets	(78)	(507)
Net cash flows used in investing activities	(25,988)	(27,348)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings on Credit Facility	547,600	383,400
Repayments of borrowings on Credit Facility	(571,500)	(451,000)
Proceeds from Sale of Treasury Stock	10,869	0
Payments for Repurchase of Common Stock	(894)	(1,265)
Net cash flows used in financing activities	(13,925)	(68,865)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect	1,673	(4,206)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net:
Receivables, net	(136,323)	(139,875)
Merchandise inventories	(23,672)	(109,938)
Textbook rental inventories	(10)	(1,473)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,104)	(12,839)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	205,511	284,959
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net	(36,402)	(20,834)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents	9,008	14,768
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents	$ 10,681	$ 10,562

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Consolidated Statement of Equity Statement - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	51,030,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 510
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 726,331
Treasury Stock, Shares	3,467,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (31,636)
Total Equity	450,628
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(244,577)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(32,155)
Stock-based compensation expense	2,321	$ 2,321
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards				12,000
CostOfRepurchasedSharesForTaxWittholdingForShareBasedCompensation	(40)			$ (40)
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures			56,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures		(1)	$ 1
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	2,083
Proceeds from Sale of Treasury Stock	$ 0
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	51,086,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 511
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 728,651
Treasury Stock, Shares	3,479,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (31,676)
Total Equity	420,754
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(276,732)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	35,931
Stock-based compensation expense	1,860	1,860
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards				363,000
CostOfRepurchasedSharesForTaxWittholdingForShareBasedCompensation	(1,225)			$ (1,225)
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures			1,053,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures	$ 0	(10)	$ 10
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	52,139,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 521
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 730,501
Treasury Stock, Shares	3,842,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (32,901)
Total Equity	457,320
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(240,801)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(1,693)
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,819	1,819
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	52,139,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 521
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 732,320
Treasury Stock, Shares	3,842,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (32,901)
Total Equity	457,446
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	$ (242,494)
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	52,140,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 521
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 732,958
Treasury Stock, Shares	3,842,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (32,901)
Total Equity	417,751
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(282,827)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(46,652)
Stock-based compensation expense	1,521	1,521
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards				179,000
CostOfRepurchasedSharesForTaxWittholdingForShareBasedCompensation	(342)			$ (342)
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures			514,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures	0	(5)	$ 5
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	$ (87,426)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards	414,174
Proceeds from Sale of Treasury Stock	$ 10,869
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	52,654,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 526
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 734,474
Treasury Stock, Shares	4,021,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (33,243)
Total Equity	372,278
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(329,479)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	7,515
Stock-based compensation expense	1,180	1,180
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards				231,000
CostOfRepurchasedSharesForTaxWittholdingForShareBasedCompensation	(539)			$ (539)
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures			662,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures	$ 0	$ (7)	$ 7
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	53,316,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 533
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 735,647
Treasury Stock, Shares	4,252,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (33,782)
Total Equity	380,434
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	(321,964)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(48,289)
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,156
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings for vested stock awards	4,000
CostOfRepurchasedSharesForTaxWittholdingForShareBasedCompensation	$ (13)
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures	11,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures	$ 0
Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Other	(3,784)
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Treasury Stock Reissued	$ (14,653)
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Treasury Stock Reissued	(2,307,692)
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	53,327,000
Common Stock, Value, Issued	$ 533
Additional Paid in Capital	$ 733,019
Treasury Stock, Shares	1,948,000
Treasury Stock, Value	$ (19,142)
Total Equity	344,157
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	$ (370,253)

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Organization

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Organization

Note 1. Organization

Description of Business

Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (“BNED”) is one of the largest contract operators of physical and virtual bookstores for college and university campuses and K-12 institutions across the United States. We are also one of the largest textbook wholesalers, inventory management hardware and software providers, and a leading provider of digital education solutions. We operate 1,441 physical, virtual, and custom bookstores and serve more than 6 million students, delivering essential educational content and tools within a dynamic omnichannel retail environment. Additionally, we offer direct-to-student products and services to help students study more effectively and improve academic performance.

The strengths of our business include our ability to compete by developing new products and solutions to meet market needs, our large operating footprint with direct access to students and faculty, our well-established, deep relationships with academic partners and stable, long-term contracts and our well-recognized brands. We expect to continue to introduce scalable and advanced digital solutions focused largely on the student, expand our e-commerce capabilities, increase market share with new accounts, and expand our strategic opportunities through acquisitions and partnerships. We expect general merchandise sales to continue to increase over the long term, as our product assortments continue to emphasize and reflect the changing consumer trends, and we evolve our presentation concepts and merchandising of products in stores and online, as we improve our e-commerce capabilities through investments we are making in new systems, processes and people.

We believe the BNC and MBS brands are synonymous with innovation in bookselling and campus retail, and, are widely recognized and respected brands in the United States. Our large college footprint, reputation, and credibility in the marketplace not only support our marketing efforts to universities, students, and faculty, but are also important for leading publishers who rely on us as one of their primary distribution channels, and for being a trusted source for students in our direct-to-student digital solutions business.

We have three reportable segments: Retail, Wholesale and DSS. For additional information related to our strategies, operations and segments, see Part I - Item 1. Business and Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 6. Segment Reporting in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Partnership with Fanatics and FLC

In December 2020, we entered into a new merchandising partnership with Fanatics Retail Group Fulfillment, LLC, Inc. ("Fanatics") and Fanatics Lids College, Inc. ("FLC"). Through this partnership, we will receive unparalleled product assortment, e-commerce capabilities and powerful digital marketing tools to drive increased value for customers and accelerate growth of our high margin general merchandise business. We will leverage Fanatics’ e-commerce technology and expertise for the operational management of the emblematic merchandise and gift sections of our campus store websites. FLC will manage in-store assortment planning and merchandising of emblematic apparel, headwear, and gift products for our partner campus stores. FLC has agreed to purchase our logo and emblematic general merchandise inventory, which we expect to be finalized during our fiscal 2021 fourth quarter. We will maintain our relationships with campus partners and remain responsible for staffing and managing the day-to-day operations of our campus bookstores. We will also work closely with our campus partners to ensure that each campus store will maintain unique aspects of in-store merchandising, including localized product

assortments and specific styles and designs that reflect each campus’s brand. We expect Fanatics and FLC to go live with this partnership beginning in the second calendar quarter of 2021.

Additionally, Fanatics, Inc. and Lids Holdings, Inc. jointly made a $15,000 strategic equity investment in BNED and received 2,307,692 common shares of BNED in exchange. We expect to use these proceeds to for general corporate purposes. For additional information, see Note 7. Equity and Earnings Per Share.

Wolfram|Alpha Agreement

In December 2020, we entered into an agreement with Wolfram|Alpha to develop a math solver as a new feature in our bartleby suite of homework help and learning solutions. Powered by Wolfram|Alpha’s best-in-class computation engine, the math solver will allow students to access an interactive digital calculator that provides real-time, step-by-step explanations for even the most advanced math problems.

COVID-19 Business Impact

Our business experienced an unprecedented and significant impact as a result of COVID-19 related campus store closures. Beginning in March 2020, colleges and universities nationwide began to close their campuses in light of safety concerns and as a result of local and state issued stay-at-home orders. By mid-March, during our fiscal 2020 fourth quarter, we closed the majority of our physical campus stores to protect the health and safety of our customers and employees.

While our campus stores were closed, we continued to serve institutions and students through our campus websites, providing free shipping on all orders and an expanded digital content offering to provide immediate access to course materials to students at our campuses that closed due to COVID-19. We developed and implemented plans to safely reopen our campus stores based on national, state and local guidelines, as well as the campus policies set by the school administration. Colleges and universities in the United States continue to adjust their plans for each academic term, with some implementing shortened semesters or choosing to remain fully virtual in order to best protect students and faculty.

Our fiscal 2021 results have been significantly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as many schools continued to adjust their learning model and on-campus activities in response to the pandemic. Fewer students have returned to campus, as many schools implemented a remote learning model and curtailed on-campus classes and activities. While many big athletic conferences resumed their sport activities, fan attendance at the games was either eliminated or severely restricted, which further impacted the company’s high-margin general merchandise business. Additionally, sales were impacted by overall enrollment declines in higher education. See Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Evaluation of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets related to the impairment loss (non-cash) recognized during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 3021.

The COVID-19 impact on higher education remains a fluid situation, and we are committed to supporting our campus partners through our flexible offerings and our ability to quickly pivot to ensure uninterrupted service as institutions manage the safety of their campuses. There is still uncertainty about the duration and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. If economic conditions caused by the pandemic do not recover as currently estimated by management or market factors currently in place change, there could be a further impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows from operations.

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Employees Benefit Plan

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Employees' Defined Contribution Plan

Note 11. Employee Benefit Plans

We sponsor defined contribution plans for the benefit of substantially all of the employees of BNC and DSS. MBS maintains a profit sharing plan covering substantially all full-time employees of MBS. For all plans, we are responsible to fund the employer contributions directly. Total employee benefit expense for these plans was $0 and $844 during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, respectively. Total employee benefit expense for these plans was $0 and $2,683 during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, respectively.

