S-1 1 d392110ds1.htm FORM S-1 Form S-1
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 20, 2017

Registration No. 333-            

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

SailPoint Technologies Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   7372   47-1628077
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

 

 

11305 Four Points Drive, Building 2, Suite 100

Austin, TX 78726

(512) 346-2000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Christopher Schmitt

General Counsel

SailPoint Technologies Holdings, Inc.

11305 Four Points Drive, Building 2, Suite 100

Austin, TX 78726

(512) 346-2000

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Paul R. Tobias

J. Wesley Jones

Lanchi D. Huynh

Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.

2801 Via Fortuna, Suite 100

Austin, TX 78746

(512) 542-8400

 

Kenneth J. Gordon

Joseph C. Theis

Goodwin Procter LLP

100 Northern Avenue

Boston, MA 02210

(617) 570-1000

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public:

As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box:  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer    ☐    Accelerated filer    ☐    Non-accelerated filer    ☒    Smaller reporting company    ☐    Emerging growth company    ☒
      (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)      

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of Securities

to be Registered

  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price(1)(2)
  Amount of
Registration Fee

Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share

  $100,000,000   $12,450

 

 

(1) Includes the aggregate offering price of additional shares that the underwriters have the option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)

Issued                     , 2017

                     Shares

 

LOGO

COMMON STOCK

 

 

SailPoint Technologies Holdings, Inc. is offering                  shares of common stock. The selling stockholders identified in this prospectus are offering an additional             shares of common stock. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares being sold by the selling stockholders. This is our initial public offering and no public market currently exists for our shares. We anticipate that the initial public offering price will be between $         and $         per share.

 

 

We have applied to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SAIL.”

 

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the federal securities laws, and as such, we have elected to comply with certain reduced reporting requirements for this prospectus and may elect to do so in future filings. Investing in our common stock involves risks. Please see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 16.

 

 

After this offering, Thoma Bravo Fund XI, L.P., Thoma Bravo Fund XI-A, L.P., Thoma Bravo Executive Fund XI, L.P. and their affiliated entities will own approximately     % of our common stock (or     % of our common stock if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full). As a result, we expect to be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of the New York Stock Exchange. See “Management—Status as a Controlled Company.”

 

 

PRICE $            A SHARE

 

 

 

      

Price to

Public

      

Underwriting

Discounts

and

Commissions(1)

      

Proceeds to

SailPoint

      

Proceeds to

Selling
Stockholders

 

Per Share

       $                   $                   $                   $           

Total

       $                              $                              $                              $                      

 

(1)   See the section titled “Underwriting” for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.

We and the selling stockholders have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional              shares and              shares of common stock, respectively, at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount to cover over-allotments, if any.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to purchasers on                     , 2017.

 

 

 

MORGAN STANLEY   CITIGROUP   JEFFERIES   RBC CAPITAL MARKETS

 

KEYBANC CAPITAL MARKETS

 

 

CANACCORD GENUITY

 

 

OPPENHEIMER & CO.

                    , 2017


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LOGO

Our fundamental belief is that identity is power. Our mission is to enable enterprises to grow and innovate, securely and efficiently.


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LOGO

Security Reduce risk of data breaches exploiting identities IT Ops Automate identity processes that previously consumed IT resources Compliance Address regulations including SOX, GDPR and HIPAA Data bases Operating Systems Mainframe Apps Unstructured Data Infrastructure On-prem Apps Web Apps Devices Cloud Apps Directories Identity is Power SailPoint The Power of Identity


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

Through and including                 , 2017 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

 

 

Neither we nor the selling stockholders have authorized anyone to provide any information or make any representations other than the information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the selling stockholders take responsibility for, or provide any assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.

We and the selling stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

For investors outside of the United States: neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information that is presented in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “SailPoint,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” in this prospectus refer to SailPoint Technologies Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Thoma Bravo Funds” refers to Thoma Bravo Fund XI, L.P., Thoma Bravo Fund XI-A, L.P. and Thoma Bravo Executive Fund XI, L.P., and the term “Thoma Bravo” refers to Thoma Bravo, LLC, the management company and ultimate general partner of the Thoma Bravo Funds.

SAILPOINT TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC.

Our Vision

Our fundamental belief is that identity is power. Our mission is to enable enterprises to grow and innovate, securely and efficiently. To do so, we have created our open identity platform that empowers users and governs their access to applications and data across complex, hybrid IT environments.

Overview

SailPoint is the leading provider of enterprise identity governance solutions. Our team of visionary industry veterans launched SailPoint to empower our customers to efficiently and securely govern the digital identities of employees, contractors, business partners and other users, and manage their constantly changing access rights to enterprise applications and data. Our open identity platform provides organizations with critical visibility into who currently has access to which resources, who should have access to those resources, and how that access is being used. We offer both on-premises software and cloud-based solutions, which provide organizations with the intelligence required to empower users and govern their access to applications and data across hybrid IT environments, whether comprised of on-premises, cloud or mobile applications. We help customers enable their businesses with more agile and innovative IT, enhance their security posture and better meet compliance and regulatory requirements. Our customers include many of the world’s largest and most complex organizations, including commercial enterprises, educational institutions and governments.

Organizations globally are investing in technologies such as cloud computing and mobility to improve employee productivity, business agility and competitiveness. Today, enterprise environments are more open and interconnected with their business partners, contractors, vendors and customers. Business users have driven a dramatic increase in the number of applications and data that organizations need to manage, much of which sits beyond the traditional network perimeter. Because of these trends, the attack surface is expanding while well-funded cyber attackers have significantly increased the frequency and sophistication of their attacks. As a result, IT professionals need to manage and secure increasingly complex hybrid IT environments within these extended enterprises.

Attackers frequently target the identity vector as it allows them to leverage user identities to gain access to high-value systems and data while concealing their activity and movements within an organization’s IT infrastructure. According to the Verizon 2017 Data Breach Investigations Report, 81% of hacking-related

 



 

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breaches involve the misuse of identity credentials, leveraging stolen and/or weak passwords. The consequences of a data breach can be extremely damaging, with organizations facing significant costs to remediate the breach and repair brand and reputational damage. In addition, governments and regulatory bodies have increased efforts to protect users and their data with a new wave of regulatory and compliance measures that are further burdening organizations and levying severe penalties for non-compliance. As a result of these trends, enterprises are struggling to efficiently manage and secure their digital identities.

We believe that our open identity platform is a critical, foundational layer of a modern cyber security strategy that complements and builds upon traditional perimeter- and endpoint-centric security solutions, which on their own are increasingly insufficient to secure organizations, and their applications and data. We deliver a user-centric security platform that combines identity and data governance solutions to form a holistic view of the enterprise. In combination with our technology partners, we create identity awareness throughout our customers’ environments by providing valuable insights into, and incorporating information from, a broad range of enterprise software and security solutions. Our governance platform provides a system of record for digital identities across our customers’ IT environments while allowing them to remain agile and competitive. Our adaptable solutions integrate seamlessly into existing technology stacks, allowing organizations to maximize the value of their technology investments. Our professionals work closely with customers throughout the implementation lifecycle, from documentation to development to integration.

Our solutions address the complex needs of global enterprises and mid-market organizations. Our go-to-market strategy consists of both direct sales and indirect sales through resellers, such as Optiv, and system integrators, including Accenture, Deloitte, KPMG and PwC. As of June 30, 2017, more than 750 customers across a wide variety of industries were using our products to enable and secure digital identities across the globe.

Our leadership in identity governance has been recognized by independent research firms. Gartner has named us a leader in their Magic Quadrant for Identity Governance and Administration for the fifth consecutive time.(1) Also, SailPoint has been named a leader in Forrester’s Identity Management and Governance Wave report and a leader in KuppingerCole’s Identity as a Service Leadership Compass.

Our revenue grew at a compound annual growth rate of 41% from the year ended 2011 to the year ended 2016. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, our revenue was $95.4 million, $132.4 million, $56.9 million and $74.7 million, respectively. During such periods, purchase accounting adjustments reduced our revenue by $5.6 million, $1.4 million, $0.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, our net loss was $10.8 million, $3.2 million, $4.2 million and $6.6 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, our net cash provided by operations was $3.6 million, $6.5 million, $4.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively.

Industry Background

Enterprises are Adopting New Technologies, Resulting in Complex IT Environments

Modern Organizations Have Hybrid IT Environments. Organizations have invested trillions of dollars over the last several decades in building large, complex IT environments to automate business processes, improve efficiency and gain a competitive advantage. Historically, the vast majority of this spend was for technologies deployed on-premises. While organizations are shifting a portion of their IT budgets to invest in technologies such as cloud computing, the majority of IT investment remains on-premises. Consequently, organizations continue to operate highly complex hybrid IT environments, and will do so for many years to come.

 

(1)  Gartner, Inc., “Magic Quadrant for Identity Governance and Administration,” dated February 22, 2017. See “Market and Industry Data” for information regarding the industry data used in this prospectus.

 



 

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The Extended Enterprise Increases Risk. Enterprises increasingly allow business partners and customers to access their IT environments. While providing this access is critical in today’s competitive and highly-connected world, it significantly increases the number of digital identities that enterprises need to manage and exposes enterprises to new risks.

Unstructured Data is Exploding within Enterprises. Enterprises are increasingly digitizing business activities to improve and transform their operations, leading to unprecedented growth in data volumes. According to IDC estimates, over 13 times as much data was created in 2016 as compared to 2010. A byproduct of enterprise digitization is the massive growth and sprawl of unstructured data, such as text documents, emails and other user-generated content, which is often highly sensitive or critical. Comprehensively securing access to all enterprise data is becoming increasingly difficult.

Advances in Robotic Process Automation (“RPA”) Software and Internet of Things (“IoT”) Further Increase Complexity and Present Unknown Risks. A digital identity no longer correlates only to a human user. The notion of what an identity encapsulates has expanded to include a range of intelligent software, like RPA which can mimic the activity of a human operator, and connected devices. RPA software and IoT devices represent billions of new identities for organizations to potentially secure, govern and manage.

Security Threats are Raising the Stakes for Organizations Everywhere

Cyber Criminals are Launching Highly Sophisticated, Stealthy and Targeted Attacks on an Unprecedented Scale. Advanced attacks are multi-staged, unfolding over time and utilize a range of attack vectors with military-grade cyber weapons and proven techniques such as spear phishing and social engineering, leaving organizations and users at high risk of being compromised. According to a study by Risk Based Security, in 2016, 4.2 billion data records were lost or stolen, up from the previous high in 2013 by more than 3 billion. Breaches occur daily and there is significant financial and brand value destruction associated with attacks.

Attacks are Increasingly Focused on the Identity Vector. The vast majority of data breaches, whether conducted by a cyber attacker from inside or outside of the organization, involve the misappropriation of digital identities and user credentials. These credentials are used to gain legitimate access to sensitive systems and high-value personal and corporate data. Many large, well-known organizations have been subject to cyber attacks that exploited the identity vector, including Advocate Health Care, Home Depot, Société Générale, Target, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management and Yahoo!, demonstrating that even organizations with significant resources and security expertise have challenges securing their identities.

Organizations Face Growing Regulatory and Compliance Requirements

Regulatory Pressures are Increasing. New and evolving regulations and compliance standards for cyber security, data protection, privacy and internal IT controls are often created in response to the tide of cyber attacks and will increasingly impact organizations. Existing regulatory standards require that organizations implement internal controls for user access to applications and data. In addition, data breaches are driving a new wave of regulation, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), with stricter enforcement and higher penalties.

Complying with Regulations is Difficult and Costly. Regulatory and policy-driven obligations require expensive and time-consuming compliance measures. The fear of non-compliance, failed audits and material findings has pushed organizations to spend more to ensure they are in compliance, often resulting in costly, one-off implementations to mitigate potential fines or reputational damage. The high costs associated with failing to meet regulatory requirements, combined with the risk of fallout from security breaches, has elevated this topic from the IT organization to the executive and board level.

 



 

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Legacy Identity Solutions are Struggling to Meet Evolving Enterprise Requirements

Most legacy identity solutions were initially developed 15 to 20 years ago, when the IT environment was significantly different and operational, security and compliance challenges were far less demanding. These identity management solutions have struggled to meet evolving enterprise requirements in today’s complex, hybrid IT environment given their inherent limitations. These legacy identity solutions are:

 

    Cumbersome and expensive to deploy, manage and evolve;

 

    Not designed for business users;

 

    Closed, proprietary architectures;

 

    Not designed for cloud and mobile environments; and

 

    Difficult to manage user access to unstructured data.

While some legacy identity management vendors have attempted to evolve their solutions to address today’s challenges, we believe their legacy architectures have limited their ability to effectively meet enterprise requirements. These shortcomings have increasingly led customers to replace their legacy solutions.

Access Management and Identity Governance are Distinct Categories

In recent years, in response to the adoption of cloud computing and mobility, many access management solutions have been developed to provide convenient access to cloud applications and data. These products enforce real-time access, offering functionality such as single sign-on, multi-factor authentication and mobile access, emphasizing user convenience rather than organizational control or improved security. Organizations seeking to govern their complex IT environments effectively and efficiently need to invest in a robust identity governance platform to properly manage and secure user access to applications and data throughout the enterprise.

Our Opportunity

We believe our platform addresses a significant capability gap in today’s complex and hybrid world. Our open identity platform provides a solution that is able to accommodate customers as they grow, expand and respond to security, regulatory and competitive challenges. As organizational complexity continues to increase, our solutions will become increasingly essential to govern users and their access to applications and data.

