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Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Jul. 02, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
On July 31, 2015, prior to the Separation, Viavi transferred substantially all of the assets and liabilities and operations of the CCOP segment and WaveReady product lines to Lumentum (the “Separation"). Financial statements for periods prior to the Separation were prepared on a stand-alone basis and were derived from Viavi’s consolidated financial statements and accounting records. The Company prepared consolidated financial statements for the period from June 28, 2015 to August 1, 2015 where expenses were allocated to us using estimates that we consider to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to, or benefits received by, us. From August 1, 2015 to July 2, 2016, the Company prepared consolidated financial statements as an independent stand-alone basis pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and are in conformity with U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated financial statements for the periods shown. The results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year or for any future periods.
On August 1, 2015, Lumentum became an independent publicly-traded company through the distribution by JDS Uniphase ("JDSU") to its stockholders of 80.1% of our outstanding common stock (the “Separation”). Each JDSU stockholder of record as of the close of business on July 27, 2015 received one share of Lumentum common stock for every five shares of JDSU common stock held on the record date. JDSU was renamed Viavi and at the time of the distribution retained ownership of 19.9% of Lumentum’s outstanding shares. Lumentum was incorporated in Delaware as a wholly owned subsidiary of Viavi on February 10, 2015 and is comprised of the former communications and commercial optical products (“CCOP”) segment and WaveReady product lines of Viavi. Lumentum’s Registration Statement on Form 10 was declared effective by the SEC on July 16, 2015. Lumentum’s common stock began trading “regular-way” under the ticker “LITE” on the NASDAQ stock market on August 4, 2015.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact the Company in the future, actual results may be different from the estimates. Our critical accounting policies are those that affect our financial statements materially and involve difficult, subjective or complex judgments by management. Those policies are revenue recognition, inventory valuation, allocation methods and allocated expenses from Viavi, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, stock-based compensation, retirement and post-retirement plan assumptions, restructuring, warranty and accounting for income taxes.
Fiscal Years
Fiscal Years
We utilize a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to June 30th. Our fiscal 2016 ended on July 2, 2016 and was a 53-week year. Our fiscal 2015 ended on June 27, 2015 and was a 52-week year. Our fiscal 2014 ended on June 28, 2014 and was a 52-week year.
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include certain assets and liabilities that were historically held at the Viavi level which were specifically identifiable or otherwise attributable to us. All intra-company transactions within our business were eliminated. All material transactions between us and other businesses of Viavi prior to Separation were reflected as net transfers to and from Viavi as a component of financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported amount of net revenue and expenses and the disclosure of commitments and contingencies during the reporting periods. We base estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions about the future believed to be reasonable based on available information. Our reported financial position or results of operations may be materially different under changed conditions or when using different estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to significant accounting policies. If estimates or assumptions differ from actual results, subsequent periods are adjusted to reflect more current information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider highly-liquid instruments such as money market funds with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Inventories
Inventories
Inventory is valued at standard cost, which approximates actual cost computed on a first-in, first-out basis, not in excess of net realizable value. We assess the valuation on a quarterly basis and write down the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon estimates of future demand. Our inventories include material, labor, and manufacturing overhead costs.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method generally over the following estimated useful lives of the assets: 10 to 50 years for building and improvements, 3 to 5 years for machinery and equipment, and 2 to 5 years for furniture, fixtures, software and office equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the term of the lease.
Goodwill
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We test for impairment of goodwill on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and at any other time when events occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. Refer to "Note 10. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Circumstances that could trigger an impairment test include, but are not limited to: a significant adverse change in the business climate or legal factors, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, change in customer, target market and strategy, unanticipated competition, loss of key personnel, or the likelihood that a reporting unit or significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed.
An assessment of qualitative factors may be performed to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the result of the qualitative assessment is that it is more likely than not (i.e., greater than 50% likelihood) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required.