Effective April 2020, due to the significant impact as a result of COVID-19 related campus store closures, we have temporarily suspended employer matching contributions into our 401(k) plans through the end of Fiscal 2021.

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Organization - Additional Information $ in Thousands, Person in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021 USD ($) Store shares	Jan. 25, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 30, 2021 USD ($) segment Store Person	Jan. 25, 2020 USD ($)
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]
Number of Stores | Store	1,441		1,441
Number of students covered to build relationships and derive sales | Person			6
Number of Reportable Segments | segment			3
Other Nonrecurring Expense	$ 27,630	$ 0	$ 27,630	$ 433
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock	$ 15,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Treasury Stock Reissued | shares	2,307,692

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Employees Benefit Plans - Additional Information - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Company contributions, employee benefit expenses	$ 0	$ 844	$ 0	$ 2,683

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly its consolidated financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods reported. These condensed consolidated financial statements are condensed and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Our business is highly seasonal. Our quarterly results also may fluctuate depending on the timing of the start of the various schools' semesters, as well as shifts in our fiscal calendar dates. These shifts in timing may affect the comparability of our results across periods. Our fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April. Due to the seasonal nature of the business, the results of operations for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 are not indicative of the results expected for the 52 weeks ending May 1, 2021 (Fiscal 2021).

For certain of our retail operations, sales are generally highest in the second and third fiscal quarters, when students purchase and rent textbooks and other course materials for the typical academic year, and lowest in the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Sales attributable to our wholesale business are generally highest in our first, second and third quarters, as MBS sells textbooks and other course materials for retail distribution. Our DSS segment sales and operating profit are realized relatively consistently throughout the year.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories, which consist of finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market value of our inventory, which is all purchased finished goods, is determined based on its estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price less normally predictable costs of disposal and transportation. Reserves for non-returnable inventory are based on our history of liquidating non-returnable inventory.

Cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method for our Retail segment and last-in first out, or “LIFO”, method for our Wholesale segment. Our textbook inventories, for Retail and Wholesale, and trade book inventories are valued using the LIFO method and the related reserve was not material to the recorded amount of our inventories.

For our physical bookstores, we also estimate and accrue shortage for the period between the last physical count of inventory and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends.

Textbook Rental Inventories

Physical textbooks out on rent are categorized as textbook rental inventories. At the time a rental transaction is consummated, the book is removed from merchandise inventories and moved to textbook rental inventories at cost. The cost of the book is amortized down to its estimated residual value over the rental period. The related amortization expense is included in cost of goods sold. At the end of the rental period, upon return, the book is removed from textbook rental inventories and recorded in merchandise inventories at its amortized cost.

Leases

We recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet for all operating lease arrangements based on the present value of future lease payments as required by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842, Leases. We do not recognize lease assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases (i.e., those with a term of twelve months or less). We recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term for contracts with fixed lease payments, including those with fixed annual minimums, or over a rolling twelve-month period for leases where the annual guarantee resets at the start of each contract year, in order to best reflect the pattern of usage of the underlying leased asset. For additional information, see Note 5. Leases.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

Product sales and rentals

The majority of our revenue is derived from the sale of products through our bookstore locations, including virtual bookstores, and our bookstore affiliated e-commerce websites, and contains a single performance obligation. Revenue from sales of our products is recognized at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the products. For additional information, see Note 4. Revenue.

Retail product revenue is recognized when the customer takes physical possession of our products, which occurs either at the point of sale for products purchased at physical locations or upon receipt of our products by our customers for products ordered through our websites and virtual bookstores. Wholesale product revenue is recognized upon shipment of physical

textbooks at which point title passes and risk of loss is transferred to the customer. Additional revenue is recognized for shipping charges billed to customers and shipping costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs within cost of goods sold.

Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is deferred and recognized over the rental period based on the passage of time commencing at the point of sale, when control of the product transfers to the customer. Rental periods are typically for a single semester and are always less than one year in duration. We offer a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented physical textbook at the end of the rental period if the customer desires to do so. We record the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price which is determined at the time of the buyout. In these instances, we accelerate any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale.

Revenue from the rental of digital textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is recognized at the point of sale. A software feature is embedded within the content of our digital textbooks, such that upon expiration of the rental term the customer is no longer able to access the content. While the digital rental allows the customer to access digital content for a fixed period of time, once the digital content is delivered to the customer, our performance obligation is complete.

We estimate returns based on an analysis of historical experience. A provision for anticipated merchandise returns is provided through a reduction of sales and cost of goods sold in the period that the related sales are recorded.

For sales and rentals involving third-party products, we evaluate whether we are acting as a principal or an agent. Our determination is based on our evaluation of whether we control the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer. There are significant judgments involved in determining whether we control the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer including whether we have the ability to direct the use of the good or service and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the good or service. For those transactions where we are the principal, we record revenue on a gross basis, and for those transactions where we are an agent to a third-party, we record revenue on a net basis.

We do not have gift card or customer loyalty programs. We do not treat any promotional offers as expenses. Sales tax collected from our customers is excluded from reported revenues. Our payment terms are generally 30 days and do not extend beyond one year.

Service and other revenue

Service and other revenue is primarily derived from DSS segment subscription-based service revenues and partnership marketing services which includes promotional activities and advertisements within our physical bookstores and web properties performed on behalf of third-party customers.

Subscription-based revenue, which contains a single performance obligation, is deferred and recognized based on the passage of time over the subscription period commencing at the point of sale, when control of the service transfers to the customer. The majority of subscriptions sold are one month in duration.

Partnership marketing agreements often include multiple performance obligations which are individually negotiated with our customers. For these arrangements that contain distinct performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price method by comparing the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The revenue is recognized as each performance obligation is satisfied, typically at a point in time for partnership marketing service and overtime for advertising efforts as measured based upon the passage of time for contracts that are based on a stated period of time or the number of impressions delivered for contracts with a fixed number of impressions.

Cost of Sales

Our cost of sales primarily includes costs such as merchandise costs, textbook rental amortization, content development cost amortization, warehouse costs related to inventory management and order fulfillment, insurance, certain payroll costs, and management service agreement costs, including rent expense, related to our college and university contracts and other facility related expenses.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

Our selling and administrative expenses consist primarily of store payroll and store operating expenses. Selling and administrative expenses also include long-term incentive plan compensation expense and general office expenses, such as merchandising, procurement, field support, finance and accounting, and operating costs related to our DSS segment

subscription-based services business. Shared-service costs such as human resources, legal, treasury, information technology, and various other corporate level expenses and other governance functions, are not allocated to any specific reporting segment and are recorded in Corporate Services.

Evaluation of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets

As of January 30, 2021, we had $0, $0 and $4,700 of goodwill on our condensed consolidated balance sheet related to our Retail, Wholesale and DSS reporting units, respectively. In accordance with ASC 350-10, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, we complete our annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the third quarter of each fiscal year, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the third quarter of Fiscal 2021. In performing the valuation, we used cash flows that reflected management’s forecasts and discount rates that included risk adjustments consistent with the current market conditions. The fair value of the DSS reporting unit was determined to exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit; therefore, no goodwill impairment was recognized.

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. As of January 30, 2021, our other long-lived assets include property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, amortizable intangibles, and other noncurrent assets of $87,405, $242,937, $155,536, and $27,195, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Our fiscal 2021 results have been significantly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as many schools continued to adjust their learning models and on-campus activities during the Spring semester of fiscal 2021. Many of the trends observed during the Fall semester continued into the Spring semester, as fewer students have returned to campus for the Spring semester, many colleges and universities continued with remote learning models and on-campus classes and activities have been further curtailed, including many big athletic conferences that have been either eliminated or severely restricted. These combined events continue to impact the Company’s course materials and general merchandise business. During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we evaluated certain of our store-level long-lived assets in the Retail segment for impairment. Based on the results of the impairment tests, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27,630, $20,506 after-tax, comprised of $5,085, $13,328, $6,278 and $2,939 of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, amortizable intangibles, and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of the impaired long-lived assets were determined using an income approach (Level 3 input), using the Company’s best estimates of the amount and timing of future discounted cash flows, based on historical experience, market conditions, current trends and performance expectations. For additional information, see Note 8. Fair Value Measurements.

During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recorded an impairment loss (non-cash) of $433 in the Retail segment related to net capitalized development costs for a project which were not recoverable.

