Fair Value Measurement

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) assuming an orderly transaction in the most advantageous market at the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:


•	Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical instruments as of the reporting date;


•	Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date and the fair value can be determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies; and


•	Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the particular asset or liability being measured.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with GAAP, certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):



	As of March 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents ⁽¹⁾	$	5,986	$	—	$	—	$	5,986

Liabilities
Contingent consideration ⁽²⁾	$	—	$	—	$	8,300	$	8,300



	As of December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents ⁽¹⁾	$	1,128	$	—	$	—	$	1,128

Liabilities
Contingent consideration ⁽²⁾	$	—	$	—	$	8,300	$	8,300

⁽¹⁾ Represents the cash and cash equivalents that were held in a money market fund as of March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, as presented in the tables above.

⁽²⁾ Represents the contingent earn-out consideration related to the Passport acquisition as described further in Note 4.

The Company recognizes any transfers between levels within the hierarchy as of the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between fair value levels for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

In the absence of observable market prices, the fair value is based on the best information available and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks.

As discussed in Note 4, the strategic alliance with Passport includes a provision for additional equity consideration contingent upon the Company obtaining new third party Medicaid business in future periods. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Passport contingent consideration are the five-year risk-adjusted recurring revenue compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) and the applicable discount rate. A significant increase in the assumed five-year risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR projection or decrease in discount rate in isolation would result in a significantly higher fair value of the contingent consideration.

The changes in our contingent consideration, measured at fair value, for which the Company uses Level 3 inputs to determine fair value are as follows (in thousands):



	For the Three
	Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
Balance as of beginning-of-period	$	8,300	$	—
Additions	—		7,766
Balance as of end-of-period	$	8,300	$	7,766

The following table summarizes the fair value (in thousands), valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs of our Level 3 fair value measurements as of March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016:



	Fair		Valuation	Significant	Assumption or
	Value		Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Input Ranges
Contingent consideration ⁽¹⁾	$	8,300	Real options approach	Risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR	97.0	%	⁽²⁾
				Discount rate/time value	2.5% - 4.5%

⁽¹⁾ Related to additional Passport earn-out consideration as described further in Note 4.

⁽²⁾ The risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR is calculated over the five year period 2017-2021. Given that there was no recurring revenue in 2016, the calculation of the 2017 growth rate is based on a theoretical 2016 recurring revenue of $1.0 million, resulting in a higher growth rate. The risk-adjusted recurring revenue CAGR over the period 2018-2021 is 50.8%.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

In addition to the assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by GAAP. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. This includes goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, held-to-maturity investments and equity method investments. While not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, these items are continually monitored for indicators of impairment that would indicate current carrying value is greater than fair value. In those situations, the assets are considered impaired and written down to current fair value. Refer to Notes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 13 for further discussion of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents (those not held in a money market fund), restricted cash, receivables, prepaid expenses, accrued liabilities, accrued compensation and deferred rent approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these items and financial instruments.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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