Under the quantitative test, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. We historically estimated the fair value of a reporting unit using the market approach, which estimates the fair value based on comparable market prices. Significant estimates in the market approach include: identifying similar companies with comparable business factors such as size, growth, profitability, risk and return on investment, and assessing comparable revenue and operating income multiples in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit.
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of purchased intangible assets through acquisitions. Purchased intangible assets primarily include acquired developed technologies (developed and core technology). Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets, which is the period during which expected cash flows support the fair value of such intangible assets.
Long-lived Asset Valuation (Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization)
Long-lived Asset Valuation (Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization)
We test long-lived assets for recoverability, at the asset group level, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset, significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors, accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset, current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset, or current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed significantly before the end of its estimated useful life.
Recoverability is assessed based on the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and the eventual disposal of the asset. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds fair value.
Pension Benefits
Pension Benefits
The funded status of our retirement-related benefit plans is measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation at fiscal year end, the measurement date. The funded status of a underfunded benefit plan, of which the fair value of plan assets is less than the benefit obligation, is recognized as a non-current net pension liability in the consolidated balance sheets unless the fair value of plan assets is not sufficient to cover the expected payments to be made over the next year (or operating cycle, if longer) from the measurement date. For defined benefit pension plans, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation ("PBO") which represents the actuarial present value of benefits expected to be paid upon retirement.
Net periodic pension cost (income) ("NPPC") is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and includes service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost and (gains) losses previously recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Service cost represents the actuarial present value of participant benefits attributed to services rendered by employees in the current year. Interest cost represents the time value of money cost associated with the passage of time. (Gains) losses arise as a result of differences between actual experience and assumptions or as a result of changes in actuarial assumptions. Prior service cost (credit) represents the cost of benefit improvements attributable to prior service granted in plan amendments. (Gains) losses and prior service cost (credit) that arise during the current year are first recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balances sheets, net of tax. Prior service cost is amortized as a component of NPPC over the average remaining service period of active plan participants starting at the date the plan amendment is adopted. Deferred actuarial (gains) losses are subsequently recognized as a component of NPPC if they exceed the greater of ten percent of PBO or the fair value of plan assets, with the excess amortized over the average remaining service period of active plan participants.
The measurement of the benefit obligation and NPPC is based on our estimates and actuarial valuations, provided by third-party actuaries, which are approved by management. These valuations reflect the terms of the plans and use participant-specific information such as compensation, age and years of service, as well as certain assumptions, including estimates of discount rates, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increases, and mortality rates. We evaluate these assumptions annually at a minimum. In estimating the expected return on plan assets, we consider historical returns on plan assets, adjusted for forward-looking considerations, inflation assumptions and the impact of the active management of the plan's invested assets.
Concentration of Credit and Other Risks
Concentration of Credit and Other Risks
Financial instruments that potentially subject our business to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. We perform credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition and generally do not require collateral from our customers. These evaluations require significant judgment and are based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, current economic trends, payment history, bad debt write-off experience, and financial review of the customer.
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. When we become aware that a specific customer is unable to meet their financial obligations, we record a specific allowance to reflect the level of credit risk in the customer's outstanding receivable balance. In addition, we record additional allowances based on certain percentages of aged receivable balances. These percentages take into account a variety of factors including, but not limited to, current economic trends, payment history and bad debt write-off experience. We classify bad debt expenses as selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense.
We have significant trade receivables concentrated in the telecommunications industry. While our allowance for doubtful accounts balance is based on historical loss experience along with anticipated economic trends, unanticipated financial instability in the telecommunications industry could lead to higher than anticipated losses.
During fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, several customers generated more than 10% of total net revenue. Refer to "Note 16. Operating Segments and Geographic Information" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of July 2, 2016, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd represented greater than 10% of total account receivable, net and as of June 27, 2015, no customers represented greater than 10% of our total accounts receivable, net.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for a number of key components contained in our products. We also rely on a limited number of significant independent contract manufacturers for the production of certain key components and subassemblies contained in our products.