Income Taxes

As of January 30, 2021, other long-term liabilities includes $25,748 related to the long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve. The LIFO reserve is impacted by changes in the consumer price index (“CPI”) and is dependent on the inventory levels at the end of our tax year (on or about January 31st) which is in the middle of our second largest selling cycle. At the end of the most recent tax year, inventory levels declined as compared to the prior year resulting in approximately $7,597 of the LIFO reserve becoming currently payable. Given recent trends relating to the pricing and rental of textbooks, management believes that an additional portion of the remaining long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve could be payable within the next twelve months. We are unable to predict future trends for CPI and inventory levels, therefore it is difficult to project with reasonable certainty how much of this liability will become payable within the next twelve months.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

us-gaap_DescriptionOfNewAccountingPronouncementsNotYetAdopted

Note 3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model for trade receivables with an expected loss model which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate expected credit loss estimates. These changes may result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We adopted this

guidance during the first quarter of Fiscal 2021 with no cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The guidance does not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The guidance seeks to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing the following exceptions: 1) exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items, 2) exception to the requirement to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment, 3) exception to the ability not to recognize a deferred tax liability for a foreign subsidiary when a foreign equity method investment becomes a subsidiary and 4) exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. Additionally, the guidance seeks to further simplify the accounting for income taxes by: 1) requiring that an entity recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, 2) requiring that an entity evaluate when a step up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which the book goodwill was originally recognized and when it should be considered a separate transaction, 3) specifying that an entity is not required to allocate the consolidated amount of current and deferred tax expense to a legal entity that is not subject to tax in its separate financial statements (although the entity may elect to do so (on an entity-by-entity basis) for a legal entity that is both not subject to tax and disregarded by the taxing authority), 4) requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date and 5) making minor improvements for income tax accounting related to employee stock ownership plans and investments in qualified affordable housing projects accounted for using the equity method. We adopted ASU 2019-12 during the current quarter (third quarter of fiscal 2021). As a result of adopting this standard, we did not record a cumulative adjustment and there was not a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

Note 4. Revenue

Revenue from sales of our products and services is recognized either at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to our customers or over time as services are provided in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the products or services. See Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information related to our revenue recognition policies and Note 6. Segment Reporting for a description of each segment's product and service offerings.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates the revenue associated with our major product and service offerings:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Retail
Product Sales	$	338,495	$	400,170	$	998,158	$	1,320,587
Rental Income	38,111		48,614		92,568		119,729
Service and Other Revenue (a)	11,063		9,204		32,233		34,097
Retail Total Sales	$	387,669	$	457,988	$	1,122,959	$	1,474,413
Wholesale Sales	$	39,465	$	66,996	$	156,146	$	179,515
DSS Sales (b)	$	7,206	$	6,435	$	19,025	$	17,024
Eliminations (c)	$	(22,727)	$	(29,127)	$	(87,018)	$	(76,775)
Total Sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177

(a)Service and other revenue primarily relates to brand partnerships and other service revenues.

(b)DSS sales primarily relate to direct-to-student subscription-based revenue.

(c)The sales eliminations represent the elimination of Wholesale sales and fulfillment service fees to Retail and the elimination of Retail commissions earned from Wholesale.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets represent the sale of goods or services to a customer before we have the right to obtain consideration from the customer. Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts at the reporting date and are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. Contract assets (unbilled receivables) were $0 as of January 30, 2021, January 25, 2020 and May 2, 2020 on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities represent an obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which we have received consideration and consists of our deferred revenue liability (deferred revenue). Deferred revenue consists of the following:

•advanced payments from customers related to textbook rental and subscription-based performance obligations, which are recognized ratably over the terms of the related rental or subscription periods;

•unsatisfied performance obligations associated with partnership marketing services, which are recognized when the contracted services are provided to our partnership marketing customers; and

•unsatisfied performance obligations associated with the premium paid for the sale of treasury shares, which are expected to be recognized over the term of the merchandising contracts for Fanatics and FLC as discussed in Note 1. Organization - Partnership with Fanatics and FLC and Note 7. Equity and Earnings Per Share - Sale of Treasury Shares.

Deferred revenue of $47,166, $60,708, and $13,373 is recorded in accrued liabilities and $3,956, $0, and $0 is recorded in other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods ended January 30, 2021, January 25, 2020 and May 2, 2020, respectively. As of January 30, 2021, we expect to recognize $47,166 of the deferred revenue balance within the next 12 months. The following table presents changes in contract liabilities:

	39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Deferred revenue at the beginning of period	$	13,373	$	20,418
Additions to deferred revenue during the period	148,777		170,375
Reductions to deferred revenue for revenue recognized during the period	(111,028)		(130,085)
Deferred revenue balance at the end of period	$	51,122	$	60,708

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Leases (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Leases of Lessee Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 5. Leases

We recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for substantially all lease arrangements as required by FASB ASC 842, Leases (Topic 842). Our portfolio of leases consists of operating leases comprised of operations agreements which grant us the right to operate on-campus bookstores at colleges and universities; real estate leases for office and warehouse operations; and vehicle leases. We do not have finance leases or short-term leases (i.e., those with a term of twelve months or less).

We recognize a right of use ("ROU") asset and lease liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for leases with a term greater than twelve months. Options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the determination of the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised. Our lease terms generally range from one year to fifteen years and a number of agreements contain minimum annual guarantees, many of which are adjusted at the start of each contract year based on the actual sales activity of the leased premises for the most recently completed contract year.

Payment terms are based on the fixed rates explicit in the lease, including minimum annual guarantees, and/or variable rates based on: i) a percentage of revenues or sales arising at the relevant premises ("variable commissions"), and/or ii) operating expenses, such as common area charges, real estate taxes and insurance. For contracts with fixed lease payments, including those with minimum annual guarantees, we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term or over the contract year in order to best reflect the pattern of usage of the underlying leased asset and our minimum obligations arising from these types of leases. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, material restrictions or covenants.

We used our incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of fixed lease payments based on the information available at the lease commencement date, as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. We utilized an estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate as of the effective date or the commencement date of the lease, whichever is later.

The following table summarizes lease expense:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Variable lease expense	$	27,399	$	23,402	$	62,081	$	54,412
Operating lease expense	28,127		37,188		87,558		137,148
Net lease expense	$	55,526	$	60,590	$	149,639	$	191,560

The decrease in lease expense is primarily due to lower sales for contracts based on a percentage of revenue and the impact of the timing and reduction of minimum contractual guarantees.

The following table summarizes our minimum fixed lease obligations, excluding variable commissions, as of January 30, 2021:

	As of
	January 30, 2021
Remainder of Fiscal 2021	$	84,074
Fiscal 2022	52,998
Fiscal 2023	45,682
Fiscal 2024	37,980
Fiscal 2025	31,605
Thereafter	88,819
Total lease payments	341,158
Less: imputed interest	(45,081)
Operating lease liabilities at period end	$	296,077

Future lease payment obligations related to leases that were entered into, but did not commence as of January 30, 2021, were not material.

The following summarizes additional information related to our operating leases:

	As of
	January 30, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	5.5 years
Weighted average discount rate	4.7		%
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash payments for lease liabilities within operating activities	$	75,851
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities from initial recognition	$	108,873

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Segment Reporting (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Segment Reporting

Note 6. Segment Reporting

We have three reportable segments: Retail, Wholesale and DSS. Additionally, unallocated shared-service costs, which include various corporate level expenses and other governance functions, continue to be presented as “Corporate Services”.

We identify our segments in accordance with the way our business is managed (focusing on the financial information distributed) and the manner in which our chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses financial performance. The following summarizes the three segments. For additional information about each segment's operations, see Part I - Item 1. Business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

Retail

The Retail Segment operates 1,441 college, university, and K-12 school bookstores, comprised of 765 physical bookstores and 676 virtual bookstores. Our bookstores typically operate under agreements with the college, university, or K-12 schools to be the official bookstore and the exclusive seller of course materials and supplies, including physical and digital products. The majority of the physical campus bookstores have school-branded e-commerce sites which we operate and which offer students access to affordable course materials and affinity products, including emblematic apparel and gifts. The Retail Segment also offers inclusive access programs, in which course materials are offered at a reduced price through a fee charged by the institution or included in tuition, and delivered to students on or before the first day of class. Additionally, the Retail Segment offers a suite of digital content and services to colleges and universities, including a variety of open educational resource-based courseware.

Wholesale

The Wholesale Segment is comprised of our wholesale textbook business and is one of the largest textbook wholesalers in the country. The Wholesale Segment centrally sources, sells, and distributes new and used textbooks to approximately 3,300 physical bookstores (including our Retail Segment's 765 physical bookstores) and sources and distributes new and used textbooks to our 676 virtual bookstores. Additionally, the Wholesale Segment sells hardware and a software suite of applications that provides inventory management and point-of-sale solutions to approximately 400 college bookstores.

DSS

The Digital Student Solutions (“DSS”) Segment includes direct-to-student products and services to assist students to study more effectively and improve academic performance. The DSS Segment is comprised of the operations of Student Brands, LLC, a leading direct-to-student subscription-based writing services business, and bartleby®, a direct-to-student subscription-based offering providing textbook solutions, expert questions and answers, writing and tutoring.

Corporate Services represents unallocated shared-service costs which include corporate level expenses and other governance functions, including executive functions, such as accounting, legal, treasury, information technology, and human resources.

Intercompany Eliminations

The eliminations are primarily related to the following intercompany activities:

•The sales eliminations represent the elimination of Wholesale sales and fulfillment service fees to Retail and the elimination of Retail commissions earned from Wholesale, and

•These cost of sales eliminations represent (i) the recognition of intercompany profit for Retail inventory that was purchased from Wholesale in a prior period that was subsequently sold to external customers during the current period and the elimination of Wholesale service fees charged for fulfillment of inventory for virtual store sales, net of (ii) the elimination of intercompany profit for Wholesale inventory purchases by Retail that remain in ending inventory at the end of the current period.