Our Solution

We were founded by identity industry veterans to develop a new category of identity management solutions, address emerging identity governance challenges and drive innovation in the identity market. In 2007, we pioneered identity governance through our release of IdentityIQ, our on-premises identity governance solution. In 2010, we revolutionized provisioning by integrating it with governance into a single solution. In 2013, we introduced the first cloud-based identity governance solution. In 2015, we extended identity governance to manage unstructured data, a rapidly growing area of risk. In 2017, we announced our advanced identity analytics solution which is designed to enable rapid detection of security threats.

Our platform offers a comprehensive approach to identity governance by delivering compliance controls, user lifecycle management, password management and data access governance for users, applications and data across cloud and on-premises environments. We have built an open platform that is highly flexible and scalable, addresses the challenges of the hybrid enterprise and is adaptable to changing IT, security and compliance requirements.

 



 

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Key benefits of our open identity platform include:

 

    Comprehensive and scalable identity governance for all applications and data. Our governance-based approach manages the full lifecycle of user access to applications and data across the hybrid IT environment, ensuring organizations have full control and visibility over who currently has access to which resources, who should have access to those resources, and how that access is being used.

 

    Flexible deployment model. We offer on-premises and cloud-based identity governance solutions to serve customers that may have different resources, expertise, budgets and use cases. Both our on-premises and cloud-based solutions address the needs of hybrid environments by supporting on-premises as well as cloud applications and data. Our customers benefit from the flexibility to adopt the solution that best fits their unique needs.

 

    Open architecture that powers an identity-aware ecosystem. We have designed our platform with an open architecture to power an identity-aware ecosystem. Our open architecture enables our platform to bi-directionally share data with many common security and IT operations products. Our platform includes a comprehensive set of application program interfaces (“APIs”), plugins and software development kits (“SDKs”) to ensure seamless connectivity to on-premises and cloud apps, structured and unstructured data and third-party integrations.

 

    Low Total Cost of Ownership. Our solutions, which provide self-service capabilities, such as password resets and access requests, deliver measurable cost savings by improving the productivity of end users. In addition, our solutions increase the productivity of business managers by reducing time spent setting up and re-certifying access permissions, and improve the efficiency of IT staff by minimizing the volume of help desk calls related to automatable processes.

 

    Helping customers address key identity-related challenges. Our open identity platform enables our customers to address key operational, security and compliance challenges, including (i) empowering users and enabling enterprise visibility; (ii) preventing or mitigating impact of data breaches; and (iii) addressing regulatory and compliance requirements.

Our Growth Strategy

 

    Drive new customer growth within existing geographic markets. We primarily focus on large enterprises, which we define as companies with 7,500 or more employees, and mid-market enterprises, which we define as companies with more than 1,000 employees. We believe that our addressable market consists of over 80,000 companies having at least 1,000 employees each, with more than 450 million employees in the aggregate, based on data from S&P Global Market Intelligence. Furthermore, we believe that the number of relevant identities is significantly greater than the number of employees given the contractors and business partners in their extended enterprises. Of the 80,000 companies, we believe that approximately 65,000 are located in countries where we have customers today and as a result, we believe that we have penetrated approximately 1% of potential customers in our existing markets. We plan to expand our customer base in these countries by continuing to grow our sales organization, expand and leverage our channel partnerships and enhance our marketing efforts.

 

    Continue to expand our global presence. We believe there is a significant opportunity to grow our business internationally. Enterprises around the world are facing similar operational, security, and compliance challenges, driving the need for identity governance. In 2016, we generated 30% of our revenue outside of the United States. In comparison, Gartner estimates more than 62% of worldwide spending on security products in 2016 was outside of the United States.(2)

 

(2)  Gartner, Inc., “Gartner, Forecast Information Security Worldwide, 2015-2021, 1Q17 Update,” dated May 18, 2017. See “Market and Industry Data” for information regarding the industry data used in this prospectus.

 



 

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    Further penetrate our existing customer base. Our customer base of more than 750, as of June 30, 2017, provides a significant opportunity to drive incremental sales. Our customers have the flexibility to start with a single use case or project and expand over time. As they realize the value of their investment, new use cases and deployments are identified, allowing us to sell more products to existing customers and to expand the number of digital identities we cover within their organizations.

 

    Expand marketing and product investment across new and existing vertical markets. We believe there is significant opportunity to further penetrate our target vertical markets by providing vertical-specific identity solutions and focusing our marketing efforts to address the use cases of those customers.

 

    Leverage and expand our network of partners. Our partnerships with global system integrators and resellers have helped us extend our reach and serve our customers more effectively. We see a significant opportunity to offer comprehensive solutions to customers by collaborating with adjacent technology vendors. For example, we collaborate with Microsoft by adding our identity governance capabilities to their access management services. We intend to continue to invest in our partnership network as their influence on our sales is vital to the success of our business.

 

    Continue to invest in our platform. Innovation is a core part of our culture. We believe we have established a reputation as a technology leader and innovator in identity governance. Most recently, in June 2017, we announced the beta release of IdentityAI, an innovative identity analytics solution that will provide customers with the real-time visibility they need to understand the risk associated with user access and detect anomalous behavior.

Risks Related to Our Business and Investment in Our Common Stock

Investing in our common stock involves risk. Before investing in our common stock, you should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus. In particular, please read the section titled “Risk Factors,” which describes certain known risks and uncertainties that may offset our competitive strengths or have a negative effect on our strategy or operating activities, which could cause a decrease in the price of our common stock and result in a loss of all or a portion of your investment. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

    We have a history of losses, and as our costs increase, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.

 

    We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and our recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth.

 

    Our future revenues and operating results will be harmed if we are unable to acquire new customers, if our customers do not renew their arrangements with us, or if we are unable to expand sales to our existing customers, or develop new solutions that achieve market acceptance.

 

    If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our channel partners, our ability to market, sell and distribute our solutions will be limited and our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

 

    Our quarterly results fluctuate significantly, and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.

 

    Our sales cycle is long and unpredictable, and our sales efforts require considerable time and expense.

 

    We recognize some of our revenue ratably over the term of our agreements with customers and, as a result, downturns or upturns in sales may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.

 



 

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    We face intense competition in our market, especially from larger, well established companies, and we may lack sufficient financial and other resources to maintain and improve our competitive position.

 

    We anticipate that our operations will continue to increase in complexity as we grow, which will add additional challenges to the management of our business in the future.

 

    Interruptions with the delivery of our software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) solutions, or third-party cloud-based systems that we use in our operations, may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

    Our failure to achieve and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our financial position and lower our stock price.

 

    Thoma Bravo, through the ownership of our common stock by the Thoma Bravo Funds, has a controlling influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, which could delay or prevent a change of control.

 

    Thoma Bravo may pursue corporate opportunities independent of us that could present conflicts with our and our stockholders’ interests.

Our Equity Sponsor

We have a valuable relationship with our equity sponsor, Thoma Bravo, who has made significant equity investments in us. In August 2014, Thoma Bravo formed SailPoint Technologies Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation. On September 8, 2014, SailPoint Technologies Holdings, Inc. acquired all of the capital stock of SailPoint Technologies, Inc. We refer to this transaction as the “Acquisition.”

Thoma Bravo is a leading private equity investment firm, with a history of more than 30 years of providing equity and strategic support to experienced management teams and growing companies. Thoma Bravo targets control investments in companies with strong business franchises led by experienced executives who aspire to achieve industry leadership. The firm works in close partnership with a company’s management team to implement operating best practices, invest in growth initiatives and make accretive acquisitions to rapidly improve revenue and earnings and increase equity value. Thoma Bravo has invested in many fragmented, consolidating industry sectors but is known particularly for investments in application software, infrastructure software, cyber security software and technology-enabled services sectors. Thoma Bravo currently manages a series of private equity funds representing more than $17.0 billion of equity commitments.

Upon completion of this offering, the Thoma Bravo Funds will own approximately     % of our common stock (or     % of our common stock if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full) and will therefore be able to control all matters that require approval by our stockholders, including the election and removal of directors, changes to our organizational documents and approval of acquisition offers and other significant corporate transactions. Thoma Bravo’s interests may not coincide with the interests of our other stockholders. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock—Thoma Bravo has a controlling influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, which could delay or prevent a change of control.” Additionally, Thoma Bravo is in the business of making investments in companies and may, from time to time, acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. See “Risk factors—Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock—Thoma Bravo may pursue corporate opportunities independent of us that could present conflicts with our and our stockholders’ interests” and “Description of Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Provisions in Our Charter and Bylaws—Corporate Opportunity.”

 



 

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Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 11305 Four Points Drive, Building 2, Suite 100, Austin, Texas 78726, and our telephone number at that address is (512) 346-2000. Our website address is www.sailpoint.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this prospectus, and inclusions of our website address in this prospectus are inactive textual references only.

The SailPoint design logo and our other registered or common law trademarks, service marks or trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of SailPoint Technologies, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary. Other trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

Emerging Growth Company

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was enacted in April 2012 with the intention of encouraging capital formation in the United States and reducing the regulatory burden on newly public companies that qualify as emerging growth companies. We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various public reporting requirements, including the requirement that we provide more than two years of audited financial statements and related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, that our internal control over financial reporting be audited by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), that we provide certain disclosures regarding executive compensation, and that we hold nonbinding stockholder advisory votes on executive compensation and any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We may take advantage of these exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company.

In addition, under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under the JOBS Act until we are no longer an emerging growth company. Our election to use the phase-in periods permitted by this election may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the longer phase-in periods permitted under the JOBS Act and who will comply with new or revised financial accounting standards. If we were to subsequently elect instead to comply with public company effective dates, such election would be irrevocable pursuant to the JOBS Act.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue; (ii) the date on which we become a “large accelerated filer” (the fiscal year-end on which at least $700 million of equity securities are held by non-affiliates as of the last day of our then most recently completed second fiscal quarter); (iii) the date on which we have issued, in any three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering.

See the section titled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock—For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain requirements that apply to other public companies” for certain risks related to our status as an emerging growth company.

Controlled Company Status

Because the Thoma Bravo Funds will initially own              shares of our common stock, representing approximately     % of the voting power of our company following the completion of this offering, we will be a

 



 

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controlled company as of the completion of the offering under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). As a controlled company, a majority of our board of directors is not required to be independent, and we are not required to form independent compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees of our board of directors. As a controlled company, we will remain subject to rules of Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the NYSE that require us to have an audit committee composed entirely of independent directors. Under these rules, we must have at least one independent director on our audit committee by the date our common stock is listed on the NYSE, at least two independent directors on our audit committee within 90 days of the listing date, and at least three independent directors on our audit committee within one year of the listing date. We expect to have          independent directors upon the closing of this offering.

If at any time we cease to be a controlled company, we will take all action necessary to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules of the NYSE, including by appointing a majority of independent directors to our board of directors and ensuring we have a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each composed entirely of independent directors, subject to a permitted “phase-in” period. See the section titled “Management—Status as a Controlled Company.”

 



 

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THE OFFERING

 

Common stock offered by us

  

             shares

Common stock offered by the selling stockholders

  

             shares

Common stock to be outstanding after this offering(1)

  

             shares (              shares if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full)

Over-allotment option offered by us

  

             shares

Over-allotment option offered by the selling stockholders

  


             shares

Use of proceeds

  

We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $         (or approximately $        if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full), assuming an initial public offering price of $         per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price would increase or decrease our net proceeds by approximately $        million.

 

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, create a public market for our common stock, and enable access to the public equity markets for us and our stockholders. We intend to use our net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, operating expenses, capital expenditures and funding our growth strategies discussed in this prospectus (which include driving new customer growth within existing geographic markets, penetrating our existing customer base and expanding our global presence and continuing to invest in our products and platform), and to repay a portion of the borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility. We may also use a portion of our net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, services or technologies. However, we do not have agreements or commitments for any acquisitions or investments at this time. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares being offered by the selling stockholders. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.

Controlled company

   After this offering, the Thoma Bravo Funds will own approximately     % of our common stock (or     % of our common stock if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full). As a result, we expect to be a

 



 

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   controlled company within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of the NYSE. See “Management—Status as a Controlled Company.”

Risk factors

   See the section titled “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.

Proposed NYSE symbol

  

SAIL

 

(1) The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on              shares of our common stock (including shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“our preferred stock”)) outstanding as of June 30, 2017, and excludes (a)              shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our long-term incentive plans as of June 30, 2017 and (b)             shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of June 30, 2017 under our long-term incentive plans. The number of outstanding shares of common stock that will be outstanding after this offering includes              shares of restricted common stock issued to our directors, officers and other employees that are subject to vesting.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information contained in this prospectus assumes or gives effect to:

 

    the filing and effectiveness of our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (our “charter”) and the effectiveness of our Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (our “bylaws”), each of which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering;

 

    except in our historical financial statements included in this prospectus, the      -for-1 stock split effected immediately prior to the completion of this offering (the “Stock Split”);

 

    no exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase up to an additional              shares of our common stock from us and the selling stockholders; and

 

    an initial public offering price of the shares of our common stock of $         per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

In addition, except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus gives effect to the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our preferred stock into an aggregate of              shares of our common stock (which assumes an initial public offering price of $     per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Immediately prior to the completion of this offering, we will convert each outstanding share of our preferred stock into a number of shares of common stock equal to the result of the liquidation value of such share of preferred stock, divided by the initial public offering price per share of our common stock in this offering. The liquidation value for each share of preferred stock is equal to $1,000 plus accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of preferred stock. We refer to the conversion of all of our preferred stock as the “Preferred Stock Conversion.”

