Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, each of their consolidated properties, and all other entities in which they have a controlling financial interest. For entities that meet the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”), the Company consolidates such entities when the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity. The Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary when it possesses both the unilateral power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company continually evaluates whether it qualifies as the primary beneficiary and reconsiders its determination of whether an entity is a VIE upon reconsideration events. As of December 31, 2022, the Company consolidates two VIEs in which we are considered the primary beneficiary, as the Company has the power to direct the activities of the entities, specifically surrounding the development plan. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has investments in several unconsolidated VIEs and does not consolidate these entities because the Company is not the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

To the extent such variable interests are in entities that are not evaluated under the VIE model, the Company evaluates its interests using the voting interest entity model.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, holds a 100% interest in the Operating Partnership and is the sole general partner which gives the Company exclusive and complete responsibility for the day-to-day management, authority to make decisions, and control of the Operating Partnership.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant assumptions and estimates relate to real estate impairment assessments, and assessing the recoverability of accounts receivable. These estimates are based on historical experience and other assumptions which management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and makes revisions to these estimates and related disclosures as experience develops or new information becomes known. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Segment Reporting

The Company currently operates in a single reportable segment which includes the ownership, development, redevelopment, management, sale and leasing of real estate properties. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its principal executive officer, assesses and measures the operating and financial results for each property on an individual basis and does not distinguish or group properties based on geography, size, or type. The Company, therefore, aggregates all properties into one reportable segment due to their similarities with regard to the nature and economics of the properties, tenants, and operational process.

Real Estate Investments

Real estate assets are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization.

Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance will be expensed as incurred. Significant renovations which improve the property or extend the useful life of the assets are capitalized. As real estate is undergoing redevelopment activities, all amounts directly associated with and attributable to the project, including planning, development and construction costs, interest costs, personnel costs of employees directly involved, and other miscellaneous costs incurred during the period of redevelopment, are capitalized. The capitalization period begins when redevelopment activities are underway and ends when the project is substantially complete.

Depreciation of real estate assets, excluding land, is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives which generally range between:


Buildings:	25 – 40 years
Site improvements:	5 – 15 years
Tenant improvements:	shorter of the estimated useful life or non-cancelable term of lease

The Company amortizes identified intangibles that have finite lives over the period they are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the property or business acquired, generally the remaining non-cancelable term of a related lease.

The Company, on a periodic basis, assesses whether there are indicators that the value of the real estate assets may be impaired. If an indicator is identified, management will estimate the real estate asset recoverability based on projected operating cash flows (undiscounted and unleveraged), taking into account the anticipated holding period and capitalization rates, to determine if the undiscounted cash flows are less than a real estate asset’s carrying value. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an analysis is performed to determine the estimated fair value of the real asset. In estimating the fair value of an asset, various factors are considered, including expected future operating income, trends and leasing prospects, including the effects of demand, competition, and other economic factors, such as discount rates and market comparables. Changes in any estimates and/or assumptions, including the anticipated holding period, could have a material impact on the projected operating cash flows. If management determines that the carrying value of a real estate asset is impaired, a loss will be recorded for the excess of its carrying amount over its estimated fair value. The Company recognized impairment losses of $126.9 million, $95.8 million and $64.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Real Estate Dispositions

When the Company disposes of all or a portion of a real estate asset, it recognizes a gain or loss on sale of real estate as the difference between the carrying value and consideration received. Consideration consists of cash proceeds received and in certain circumstances, non-cash consideration when a property is contributed to an investment in unconsolidated entity. Gains and losses from the disposition of real estate are recorded as gain (loss) on sale of real estate on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 4 for more information on the Company’s unconsolidated entity transactions.

The following table summarizes the Company’s gain on sale of real estate, net during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (in millions):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Contributions to unconsolidated entities:
Gross proceeds	$	—	$	30.0	$	27.0
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate, net		—		22.6		(1.5	)
Dispositions to third parties:
Gross proceeds	$	650.3	$	395.4	$	333.4
Gain on sale of real estate, net (1)		211.9		197.0		120.1
Total gains on contributions and dispositions, net	$	211.9	$	219.6	$	118.6

(1)

Excludes gain of $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, related to the revaluation of Cockeysville JV to adjust the gain from $12.5 million to $14.6 million and loss of $30.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, related to the revaluation of Mark 302 JV to adjust the gain from $38.8 million to $8.8 million as further described in Note 4 below.

Real Estate Held for Sale

When a real estate asset is identified by management as held for sale, the Company ceases depreciation of the asset and estimates its fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. If the estimated fair value, net of estimated costs to sell, of an asset is less than its net carrying value, an adjustment is recorded to reflect the estimated fair value. Properties classified as real estate held for sale generally represent properties that are under contract for sale and are expected to close within a year.

In evaluating whether a property meets the held for sale criteria, the Company makes a determination as to the point in time that it is probable that a sale will be consummated. Given the nature of all real estate sales contracts, it is not unusual for such contracts to allow potential buyers a period of time to evaluate the property prior to formal acceptance of the contract. In addition, certain other matters critical to the final sale, such as financing arrangements, often remain pending even upon contract acceptance. As a result, properties under contract may not close within the expected time period or at all.