Our international operations are not material and the majority of the revenue and total assets are within the United States.

Summarized financial information for our reportable segments is reported below:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Sales:
Retail	$	387,669	$	457,988	$	1,122,959	$	1,474,413
Wholesale	39,465		66,996		156,146		179,515
DSS	7,206		6,435		19,025		17,024
Elimination	(22,727)		(29,127)		(87,018)		(76,775)
Total Sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177
Gross Profit
Retail	$	53,523	$	99,790	$	165,170	$	322,869
Wholesale	10,658		14,235		38,129		41,688
DSS	5,882		5,283		15,290		13,838
Elimination	549		(773)		(1,830)		(1,253)
Total Gross Profit	$	70,612	$	118,535	$	216,759	$	377,142
Depreciation and Amortization
Retail	$	9,806	$	11,699	$	30,361	$	35,372
Wholesale	1,614		1,483		4,231		4,531
DSS	1,863		1,904		5,883		6,543
Corporate Services	24		31		88		96
Total Depreciation and Amortization	$	13,307	$	15,117	$	40,563	$	46,542
Operating (Loss) Income
Retail	$	(59,996)	$	(3,747)	$	(107,740)	$	11,478
Wholesale	4,708		8,440		21,625		23,493
DSS	(2,567)		(1,608)		(6,218)		(6,420)
Corporate Services	(7,451)		(5,412)		(22,847)		(17,832)
Elimination	604		(644)		(1,704)		(1,071)
Total Operating (Loss) Income	$	(64,702)	$	(2,971)	$	(116,884)	$	9,648

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
The following is a reconciliation of segment Operating (Loss) Income to consolidated (Loss) Income Before Income Taxes:
Total Operating (Loss) Income	$	(64,702)	$	(2,971)	$	(116,884)	$	9,648
Interest Expense, net	2,311		1,904		5,876		5,882
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes	$	(67,013)	$	(4,875)	$	(122,760)	$	3,766

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Equity and Earnings Per Share (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Note 7. Equity and Earnings Per Share

Equity

Share Repurchases

On December 14, 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $50,000, in the aggregate, of our outstanding Common Stock. The stock repurchase program is carried out at the direction of management (which may include a plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). The stock repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, or modified at any time. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we did not repurchase shares of our Common Stock under the program and as of January 30, 2021, approximately $26,669 remains available under the stock repurchase program.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we repurchased 414,174 shares of our Common Stock outside of the stock repurchase program in connection with employee tax withholding obligations for vested stock awards.

Sale of Treasury Shares

In December 2020, we entered into a new merchandising partnership with Fanatics and FLC which included a strategic equity investment in the Company. Fanatics, Inc. and Lids Holdings, Inc. jointly purchased an aggregate 2,307,692 of our common shares (issued from treasury shares) for $15,000, representing a share price of $6.50 per share. The premium price paid above the fair market value of our common stock at closing was approximately $4,131 and was recorded as a contract liability ($175 in accrued liabilities and $3,956 in other long-term liabilities our condensed consolidated balance sheet) which is expected to be recognized over the term of the merchandising contracts for Fanatics and FLC, as discussed in Note 1. Organization - Partnership with Fanatics and FLC. We expect to use these proceeds for general corporate purposes.

Earnings Per Share

Basic EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year plus the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents using the treasury stock method and the average market price of our common stock for the year. We include participating securities (unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents) in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. Our participating securities consist solely of unvested restricted stock awards, which have contractual participation rights equivalent to those of stockholders of unrestricted common stock. The two-class method of computing earnings per share is an allocation method that calculates earnings per share for common stock and participating securities. During periods of net loss, no effect is given to the participating securities because they do not share in the losses of the Company. During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, average shares of 4,005,236 and 3,682,169 were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as their inclusion would have been antidilutive, respectively. During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, average shares of 3,234,606 and 1,348,949 were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as their inclusion would have been antidilutive, respectively.

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
(shares in thousands)	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Numerator for basic earnings per share:
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
Less allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		(1)
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Numerator for diluted earnings per share:
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		1
Less diluted allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		(1)
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Basic weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		47,911
Denominator for diluted earnings per share:
Basic weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		47,911
Average dilutive restricted stock units	—		—		—		403
Average dilutive performance shares	—		—		—		9
Average dilutive restricted shares	—		—		—		12
Average dilutive performance share units	—		—		—		432
Average dilutive stock options	—		—		—		—
Diluted weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		48,767
(Loss) Earnings per share of Common Stock:
Basic	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04
Diluted	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04

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Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures

Note 8. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, the fair value of an asset is considered to be the price at which the asset could be sold in an orderly transaction between unrelated knowledgeable and willing parties. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices in active markets

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable

Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring us to develop our own assumptions

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accrued liabilities and accounts payable. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accrued liabilities and accounts payable approximates their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments, which are all considered Level 1. The fair value of short-term and long-term debt approximates its carrying value.

Non-Financial Assets and Liabilities

Our non-financial assets include goodwill, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and intangible assets. Such assets are reported at their carrying values and are not subject to recurring fair value measurements. We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. During the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we evaluated certain of our store-level long-lived assets in the Retail segment for impairment. Based on the results of the impairment tests, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27,630, $20,506 after-tax, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For additional information, see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The fair value of the impaired long-lived assets were determined using an income approach (Level 3 input), using our best estimates of the amount and timing of future discounted cash flows, based on historical experience, market conditions, current trends and performance expectations. The following table shows the fair values of our non-financial assets and liabilities that were required to be remeasured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, and the total impairments recorded as a result of the remeasurement process:

	13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021						39 weeks ended January 25, 2020
	Carrying Value Prior to Impairment		Fair Value		Impairment Loss (non-cash)		Carrying Value Prior to Impairment		Fair Value		Impairment Loss (non-cash)
Receivables, net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	245	$	—	$	245
Property and equipment, net	5,505		420		5,085		300		—		300
Operating lease right-of-use assets	26,427		13,099		13,328		—		—		—
Intangible assets, net	7,723		1,445		6,278		—		—		—
Other noncurrent assets	3,539		600		2,939		—		—		—
Accrued liabilities	—		—		—		(112)		—		(112)
Total	$	43,194	$	15,564	$	27,630	$	433	$	—	$	433

Non-Financial Liabilities

We granted phantom share units as long-term incentive awards which are settled in cash based on the fair market value of a share of common stock of the Company at each vesting date. The fair value of the liability for the cash-settled phantom share unit awards will be remeasured at the end of each reporting period through settlement to reflect current risk-free rate and volatility assumptions. As of January 30, 2021, we recorded a liability of $1,729 (Level 2 input) which is reflected in accrued liabilities ($1,093) and other long-term liabilities ($636) on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For additional information, see Note 12. Long-Term Incentive Plan Compensation Expense.

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Credit Facility (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Debt Disclosure

Note 9. Credit Facility

We have a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), amended March 1, 2019, under which the lenders committed to provide us with a 5-year asset-backed revolving credit facility in an aggregate committed principal amount of $400,000 (the “Credit Facility”) effective from the date of the amendment. We have the option to request an increase in commitments under the Credit Facility of up to $100,000, subject to certain restrictions. Proceeds from the Credit Facility are used for general corporate purposes, including seasonal working capital needs. The agreement includes an incremental first in, last out seasonal loan facility (the “FILO Facility”) for a $100,000 incremental facility maintaining the maximum availability under the Credit Agreement at $500,000.

For additional information including interest terms and covenant requirements related to the Credit Facility, refer to Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we borrowed $547,600 and repaid $571,500 under the Credit Agreement, with $150,800 of outstanding borrowings as of January 30, 3021, comprised entirely of borrowings under the Credit Facility. During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we borrowed $383,400 and repaid $451,000 under the Credit Agreement, with

$65,900 of outstanding borrowings as of January 25,2020, comprised entirely of borrowings under the Credit Facility. As of both January 30, 2021 and January 25, 2020, we have issued $4,759 in letters of credit under the Credit Facility.

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Supplementary Information (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Supplementary info [Abstract]

Supplementary Information [Text Block]

Note 10. Supplementary Information

Impairment Loss (non-cash)

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we evaluated certain of our store-level long-lived assets in the Retail segment for impairment. Based on the results of the impairment tests, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $27,630, $20,506 after-tax, comprised of $5,085, $13,328, $6,278 and $2,939 of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, amortizable intangibles, and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For additional information, see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8. Fair Value Measurements.

During the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recognized an impairment loss (non-cash) of $433 in the Retail segment related to net capitalized development costs for a project which were not recoverable.

Restructuring and other charges

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we recognized restructuring and other charges totaling $1,669 and $10,727, respectively, comprised primarily of $1,285 and $5,756, respectively, for severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives ($4,660 is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of January 30, 2021), $172 and $4,644, respectively, for professional service costs related to restructuring, process improvements, the financial advisor strategic review process, costs related to development and integration associated with the Fanatics and FLC partnership agreements and shareholder activist activities, and $212 and $327, respectively, related to liabilities for a facility closure.

