Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

(9) Income Taxes

The Company indirectly owns 100% of the equity of TRSs. TRSs are subject to applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax on their taxable income. In addition, as a REIT, the Company also may be subject to a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between it and its TRSs that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction as well as various state and local jurisdictions. The filings are subject to normal reviews by tax authorities until the related statute of limitations expires. The years open to examination generally range from 2017 to present.

ASC 740 also prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company has analyzed its various federal and state filing positions and believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions are well documented and supported. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, based on the Company’s evaluation, the Company did not have any material uncertain income tax positions.

The Company’s policy is to classify interest and penalties associated with underpayment of U.S. federal and state income taxes, if any, as a component of general and administrative expense on its consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have interest or penalties associated with the underpayment of any income taxes.

The Company owns, through an entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes (“Parent LLC”), 100% of the common equity in Sub-REIT, which qualifies as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is a separate taxpayer from both the Company and Parent LLC. Parent LLC is owned by the Company both directly and indirectly through a TRS. The Company, through Sub-REIT, issues CRE CLOs to finance on a non-recourse, non-mark-to-market basis a large proportion of its loan investment portfolio. Due to unusually low LIBOR rates beginning in March 2020 coupled with high interest rate floors relating to many loans and participation interests pledged to Sub-REIT’s CLOs, certain of Sub-REIT’s CRE CLOs currently generate EII, which is treated as UBTI. Published IRS guidance requires that Sub-REIT allocate its EII in accordance with its dividends paid. Accordingly, EII generated by Sub-REIT’s CRE CLOs is allocated to Parent LLC. Pursuant to the Parent LLC operating agreement, any EII allocated from Sub-REIT to Parent LLC is allocated further to the TRS. Consequently, no EII is allocated to the Company and, as a result, the Company’s shareholders will not be allocated any EII (or UBTI attributable to such EII) by the Company. The tax liability borne by the TRS on the EII is at the highest U.S. federal corporate tax rate (currently 21%). This tax liability is included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and balance sheets of the Company.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of federal, state, and local tax expense. As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s effective tax rate was 0.4% and 2.8%, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had no income tax assets and a $0.1 million income tax liability recorded for the operating activities of the Company’s TRSs. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no income tax assets and a $0.3 million income tax liability recorded for the operating activities of the Company’s TRSs.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold all of its CRE debt securities and recorded losses from these sales of $203.4 million, which became available to offset qualifying capital gains of the Company in 2020 and, to the extent those capital losses exceeded the Company’s capital gains for 2020, such losses were carried forward to offset capital gains in future years. The Company recognized no capital gains during the year ended December 31, 2020 and recognized capital gains of $15.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, utilizing its capital loss carryforwards to offset an equal amount for income tax purposes. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $187.6 million of remaining capital losses that it can carryforward into future years.

The Company does not expect these losses to reduce the amount that the Company will be required to distribute in accordance with the requirement that the Company distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of the Company’s REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain) each year in order to continue to qualify as a REIT.