As of December 31, 2022, 34 properties, including three partial sites and pad sites, were classified as held for sale with assets of $455.6 million and no liabilities, and as of December 31, 2021, no properties were classified as held for sale.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company accounts for its investments in Unconsolidated Entities using the equity method of accounting as the Company exercises significant influence but does not have a controlling financial interest. These investments are initially recorded at cost and are subsequently adjusted for cash contributions, cash distributions, and earnings which are recognized in accordance with the terms of the applicable agreement.

On a periodic basis, management assesses whether there are indicators, including the operating performance of the underlying real estate and general market conditions which include macroeconomic conditions, that the value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities may be impaired. An investment’s value is impaired if management’s estimate of the fair value of the Company’s investment is less than its carrying value and such difference is deemed to be other-than-temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over its estimated fair value.

The Company recorded $35.6 million in other-than-temporary impairment losses in investments in unconsolidated entities for the year ended December 31, 2022 in equity in loss of unconsolidated entities on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. No such impairment losses were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020.

Restricted Cash

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, restricted cash represents cash collateral for a letter of credit.

Rental Revenue Recognition and Tenant Receivables

Rental income is comprised of base rent and reimbursements of property operating expenses. The Company commences rental revenue recognition when the lessee takes control of the physical use of the leased asset based on an evaluation of several factors. Base rent is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable terms of the related leases. For leases that have fixed and measurable base rent escalations, the difference between such rental income earned and the cash rent due under the provisions of the lease is recorded as straight-line rent receivable and included as a component of tenant and other receivables on the consolidated balance sheets. Reimbursement of property operating expenses arises from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of the operating expenses and real estate taxes of the respective property. This revenue is accrued in the same periods as the expenses are incurred.

The Company periodically reviews its receivables for collectability, taking into consideration changes in factors such as the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates, and economic conditions in the area where the property is located. Tenant receivables, including receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents, are written-off directly when management deems that the collectability of substantially all future lease payments from a specified lease is not probable of collection, at which point, the Company will begin recognizing revenue on a cash basis, based on actual amounts received. Any receivables that are deemed to be uncollectible are recognized as a reduction to rental income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. If future circumstances change such that the Company believes that it is reasonably certain that the Company will collect all rental income remaining on such leases, the Company will resume accruing rental income and recognize a cumulative catch up for previously written-off receivables.

The Company recorded a reduction to rental income of $1.4 million, $0.2 million and $5.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, as a result of the Company’s evaluation of collectability. In addition, the Company recorded an increase of income of previously recorded bad debt on straight-line rent of $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and reductions of income of previously recorded straight-line rent of $1.2 million and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an increase to rental income of $0.7 million, an increase to rental income of $0.8 million, and a decrease to rental income of $1.8 million related to the allowance for deferral agreements, respectively.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has entered into amendments to existing leases with certain tenants (the “Rent Deferral Agreements”), that provide for the deferral of all or some portion of rental payments due during the period which such tenant was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (“Deferred Rent”). The Rent Deferral Agreements typically provide for repayment of the Deferred Rent within six to 12 months following the end of the rent deferral period and, in many instances, waive certain other conditions in favor of the Company while Deferred Rent is outstanding. Deferred Rent generally becomes immediately due and payable under the Rent Deferral Agreements if the tenant does not make the minimum contractual payments or otherwise defaults on the lease. We recognize lease concessions related to the COVID-19 pandemic such as rent deferrals and abatements in accordance with the Lease Modification Q&A issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), in April 2020, which provides entities with the option to elect to account for lease concessions as though the enforceable rights and obligations existed in the original lease. As a result, the Company has not adjusted accrued rental revenues or the portion of accrued rental revenues related to the straight-line method for the portion which has been deferred. When the Deferred Rent is repaid, the Company will relieve the accrual in tenant and other receivables.

In leasing tenant space, the Company may provide funding to the lessee through a tenant allowance. In accounting for a tenant allowance, the Company will determine whether the allowance represents funding for the construction of leasehold improvements and evaluate the ownership of such improvements. If the Company is considered the owner of the improvements for accounting purposes, the Company will capitalize the amount of the tenant allowance and depreciate it over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the related lease term. If the tenant allowance represents a payment for a purpose other than funding leasehold improvements, or in the event the Company is not considered the owner of the improvements for accounting purposes, the allowance is considered a lease incentive and is recognized over the lease term as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis.

Tenant and Other Receivables

Tenant and other receivables includes unpaid amounts billed to tenants, accrued revenues for future billings to tenants for property expenses, and amounts arising from the straight-lining of rent, as discussed above. Tenant and other receivables also includes management fees receivable for services performed for the benefit of certain unconsolidated entities. In the event that the collectability of a management fee receivable is in doubt, a provision for uncollectible amounts will be established or a direct write-off of the specific receivable will be made.

Management and Other Fee Income

Management and other fee income represents property management, construction, leasing and development fees for services performed for the benefit of certain unconsolidated entities.