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, we recognized restructuring and other charges totaling $205 and $3,240, respectively, comprised primarily of $0 and $791, respectively, for severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with several management changes and the elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives, and $205 and $2,249, respectively, for professional service costs related to restructuring, process improvements, and shareholder activities.

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Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

Note 12. Long-Term Incentive Plan Compensation Expense

We recognize compensation expense for restricted stock awards and performance share awards ratably over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally three years. We recognize compensation expense for these awards based on the number of awards expected to vest, which includes an estimated average forfeiture rate. We calculate the fair value of these awards based on the closing stock price on the date the award was granted. For those awards with market conditions, we have determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model and compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied.

For stock options granted with an "at market" exercise price, we determined the grant fair value using the Black-Scholes model and for stock options granted with "a premium" exercise price, we determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value models for stock options use assumptions that include the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield and expected term of the options.

During the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, we granted the following awards:

•243,905 restricted stock units ("RSU") awards and 146,343 restricted stock ("RS") awards with a one year vesting period to the Board of Directors ("BOD") members for annual compensation.

•1,250,518 stock options with an exercise price of $2.46 per stock option, which was the fair market value on the date of grant (Stock Option Grant #1) and 1,250,518 stock options with an exercise price of $5.00 per stock option (Stock Option Grant #2) granted to employees. The stock options are exercisable in four equal annual installments commencing one year after the date of grant and have a ten year term. Holders are not entitled to receive dividends (if any) prior to vesting and exercise of the options. The following summarizes the stock option fair value assumptions:

	Stock Option Grant #1			Stock Option Grant #2
Exercise Price	$	2.46		$	5.00
Valuation method utilized	Black-Scholes			Monte Carlo
Risk-free interest rate	0.27		%	0.68		%
Expected option term	6.2 years			10.0 years
Company volatility	73		%	73		%
Dividend yield	—		%	—		%
Grant date fair value per award	$	1.58		$	1.28

The risk-free interest rate is based on United States Treasury yields in effect at the date of grant for periods corresponding to the expected stock option term. For Stock Option Grant #1, we are permitted to use the simplified approach to estimate the expected term of the stock options, which typically assumes exercise occurs at the mid-point between the end of the vesting period and the expiration date. The simplified approach is not allowed for premium-priced options (Stock Option Grant #2), which were estimated using a stock price multiple, as there is no option exercise history which to base an early exercise option. The expected stock option term represents the weighted average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based on vesting schedules and the contractual term of the stock options. Volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over a period of time corresponding to the expected stock option term.

•2,345,528 phantom share units granted to employees. Each phantom share represents the economic equivalent to one share of the Company's common stock and will be settled in cash based on the fair market value of a share of common stock at each vesting date in an amount not to exceed $7.38 per share. The phantom shares vest and will be settled in three equal installments commencing one year after the date of grant. The fair value of the phantom shares was determined using the closing stock price on the date of the award less the fair value of the call option which was estimated using the Black-Scholes model. The average fair value on the date of grant was $1.88 per phantom share using risk-free rates ranging from 0.12%-0.15% for the three tranches and annual volatility ranging from 86%-114% for the three tranches. The fair value of the liability for the cash-settled phantom share unit awards will be remeasured at the end of each reporting period through settlement to reflect current risk-free rate and volatility assumptions. As of January 30, 2021, we recorded a liability of $1,729 (Level 2 input) which is reflected in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

We recognized compensation expense for long-term incentive plan awards in selling and administrative expenses as follows:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Stock-based awards
Restricted stock expense	$	88	$	30	$	138	$	90
Restricted stock units expense	786		1,515		3,121		5,227
Performance shares expense	—		—		—		12
Performance share units expense	12		274		217		671
Stock option expense	270		—		381		—
Sub-total stock-based awards:	$	1,156	$	1,819	$	3,857	$	6,000
Cash settled awards
Phantom share units expense	$	1,505	$	—	$	1,729	$	—
Total compensation expense for long-term incentive awards	$	2,661	$	1,819	$	5,586	$	6,000

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards as of January 30, 2021 was $12,318 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

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Income Taxes Income Taxes (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 13. Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(18,724) on a pre-tax loss of $(67,013) during the 13 weeks ended January 30, 2021, which represented an effective income tax rate of 27.9% and income tax benefit of $(3,182) on a pre-tax loss of $(4,875) during the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2020, which represented an effective income tax rate of 65.3%.

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(35,334) on a pre-tax loss of $(122,760) during the 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021, which represented an effective income tax rate of 28.8% and income tax expense of $1,683 on pre-tax income of $3,766 during the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, which represented an effective income tax rate of 44.7%.

The effective tax rate for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 is lower as compared to the prior year comparable period due to permanent differences.

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Legal Proceedings (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Legal Proceedings

Note 14. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business, including actions with respect to contracts, intellectual property, taxation, employment, benefits, personal injuries and other matters. The results of these proceedings in the ordinary course of business are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Between January 22, 2020 and June 15, 2020, thirteen purported class action complaints were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against the Company, along with several publishers, another collegiate bookstore retailer, and an industry association. The plaintiffs are retailers of collegiate course materials or current or former college students. Although the specific allegations vary, the plaintiffs generally claim, on their own behalf and on behalf of the purported classes, that the Company and the other defendants violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 1), Section 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 2), Section 13(a) of the Robinson-Patman Act (15 U.S.C. §13(a)), and various state antitrust and unfair trade practices laws for alleged activities in connection with inclusive access and the sale of course materials to universities and their students. The United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation has consolidated these and other related cases in a consolidated proceeding before the Hon. Denise L. Cote of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. On October 16, 2020, three named student plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Amended Complaint, as did the retailer plaintiffs. We intend to vigorously defend this matter and are currently unable to estimate any potential losses.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly its consolidated financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods reported. These condensed consolidated financial statements are condensed and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Our business is highly seasonal. Our quarterly results also may fluctuate depending on the timing of the start of the various schools' semesters, as well as shifts in our fiscal calendar dates. These shifts in timing may affect the comparability of our results across periods. Our fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April. Due to the seasonal nature of the business, the results of operations for the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 are not indicative of the results expected for the 52 weeks ending May 1, 2021 (Fiscal 2021).

For certain of our retail operations, sales are generally highest in the second and third fiscal quarters, when students purchase and rent textbooks and other course materials for the typical academic year, and lowest in the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Sales attributable to our wholesale business are generally highest in our first, second and third quarters, as MBS sells textbooks and other course materials for retail distribution. Our DSS segment sales and operating profit are realized relatively consistently throughout the year.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories, which consist of finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market value of our inventory, which is all purchased finished goods, is determined based on its estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price less normally predictable costs of disposal and transportation. Reserves for non-returnable inventory are based on our history of liquidating non-returnable inventory.

Cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method for our Retail segment and last-in first out, or “LIFO”, method for our Wholesale segment. Our textbook inventories, for Retail and Wholesale, and trade book inventories are valued using the LIFO method and the related reserve was not material to the recorded amount of our inventories.

For our physical bookstores, we also estimate and accrue shortage for the period between the last physical count of inventory and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends.

Textbook Rentals Inventories

Textbook Rental Inventories

Physical textbooks out on rent are categorized as textbook rental inventories. At the time a rental transaction is consummated, the book is removed from merchandise inventories and moved to textbook rental inventories at cost. The cost of the book is amortized down to its estimated residual value over the rental period. The related amortization expense is included in cost of goods sold. At the end of the rental period, upon return, the book is removed from textbook rental inventories and recorded in merchandise inventories at its amortized cost.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

Product sales and rentals

The majority of our revenue is derived from the sale of products through our bookstore locations, including virtual bookstores, and our bookstore affiliated e-commerce websites, and contains a single performance obligation. Revenue from sales of our products is recognized at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the products. For additional information, see Note 4. Revenue.

Retail product revenue is recognized when the customer takes physical possession of our products, which occurs either at the point of sale for products purchased at physical locations or upon receipt of our products by our customers for products ordered through our websites and virtual bookstores. Wholesale product revenue is recognized upon shipment of physical

textbooks at which point title passes and risk of loss is transferred to the customer. Additional revenue is recognized for shipping charges billed to customers and shipping costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs within cost of goods sold.

Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is deferred and recognized over the rental period based on the passage of time commencing at the point of sale, when control of the product transfers to the customer. Rental periods are typically for a single semester and are always less than one year in duration. We offer a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented physical textbook at the end of the rental period if the customer desires to do so. We record the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price which is determined at the time of the buyout. In these instances, we accelerate any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale.

Revenue from the rental of digital textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is recognized at the point of sale. A software feature is embedded within the content of our digital textbooks, such that upon expiration of the rental term the customer is no longer able to access the content. While the digital rental allows the customer to access digital content for a fixed period of time, once the digital content is delivered to the customer, our performance obligation is complete.

We estimate returns based on an analysis of historical experience. A provision for anticipated merchandise returns is provided through a reduction of sales and cost of goods sold in the period that the related sales are recorded.

