Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Change in Accounting Principle

Basis of Presentation

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2016, has been derived from audited financial statements as of that date. The interim consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may occur for the full fiscal year. Certain footnote disclosure normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) has been omitted pursuant to instructions, rules, and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The disclosures provided herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2016 Form 10-K.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Certain GAAP policies that significantly affect the determination of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, are summarized below. See “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2” in our 2016 Form 10-K for a complete summary of our significant accounting policies.

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period. Those estimates are inherently subject to change and actual results could differ from those estimates. In the accompanying consolidated financial statements, estimates are used for, but not limited to, the valuation of assets, liabilities, consideration related to business combinations and step acquisitions, revenue recognition including discounts and credits, estimated selling prices for deliverables in multiple element arrangements, contingent payments, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciable lives of assets, impairment of long lived assets (including equity method investments), stock-based compensation, deferred income taxes and valuation allowance, contingent liabilities, valuation of intangible assets (including goodwill) and the useful lives of intangible assets.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Evolent Health, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Operating Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of a business that earn revenue and incur expenses for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated, on a regular basis, by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to decide how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s CODM, the Chief Executive Officer, allocates resources at a consolidated level and therefore the Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment. All of the Company’s revenue is generated in the United States and all assets are located in the United States.

Restricted Cash and Restricted Investments

Restricted cash and restricted investments are carried at cost and include cash and investments used to collateralize various contractual obligations (in thousands) as follows:



	As of			As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2017			2016
Collateral for letters of credit
for facility leases ⁽¹⁾	$	3,948		$	4,852
Collateral with financial institutions ⁽²⁾	4,950			4,950
Pharmacy benefit management
and claims processing services ⁽³⁾	22,035			30,555
Other	982			59
Total restricted cash
and restricted investments	31,915			40,416

Non-current restricted investments ⁽²⁾	4,950			4,950
Non-current restricted cash ⁽¹⁾	3,711			1,050
Total non-current restricted cash
and restricted investments	8,661			6,000
Current restricted cash
and restricted investments	$	23,254		$	34,416

⁽¹⁾ Represents restricted cash related to collateral for letters of credit required in conjunction with lease agreements. See Note 9 for further discussion of our lease commitments.

⁽²⁾ Represents collateral for letters of credit held with financial institutions for risk-sharing arrangements. The collateral amount is invested in restricted certificates of deposit with original maturities in excess of 12 months. The restricted investments are classified as held-to-maturity and stated at amortized cost. Fair value of the certificates of deposit is determined using Level 2 inputs and approximates cost as of March 31, 2017. See Note 9 for further discussion of our risk-sharing arrangements.

⁽³⁾ Represents cash held on behalf of clients to process PBM and other claims.

Goodwill

We recognize the excess of the purchase price, plus the fair value of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed at least annually for indications of impairment, with consideration given to financial performance and other relevant factors. We perform impairment tests of goodwill at our single reporting unit level, which is consistent with the way management evaluates our business. Acquisitions to date have been complementary to the Company’s core business, and therefore goodwill is assigned to our single reporting unit to reflect the synergies arising from each business combination.

As discussed in Note 3, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, effective January 1, 2017. The adoption resulted in an update to our accounting policy for goodwill impairment. Under the updated policy, we perform a one-step test in our evaluation of the carrying value of goodwill, if qualitative factors determine it is necessary to complete a goodwill impairment test. In the evaluation, the fair value of the relevant reporting unit is determined and compared to the carrying value. If the fair value is greater than the carrying value, then the carrying value is deemed to be recoverable, and no further action is required. If the fair value estimate is less than the carrying value, goodwill is considered impaired for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value and a charge is reported in impairment of goodwill on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 7 for additional discussion regarding goodwill impairment tests.

Change in Accounting Principle

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-09, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. During the second quarter of 2016, we elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2016.

Adoption of ASU 2016-09 resulted in a cumulative effect reduction to beginning retaining earnings of $0.5 million as of January 1, 2016, and an increase in net income (loss) of approximately $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was due to our policy election to recognize share-based award forfeitures as they occur, as opposed to applying an estimated forfeiture rate. As we adopted the new guidance during the second quarter of 2016, the revised results of operations were not reflected in our Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2016, filed with the SEC on May 16, 2016. However, the revised results of operations were incorporated in this Form 10-Q and our 2016 Form 10-K. See “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 18” in our 2016 Form 10-K for further information about the impact of the adoption.