Property management fee income is reported at 100% of the revenue earned from such Unconsolidated Properties in management and other fee income on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s share of management expenses incurred by the unconsolidated entities is reported in equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated entities on the consolidated statements of operations and in other expenses in the combined financial data in Note 4.

Leasing and development fees are initially reported at the portion of revenue earned attributable to outside ownership of the related unconsolidated entities. The Company’s share in leasing and development fee income is recognized over the useful life of the associated development project, in the case of development fees, or lease term, in the case of leasing fees, as the associated asset is depreciated over the same term and included in equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated entities on the consolidated statements of operations and in other expenses in the combined financial data in Note 4.

Management determined that property and asset management and construction and development management services each represent a series of stand-ready performance obligations satisfied over time with each day of service being a distinct performance obligation. For property and asset management services, the Company is typically compensated for its services through a monthly management fee earned based on a specified percentage of monthly rental income or rental receipts generated from the property under management. For construction and development services, the Company is typically compensated for planning, administering and monitoring the design and construction of projects within our unconsolidated entities based on a percentage of project costs or a fixed fee. Revenues from such management contracts are recognized over the life of the applicable contract.

Conversely, leasing services are considered to be performance obligations, satisfied as of a point in time. The Company’s leasing fee is typically paid upon the occurrence of certain contractual event(s) that may be contingent and the pattern of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment. For these services, the obligations are typically satisfied at lease execution and tenant opening date, and revenue is recognized in accordance with the related agreement at the point in time when the obligation has been satisfied.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company generally recognizes equity awards to employees as compensation expense and includes such expense within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Compensation expense for equity awards is based on the grant date fair value of the awards. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period for awards with time-based vesting and awards with market-based vesting conditions (e.g. total shareholder return). For awards with performance-based vesting determined by Company operating criteria, the Company recognizes compensation expense at the date the achievement of performance criteria is deemed probable for the amount which would have been recognized ratably from the date of the grant through the date the achievement of performance criteria is deemed probable, and then ratably from the date the achievement of performance criteria is deemed probable through the remainder of the vesting period. The Company utilizes a third-party valuation firm to measure the grant date fair value of restricted stock unit awards with market-based criteria using the Monte Carlo model. Forfeitures are recorded on an actual basis.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of operators, tenants, or obligors related to the Company’s investments are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. Management believes the Company’s portfolio is reasonably diversified and does not contain any significant concentrations of credit risk. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has one tenant that comprises 14.0% of annualized based rent, with no other tenants exceeding 10.0% of annualized based rent. The Company’s portfolio of 80 Consolidated Properties and 17 Unconsolidated Properties was diversified by location across 28 states.

Earnings per Share

The Company has three classes of common stock. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of the Company’s Class A common shares and Class C non-voting common shares are identical, except with respect to voting. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis. The net earnings (loss) per share amounts are the same for Class A and Class C common shares because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation. Since August 29, 2018, all outstanding Class C common shares had been exchanged for Class A common shares and there are currently no Class C common shares outstanding.

Class B non-economic common shares are excluded from earnings per share computations as they do not have economic rights. As of December 31, 2020, all outstanding Class B common shares had been surrendered and there are currently no Class B common shares outstanding.

All outstanding non-vested shares that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are considered participating securities and are included in computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method which specifies that all outstanding non-vested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to distributions are considered participating securities and should be included in the computation of earnings per share.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

During the year ended December 31, 2022, no new accounting pronouncements were adopted Any other recently issued accounting standards or pronouncements not disclosed have been excluded as they either are not applicable to the Company, or they are not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The following presents Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) issued by FASB which have been adopted by the Company:


ASU	Description	Adoption Date	Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) ASU 2018-19, Codification improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses	ASU 2016-13 changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments, requiring the use of an “expected credit loss” model and adding more disclosure requirements. ASU 2018-19 clarifies that impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases.	January 1, 2020	The Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-13 and 2018-19 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
The Lease Modification Q&A	In April 2020, the FASB staff issued the Lease Modification Q&A focused on the application of lease accounting guidance to lease concessions provided as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Under existing lease guidance, the Company would have to determine, on a lease by lease basis, if a lease concession was the result of a new arrangement reached with the tenant or if a lease concession was under the enforceable rights and obligations within the existing lease agreement. The Lease Modification Q&A allows the Company, if certain criteria have been met, to bypass the lease by lease analysis, and instead elect to either apply the lease modification accounting framework or not, with such election applied consistently to leases with similar characteristics and similar circumstances.	April 10, 2020	The Company elected to avail itself of the relief provided in the Lease Modification Q&A for all leases which were modified during the second quarter of 2020. The Company entered into Rent Deferral Agreements on 66 leases during the year ended December 31, 2020 and one additional lease during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company has determined that the deferral agreements are all substantially similar arrangements and has elected to bypass the lease by lease analysis. This election did not result in a material change to the Company’s financial statements. The impact of this election is dependent upon the circumstances and characteristics of future modifications and as such the impact of the Lease Modification Q&A may change. Refer to Note 2 for further information regarding the deferral agreements and their impact to the Company’s results of operations.