We generally use a rolling twelve month forecast based on anticipated product orders, customer forecasts, product order history and backlog to determine our materials requirements. Lead times for the parts and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for a component at a given time. If the forecast does not meet or if it exceeds actual demand, we may have excess or shortfalls of some materials and components, as well as excess inventory purchase commitments. We could experience reduced or delayed product shipments or incur additional inventory write-downs and cancellation charges or penalties, which would increase costs and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in a local currency environment, where that local currency is the functional currency, are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, with the resulting translation adjustments directly recorded to a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, within the consolidated statements of redeemable convertible preferred stock, stock holders equity, and invested equity. Income and expense accounts are translated at the prior month balance sheet exchange rates, which are deemed to approximate average monthly rate. Gains and losses from re-measurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the respective functional currencies are included in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of interest and other income (expense), net.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) the product has been delivered or the service has been rendered, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable and (iv) collection is reasonably assured. Revenue from product sales is recorded when all of the foregoing conditions are met and risk of loss and title passes to the customer. Our products typically include a warranty and the estimated cost of product warranty claims, based on historical experience, is recorded at the time the sale is recognized. Sales to customers are generally not subject to price protection or return rights.
The majority of our sales are made to OEMs, distributors, resellers and end-users. These sales do not require installation of the products by us and are not subject to other post-delivery obligations. Additionally, our sales to distributors, resellers and end-user customers typically do not have customer acceptance provisions.
Warranty
Warranty
We provide reserves for the estimated costs of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. We estimate the costs of our warranty obligations based on our historical experience of known product failure rates, use of materials to repair or replace defective products and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures. In addition, from time to time, specific warranty accruals may be made if unforeseen technical problems arise.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and Handling Costs
We record costs related to shipping and handling of revenue in cost of sales for all periods presented.
Research and Development ('R&D') Expense
Research and Development ("R&D") Expense
Costs related to R&D, which primarily consists of labor and benefits, supplies, facilities, consulting and outside service fees, are charged to expense as incurred.
Invested Equity
Invested Equity
This balance represents the accumulation of our net earnings over time, through the date of the Separation including stock-based compensation recorded, cash transferred to and from Viavi, and net intercompany between us and Viavi
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognized as compensation over the requisite service period. The fair value of time-based restricted units ("RSUs") is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date of the award. For awards granted prior to the Separation, the fair value of time-based RSUs was based on the closing market price of Viavi common stock on the grant date of the award. We estimate the fair value of employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP") shares using the Black-Scholes Merton option-pricing model. These valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the award's expected life, the price volatility of the underlying stock and the average volatility of peer companies.
We estimate the expected forfeiture rate and recognize only expense for those shares expected to vest. When estimating forfeitures, we consider historical forfeiture experiences as well as our expectation about future terminations and workforce reduction programs. Estimated forfeiture is trued up to actual forfeiture as the equity awards vest. The total fair value of the equity awards, net of forfeiture, is recorded on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period, except for performance stock units which are amortized on a graded vesting method.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Prior to the Separation, our operations in the United States were transacted within the same Viavi U.S. legal entities as the other Viavi businesses which have filed U.S. and state income tax returns on that basis. Accordingly, we were not able to retain many of the tax attributes attributable to our business as a matter of U.S. tax law. Therefore, we have not reflected on the balance sheet deferred tax assets and the corresponding valuation allowance related to certain federal net operating losses and credits generated before the Separation.
In accordance with the authoritative guidance on accounting for income taxes, we recognize income taxes using an asset and liability approach. This approach requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred taxes is based on provisions of the enacted tax law, and the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated.
The authoritative guidance provides for recognition of deferred tax assets if the realization of such deferred tax assets is more likely than not to occur based on an evaluation of both positive and negative evidence and the relative weight of the evidence. With the exception of certain international jurisdictions, we have determined that at this time it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets attributable to the remaining jurisdictions will not be realized, primarily due to uncertainties related to our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards before they expire. Accordingly, we have established a valuation allowance for such deferred tax assets. If there is a change in our ability to realize our deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance has been established, then our tax provision may decrease in the period in which we determine that realization is more likely than not. Likewise, if we determine that it is not more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized, then a valuation allowance may be established for such deferred tax assets and our tax provision may increase in the period in which we make the determination.