Because the number of shares of common stock into which a share of preferred stock is convertible will be determined by reference to the initial public offering price in this offering, a change in the assumed initial public offering price would have a corresponding impact on the number of outstanding shares of common stock presented in this prospectus after giving effect to this offering and the Preferred Stock Conversion. The following number of shares of our common stock would be outstanding immediately after the Preferred Stock Conversion but before the consummation of this offering, assuming the initial public offering prices for our common stock shown below:

 

Initial public offering price

   $                   $                   $               

Shares of common stock outstanding

        

 



 

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

The following tables summarize our consolidated financial and other data. We have derived the summary consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derived the summary consolidated statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited consolidated financial data on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements, and the unaudited consolidated financial data include, in our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information set forth in those statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future and our operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2017.

The following summary consolidated financial and other data should be read in conjunction with the sections titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     Year Ended December 31,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2015     2016     2016     2017  
     (In thousands, except share and per share data)  

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

        

Revenue:

        

Licenses

   $ 44,124     $ 54,395     $ 20,784     $ 25,577  

Subscription

     29,930       49,364       22,652       31,276  

Services and other

     21,302       28,653       13,452       17,873  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

     95,356       132,412       56,888       74,726  

Cost of revenue:

        

Licenses

     4,293       4,278       2,108       2,197  

Subscription(1)

     9,815       13,051       5,957       7,513  

Services and other(1)

     15,151       19,709       8,993       11,120  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of revenue

     29,259       37,038       17,058       20,830  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     66,097       95,374       39,830       53,896  

Operating expenses:

        

Research and development(1)

     19,965       24,358       11,554       14,893  

General and administrative(1)

     7,474       9,680       4,935       6,474  

Sales and marketing(1)

     46,831       58,607       27,852       33,513  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     74,270       92,645       44,341       54,880  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Loss) income from operations

     (8,173     2,729       (4,511     (984

Other expense, net:

        

Interest expense, net

     (3,883     (7,277     (2,092     (5,353

Other, net

     (1,365     (610     (279     (94
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense, net

     (5,248     (7,887     (2,371     (5,447
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (13,421     (5,158     (6,882     (6,431

Income tax benefit (expense)

     2,614       1,985       2,650       (156
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (10,807   $ (3,173   $ (4,232   $ (6,587
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 



 

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     Year Ended December 31,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2015     2016     2016     2017  
     (In thousands, except share and per share data)  

Accretion of dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock

     (21,597     (23,618     (11,500     (12,590
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (32,404   $ (26,791   $ (15,732   $ (19,177
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2):

        

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.74   $ (0.58   $ (0.34   $ (0.40
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2):

        

Basic and diluted

     43,929,159       45,933,218       45,675,039       47,567,048  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2)(3):

        

Basic and diluted

     $       $  
    

 

 

     

 

 

 

Pro forma weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2)(3):

        

Basic and diluted

        
    

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,      Six Months Ended June 30,  
           2015                  2016                        2016                          2017          
     (In thousands)  

Cost of revenue—subscription

   $ 12      $ 34      $ 13      $ 18  

Cost of revenue—services and other

     20        63        24        38  

Research and development

     62        118        44        65  

General and administrative

     28        96        40        75  

Sales and marketing

     124        257        93        147  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation

   $ 246      $ 568      $ 214      $ 343  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(2) See Note 12 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements and Note 16 to our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to compute the historical and pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders and the weighted-average number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts.
(3) Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders and pro forma weighted-average common shares outstanding have been computed to give effect to (a) the Preferred Stock Conversion and the Stock Split, both of which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering, and (b) the issuance by us of              shares of common stock in this offering and the application of our net proceeds from this offering as set forth under “Use of Proceeds,” assuming an initial public offering price of $         per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). This pro forma data is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to represent what our net income or net income per share attributable to common stockholders actually would have been had the Preferred Stock Conversion and the Stock Split occurred on January 1, 2016 or to project our net income or net income per share for any future period.

 



 

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     As of June 30, 2017  
     Actual     Pro Forma(1)      Pro Forma
As Adjusted(2)(3)
 
     (In thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

       

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 20,882     $                   $               

Working capital, excluding deferred revenue(4)

     61,774       

Total assets

     384,824       

Deferred revenue, current and non-current portion

     62,766       

Long-term debt, net of current portion

     156,099       

Total liabilities

     231,605       

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

     173,484               

Total stockholders’ deficit

     (20,265     

 

(1) Gives effect to the Preferred Stock Conversion and the Stock Split.
(2) Gives effect to the adjustments described in footnote (1) above as well as the issuance by us of              shares of common stock in this offering, and the application of our net proceeds from this offering as set forth under “Use of Proceeds,” assuming an initial public offering price of $         per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).
(3) Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $         per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or decrease each of cash and cash equivalents, total assets and total stockholders’ equity on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $        , assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, each 1.0 million share increase or decrease in the number of shares we are offering would increase or decrease each of cash and cash equivalents, total assets and total stockholders’ equity on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $        , assuming that the initial public offering price per share remains the same at $         (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.
(4) We define working capital as current assets less current liabilities, excluding deferred revenue.

Key Metrics

In addition to our financial results, we monitor the following metrics to help us measure and evaluate the effectiveness of our operations:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
    Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
     2015     2016     2016     2017  

Number of customers (as of end of period)

     520       695       589       776  

Subscription revenue as a percentage of total revenue

     31     37     40     42

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)

   $ 7,464     $ 15,135     $ 1,903     $ 5,009  

 

    Number of Customers. We believe that the size of our customer base is an indicator of our market penetration and that our net customer additions are an indicator of the growth of our business and our future revenue opportunity. We define a customer as a distinct entity, division or business unit of an organization that receives support or has the right to use our cloud-based solutions as of the specified measurement date.

 



 

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    Subscription Revenue as a Percentage of Total Revenue. Subscription revenue is a portion of our total revenue and is derived from (i) IdentityNow, our cloud-based solution where customers enter into SaaS subscription agreements with us, and (ii) IdentityIQ and SecurityIQ maintenance and support agreements, but not licenses. As we generally sell our solutions on a per-identity basis, our subscription revenue for any customer is primarily determined by the number of identities that the customer is entitled to govern as a part of a SaaS subscription, and the ongoing price paid per-identity under a maintenance and support agreement or SaaS subscription. Thus, we consider our subscription revenue to be the recurring portion of our revenue base and believe that its continued growth as a percentage of total revenue will lead to a more predictable revenue model and increase our visibility to future period total revenues. Because we recognize our subscription revenue ratably over the duration of those agreements, a portion of the revenue we recognize each period is derived from agreements we entered into in prior periods. In contrast, we typically recognize license revenue upon entering into the applicable license, the timing of which is less predictable and may cause significant fluctuations in our quarterly financial results.

 

    Adjusted EBITDA. We believe that adjusted EBITDA is a measure widely used by securities analysts and investors to evaluate the financial performance of our company and other companies. We believe that adjusted EBITDA is an important measure for evaluating our performance because it facilitates comparisons of our core operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure (net interest income or expense from our outstanding debt), asset base (depreciation and amortization), tax consequences, purchase accounting adjustments, acquisition and sponsor related costs and stock-based compensation. In addition, we base certain of our forward-looking estimates and budgets on adjusted EBITDA. See the section titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information regarding adjusted EBITDA, including the limitations of using adjusted EBITDA as a financial measure, and for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

 



 

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making a decision to invest in our common stock. Any of the following risks could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects, and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, which would cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have a history of losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.

We have incurred net losses in each period since our inception, including net losses of $10.8 million, $3.2 million and $6.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. We expect our operating expenses to increase significantly as we continue to expand our sales and marketing efforts, continue to invest in research and development, and expand our operations in existing and new geographies and vertical markets. We also expect to continue to devote significant research and development resources to our on-premises solutions; if our customers and potential customers shift their IT infrastructures to the cloud faster than we anticipate, we may not realize our expected return from the costs we incur. In addition, we expect to incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses related to being a public company upon the completion of this offering. While our revenue has grown in recent years, if our revenue declines or fails to grow at a rate faster than these increases in our operating expenses, we will not be able to achieve and maintain profitability in future periods. As a result, we may continue to generate losses. We cannot assure you that we will achieve profitability in the future or that, if we do become profitable, we will be able to sustain profitability.

We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and our recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth.

We have experienced rapid growth in recent years. From the year ended 2011 to the year ended 2016, we grew our business at a revenue compound annual growth rate of 41%, and our revenue grew from $95.4 million to $132.4 million from the year ended 2015 to the year ended 2016. In future periods, we may not be able to sustain revenue growth consistent with recent history, or at all. We believe our revenue growth depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

 

    our ability to attract new customers and retain and increase sales to existing customers;

 

    our ability to, and the ability of our channel partners to, successfully deploy and implement our solutions, increase our existing customers’ use of our solutions and provide our customers with excellent customer support;

 

    our ability to increase the number of our technology partners;

 

    our ability to develop our existing solutions and introduce new solutions; and

 

    our ability to hire substantial numbers of new sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative personnel, and expand our global operations.

If we are unable to achieve any of these requirements, our revenue growth will be adversely affected.

 

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Our future revenues and operating results will be harmed if we are unable to acquire new customers, if our customers do not renew their arrangements with us, or if we are unable to expand sales to our existing customers, or develop new solutions that achieve market acceptance.

To continue to grow our business, it is important that we continue to acquire new customers to purchase and use our solutions. Our success in adding new customers depends on numerous factors, including our ability to (i) offer a compelling identity governance platform and solutions, (ii) execute our sales and marketing strategy, (iii) attract, effectively train and retain new sales, marketing, professional services and support personnel in the markets we pursue, (iv) develop or expand relationships with technology partners, systems integrators, resellers and other channel partners, (v) expand into new geographies and vertical markets, (vi) deploy our platform and solutions for new customers and (vii) provide quality customer support once deployed.

It is important to our continued growth that our customers renew their arrangements when existing contract terms expire. Our customers have no obligation to renew their maintenance, SaaS and/or term-license agreements, and our customers may decide not to renew these agreements with a similar contract period, at the same prices and terms or with the same or a greater number of identities. Although our customer retention rate has historically been strong, some of our customers have elected not to renew their agreements with us, and it is difficult to accurately predict long-term customer retention and expansion rates. Our customer retention and expansion may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction with our solutions, our customer support and professional services, our prices and pricing plans, the competitiveness of other software products and services, reductions in our customers’ spending levels, user adoption of our solutions, deployment success, utilization rates by our customers, new product releases and changes to our product offerings. If our customers do not renew their maintenance, SaaS and/or term-license agreements, or renew on less favorable terms, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

Our ability to increase revenue also depends in part on our ability to increase the number of identities governed with our solutions and sell more modules and solutions to our existing and new customers. Our ability to increase sales to existing customers depends on several factors, including their experience with implementing and using our platform and the existing solutions they have implemented, their ability to integrate our solutions with existing technologies, and our pricing model.

If our new solutions do not achieve adequate acceptance in the market, our competitive position could be impaired, and our potential to generate new revenue or to retain existing revenue could be diminished. The adverse effect on our financial results may be particularly acute because of the significant research, development, marketing, sales and other expenses we will have incurred in connection with the new solutions, and our ability to introduce compelling new solutions that address the requirements of our customers in light of the dynamic identity governance market in which we operate.

If we are unable to successfully acquire new customers, retain our existing customers, expand sales to existing customers or introduce new solutions, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our channel partners, our ability to market, sell and distribute our solutions will be limited and our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from sales influenced or made through our channel partner network and expect these sales to continue to grow for the foreseeable future. Our channel partners provide implementation and other services to our customers in exchange for fees paid by those customers. We may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from our channel partners if we are unable to retain our existing channel partners and expand their sales or add additional motivated channel partners.

Our arrangements with our channel partners are generally non-exclusive, meaning they may offer customers the products of several different companies, including products that compete with our platform and solutions. If

 

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our channel partners do not effectively market and sell our solutions, choose to use greater efforts to market and sell our competitors’ products or services, or fail to meet the needs of our customers, our ability to grow our business and sell our solutions may be adversely affected. Our channel partners may cease marketing our products with limited or no notice and with little or no penalty. In addition, certain of our channel partners are subject to independence requirements that may prevent them from providing services to us or cooperating with us in our go-to-market efforts if they also provide services for affiliates of our controlling stockholder. Thoma Bravo, the ultimate general partner of our controlling stockholders, the Thoma Bravo Funds, is a leading private equity investment firm that holds control investments in over 20 businesses, some of which engage certain of our channel partners to provide services, and it intends to continue making control investments in the future. If one or more of our channel partners determines that it is unable to both provide services to us or cooperate with us in our go-to-market efforts and also provide services to affiliates of our controlling stockholder, those channel partners may cease marketing our products or otherwise cease providing services to us or cooperating with us in our go-to-market efforts.

We also collaborate with adjacent technology vendors to offer comprehensive solutions to our customers. If we do not effectively collaborate with them, or if they elect to terminate their relationship with us or develop and market solutions that compete with our solutions, our growth may be adversely affected.

Our ability to generate revenue in the future will depend in part on our success in maintaining effective working relationships with our channel partners, in expanding our indirect sales channel, in training our channel partners to independently sell and/or deploy our solutions and in continuing to integrate our solutions with the products and services offered by our technology partners. If we are unable to maintain our relationships with these channel partners, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our quarterly results fluctuate significantly, and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.