For sales and rentals involving third-party products, we evaluate whether we are acting as a principal or an agent. Our determination is based on our evaluation of whether we control the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer. There are significant judgments involved in determining whether we control the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer including whether we have the ability to direct the use of the good or service and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the good or service. For those transactions where we are the principal, we record revenue on a gross basis, and for those transactions where we are an agent to a third-party, we record revenue on a net basis.

We do not have gift card or customer loyalty programs. We do not treat any promotional offers as expenses. Sales tax collected from our customers is excluded from reported revenues. Our payment terms are generally 30 days and do not extend beyond one year.

Service and other revenue

Service and other revenue is primarily derived from DSS segment subscription-based service revenues and partnership marketing services which includes promotional activities and advertisements within our physical bookstores and web properties performed on behalf of third-party customers.

Subscription-based revenue, which contains a single performance obligation, is deferred and recognized based on the passage of time over the subscription period commencing at the point of sale, when control of the service transfers to the customer. The majority of subscriptions sold are one month in duration.

Partnership marketing agreements often include multiple performance obligations which are individually negotiated with our customers. For these arrangements that contain distinct performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price method by comparing the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The revenue is recognized as each performance obligation is satisfied, typically at a point in time for partnership marketing service and overtime for advertising efforts as measured based upon the passage of time for contracts that are based on a stated period of time or the number of impressions delivered for contracts with a fixed number of impressions.

Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]

We recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for substantially all lease arrangements as required by FASB ASC 842, Leases (Topic 842). Our portfolio of leases consists of operating leases comprised of operations agreements which grant us the right to operate on-campus bookstores at colleges and universities; real estate leases for office and warehouse operations; and vehicle leases. We do not have finance leases or short-term leases (i.e., those with a term of twelve months or less).

We recognize a right of use ("ROU") asset and lease liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for leases with a term greater than twelve months. Options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the determination of the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised. Our lease terms generally range from one year to fifteen years and a number of agreements contain minimum annual guarantees, many of which are adjusted at the start of each contract year based on the actual sales activity of the leased premises for the most recently completed contract year.

Payment terms are based on the fixed rates explicit in the lease, including minimum annual guarantees, and/or variable rates based on: i) a percentage of revenues or sales arising at the relevant premises ("variable commissions"), and/or ii) operating expenses, such as common area charges, real estate taxes and insurance. For contracts with fixed lease payments, including those with minimum annual guarantees, we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term or over the contract year in order to best reflect the pattern of usage of the underlying leased asset and our minimum obligations arising from these types of leases. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, material restrictions or covenants.

We used our incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of fixed lease payments based on the information available at the lease commencement date, as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. We utilized an estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate as of the effective date or the commencement date of the lease, whichever is later.

Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cost of Sales

Our cost of sales primarily includes costs such as merchandise costs, textbook rental amortization, content development cost amortization, warehouse costs related to inventory management and order fulfillment, insurance, certain payroll costs, and management service agreement costs, including rent expense, related to our college and university contracts and other facility related expenses.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Selling and Administrative Expenses

Our selling and administrative expenses consist primarily of store payroll and store operating expenses. Selling and administrative expenses also include long-term incentive plan compensation expense and general office expenses, such as merchandising, procurement, field support, finance and accounting, and operating costs related to our DSS segment

subscription-based services business. Shared-service costs such as human resources, legal, treasury, information technology, and various other corporate level expenses and other governance functions, are not allocated to any specific reporting segment and are recorded in Corporate Services.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Evaluation of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets As of January 30, 2021, we had $0, $0 and $4,700 of goodwill on our condensed consolidated balance sheet related to our Retail, Wholesale and DSS reporting units, respectively. In accordance with ASC 350-10, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, we complete our annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the third quarter of each fiscal year, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

Consolidation, Subsidiaries or Other Investments, Consolidated Entities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Intercompany Eliminations

The eliminations are primarily related to the following intercompany activities:

•The sales eliminations represent the elimination of Wholesale sales and fulfillment service fees to Retail and the elimination of Retail commissions earned from Wholesale, and

•These cost of sales eliminations represent (i) the recognition of intercompany profit for Retail inventory that was purchased from Wholesale in a prior period that was subsequently sold to external customers during the current period and the elimination of Wholesale service fees charged for fulfillment of inventory for virtual store sales, net of (ii) the elimination of intercompany profit for Wholesale inventory purchases by Retail that remain in ending inventory at the end of the current period.

Our international operations are not material and the majority of the revenue and total assets are within the United States.

Share Repurchase [Policy Text Block]

Share Repurchases On December 14, 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $50,000, in the aggregate, of our outstanding Common Stock. The stock repurchase program is carried out at the direction of management (which may include a plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). The stock repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, or modified at any time. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

In accordance with ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, the fair value of an asset is considered to be the price at which the asset could be sold in an orderly transaction between unrelated knowledgeable and willing parties. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices in active markets

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable

Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring us to develop our own assumptions

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accrued liabilities and accounts payable. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accrued liabilities and accounts payable approximates their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments, which are all considered Level 1. The fair value of short-term and long-term debt approximates its carrying value.

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings Per ShareBasic EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year plus the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents using the treasury stock method and the average market price of our common stock for the year. We include participating securities (unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents) in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. Our participating securities consist solely of unvested restricted stock awards, which have contractual participation rights equivalent to those of stockholders of unrestricted common stock. The two-class method of computing earnings per share is an allocation method that calculates earnings per share for common stock and participating securities. During periods of net loss, no effect is given to the participating securities because they do not share in the losses of the Company.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]

We recognize compensation expense for restricted stock awards and performance share awards ratably over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally three years. We recognize compensation expense for these awards based on the number of awards expected to vest, which includes an estimated average forfeiture rate. We calculate the fair value of these awards based on the closing stock price on the date the award was granted. For those awards with market conditions, we have determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model and compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied.For stock options granted with an "at market" exercise price, we determined the grant fair value using the Black-Scholes model and for stock options granted with "a premium" exercise price, we determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value models for stock options use assumptions that include the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield and expected term of the options.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

As of January 30, 2021, other long-term liabilities includes $25,748 related to the long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve. The LIFO reserve is impacted by changes in the consumer price index (“CPI”) and is dependent on the inventory levels at the end of our tax year (on or about January 31st) which is in the middle of our second largest selling cycle. At the end of the most recent tax year, inventory levels declined as compared to the prior year resulting in approximately $7,597 of the LIFO reserve becoming currently payable. Given recent trends relating to the pricing and rental of textbooks, management believes that an additional portion of the remaining long-term tax payable associated with the LIFO reserve could be payable within the next twelve months. We are unable to predict future trends for CPI and inventory levels, therefore it is difficult to project with reasonable certainty how much of this liability will become payable within the next twelve months.

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Compensation Related Costs, Share Based Payments (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]	We recognize compensation expense for restricted stock awards and performance share awards ratably over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally three years. We recognize compensation expense for these awards based on the number of awards expected to vest, which includes an estimated average forfeiture rate. We calculate the fair value of these awards based on the closing stock price on the date the award was granted. For those awards with market conditions, we have determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model and compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied.For stock options granted with an "at market" exercise price, we determined the grant fair value using the Black-Scholes model and for stock options granted with "a premium" exercise price, we determined the grant date fair value using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value models for stock options use assumptions that include the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield and expected term of the options.

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates the revenue associated with our major product and service offerings:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Retail
Product Sales	$	338,495	$	400,170	$	998,158	$	1,320,587
Rental Income	38,111		48,614		92,568		119,729
Service and Other Revenue (a)	11,063		9,204		32,233		34,097
Retail Total Sales	$	387,669	$	457,988	$	1,122,959	$	1,474,413
Wholesale Sales	$	39,465	$	66,996	$	156,146	$	179,515
DSS Sales (b)	$	7,206	$	6,435	$	19,025	$	17,024
Eliminations (c)	$	(22,727)	$	(29,127)	$	(87,018)	$	(76,775)
Total Sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177

(a)Service and other revenue primarily relates to brand partnerships and other service revenues.

(b)DSS sales primarily relate to direct-to-student subscription-based revenue.

(c)The sales eliminations represent the elimination of Wholesale sales and fulfillment service fees to Retail and the elimination of Retail commissions earned from Wholesale.