The authoritative guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity's financial statements, and prescribes the recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statements recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Additionally, it provides guidance on recognition, classification, and disclosure of tax positions. We are subject to income tax audits by the respective tax authorities in all of the jurisdictions in which we operate. The determination of tax liabilities in each of these jurisdictions requires the interpretation and application of complex and sometimes uncertain tax laws and regulations. We recognize liabilities based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional tax liabilities are more likely than not. If we ultimately determine that the payment of such a liability is not necessary, then we reverse the liability and recognize a tax benefit during the period in which the determination is made that the liability is no longer necessary.
The recognition and measurement of current taxes payable or refundable and deferred tax assets and liabilities requires that we make certain estimates and judgments. Changes to these estimates or a change in judgment may have a material impact on our tax provision in a future period.
Restructuring Accrual
Restructuring Accrual
We recognize a liability for post-employment benefits for workforce reductions related to restructuring activities when payment is probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. In the case of leases, the expense is estimated and accrued when the property is vacated. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the remaining liabilities under our restructuring initiatives. Although we believe that these estimates accurately reflect the costs of our restructuring plans, actual results may differ, thereby requiring us to record additional provisions or reverse a portion of such provisions.
In addition to the restructuring plans directly attributable to us, a portion of restructuring and related charges related to corporate and shared services employees was allocated by Viavi to us for restructuring activities prior to the Separation date.
Loss Contingencies
Loss Contingencies
We are subject to the possibility of various loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. We consider the likelihood of loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as our ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We regularly evaluate current information available to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required.
Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO")
Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO")
Our ARO are legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets pertaining to leasehold improvements. These liabilities are initially recorded at fair value and the related asset retirement costs are capitalized by increasing the carrying amount of the related assets by the same amount as the liability. Asset retirement costs are subsequently depreciated over the useful lives of the related assets. Subsequent to initial recognition, we record period-to-period changes in the ARO liability resulting from the passage of time and revisions to either the timing or the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows. We derecognize ARO liabilities when the related obligations are settled.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 amends the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology, which will result in the more timely recognition of losses. The new standard applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost basis, including receivables that result from revenue transactions and held-to-maturity debt securities. The new guidance will be effective for the Company starting in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Early adoption is permitted starting in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The Company is in the process of determining the effects the adoption will have on its consolidated financial  statements as well as whether to adopt the new guidance early. 
In March 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. ASU 2016-9, Stock Compensation (“ASU 718”) - Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This guidance simplifies various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company will adopt this standard in fiscal year 2018. The Company has not yet determined the effect, that the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements or results of operations.
In February 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The new guidance generally requires an entity to recognize on its balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic 825-10) (“ASU 2016-01”). The new standard provides guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”), which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the need for entities to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. We early adopted this guidance effective December 26, 2015 on a prospective basis. No prior periods were retrospectively adjusted. Refer to "Note 12. Income Taxes" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-04 Compensation-Retirement Benefits, ("ASU 2015-04") to provide a practical expedient that permits the entity to measure defined benefit plan assets and obligations using the month-end that is closest to the entity’s fiscal year-end and apply that practical expedient consistently from year to year. This guidance is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. Prospective application is required, and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which amended the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 establishes principles for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard requires that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. On July 9, 2015, FASB agreed to delay the effective date by one year and, accordingly, the new standard is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but not before the original effective date of the standard. The new standard is required to be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying it recognized at the date of initial application. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance to clarify the two aspects of authoritative guidance related to the new revenue recognition guidance issued in May 2014: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in the guidance are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in the new revenue recognition guidance issued in May 2014. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.
On August 27, 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The new guidance requires management of public and private companies to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and, if so, disclose that fact. Management will also be required to evaluate and disclose whether its plans alleviate that doubt. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the requirement will have an impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.