We believe our quarterly revenue and operating results may vary significantly in the future. As a result, you should not rely on the results of any one quarter as an indication of future performance and period-to-period comparisons of our revenue and operating results may not be meaningful and, as a result, may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, those listed below, many of which are outside of our control:

 

    the loss or deterioration of our channel partner and other relationships influencing our sales execution;

 

    the mix of revenue and associated costs attributable to licenses, subscription and professional services, which may impact our gross margins and operating income;

 

    the mix of revenue attributable to larger transactions as opposed to smaller transactions and the associated volatility and timing of our transactions;

 

    the growth in the market for our products;

 

    our ability to attract new customers and retain and increase sales to existing customers;

 

    changes in customers’ budgets and in the timing of their purchasing decisions, including seasonal buying patterns for IT spending;

 

    the timing and success of new product introductions by our competitors and by us;

 

    changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;

 

    significant security breaches of, technical difficulties with, or interruptions to, the delivery and use of our platform;

 

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    changes in the legislative or regulatory environment;

 

    foreign exchange gains and losses related to expenses and sales denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar or the function currencies of our subsidiaries;

 

    increases in and timing of sales and marketing and other operating expenses that we may incur to grow and expand our operations and to remain competitive;

 

    costs related to the acquisition of businesses, talent, technologies or intellectual property, including potentially significant amortization costs and possible write-downs;

 

    our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses;

 

    the collectability of receivables from customers and channel partners, which may be hindered or delayed if these customers or channel partners experience financial distress;

 

    economic conditions specifically affecting industries in which our customers participate;

 

    natural disasters or other catastrophic events; and

 

    litigation-related costs, settlements or adverse litigation judgments.

Our sales cycle is long and unpredictable, and our sales efforts require considerable time and expense.

The timing of our sales and related revenue recognition is difficult to predict because of the length and unpredictability of the sales cycle for our platform before a sale. We and our channel partners are often required to spend significant time and resources to better educate and familiarize potential customers with the value proposition of our platform and solutions. Customers often view the purchase of our solutions as a strategic decision and significant investment and, as a result, frequently require considerable time to evaluate, test and qualify our platform and solutions prior to purchasing our solutions. During the sales cycle, we expend significant time and money on sales and marketing and contract negotiation activities, which may not result in a sale. Additional factors that may influence the length and variability of our sales cycle include:

 

    the discretionary nature of purchasing and budget cycles and decisions;

 

    lengthy purchasing approval processes;

 

    the evaluation of competing products during the purchasing process;

 

    time, complexity and expense involved in replacing existing solutions;

 

    announcements or planned introductions of new products, features or functionality by our competitors or of new solutions or modules by us; and

 

    evolving functionality demands.

If our efforts in pursuing sales and customers are unsuccessful, or if our sales cycles lengthen, our revenue could be lower than expected, which would have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We recognize some of our revenue ratably over the term of our agreements with customers and, as a result, downturns or upturns in sales may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.

We recognize revenue from our IdentityNow subscription offering ratably over the terms of our agreements with customers, which generally occurs over a three-year period. As a result, a portion of the revenue that we report in each period will be derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to agreements entered into during previous periods. Consequently, a decline in new sales or renewals in any one period may not be immediately reflected in our revenue results for that period. This decline, however, will negatively affect our revenue in future periods. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our

 

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products and potential changes in our rate of renewals may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods. Our model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our subscription revenue through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new customers generally will be recognized over the term of the applicable agreement.

We also intend to increase our investment in research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative functions and other areas to grow our subscription-related business. These subscription-related costs are generally expensed as incurred (with the exception of sales commissions), as compared to the corresponding revenue, substantially all of which is recognized ratably in future periods. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these increased investments earlier than some of the anticipated benefits and the return on these investments may develop more slowly, or may be lower, than we expect, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We face intense competition in our market, especially from larger, well established companies, and we may lack sufficient financial and other resources to maintain and improve our competitive position.

The market for identity and data governance solutions is intensely competitive and is characterized by constant change and innovation. We face competition from both traditional, larger software vendors offering enterprise-wide software frameworks and services and smaller companies offering point solutions for specific identity and data governance issues. We also compete with IT equipment vendors and systems management solution providers whose products and services address identity and data governance requirements. Our principal competitors vary depending on the product we offer and include CA Technologies, IBM, Oracle and Varonis and several smaller vendors. Many of our existing competitors have, and some of our potential competitors could have, substantial competitive advantages such as:

 

    greater name recognition and longer operating histories;

 

    more comprehensive and varied products and services;

 

    broader product offerings and market focus;

 

    greater resources to develop technologies or make acquisitions;

 

    more expansive intellectual property portfolios;

 

    broader distribution and established relationships with distribution partners and customers;

 

    greater customer support resources; and

 

    substantially greater financial, technical and other resources.

Given their larger size, greater resources and existing customer relationships, our competitors may be able to compete and respond more effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements. Our competitors may also seek to extend or supplement their existing offerings to provide identity and data governance solutions that more closely compete with our offerings. Potential customers may also prefer to purchase, or incrementally add solutions, from their existing suppliers rather than a new or additional supplier regardless of product performance or features.

In addition, with the recent increase in large merger and acquisition transactions in the technology industry, particularly transactions involving cloud-based technologies, there is a greater likelihood that we will compete with other large technology companies in the future. Some of our competitors have made acquisitions or entered into strategic relationships to offer a more comprehensive product than they individually had offered. Companies and alliances resulting from these possible consolidations and partnerships may create more compelling product offerings and be able to offer more attractive pricing, making it more difficult for us to compete effectively. In addition, continued industry consolidation may adversely impact customers’ perceptions of the viability of small and medium-sized technology companies and consequently their willingness to purchase from those companies.

 

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New start-up companies that innovate and large competitors that are making significant investments in research and development may invent similar or superior products and technologies that compete with our products, and our business could be materially and adversely affected if such technologies or products are widely adopted. Conditions in our market could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements, partnering by our competitors or continuing market consolidation. These competitive pressures in our market or our failure to compete effectively may result in price reductions, fewer orders, reduced revenue and gross margins, increased net losses, and loss of market share. Any failure to meet and address these factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We anticipate that our operations will continue to increase in complexity as we grow, which will add additional challenges to the management of our business in the future.

Our business has experienced significant growth and is becoming increasingly complex. We increased the number of our employees from 514 at December 31, 2015 to 741 at June 30, 2017. We have also experienced growth in the number of customers of our solutions from 520 at December 31, 2015 to over 750 at June 30, 2017. At June 30, 2017, we had personnel in 22 countries, and we expect to expand into additional countries in the future. We expect this growth to continue and for our operations to become increasingly complex. To effectively manage this growth, we have made and continue to make substantial investments to improve our operational, financial and management controls as well as our reporting systems and procedures. Our success will depend in part on our ability to manage this complexity effectively without undermining our corporate culture, which we believe has been central to our success. If we are unable to manage this complexity, our business, operations, operating results and financial condition may suffer.

As our customer base continues to grow, we will need to expand our professional services and other personnel, and maintain and enhance our existing partner network, to provide a high level of customer service. We also will need to effectively manage our direct and indirect sales processes as the number and type of our sales personnel and partner network continues to grow and become more complex and as we continue to expand into new geographies and vertical markets. This complexity is further driven by the various ways in which we sell our solutions, including on a per identity and per module basis through perpetual licenses and SaaS. If we do not effectively manage the increasing complexity of our business and operations, the quality of our solutions and customer service could suffer, and we may not be able to adequately address competitive challenges. These factors could impair our ability, and our channel partners’ ability, to attract new customers, retain existing customers, expand our customers’ use of existing solutions and adoption of more of our solutions and continue to provide high levels of customer service, all of which would adversely affect our reputation, overall business, operations, operating results and financial condition.

Interruptions with the delivery of our SaaS solutions, or third-party cloud-based systems that we use in our operations, may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our continued growth depends in part on the ability of our existing customers and new customers to access our platform and solutions, particularly our cloud-based deployments, at any time and within an acceptable amount of time. In addition, our ability to access certain third-party SaaS solutions is important to our operations and the delivery of our customer support and professional services, including our online training for customers, professional services partners and channel partners. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, service disruptions, outages and other performance problems both in the delivery of our SaaS solutions and in third-party SaaS solutions we use due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, malicious actors, human or software errors or capacity constraints. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve the performance of our SaaS solutions as they become more complex. If our SaaS solutions are unavailable or if our customers are unable to access features of our SaaS solutions within a reasonable amount of time or at all, our business would be negatively affected. In addition, if any of the third-party SaaS solutions that we use were to experience a significant or prolonged outage or security breach, our business could be adversely affected.

 

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We host our SaaS solutions using Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) data centers, a provider of cloud infrastructure services. All of our SaaS solutions reside on hardware owned or leased and operated by us in these locations. Our SaaS operations depend on protecting the virtual cloud infrastructure hosted in AWS by maintaining its configuration, architecture, features and interconnection specifications, as well as the information stored in these virtual data centers and which third-party internet service providers transmit. Although we have disaster recovery plans that utilize multiple AWS locations, any incident affecting their infrastructure that may be caused by fire, flood, severe storm, earthquake or other natural disasters, cyber attacks, terrorist or other attacks, and other similar events beyond our control could negatively affect our SaaS platform. A prolonged AWS service disruption affecting our SaaS platform for any of the foregoing reasons would negatively impact our ability to serve our customers and could damage our reputation with current and potential customers, expose us to liability, cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business. We may also incur significant costs for using alternative equipment or taking other actions in preparation for, or in reaction to, events that damage the AWS services we use. In addition, AWS may terminate the agreement by providing 30 days’ prior written notice and may, in some cases, terminate the agreement immediately for cause upon notice. In the event that our AWS service agreements are terminated, or there is a lapse of service, elimination of AWS services or features that we utilize, interruption of internet service provider connectivity or damage to such facilities, we could experience interruptions in access to our platform as well as significant delays and additional expense in arranging or creating new facilities and services and/or re-architecting our SaaS solutions for deployment on a different cloud infrastructure service provider, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing regulations and changing customer needs, requirements or preferences, our platform and solutions may become less competitive.

The market in which we compete is relatively new and subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements and preferences. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. In addition, as our customers’ technologies and business plans grow more complex, we expect them to face new and increasing challenges. Our customers require that our solution effectively identifies and responds to these challenges without disrupting the performance of our customers’ IT systems. As a result, we must continually modify and improve our products in response to changes in our customers’ IT infrastructures.

We may be unable to anticipate future market needs and opportunities or be able to develop enhancements to our platform or existing solutions or new solutions to meet such needs or opportunities in a timely manner, if at all. Even if we are able to anticipate, develop and commercially introduce enhancements to our platform and existing solutions and new solutions, those enhancements and new solutions may not achieve widespread market acceptance. Our enhancements or new solutions could fail to attain sufficient market acceptance for many reasons, including:

 

    delays in releasing platform or solutions enhancements or new solutions;

 

    inability to interoperate effectively with existing or newly introduced technologies, systems or applications of our existing and prospective customers;

 

    defects, errors or failures in our platform or solutions;

 

    negative publicity about the performance or effectiveness of our platform or solutions;

 

    introduction or anticipated introduction of competing products by our competitors;

 

    installation, configuration or usage errors by our customers or partners; and

 

    changing of regulatory requirements related to security.

If we were unable to enhance our platform or existing solutions or develop new solutions that keep pace with rapid technological and industry change, our business, operating results and financial condition could be

 

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adversely affected. If new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive products and services at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently or more securely, such technologies could adversely impact our ability to compete effectively.

Our failure to achieve and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our financial position and lower our stock price.

As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of the applicable listing standards of NYSE. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and significant management oversight.

In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015, our independent registered public accountants identified a material weakness related to insufficient documentation evidencing the revenue recognition decisions that we made when allocating revenue to specific customer agreements, which we remediated by December 31, 2016. In finalizing our financial statements for our initial public offering, our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the misapplication of GAAP related to earnings per share calculations and presentation of amortization expense related to acquisitions. While we are taking steps that we believe will remediate this material weakness, we cannot assure you that these measures and any further measures that we implement will be sufficient to remediate our existing material weakness or to identify or prevent additional material weaknesses.

Our internal resources and personnel may in the future be insufficient to avoid accounting errors and there can be no assurance that we will not have additional material weaknesses in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered implementing required new or improved controls could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the NYSE. We are not currently required to comply with the SEC rules that implement Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and are therefore not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. As a public company, we will be required to provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting commencing with our second annual report on Form 10-K.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results and could cause a decline in the price of our common stock.

 

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If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand or reputation as an industry leader and innovator, our business and operating results may be adversely affected.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation as a leader and innovator in the market for identity and data governance solutions is critical to our relationship with our existing customers and commercial relationships and our ability to attract new customers and commercial relationships. The successful promotion of our brand attributes will depend on a number of factors, including our marketing efforts, our ability to continue to develop high-quality features and solutions for our platform and our ability to successfully differentiate our platform and solutions from competitive products and services. Our brand promotion activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue. In addition, independent industry analysts often provide reports of our platform and solutions, as well as products and services of our competitors, and perception of our platform and solutions in the marketplace may be significantly influenced by these reports. If these reports are negative, or less positive as compared to those of our competitors’ products and services, our reputation may be adversely affected. Additionally, the performance of our channel partners may affect our brand and reputation if customers do not have a positive experience with our solutions as implemented by our channel partners or with the implementation generally. The promotion of our brand requires us to make substantial expenditures, and we anticipate that the expenditures will increase as our market becomes more competitive, as we expand into new geographies and vertical markets, and as more sales are generated through our channel partners. To the extent that these activities yield increased revenue, this revenue may not offset the increased expenses we incur. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand and reputation, our business and operating results may be adversely affected.