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Revenue Deferred Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]

Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability [Table Text Block]

The following table presents changes in contract liabilities:

	39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Deferred revenue at the beginning of period	$	13,373	$	20,418
Additions to deferred revenue during the period	148,777		170,375
Reductions to deferred revenue for revenue recognized during the period	(111,028)		(130,085)
Deferred revenue balance at the end of period	$	51,122	$	60,708

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Rent Expense [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes lease expense:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Variable lease expense	$	27,399	$	23,402	$	62,081	$	54,412
Operating lease expense	28,127		37,188		87,558		137,148
Net lease expense	$	55,526	$	60,590	$	149,639	$	191,560

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes our minimum fixed lease obligations, excluding variable commissions, as of January 30, 2021:

	As of
	January 30, 2021
Remainder of Fiscal 2021	$	84,074
Fiscal 2022	52,998
Fiscal 2023	45,682
Fiscal 2024	37,980
Fiscal 2025	31,605
Thereafter	88,819
Total lease payments	341,158
Less: imputed interest	(45,081)
Operating lease liabilities at period end	$	296,077

Supplemental Operating Lease Disclosures [Table Text Block]

The following summarizes additional information related to our operating leases:

	As of
	January 30, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	5.5 years
Weighted average discount rate	4.7		%
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash payments for lease liabilities within operating activities	$	75,851
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities from initial recognition	$	108,873

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Segment Reporting Segment Reporting (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

Summarized financial information for our reportable segments is reported below:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Sales:
Retail	$	387,669	$	457,988	$	1,122,959	$	1,474,413
Wholesale	39,465		66,996		156,146		179,515
DSS	7,206		6,435		19,025		17,024
Elimination	(22,727)		(29,127)		(87,018)		(76,775)
Total Sales	$	411,613	$	502,292	$	1,211,112	$	1,594,177
Gross Profit
Retail	$	53,523	$	99,790	$	165,170	$	322,869
Wholesale	10,658		14,235		38,129		41,688
DSS	5,882		5,283		15,290		13,838
Elimination	549		(773)		(1,830)		(1,253)
Total Gross Profit	$	70,612	$	118,535	$	216,759	$	377,142
Depreciation and Amortization
Retail	$	9,806	$	11,699	$	30,361	$	35,372
Wholesale	1,614		1,483		4,231		4,531
DSS	1,863		1,904		5,883		6,543
Corporate Services	24		31		88		96
Total Depreciation and Amortization	$	13,307	$	15,117	$	40,563	$	46,542
Operating (Loss) Income
Retail	$	(59,996)	$	(3,747)	$	(107,740)	$	11,478
Wholesale	4,708		8,440		21,625		23,493
DSS	(2,567)		(1,608)		(6,218)		(6,420)
Corporate Services	(7,451)		(5,412)		(22,847)		(17,832)
Elimination	604		(644)		(1,704)		(1,071)
Total Operating (Loss) Income	$	(64,702)	$	(2,971)	$	(116,884)	$	9,648

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated [Table Text Block]

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
The following is a reconciliation of segment Operating (Loss) Income to consolidated (Loss) Income Before Income Taxes:
Total Operating (Loss) Income	$	(64,702)	$	(2,971)	$	(116,884)	$	9,648
Interest Expense, net	2,311		1,904		5,876		5,882
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes	$	(67,013)	$	(4,875)	$	(122,760)	$	3,766

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Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
(shares in thousands)	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Numerator for basic earnings per share:
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,083
Less allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		(1)
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Numerator for diluted earnings per share:
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		1
Less diluted allocation of earnings to participating securities	—		—		—		(1)
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(48,289)	$	(1,693)	$	(87,426)	$	2,082
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Basic weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		47,911
Denominator for diluted earnings per share:
Basic weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		47,911
Average dilutive restricted stock units	—		—		—		403
Average dilutive performance shares	—		—		—		9
Average dilutive restricted shares	—		—		—		12
Average dilutive performance share units	—		—		—		432
Average dilutive stock options	—		—		—		—
Diluted weighted average shares of Common Stock	50,082		48,298		49,099		48,767
(Loss) Earnings per share of Common Stock:
Basic	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04
Diluted	$	(0.96)	$	(0.04)	$	(1.78)	$	0.04

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Fair Value Measures and Disclosures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring

The following table shows the fair values of our non-financial assets and liabilities that were required to be remeasured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the 13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021 and the 39 weeks ended January 25, 2020, and the total impairments recorded as a result of the remeasurement process:

	13 and 39 weeks ended January 30, 2021						39 weeks ended January 25, 2020
	Carrying Value Prior to Impairment		Fair Value		Impairment Loss (non-cash)		Carrying Value Prior to Impairment		Fair Value		Impairment Loss (non-cash)
Receivables, net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	245	$	—	$	245
Property and equipment, net	5,505		420		5,085		300		—		300
Operating lease right-of-use assets	26,427		13,099		13,328		—		—		—
Intangible assets, net	7,723		1,445		6,278		—		—		—
Other noncurrent assets	3,539		600		2,939		—		—		—
Accrued liabilities	—		—		—		(112)		—		(112)
Total	$	43,194	$	15,564	$	27,630	$	433	$	—	$	433

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Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 30, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]

We recognized compensation expense for long-term incentive plan awards in selling and administrative expenses as follows:

	13 weeks ended				39 weeks ended
	January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020		January 30, 2021		January 25, 2020
Stock-based awards
Restricted stock expense	$	88	$	30	$	138	$	90
Restricted stock units expense	786		1,515		3,121		5,227
Performance shares expense	—		—		—		12
Performance share units expense	12		274		217		671
Stock option expense	270		—		381		—
Sub-total stock-based awards:	$	1,156	$	1,819	$	3,857	$	6,000
Cash settled awards
Phantom share units expense	$	1,505	$	—	$	1,729	$	—
Total compensation expense for long-term incentive awards	$	2,661	$	1,819	$	5,586	$	6,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	May 02, 2020
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 242,937	$ 251,743	$ 242,937	$ 251,743	$ 250,837
Operating Lease, Liability	296,077		296,077
Goodwill	4,700	4,700	4,700	4,700	4,700
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	87,405	101,055	87,405	101,055	97,739
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)	155,536	179,596	155,536	179,596	175,125
Other Nonrecurring Expense	27,630	0	27,630	433
Liabilities, Current	550,234	$ 685,002	550,234	685,002	$ 406,669
us-gaap_OtherNonrecurringExpensenetoftax	20,506
Property, Plant and Equipment
Other Nonrecurring Expense	5,085			300
Property Subject to Operating Lease
Other Nonrecurring Expense	13,328			0
Other Intangible Assets
Other Nonrecurring Expense	6,278			0
Other Noncurrent Assets
Other Nonrecurring Expense	2,939			$ 0
Deferred Tax Asset Current [Member]
Liabilities, Noncurrent	25,748		25,748
Liabilities, Current	7,597		7,597
Wholesale [Member]
Goodwill	0		0
Retail [Member]
Goodwill	0		0
DSS [Member]
Goodwill	$ 4,700		$ 4,700

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Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	May 02, 2020	Apr. 27, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 411,613	$ 502,292	$ 1,211,112	$ 1,594,177
Rental income	38,111	48,614	92,568	119,729
Contract with Customer, Asset, Net	0	0	0	0	$ 0
Deferred Revenue	51,122	60,708	51,122	60,708	13,373	$ 20,418
Deferred Revenue, Current	47,166	60,708	47,166	60,708	13,373
Deferred Revenue, Noncurrent	3,956	0	3,956	0	0
Contract with Customer, Liability, Current	175		175
Contract with Customer, Liability, Current	175		175
Contract with Customer, Asset, Net	0	0	0	0	0
Deferred Revenue	51,122	60,708	51,122	60,708	$ 13,373	$ 20,418
Deferred Revenue, Additions			148,777	170,375
Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized			(111,028)	(130,085)
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	(22,727)	(29,127)	(87,018)	(76,775)
Retail Segment [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	387,669	457,988	1,122,959	1,474,413
Rental income	38,111	48,614	92,568	119,729
Retail Segment [Member] | Retail Product [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	338,495	400,170	998,158	1,320,587
Retail Segment [Member] | Service and Other [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	11,063	9,204	32,233	34,097
Wholesale [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	39,465	66,996	156,146	179,515
DSS [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 7,206	$ 6,435	$ 19,025	$ 17,024

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Leases Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	5 years 6 months		5 years 6 months
Variable Lease, Cost	$ 27,399	$ 23,402	$ 62,081	$ 54,412
Lease, Cost	28,127	37,188	87,558	137,148
Operating Lease, Expense	55,526	$ 60,590	149,639	$ 191,560
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Two	52,998		52,998
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Three	45,682		45,682
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Four	37,980		37,980
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Five	31,605		31,605
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due after Year Five	88,819		88,819
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due	341,158		341,158
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount	45,081		45,081
Operating Lease, Liability	$ 296,077		$ 296,077
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent	4.70%		4.70%
Operating Lease, Payments			$ 75,851
ROU Asst Obtained in Exchange for Lease Liabilites			108,873
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year One	$ 84,074		$ 84,074