Real or perceived errors, failures, or disruptions in our platform and solutions could adversely affect our customers’ satisfaction with our solutions and/or our industry reputation and business could be harmed.

Our platform and solutions are very complex and have contained and may contain undetected defects or errors, especially when solutions are first introduced or enhanced. Our platform and solutions are often used in connection with large-scale computing environments with different operating systems, system management software, equipment and networking configurations, which may cause errors or failures of products, or other aspects of the computing environment into which our products are deployed. If our platform and solutions are not implemented or used correctly or as intended, inadequate performance and disruption in service may result. In addition, deployment of our platform and solutions into complicated, large-scale computing environments may expose errors, failures or vulnerabilities in our products. Any such errors, failures, or vulnerabilities may not be found until after they are deployed to our customers. We have experienced from time to time errors, failures and bugs in our platform that have resulted in customer downtime. While we were able to remedy these situations, we cannot assure you that we will be able to mitigate future errors, failures or bugs in a quick or cost-effective manner.

If we or our channel partners or one or more customers suffered a highly publicized breach, even if our platform and solutions perform effectively, such a breach could cause us to suffer reputational harm, lose existing commercial relationships and customers or deter them from purchasing additional solutions and prevent new customers from purchasing our solutions.

Since our customers use our platform and solutions for important aspects of their business, any real or perceived errors, failures, or vulnerabilities in our products, or disruptions in service or other performance problems could hurt our reputation and may damage our customers’ businesses. Furthermore, defects, errors or failures in our platform and or solutions may require us to implement design changes or software updates. Any defects or errors in our platform or solutions, or the perception of such defects or errors, could result in:

 

    expenditure of significant financial and product development resources in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate or work around errors or defects;

 

    loss of existing or potential customers or channel partners;

 

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    delayed or lost revenue;

 

    delay or failure to attain market acceptance;

 

    delay in the development or release of new solutions or services;

 

    negative publicity, which will harm our reputation;

 

    an increase in collection cycles for accounts receivable or the expense and risk of litigation; and

 

    harm to our operating results.

Although we have contractual protections, such as warranty disclaimers and limitation of liability provisions, in our standard terms and conditions of sale, they may not fully or effectively protect us from claims by customers, commercial relationships or other third parties. Any insurance coverage we may have may not adequately cover all claims asserted against us, or cover only a portion of such claims. In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in our expenditure of funds in litigation and divert management’s time and other resources.

If our platform and solutions do not effectively interoperate with our customers’ existing or future IT infrastructures, installations could be delayed or cancelled, which would harm our business.

Our success depends on the interoperability of our platform and solutions with third-party operating systems, applications, data and devices that we have not developed and do not control. Any changes in such operating systems, applications, data or devices that degrade the functionality of our platform or solutions or give preferential treatment to competitive software could adversely affect the adoption and usage of our platform. We may not be successful in adapting our platform or solutions to operate effectively with these applications, data or devices. If it is difficult for our customers to access and use our platform or solutions, or if our platform or solutions cannot connect a broadening range of applications, data and devices, then our customer growth and retention may be harmed, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our success depends on the experience and expertise of our senior management team and key employees. If we are unable to hire, retain, train and motivate our personnel, our business, operating results and prospects may be harmed.

Our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the efforts and talents of our senior management team and key employees, including our engineers, product managers, sales and marketing personnel and professional services personnel. Our future success will also depend upon our continued ability to identify, hire and retain additional skilled and highly qualified personnel, which will require significant time, expense and attention.

Our officers and key employees are employed on an at-will basis, which means that they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one or more members of our senior management team, particularly if closely grouped, could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and thus, our business, operating results and prospects. We do not maintain key man insurance on any of our officers or key employees, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements. If we fail to identify, recruit and integrate strategic hires, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring, and may in the future have difficulty retaining, employees with appropriate qualifications and many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. In addition to hiring new employees, we must continue to focus on training, motivating and retaining our best employees, substantially all of whom are at-will employees, which means they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time. Many of our employees may be able to receive significant proceeds from sales of our common stock in the

 

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public markets after this offering, which may reduce their motivation to continue to work for us. Conversely, employees may be more likely to leave us if the exercise prices of the stock options that they hold are significantly above the market price of our common stock. Competition for highly skilled personnel is intense, and we may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain new employees, and we may never realize returns on these investments.

Competition for well-qualified employees in all aspects of our business, including sales personnel, professional services personnel and software engineers, is intense. Our primary recruiting competition are well-known, high-paying firms. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate existing employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business would be adversely affected.

Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, creativity and teamwork fostered by our culture, which could adversely affect our business.

We believe that our culture has been and will continue to be a key contributor to our success. From January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2017, we have increased the size of our workforce by over 235 employees domestically and 132 employees internationally, and we expect to continue to hire aggressively as we expand. In addition, we plan to continue to expand our international operations, which may affect our culture as we seek to find, hire and integrate additional international employees while maintaining our corporate culture. If we do not continue to maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we may be unable to continue to foster the innovation, integrity, and collaboration we believe we need to support our growth. Our substantial anticipated headcount growth, international expansion and our transition from a private company to a public company may result in a change to our corporate culture, which could adversely affect our business.

Because our long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand the sales and marketing of our platform and solutions to customers located outside of the United States, and we perform a significant portion of our development outside of the United States, our business will be susceptible to risks associated with international operations.

At June 30, 2017, we had sales and marketing and product development personnel outside the United States in Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom, and we intend to expand our international sales and marketing operations.

Conducting international operations subjects us to risks that we do not generally face in the United States. These risks include:

 

    encountering existing and new competitors with stronger brand recognition in the new markets;

 

    challenges developing, marketing, selling and implementing our platform and solutions caused by language, cultural and ethical differences and the competitive environment;

 

    heightened risks of unethical, unfair or corrupt business practices, actual or claimed, in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of, and irregularities in, financial statements;

 

    political instability, war, armed conflict or terrorist activities;

 

    currency fluctuations;

 

    the risks of currency hedging activities to limit the impact of exchange rate fluctuations, should we engage in such activities in the future;

 

    difficulties in managing systems integrators and technology providers;

 

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    laws imposing heightened restrictions on data usage and increased penalties for failure to comply with applicable laws, particularly in the European Union (“EU”);

 

    risks associated with trade restrictions and foreign import requirements, including the importation, certification and localization of our solutions required in foreign countries, as well as changes in trade, tariffs, restrictions or requirements;

 

    potentially different pricing environments, longer sales cycles and longer accounts receivable payment cycles and collections issues;

 

    management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural differences and geographic dispersion;

 

    increased turnover of international personnel as compared to our domestic operations;

 

    potentially adverse tax consequences, including multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures, the complexities of foreign value added tax systems, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings and changes in tax rates;

 

    greater difficulty in enforcing contracts, accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods;

 

    the uncertainty and limitation of protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

 

    increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities; and

 

    lack of familiarity with locals laws, customs and practices, and laws and business practices favoring local competitors or commercial parties.

The occurrence of any one of these risks could harm our international business and, consequently, our operating results. Additionally, operating in international markets requires significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain that the investment and additional resources required to operate in other countries will produce desired levels of revenue or net income.

Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact our business.

Our business depends on the overall demand for information technology and on the economic health of our current and prospective customers. Any significant weakening of the economy in the United States or Europe and of the global economy, more limited availability of credit, a reduction in business confidence and activity, decreased government spending, economic uncertainty and other difficulties may affect one or more of the sectors or countries in which we sell our solutions. Global economic and political uncertainty may cause some of our customers or potential customers to curtail spending generally or IT and identity and data governance spending specifically, and may ultimately result in new regulatory and cost challenges to our international operations. In addition, a strong dollar could reduce demand for our products in countries with relatively weaker currencies. These adverse conditions could result in reductions in sales of our solutions, longer sales cycles, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial position.

Forecasts of our market and market growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the markets in which we compete achieve the forecasted growth, there can be no assurance that our business will grow at similar rates, or at all.

Growth forecasts included in this prospectus relating to our market opportunity and the expected growth in that market are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates which may prove to be inaccurate. Even if this market meets our size estimate and experiences the forecasted growth, we may not grow our business at a similar rate, or at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

 

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Any failure to offer high-quality customer support may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.

We typically bundle customer support with arrangements for our solutions. In deploying and using our platform and solutions, our customers typically require the assistance of our support teams to resolve complex technical and operational issues. We may be unable to modify the nature, scope and delivery of our customer support to compete with changes in product support services provided by our competitors. Increased customer demand for support, without corresponding revenue, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. We may also be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support. Our sales are highly dependent on our reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality product support, could adversely affect our reputation, and our ability to sell our solutions to existing and new customers.

If we fail to meet contractual commitments related to response time, service level commitments or quality of professional services, we could be obligated to provide credits for future service, or face contract termination, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Depending on the products purchased, our customer agreements contain service level agreements, under which we guarantee specified availability of our platform and solutions. If we are unable to meet the stated service level commitments to our customers or suffer extended periods of unavailability of our SaaS platform or solutions, we may be contractually obligated to provide affected customers with service credits or customers could elect to terminate and receive refunds for prepaid amounts. In addition, if the quality of our professional services do not meet contractual requirements, we may be required to re-perform the services at our expense or refund amounts paid for the services. Any failure to meet these contractual commitments could adversely affect our revenue, operating results and financial condition and any failure to meet service level commitments or extended service outages of our SaaS solutions could adversely affect our business and reputation as customers may elect not to renew and we could lose future sales.

Our business depends, in part, on sales to the public sector, and significant changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of the public sector could have an adverse effect on our business.

We derive a portion of our revenue from sales of our solutions to federal, state, local and foreign governments, and we believe that the success and growth of our business will continue to depend in part on our successful procurement of government contracts. Factors that could impede our ability to maintain or increase the amount of revenue derived from government contracts include:

 

    changes in fiscal or contracting policies;

 

    decreases in available government funding;

 

    changes in government programs or applicable requirements;

 

    the adoption of new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations; and

 

    potential delays or changes in the government appropriations or other funding authorization processes.

The occurrence of any of the foregoing could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain from purchasing our solutions or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policy or legal or regulatory requirements in one or multiple jurisdictions could result in proceedings, actions or penalties against us.

Our customers’ storage and use of data concerning, among others, their employees, contractors, customers and partners is essential to their use of our platform and solutions. We have implemented various features

 

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intended to enable our customers to better comply with applicable privacy and security requirements in their collection and use of data, but these features do not ensure their compliance and may not be effective against all potential privacy and data security concerns.

A wide variety of domestic and foreign laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer, disposal and other processing of personal data. These data protection and privacy-related laws and regulations are evolving and may result in regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or to protect any personal data, could result in enforcement action against us, including fines, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill (both in relation to existing customers and prospective customers), any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial performance and prospects.

Evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information within the EU, the United States and elsewhere may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business.

In jurisdictions outside of the United States, we may face data protection and privacy requirements that are more stringent than those in place in the United States. In the EU, for example, Directive 95/46/EC (the “Directive”) has required EU member states to implement data protection laws to meet the strict privacy requirements of the Directive. Among other requirements, the Directive regulates transfers of personal data that is subject to the Directive (“Personal Data”) to third countries, such as the United States, that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such Personal Data. The safe harbor framework previously relied on to ensure compliance with the Directive is no longer deemed to be a valid method of compliance with requirements set forth in the Directive, and so we face uncertainty as to whether our efforts to comply with our obligations under European privacy laws are sufficient. We and our customers are at risk of enforcement actions taken by certain EU data protection authorities until such point in time that we may be able to ensure that all transfers of Personal Data to us in the United States from the EU are conducted in compliance with all applicable regulatory obligations, the guidance of data protection authorities and evolving best practices. The Directive will be replaced in time with the European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which will enter into force on May 25, 2018, and which may impose additional obligations, costs and risk upon our business. The GDPR may increase substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. In addition, we may incur substantial expense in complying with the new obligations to be imposed by the GDPR and we may be required to make significant changes in our business operations, all of which may adversely affect our revenues and our business overall.

In addition, we are subject to certain contractual obligations and privacy policies and practices regarding the collection, use, storage, transfer, disclosure, disposal or processing of personal data. Even the perception of a failure by us to comply with such contractual obligations and/or privacy policies and practices or other privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation, inhibit adoption of our solutions by current and future customers or adversely impact our ability to attract and retain workforce talent.

Loss, retention or misuse of certain information and alleged violations of laws and regulations relating to privacy and data security, and any relevant claims, may expose us to potential liability and may require us to expend significant resources on data security and in responding to and defending such allegations and claims. In addition, future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, and changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could impair our customers’ ability to collect, use or disclose data relating to individuals, which could decrease demand for our platform and solutions, increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.

Around the world, there are numerous lawsuits in process against various technology companies that process personal data. If those lawsuits are successful, it could increase the likelihood that our company may be exposed to liability for our own policies and practices concerning the processing of personal data and could hurt

 

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our business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by laws, regulations and policies concerning privacy and data security that are applicable to the businesses of our customers may limit the use and adoption of our platform or solutions and reduce overall demand for them. Privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our platform. Additionally, concerns about security or privacy may result in the adoption of new legislation that restricts the implementation of technologies like ours or requires us to make modifications to our platform, which could significantly limit the adoption and deployment of our technologies or result in significant expense to modify our platform.

We publicly post our privacy policies and practices concerning our processing, use and disclosure of the personally identifiable information provided to us by our website visitors. Our publication of our privacy policies and other statements we publish that provide promises and assurances about privacy and security can subject us to potential state and federal action if they are found to be deceptive or misrepresentative of our actual policies and practices or if our practices are found to be unfair.

Evolving and changing definitions of what constitutes “Personal Information” and “Personal Data” within the EU, the United States and elsewhere, especially relating to classification of IP addresses, machine or device identification numbers, location data and other information, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting technology alliance relationships that may involve the sharing of data.

We use third-party licensed software in or with our solutions, and the inability to maintain these licenses or issues with the software we license could result in increased costs or reduced service levels, which would adversely affect our business.

Our solutions include software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties, and we otherwise use software and other intellectual property licensed from third parties in our business. We anticipate that we will continue to rely on such third-party software and intellectual property in the future. This exposes us to risks over which we may have little or no control. The third-party software we currently license may not always be available and we may not have access to alternative third-party software on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, a third party may assert that we or our customers are in breach of the terms of a license, which could, among other things, give such third party the right to terminate a license or seek damages from us, or both. Our inability to obtain or maintain certain licenses or other rights or to obtain or maintain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation regarding these matters, could result in delays in releases of new solutions, and could otherwise disrupt our business, until equivalent technology can be identified, licensed or developed, if at all. Also, to the extent that our platform and solutions depend upon the successful operation of third-party software in conjunction with our software, any undetected errors or defects in such third-party software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our platform, delay new feature introductions, result in a failure of our platform and injure our reputation.

Our failure to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in new technologies in the future could reduce our ability to compete successfully and harm our operating results.

We may need to raise additional funds, and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise additional equity financing, our security holders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests. If we engage in debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios or restrict our ability to pay dividends or make acquisitions. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, or at all, we may not be able to, among other things:

 

    develop and enhance our products;

 

    continue to expand our product development, sales and marketing organizations;

 

    hire, train and retain employees;

 

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    respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital requirements; or

 

    pursue acquisition opportunities.

Our debt obligations contain restrictions that impact our business and expose us to risks that could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

At June 30, 2017, the balance outstanding under our term loan facility was $160.0 million, and we had a $7.5 million revolving credit facility (under which we have no outstanding borrowings) and $0.1 million outstanding under a letter of credit sub-facility. Our interest expense during the years ended 2015 and 2016 and the six months ended June 30, 2017 was approximately $3.9 million, $7.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively. We intend to use a portion of our net proceeds from this offering to repay approximately $            million of the borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility. Currently, our credit facility requires that all of our proceeds from an initial public offering of our capital stock be used to repay borrowings outstanding under our credit facility. We anticipate that this requirement will be waived or amended prior to or in connection with the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. If this requirement is not waived or amended, we would be required to use our proceeds from this offering to repay borrowings outstanding under our credit facility. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds.”

The credit agreement governing our credit facility contains various covenants that are operative so long as our credit facility remain outstanding. The covenants, among other things, limit our and certain of our subsidiaries’ abilities to:

 

    incur additional indebtedness or guarantee indebtedness of others;

 

    create additional liens on our assets;

 

    pay dividends and make other distributions on our capital stock, and redeem and repurchase our capital stock;

 

    make investments, including acquisitions;

 

    make capital expenditures;

 

    enter into mergers or consolidations or sell assets;

 

    sell our subsidiaries;

 

    engage in sale and leaseback transactions; and

 

    enter into transactions with affiliates.

Our credit facility also contains numerous affirmative covenants, including financial covenants. Even if our credit facility is terminated, any additional debt that we incur in the future could subject us to similar or additional covenants.

If we experience a decline in cash flow due to any of the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section or otherwise, we could have difficulty paying interest and principal amounts due on our indebtedness and meeting the financial covenants set forth in our credit facility. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise to obtain the funds necessary to make required payments under our credit facility, or if we fail to comply with the various requirements of our indebtedness, we could default under our credit facility. Any such default that is not cured or waived could result in an acceleration of indebtedness then outstanding under our credit facility, an increase in the applicable interest rates under our credit facility, and a requirement that our subsidiaries that have guaranteed our credit facility pay the obligations in full, and would permit the lenders to exercise remedies with respect to all of the collateral that is securing our credit facility, including substantially all of our and our subsidiary guarantors’ assets. Thus, any such default could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.

 

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We may acquire or invest in companies, which may divert our management’s attention and result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions.

Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to expand our solutions and services and grow our business in response to changing technologies, customer demands and competitive pressures. In some circumstances, we may choose to do so through the acquisition of, or investment in, new or complementary businesses and technologies rather than through internal development. The identification of suitable acquisition or investment candidates can be difficult, time-consuming and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified acquisitions or investments. The risks we face in connection with acquisitions and/or investments include:

 

    an acquisition may negatively affect our operating results because it may require us to incur charges or assume substantial debt or other liabilities, may cause adverse tax consequences or unfavorable accounting treatment, may expose us to claims and disputes by stockholders and third parties, including intellectual property claims and disputes, or may not generate sufficient financial return to offset additional costs and expenses related to the acquisition;

 

    we may encounter difficulties or unforeseen expenditures in integrating the business, technologies, products, personnel or operations of any company that we acquire;

 

    an acquisition or investment may disrupt our ongoing business, divert resources, increase our expenses and distract our management;

 

    an acquisition may result in a delay or reduction of customer purchases for both us and the company acquired due to customer uncertainty about continuity and effectiveness of service from either company;

 

    we may encounter difficulties in, or may be unable to, successfully sell any acquired products or effectively integrate them into or with our existing solutions;

 

    our use of cash to pay for acquisitions or investments would limit other potential uses for our cash;

 

    if we incur debt to fund any acquisitions or investments, such debt may subject us to material restrictions on our ability to conduct our business; and

 

    if we issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with future acquisitions, existing stockholders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease.

The occurrence of any of these risks could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary rights, our competitive position could be impaired and we may lose valuable assets, generate reduced revenue and incur costly litigation to protect our rights.

We rely on copyrights and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, employment proprietary information and inventions assignment agreements, trademarks and patents to protect our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may not be adequate. To protect our trade secrets and proprietary information, we rely in significant part on confidentiality arrangements with our employees, licensees, independent contractors, advisers, channel partners, resellers and customers. These arrangements may not be effective to prevent disclosure of confidential information, including trade secrets, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, if others independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, we would not be able to assert trade secret rights against such parties. To protect our intellectual property, we may be required to spend significant resources to obtain, monitor and enforce such rights. Litigation brought to enforce our intellectual property could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could be met with defenses,

 

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counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property, which may result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and effective intellectual property protection and mechanisms may not be available in those jurisdictions. We may need to expend additional resources to defend our intellectual property in these countries, and our inability to do so could impair our business or adversely affect our international expansion. Even if we are able to secure intellectual property, there can be no assurances that such rights will provide us with competitive advantages or distinguish our platform or solutions and services from those of our competitors or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology.

We may be subject to intellectual property rights claims by third parties, which may be costly to defend, could require us to pay significant damages and could limit our ability to use certain technologies.

Companies in the software and technology industries, including some of our current and potential competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have in the past and may in the future be subject to notices that claim we have infringed, misappropriated or misused the intellectual property of our competitors or other third parties, including patent holding companies whose sole business is to assert such claims. To the extent we increase our visibility in the market, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property claims. Additionally, we do not have a significant patent portfolio, which could prevent us from deterring patent infringement claims through our own patent portfolio, and our competitors and others may now or in the future have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than we do.

Any intellectual property claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert our management’s attention and other resources. These claims could also subject us to significant liability for damages, potentially including treble damages if we are found to have willfully infringed patents or copyrights. These claims could also result in our having to stop using technology found to be in violation of a third party’s rights. We might be required to seek a license for the intellectual property, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties, which would increase our operating expenses. As a result, we may be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop technology for any aspect of our business that may ultimately be determined to infringe on or misappropriate the intellectual property rights of another party, we could be forced to limit or stop sales of licenses to our platform and solutions and may be unable to compete effectively. Furthermore, we may be subject to indemnification obligations with respect to third-party intellectual property pursuant to our agreements with our channel partners or customers. Any of these results would adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Indemnity provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to substantial liability for intellectual property infringement and other losses.

Our agreements with customers and other third parties may include indemnification provisions under which we agree to indemnify them or otherwise be liable for losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims of intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, damages caused by us to property or persons, or other liabilities relating to or arising from our platform, solutions, services or other contractual obligations. Some of these indemnity agreements provide for uncapped liability for which we would be responsible, and some indemnity provisions survive termination or expiration of the applicable agreement.

From time to time, customers also require us to indemnify or otherwise be liable to them for breach of confidentiality, violation of applicable law or failure to implement adequate security measures with respect to their data stored, transmitted or accessed using our platform. Although we normally seek contractual limitations to our liability with respect to the foregoing obligations, the existence of such a dispute may have adverse effects

 

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on our customer relationship and reputation and even if we contractually limit our liability with respect to such obligations, we may still incur substantial liability related to them. Any assertions by a third party, whether or not successful, with respect to any of these indemnification obligations could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation, expensive remediation and licenses, divert management attention and financial resources, harm our relationship with that customer and other current and prospective customers, reduce demand for our platform and solutions, and harm our brand, business, operating results and financial condition. Any dispute with a customer with respect to such obligations could have adverse effects on our relationship with that customer and other existing customers and new customers and adversely affect our business and operating results.

We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that our employees or contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers or other parties.

We could in the future be subject to claims that we, our employees or our contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of our competitors or other parties. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending against such claims, a court could order us to pay substantial damages and prohibit us from using technologies or features that are essential to our solutions, if such technologies or features are found to incorporate or be derived from the trade secrets or other proprietary information of these parties. In addition, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. A loss of key personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to develop, market and support potential solutions or enhancements, which could severely harm our business. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, such litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

Our use of “open source” software could negatively affect our ability to sell our solutions and subject us to possible litigation.

Some aspects of our platform and solutions are built using open source software, and we intend to continue to use open source software in the future. From time to time, we contribute software source code to open source projects under open source licenses or release internal software projects under open source software licenses, and anticipate doing so in the future. The terms of certain open source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that open source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to monetize our products. Additionally, we may from time to time face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software, which could include our proprietary source code, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source software license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, purchase a costly license or cease offering the implicated services unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement or violation. This re-engineering process could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to complete it successfully. In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of software and, thus, may contain security vulnerabilities or broken code. Additionally, because any software source code we contribute to open source projects is publicly available, our ability to protect our intellectual property rights with respect to such software source code may be limited or lost entirely, and we may be unable to prevent our competitors or others from using such contributed software source code. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and if not addressed, could have a negative effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

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We may be required to defer recognition of some of our license revenue, which may harm our operating results in any given period.

We may be required to defer recognition of license revenue for a significant period of time after entering into an agreement due to a variety of factors, including, among other things, whether:

 

    the transaction involves products or features that are under development;

 

    the transaction involves extended payment terms; or

 

    the transaction involves acceptance criteria.

Although we strive to enter into agreements that meet the criteria under GAAP for current revenue recognition on delivered elements, our agreements are often subject to negotiation and revision based on the demands of our customers. The final terms of our agreements sometimes result in deferred revenue recognition well after the time of delivery, which may adversely affect our financial results in any given period.

Furthermore, the presentation of our financial results requires us to make estimates and assumptions that may affect revenue recognition. In some instances, we could reasonably use different estimates and assumptions, and changes in estimates are likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition, capitalized internal-use software costs, income taxes, other non-income taxes, business combinations and valuation of goodwill and purchased intangible assets and stock-based compensation. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

Changes in existing financial accounting standards or practices, or taxation rules or practices, may harm our operating results.

Changes in existing accounting or taxation rules or practices, new accounting pronouncements or taxation rules, or varying interpretations of current accounting pronouncements or taxation practice could harm our operating results or the manner in which we conduct our business. Further, such changes could potentially affect our reporting of transactions completed before such changes are effective.

GAAP is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change. For example, in May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASU 2014-09), for which certain elements may impact our accounting for revenue and costs incurred to acquire contracts.

 

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Our business may be subject to additional obligations to collect and remit sales tax and other taxes, and we may be subject to tax liability for past sales. Any successful action by state, foreign or other authorities to collect additional or past sales tax could adversely affect our business.

States and some local taxing jurisdictions have differing rules and regulations governing sales and use taxes, and these rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations that may change over time. In particular, the applicability of sales taxes to our platform in various jurisdictions is unclear. It is possible that we could face sales tax audits and that our liability for these taxes could exceed our estimates as state tax authorities could still assert that we are obligated to collect additional amounts as taxes from our customers and remit those taxes to those authorities. We could also be subject to audits in states and international jurisdictions for which we have not accrued tax liabilities. A successful assertion that we should be collecting additional sales or other taxes on our services in jurisdictions where we have not historically done so and do not accrue for sales taxes could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, discourage customers from purchasing our products or otherwise adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We file sales tax returns in certain states within the United States as required by law and certain customer contracts for a portion of the products that we provide. We do not collect sales or other similar taxes in other states and many of such states do not apply sales or similar taxes to the vast majority of the products that we provide. However, one or more states or foreign authorities could seek to impose additional sales, use or other tax collection and record-keeping obligations on us or may determine that such taxes should have, but have not been, paid by us. Liability for past taxes may also include substantial interest and penalty charges. Any successful action by state, foreign or other authorities to compel us to collect and remit sales tax, use tax or other taxes, either retroactively, prospectively or both, could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

If our products fail to help our customers achieve and maintain compliance with certain government regulations and industry standards, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

We believe we generate a portion of our revenues from our products and services because our customers use our products and services as part of their efforts to achieve and maintain compliance with certain government regulations and industry standards, and we expect that will continue for the foreseeable future. Examples of industry standards and government regulations include the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI-DSS”); the Federal Information Security Management Act (“FISMA”) and associated National Institute for Standards and Testing (“NIST”) Network Security Standards; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; Title 21 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, which governs food and drugs industries; the North American Electric Reliability Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection Plan (“NERC-CIP”); the proposed European General Data Protection Regulation; the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (“BaFin”) Minimum Requirements for Risk Management; and the Monetary Authority of Singapore’s Technology Risk Management Notices. These industry standards may change with little or no notice, including changes that could make them more or less onerous for businesses. In addition, governments may also adopt new laws or regulations, or make changes to existing laws or regulations, that could affect whether our customers believe our solution assists them in maintaining compliance with such laws or regulations. If our solutions fail to expedite our customers’ compliance initiatives, our customers may lose confidence in our products and could switch to products offered by our competitors. In addition, if government regulations and industry standards related to IT security are changed in a manner that makes them less onerous, our customers may view compliance as less critical to their businesses, and our customers may be less willing to purchase our products and services. In either case, our sales and financial results would suffer.