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Segment Reporting Segment Reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021 USD ($) Store	Jan. 25, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 30, 2021 USD ($) Store segment	Jan. 25, 2020 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of Reportable Segments | segment			3
Number of Stores | Store	1,441		1,441
Revenues	$ 411,613	$ 502,292	$ 1,211,112	$ 1,594,177
Gross Profit	70,612	118,535	216,759	377,142
Depreciation and amortization expense	13,307	15,117	40,563	46,542
Operating Income (Loss)	(64,702)	(2,971)	(116,884)	9,648
Interest expense, net	2,311	1,904	5,876	5,882
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest	(67,013)	(4,875)	(122,760)	3,766
Other Nonrecurring Expense	27,630	0	27,630	433
us-gaap_OtherNonrecurringExpensenetoftax	20,506
Retail Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	387,669	457,988	1,122,959	1,474,413
Gross Profit	53,523	99,790	165,170	322,869
Depreciation and amortization expense	9,806	11,699	30,361	35,372
Operating Income (Loss)	$ (59,996)	(3,747)	$ (107,740)	11,478
Wholesale [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of Wholesale Customers | Store			3,300
Number of System Customers | Store	400		400
Revenues	$ 39,465	66,996	$ 156,146	179,515
Gross Profit	10,658	14,235	38,129	41,688
Depreciation and amortization expense	1,614	1,483	4,231	4,531
Operating Income (Loss)	4,708	8,440	21,625	23,493
DSS [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	7,206	6,435	19,025	17,024
Gross Profit	5,882	5,283	15,290	13,838
Depreciation and amortization expense	1,863	1,904	5,883	6,543
Operating Income (Loss)	(2,567)	(1,608)	(6,218)	(6,420)
Intersegment Eliminations [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(22,727)	(29,127)	(87,018)	(76,775)
Gross Profit	549	(773)	(1,830)	(1,253)
Operating Income (Loss)	604	(644)	(1,704)	(1,071)
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(22,727)	(29,127)	(87,018)	(76,775)
Depreciation and amortization expense	24	31	88	96
Operating Income (Loss)	$ (7,451)	$ (5,412)	$ (22,847)	$ (17,832)
Physical Stores [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of Stores | Store	765		765
Virtual Stores [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of Stores | Store	676		676

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Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Oct. 31, 2020	Aug. 01, 2020	Jan. 25, 2020	Oct. 26, 2019	Jul. 27, 2019	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Dec. 14, 2015
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount									$ 50,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Authorized Repurchase Amount	$ 26,669						$ 26,669
Shares Paid for Tax Withholding for Share Based Compensation	4,000						414,174
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	4,005,236			3,682,169			3,234,606	1,348,949
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	$ (48,289)	$ 7,515	$ (46,652)	$ (1,693)	$ 35,931	$ (32,155)	$ (87,426)	$ 2,083
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic	50,082,000			48,298,000			49,099,000	47,911,000
Average dilutive restricted stock units	0			0			0	403,000
Average dilutive performance shares	0			0			0	9,000
Average dilutive restricted shares	0			0			0	12,000
Average Dilutive Performance Share Units	0			0			0	432,000
Average dilutive stock options	0			0			0	0
Earnings Per Share, Basic	$ (0.96)			$ (0.04)			$ (1.78)	$ 0.04
Earnings Per Share, Diluted	$ (0.96)			$ (0.04)			$ (1.78)	$ 0.04
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic and Diluted							49,099,000	47,911,000
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic	$ (48,289)			$ (1,693)			$ (87,426)	$ 2,082
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	50,082,000			48,298,000			49,099,000	48,767,000
Undistributed Earnings, Basic	$ 0			$ 0			$ 0	$ 1
Undistributed Earnings (Loss) Allocated to Participating Securities, Diluted	0			0			0	(1)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent, Diluted	(48,289)			(1,693)			(87,426)	2,082
Undistributed Earnings (Loss) Available to Common Shareholders, Basic	0			$ 0			$ 0	$ (1)
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock	$ 15,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Treasury Stock Reissued	2,307,692
Sale of Stock, Price Per Share	$ 6.50						$ 6.50
Contract with Customer, Liability	$ 4,131						$ 4,131
Contract with Customer, Liability, Current	175						175
Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent	$ 3,956						$ 3,956

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Fair Values of Financial Instruments Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Nonrecurring Expense	$ (27,630)	$ 0	$ (27,630)	$ (433)
Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	1,445	0	1,445	0
Other Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	600	0	600	0
Impaired Assets to be Disposed of by Method Other than Sale, Carrying Value of Asset	(43,194)	(433)	(43,194)	(433)
Receivables, Fair Value Disclosure	0	0	0	0
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Fair Value Disclosure	420	0	420	0
us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetfairvalue	13,099	0	13,099	0
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Fair Value Disclosure	0	0	0	0
Fair Value, Net Asset (Liability)	15,564	0	15,564	0
us-gaap_OtherNonrecurringExpensenetoftax	20,506
Property, Plant and Equipment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Nonrecurring Expense	(5,085)			(300)
Impaired Assets to be Disposed of by Method Other than Sale, Carrying Value of Asset	(5,505)	(300)	(5,505)	(300)
Accounts Receivable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Nonrecurring Expense	0			(245)
Impaired Assets to be Disposed of by Method Other than Sale, Carrying Value of Asset	0	(245)	0	(245)
Property Subject to Operating Lease
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Nonrecurring Expense	(13,328)			0
Impaired Assets to be Disposed of by Method Other than Sale, Carrying Value of Asset	(26,427)	0	(26,427)	0
Other Intangible Assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Nonrecurring Expense	(6,278)			0
Impaired Assets to be Disposed of by Method Other than Sale, Carrying Value of Asset	(7,723)	0	(7,723)	0
Other Noncurrent Assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Nonrecurring Expense	(2,939)			0
Impaired Assets to be Disposed of by Method Other than Sale, Carrying Value of Asset	(3,539)	0	(3,539)	0
Accrued Liabilities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Nonrecurring Expense	0			(112)
Impaired Assets to be Disposed of by Method Other than Sale, Carrying Value of Asset	0	$ (112)	0	$ (112)
Phantom Share Units (PSUs)
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Other Deferred Compensation Arrangements, Liability, Classified, Noncurrent	636		636
Other Deferred Compensation Arrangements, Liability, Current and Noncurrent	1,729		1,729
Other Deferred Compensation Arrangements, Liability, Current	1,093		1,093
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Deferred Compensation Arrangements, Liability, Current	1,093		1,093
Other Deferred Compensation Arrangements, Liability, Classified, Noncurrent	$ 636		$ 636

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Credit Facility - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	May 02, 2020
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line Of Credit Potential Increase Amount	$ 100,000
Proceeds from Lines of Credit	547,600	$ 383,400
Repayments of Lines of Credit	571,500	451,000
Long-term Line of Credit, Noncurrent	150,800	65,900	$ 99,700
Short-term Debt	0	0	$ 75,000
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	4,759	$ 4,759
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 500,000
New Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit Facility Maturity Term	5 years
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 400,000
FILO [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 100,000

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Supplementary Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Other Nonrecurring Expense	$ 27,630	$ 0	$ 27,630	$ 433
us-gaap_OtherNonrecurringExpensenetoftax	20,506
Restructuring and other charges	1,669	205	10,727	3,240
Property, Plant and Equipment
Other Nonrecurring Expense	5,085			300
Property Subject to Operating Lease
Other Nonrecurring Expense	13,328			0
Other Intangible Assets
Other Nonrecurring Expense	6,278			0
Other Noncurrent Assets
Other Nonrecurring Expense	2,939			0
Employee Severance [Member]
Restructuring and other charges	1,285	0	5,756	791
Other Restructuring [Member]
Restructuring and other charges	172	$ 205	4,644	$ 2,249
Facility Closing [Member]
Restructuring and other charges	212		327
Employee Severance [Member]
Accrued Salaries	$ 4,660		$ 4,660

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Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation			$ 3,857,000	$ 6,000,000
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 12,318,000		$ 12,318,000
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition			2 years 4 months 24 days
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period			146,343
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period			243,905
Equity Option | OptionsAtMarket [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Option Indexed to Issuer's Equity, Strike Price			$ 2.46
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate			0.27%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate			0.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	$ 1.58		$ 1.58
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term			6 years 2 months 12 days
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Method Used			Black-Scholes
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate			73.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross			1,250,518
Equity Option | OptionsAtPremium [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Option Indexed to Issuer's Equity, Strike Price			$ 5.00
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate			0.68%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate			0.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	1.28		$ 1.28
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term			10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Method Used			Monte Carlo
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate			73.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross			1,250,518
Phantom Share Units (PSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period			2,345,528
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	$ 1.88		$ 1.88
ExercisePriceMaximum [Line Items]	$ 7.38		$ 7.38
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum			risk-free rates ranging from 0.12%-0.15%
Other Deferred Compensation Arrangements, Liability, Current and Noncurrent	1,729,000		$ 1,729,000
ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsVolatility			annual volatility ranging from 86%-114%
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation	1,156,000	$ 1,819,000	$ 3,857,000	6,000,000
us-gaap_LongTermIncentivePlanCompensation [Line Items]	2,661,000	1,819,000	5,586,000	6,000,000
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation	88,000	30,000	138,000	90,000
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation	786,000	1,515,000	3,121,000	5,227,000
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] | Performance Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation	0	0	0	12,000
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] | Performance Share Units (PSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation	12,000	274,000	217,000	671,000
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] | Equity Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation	270,000	0	381,000	0
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] | Phantom Share Units (PSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Compensation Expense	$ 1,505,000	$ 0	$ 1,729,000	$ 0

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Income Taxes Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020	Jan. 30, 2021	Jan. 25, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	$ (18,724)	$ (3,182)	$ (35,334)	$ 1,683
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest	$ (67,013)	$ (4,875)	$ (122,760)	$ 3,766
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent	27.90%	65.30%	28.80%	44.70%