 

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Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption, and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in various jurisdictions both domestic and abroad. The FCPA prohibits any U.S. individual or business from paying, offering, authorizing payment or offering of anything of value, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official, political party or candidate for the purpose of influencing any act or decision of the foreign entity in order to assist the individual or business in obtaining or retaining business. The U.K. Bribery Act is similar but even broader in scope in that it prohibits bribery of private (non-government) persons as well. The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with certain accounting provisions requiring the company to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the corporation, including international subsidiaries, and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations. Our sales model presents some risk under these laws. We leverage third parties, including channel partners, to sell our solutions and conduct our business abroad. We and our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies, state-owned or affiliated entities and non-governmental commercial entities, and may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. While we have policies and procedure to address compliance with these laws, we cannot assure you that all of our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. Noncompliance with these laws could subject us to investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, other enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, adverse media coverage and other consequences. Any investigations, actions or sanctions could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to governmental export controls and economic sanctions laws that could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.

Our business activities are subject to various restrictions under U.S. export controls and trade and economic sanctions laws, including the U.S. Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions regulations maintained by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. The U.S. export control laws and U.S. economic sanctions laws include prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities and also require authorization for the export of encryption items. We are also subject to Israeli export controls on encryption technology for SecurityIQ. If the applicable U.S. or Israeli requirements regarding export of encryption technology were to change or if we change the encryption means in our products, we may need to satisfy additional requirements in the United States or Israel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to satisfy any additional requirements under these circumstances in either the United States or Israel.

In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permitting and licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our services or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our services in those countries. Although we take precautions to prevent our products from being provided in violation of such laws, our products may have been in the past, and could in the future be, provided inadvertently in violation of such laws, despite the precautions we take. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export privileges and monetary penalties. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, for a particular transaction may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed, and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Although we take precautions to prevent transactions with U.S. sanction targets, we could inadvertently provide our products to persons prohibited by U.S. sanctions. This could result in negative consequences to us, including government investigations, penalties and harm to our reputation.

 

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Our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements are subject to the tax laws of various jurisdictions, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes, which would harm our operating results.

Based on our current corporate structure, we may be subject to taxation in several jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. The amount of taxes we pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents. In addition, the authorities in these jurisdictions could challenge our methodologies for valuing developed technology or intercompany arrangements, including our transfer pricing. The relevant taxing authorities may determine that the manner in which we operate our business does not achieve the intended tax consequences. If such a disagreement were to occur, and our position were not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties. Such authorities could claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries. Any increase in the amount of taxes we pay or that are imposed on us could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our ability to use net operating losses and other tax attributes to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

In general, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses (“NOLs”), tax credits or other tax attributes, to offset future taxable income or taxes. For these purposes, an ownership change generally occurs where the aggregate stock ownership of one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who owns at least 5% of a corporation’s stock increases its ownership by more than 50 percentage points over its lowest ownership percentage within a specified testing period. Our existing NOLs may be subject to substantial limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and if we undergo an ownership change in connection with or after this offering, our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited by Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, future changes in our stock ownership, many of which are outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code. Our NOLs may also be impaired under state law. Accordingly, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of our NOLs. Furthermore, our ability to utilize our NOLs is conditioned upon our attaining profitability and generating U. S. federal and state taxable income.

We function as a HIPAA “business associate” for certain of our customers and, as such, are subject to strict privacy and data security requirements. If we fail to comply with any of these requirements, we could be subject to significant liability, all of which can adversely affect our business as well as our ability to attract and retain new customers.

The Health Insurance Portability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”), and their respective implementing regulations (“HIPAA”), imposes specified requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to “business associates.” We function as a business associate for certain of our customers that are HIPAA covered entities and service providers, and in that context we are regulated as a business associate for the purposes of HIPAA. If we are unable to comply with our obligations as a HIPAA business associate, we could face substantial civil and even criminal liability. Modifying the already stringent penalty structure that was present under HIPAA prior to HITECH, HITECH created four new tiers of civil monetary penalties and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, many state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from HIPAA and each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect.

 

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The HIPAA covered entities and service providers to which we provide services require us to enter into HIPAA-compliant business associate agreements with them. These agreements impose stringent data security obligations on us. If we are unable to meet the requirements of any of these business associate agreements, we could face contractual liability under the applicable business associate agreement as well as possible civil and criminal liability under HIPAA, all of which can have an adverse impact on our business and generate negative publicity, which, in turn, can have an adverse impact on our ability to attract and retain new customers.

Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock

The requirements of being a public company, including compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner.

As a public company, we will need to comply with new laws, regulations and requirements, certain corporate governance provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, related regulations of the SEC and the requirements of the NYSE, with which we are not required to comply as a private company. Complying with these statutes, regulations and requirements will occupy a significant amount of time of our board of directors and management and will significantly increase our costs and expenses. We will need to:

 

    institute a more comprehensive compliance function;

 

    comply with rules promulgated by the NYSE;

 

    continue to prepare and distribute periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws;

 

    establish new internal policies, such as those relating to insider trading; and

 

    involve and retain to a greater degree outside counsel and accountants in the above activities.

Furthermore, while we generally must comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018, we are not required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls until our first annual report subsequent to our ceasing to be an emerging growth company. Accordingly, we may not be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls until as late as our annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Once it is required to do so, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed. Compliance with these requirements may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner.

In addition, we expect that being a public company subject to these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating these rules, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

There has been no prior public trading market for our common stock, and an active trading market may not develop or be sustained following this offering.

We have applied for the listing of our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “SAIL.” However, there has been no prior public trading market for our common stock. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock will develop on such exchange or elsewhere or, if developed, that any market will be sustained. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of the liquidity of any trading market, your ability to sell your shares of our common stock when desired or the prices that you may obtain for your shares of our common stock.

 

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The trading price of our common stock could be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.

Technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. The trading price of our common stock following this offering may fluctuate substantially. Following the completion of this offering, the market price of our common stock may be higher or lower than the price you pay in the offering, depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include the following:

 

    announcements of new products or technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions or other events by us or our competitors;

 

    changes in how customers perceive the benefits of our platform;

 

    shifts in the mix of revenue attributable to perpetual licenses and to SaaS subscriptions from quarter to quarter;

 

    departures of key personnel;

 

    price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

 

    fluctuations in the trading volume of our shares or the size of our public float;

 

    sales of large blocks of our common stock;

 

    actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our operating results;

 

    whether our operating results meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors;

 

    changes in actual or future expectations of investors or securities analysts;

 

    litigation involving us, our industry or both;

 

    regulatory developments in the United States, foreign countries or both;

 

    general economic conditions and trends;

 

    major catastrophic events in our domestic and foreign markets; and

 

    “flash crashes,” “freeze flashes” or other glitches that disrupt trading on the securities exchange on which we are listed.

In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, operating results or financial condition. The trading price of our common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry even if these events do not directly affect us. In the past, following periods of volatility in the trading price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. If our stock price is volatile, we may become the target of securities litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources from our business. This could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

If securities analysts or industry analysts were to downgrade our stock, publish negative research or reports or fail to publish reports about our business, our competitive position could suffer, and our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will, to some extent, depend on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us should downgrade our stock or publish negative research or reports, cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports about our business, our competitive position could suffer, and our stock price and trading volume could decline.

 

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Investors in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution of $             per share.

Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $            per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), purchasers of our common stock in this offering will experience an immediate and substantial dilution of $            per share in the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock from the initial public offering price, and our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2017, after giving effect to this offering would be $            per share. This dilution is due in large part to earlier investors having paid substantially less than the initial public offering price when they purchased their shares. See the section titled “Dilution” below.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the market price of our common stock.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market after this offering, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. Based on the total number of outstanding shares of our common stock as of June 30, 2017, upon completion of this offering, we will have approximately              shares of common stock outstanding (assuming an initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)). All of the shares of common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), except for any shares held by our “affiliates” as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

Subject to certain exceptions described in the section titled “Underwriting,” we, our directors and executive officers, the Thoma Bravo Funds, the selling stockholders and substantially all of the other holders of our common stock or stock options outstanding immediately prior to this offering (including holders of shares of common stock to be issued as a result of the Preferred Stock Conversion) have agreed or will agree to enter into lock-up agreements with the underwriters of this offering pursuant to which we and they have agreed or will agree that, subject to certain exceptions, we and they will not dispose of or hedge any shares or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. See the section titled “Underwriting” and “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” for more information. Sales of a substantial number of such shares upon expiration of, or the perception that such sales may occur, or early release of the securities subject to, the lock-up agreements, could cause our stock price to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

Our issuance of additional capital stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our stock incentive plans or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.

We may issue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional capital stock may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our common stock to decline.

Management will have broad discretion over the use of our proceeds from this offering.

The principal purposes of this offering include increasing our capitalization and financial flexibility, creating a public market for our stock, thereby enabling access to the public equity markets by our employees and stockholders, obtaining additional capital and increasing our visibility in the marketplace. We intend to use our net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, operating expenses and capital expenditures, and to repay a portion of the borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility. See

 

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“Use of Proceeds.” We cannot specify with certainty the particular uses of the net proceeds to us from this offering. Accordingly, we will have broad discretion in using these proceeds and might not be able to obtain a significant return, if any, on investment of these net proceeds. Investors in this offering will need to rely upon the judgment of our management with respect to the use of our proceeds. If we do not use the net proceeds that we receive in this offering effectively, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain any earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases.

Our charter and bylaws contain anti-takeover provisions that could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.

Our charter and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to elect directors who are not nominated by the current members of our board of directors or take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions include:

 

    a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;

 

    after Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least 30% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, removal of directors only for cause;

 

    the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;

 

    allowing Thoma Bravo to fill any vacancy on our board of directors for so long as affiliates of Thoma Bravo own 30% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock and thereafter, allowing only our board of directors to fill vacancies on our board of directors, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

 

    after Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least 30% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

 

    after we cease to be a controlled company, the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our board of directors, the chairperson of our board of directors, our chief executive officer or our president (in the absence of a chief executive officer), which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;

 

    after we cease to be a controlled company, the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend the provisions of our charter relating to the management of our business (including our classified board structure) or certain provisions of our bylaws, which may inhibit the ability of an acquirer to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt;

 

    the ability of our board of directors to amend the bylaws, which may allow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt;

 

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    advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us; and

 

    a prohibition of cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates.

Our charter also contains a provision that provides us with protections similar to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), and prevents us from engaging in a business combination, such as a merger, with an interested stockholder (i.e., a person or group who acquires at least 15% of our voting stock) for a period of three years from the date such person became an interested stockholder, unless (with certain exceptions) the business combination or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. However, our charter also provides that transactions with Thoma Bravo, including the Thoma Bravo Funds, and any persons to whom any Thoma Bravo Fund sells its common stock will be deemed to have been approved by our board of directors.

Thoma Bravo has a controlling influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, which could delay or prevent a change of control.

Thoma Bravo, as the ultimate general partner of the Thoma Bravo Funds, beneficially owned in the aggregate     % of our common stock as of                     , 2017 and, after this offering, will beneficially own in the aggregate     % of our common stock (or, if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full,     % of our common stock). As a result, Thoma Bravo could exert significant influence over our operations and business strategy and would have sufficient voting power to effectively control the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval. These matters may include:

 

    the composition of our board of directors, which has the authority to direct our business and to appoint and remove our officers;

 

    approving or rejecting a merger, consolidation or other business combination;

 

    raising future capital; and

 

    amending our charter and bylaws, which govern the rights attached to our common stock.

Additionally, for so long as Thoma Bravo beneficially owns 30% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock, Thoma Bravo will have the right to designate a majority of our board of directors. For so long as Thoma Bravo has the right to designate a majority of our board of directors, the directors designated by Thoma Bravo are expected to constitute a majority of each committee of our board of directors, other than the audit committee, and the chairman of each of the committees, other than the audit committee, is expected to be a director serving on such committee who is designated by Thoma Bravo, provided that, at such time as we are not a “controlled company” under the NYSE corporate governance standards, our committee membership will comply with all applicable requirements of those standards and a majority of our board of directors will be “independent directors,” as defined under the rules of the NYSE.

This concentration of ownership of our common stock could delay or prevent proxy contests, mergers, tender offers, open-market purchase programs or other purchases of our common stock that might otherwise give you the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common stock. This concentration of ownership may also adversely affect our share price.

Thoma Bravo may pursue corporate opportunities independent of us that could present conflicts with our and our stockholders’ interests.

Thoma Bravo is in the business of making or advising on investments in companies and holds (and may from time to time in the future acquire) interests in or provides advice to businesses that directly or indirectly

 

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compete with certain portions of our business or are suppliers or customers of ours. Thoma Bravo may also pursue acquisitions that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us.

Our charter provides that no officer or director of the Company who is also an officer, director, employee, managing director or other affiliate of Thoma Bravo will be liable to us or our stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that any such individual pursues or acquires a corporate opportunity for its own account or the account of an affiliate, as applicable, instead of us, directs a corporate opportunity to any other person, instead of us or does not communicate information regarding a corporate opportunity to us.

We may issue preferred stock whose terms could adversely affect the voting power or value of our common stock.

Our charter authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of our common stock.

Our charter designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.

Our charter provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our charter or bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each such case subject to such Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, the provisions of our charter described in the preceding sentence. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and such persons. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our charter inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.

For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain requirements that apply to other public companies.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, which may be up to five full fiscal years, unlike other public companies, we will not be required to, among other things: (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (ii) comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the

 

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auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer; (iii) provide certain disclosures regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies; or (iv) hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation and any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for adopting new or revised financial accounting standards. We intend to take advantage of the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards permitted under the JOBS Act until we are no longer an emerging growth company. If we were to subsequently elect instead to comply with these public company effective dates, such election would be irrevocable pursuant to the JOBS Act.

We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if we have more than $1.07 billion of revenues in a fiscal year, have more than $700.0 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

To the extent that we rely on any of the exemptions available to emerging growth companies, you will receive less information about our executive compensation and internal control over financial reporting than issuers that are not emerging growth companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock to be less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We expect to be a controlled company within the meaning of the NYSE rules and, as a result, will qualify for and intend to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.

Upon completion of this offering, Thoma Bravo will beneficially own, on a combined basis, a majority of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding voting stock. As a result, we expect to be a controlled company within the meaning of the NYSE corporate governance standards. Under the NYSE rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by another person or group of persons acting together is a controlled company and may elect not to comply with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that:

 

    a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors as defined under the rules of the NYSE;

 

    the nominating and governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and

 

    the compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities.

These requirements will not apply to us as long as we remain a controlled company. Following the offering, we intend to utilize some or all of these exemptions. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. See the section titled “Management—Status as a Controlled Company” below.

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. All statements of historical fact included in this prospectus regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Risk Factors” included in this prospectus. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current beliefs, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events. Forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements about:

 

    our ability to attract and retain customers, including larger organizations;

 

    our ability to deepen our relationships with existing customers;

 

    our expectations regarding our customer growth rate;

 

    our business plan and beliefs and objectives for future operations;

 

    trends associated with our industry and potential market;

 

    benefits associated with use of our platform and services;

 

    our ability to develop or acquire new solutions, improve our platform and solutions and increase the value of our platform and solutions;

 

    our ability to compete successfully against current and future competitors;

 

    our ability to further develop strategic relationships;

 

    our ability to achieve positive returns on investments;

 

    our ability to acquire complementary businesses, products or technology;

 

    our plans to further invest in and grow our business, and our ability to effectively manage our growth and associated investments;

 

    our ability to timely and effectively scale and adapt our existing technology;

 

    our ability to increase our revenue, our revenue growth rate and gross margin;

 

    our ability to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability;

 

    our future financial performance, including trends in revenue, cost of revenue, operating expenses, other income and expenses, income taxes, billings and customers;

 

    the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operations to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements;

 

    our ability to raise capital and the loans of those financings;

 

    our ability to attract, train and retain qualified employees and key personnel;

 

    our ability to maintain and benefit from our corporate culture;

 

    our ability to successfully identify, acquire and integrate companies and assets;

 

    our ability to successfully enter new markets and manage our international expansion;

 

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    our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property and not infringe upon others’ intellectual property; and

 

    our anticipated uses of our net proceeds from this offering.

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this prospectus to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

 

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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry and the market in which we operate, including our general expectations and market position, market opportunity and market size, is based on information from various sources, on assumptions that we have made that are based on those data and other similar sources, and on our knowledge of the markets for our solutions. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations and is inherently imprecise, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates. In addition, the industry in which we operate, as well as the projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.

Some of the industry and market data contained in this prospectus are based on independent industry publications, including those generated by Forrester, Gartner, Inc. (“Gartner”), IBM Security, IDC, KuppingerCole, McAfee, Ponemon Institute, Risk Based Security and Verizon, or other publicly available information. The Gartner reports referenced herein (the “Gartner Reports”) represent research opinions or viewpoints published, as part of a syndicated subscription service, by Gartner, and are not representations of fact. Each Gartner Report speaks as of its original publication date (and not as of the date of this prospectus) and the opinions expressed in the Gartner Reports are subject to change without notice.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $            million (or approximately $            million if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full), assuming an initial public offering price of $            per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares being offered by the selling stockholders.

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, create a public market for our common stock and enable access to the public equity markets for us and our stockholders.

We intend to use our net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, operating expenses, capital expenditures and funding our growth strategies discussed in this prospectus (which include driving new customer growth within existing geographic markets, penetrating our existing customer base and expanding our global presence and continuing to invest in our products and platform), and to repay $            million of the borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility. We may also use a portion of our net proceeds to acquire complementary businesses, products, services or technologies. However, we do not have agreements or commitments for any acquisitions at this time.

As of June 30, 2017, we had $160.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility. The term loan facility matures on August 16, 2021 and bears interest at a variable rate. At June 30, 2017, the weighted average interest rate on borrowings under our term loan facility was 8%. All of the outstanding borrowings under our term loan facility that were incurred within one year were incurred for working capital, except $50.0 million was incurred in June 2017 to partially fund a $50.4 million dividend paid to the holders of our preferred stock on a rata basis.

Our expected uses of our net proceeds from this offering are based upon our present plans, objectives and business condition. As of the date of this prospectus, except for the repayment of $             million of the borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility, we cannot predict with certainty the particular uses for our net proceeds from this offering, and management has not estimated the amount of proceeds, or the range of proceeds, to be used for any particular purpose. As such, our management will have broad discretion in the application of our net proceeds from this offering, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of our net proceeds. Pending the use of our proceeds from this offering as described above, we intend to invest our net proceeds in short-term and long-term interest-bearing obligations, including government and investment-grade debt securities and money market funds.

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or decrease, as applicable, the net proceeds that we receive from this offering by approximately $            million, assuming that the number of shares of common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. Similarly, each increase or decrease of 1.0 million in the number of shares of our common stock offered by us would increase or decrease the net proceeds that we receive from this offering by approximately $            million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not expect to pay any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our credit facility places restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of June 30, 2017:

 

    on an actual basis;

 

    on a pro forma basis, giving effect to the Preferred Stock Conversion and the Stock Split; and

 

    on a pro forma as adjusted basis, giving effect to the pro forma adjustments set forth above and the sale and issuance by us of              shares of our common stock in this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $            per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and the application of our net proceeds from this offering as set forth under the section titled “Use of Proceeds.”

You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, and the sections titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Use of Proceeds” that are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     As of June 30, 2017  
     Actual     Pro Forma      Pro Forma
As Adjusted
 
     (In thousands, except share and per
share data)
 

Cash and cash equivalents(1)

   $ 20,882     $                   $               
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term debt, net of current portion:

   $ 156,099     $      $  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share—500,000 shares authorized, 223,871 issued and outstanding, actual;                  shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted

     173,484               

Stockholder’s deficit:

       

Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share—59,500,000 shares authorized and 48,239,188 shares issued and outstanding, actual;              shares authorized and              shares issued and outstanding, pro forma;              shares authorized and              shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted

     5       

Treasury stock, at cost—144,540 shares, actual;              shares, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted

     (333     

Additional paid-in capital(1)

     4,280       

Accumulated deficit

     (24,217     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ deficit(1)

     (20,265     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total capitalization(1)

   $ 309,318     $      $  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or decrease cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $            million, $            million, $            million and $            million, respectively, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase or decrease of 1.0 million shares offered by us at the assumed offering price of $            per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase or

 

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  decrease cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $            million, $            million, $            million and $            million, respectively, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

If the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, pro forma as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization and shares outstanding as of June 30, 2017 would be $            , $            , $              and             shares, respectively.

 

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DILUTION

If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our common stock in this offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering. Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering represents the difference between the amount per share paid by investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after completion of this offering.

Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our total tangible assets less our total liabilities by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of June 30, 2017 was $            , or $            per share, based on the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2017, after giving effect to the Preferred Stock Conversion and the Stock Split, both of which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering.

After giving effect to the sale by us of              shares of our common stock in this offering at the initial public offering price of $            per share, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2017 would have been $            , or $            per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $            per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $            per share to investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution:

 

Initial public offering price per share

      $      (1)

Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2017

   $                  

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering

     
  

 

 

    

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after the completion of this offering

     
     

 

 

 

Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors purchasing shares in this offering

      $               
     

 

 

 

 

(1) If the initial public offering price were to increase or decrease by $1.00 per share, then dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering would equal $            or $            , respectively.

If the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the completion of this offering would be $            per share, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering would be $            per share.

The following table presents, as of June 30, 2017, after giving effect to (i) the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our preferred stock into an aggregate of              shares of our common stock (assuming an initial public offering price of $            per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)), which conversion will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering, and (ii) the sale by us of              shares of our common stock in this offering at the initial public offering price of $            per share, the difference between the existing stockholders and the investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering with respect to the number of shares of our common stock purchased from us, the

 

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total consideration paid or to be paid to us, and the average price per share paid or to be paid to us, before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:

 

     Shares Purchased     Total Consideration     Average Price
Per Share
 
     Number      Percent     Amount      Percent    

Existing stockholders

               $                            $               

Investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering

            
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

Totals

        100   $        100  
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

Except as otherwise indicated, the above discussion and tables assume no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. If the underwriters’ over-allotment option were exercised in full, our existing stockholders would own     % and the investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering would own     % of the total number of shares of our capital stock outstanding immediately after completion of this offering.

To the extent that any outstanding options to purchase shares of our common stock are exercised, or new awards are granted under our equity compensation plans, there will be further dilution to investors participating in this offering.

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

We have derived the selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derived the selected consolidated statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited consolidated financial data on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements, and the unaudited consolidated financial data include, in our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information set forth in those statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future and our operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2017.

The following summary consolidated financial and other data should be read in conjunction with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     Year Ended December 31,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2015     2016     2016     2017  
     (In thousands, except share and per share data)  

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

        

Revenue:

        

Licenses

   $ 44,124     $ 54,395     $ 20,784     $ 25,577  

Subscription

     29,930       49,364       22,652       31,276  

Services and other

     21,302       28,653       13,452       17,873  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

     95,356       132,412       56,888       74,726  

Cost of revenue:

        

Licenses

     4,293       4,278       2,108       2,197  

Subscription(1)

     9,815       13,051       5,957       7,513  

Services and other(1)

     15,151       19,709       8,993       11,120  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of revenue

     29,259       37,038       17,058       20,830  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     66,097       95,374       39,830       53,896  

Operating expenses:

        

Research and development(1)

     19,965       24,358       11,554       14,893  

General and administrative(1)

     7,474       9,680       4,935       6,474  

Sales and marketing(1)

     46,831       58,607       27,852       33,513  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     74,270       92,645       44,341       54,880  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Loss) income from operations

     (8,173     2,729       (4,511     (984

Other expense, net:

        

Interest expense, net

     (3,883     (7,277     (2,092     (5,353

Other, net

     (1,365     (610     (279     (94
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense, net

     (5,248     (7,887     (2,371     (5,447
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (13,421     (5,158     (6,882     (6,431

Income tax benefit (expense)

     2,614       1,985       2,650       (156
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (10,807   $ (3,173   $ (4,232   $ (6,587
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accretion of dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock

     (21,597     (23,618     (11,500     (12,590
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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     Year Ended December 31,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2015     2016     2016     2017  
     (In thousands, except share and per share data)  

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (32,404   $ (26,791   $ (15,732   $ (19,177
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2):

        

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.74   $ (0.58   $ (0.34   $ (0.40
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2):

        

Basic and diluted

     43,929,159       45,933,218       45,675,039       47,567,048  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2)(3):

        

Basic and diluted

     $       $  
    

 

 

     

 

 

 

Pro forma weighted-average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders(2)(3):

        

Basic and diluted

        
    

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,      Six Months Ended June 30,  
           2015                  2016                    2016                      2017          
     (In thousands)  

Cost of revenue—subscription

   $ 12      $ 34      $ 13      $ 18  

Cost of revenue—services and other

     20        63        24        38  

Research and development

     62        118        44        65  

General and administrative

     28        96        40        75  

Sales and marketing

     124        257        93        147  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation

   $ 246      $ 568      $ 214      $ 343  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(2) See Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial statements and Note 16 to our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to compute the historical and pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders and the weighted-average number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts.
(3) Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders and pro forma weighted-average common shares outstanding have been computed to give effect to (a) the Preferred Stock Conversion and the Stock Split, both of which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering, and (b) the issuance by us of              shares of common stock in this offering and the application of our proceeds from this offering as set forth under “Use of Proceeds,” assuming an initial public offering price of $         per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). This pro forma data is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to represent what our net income or net income per share attributable to common stockholders actually would have been had the Preferred Stock Conversion and the Stock Split occurred on January 1, 2016 or to project our net income or net income per share for any future period.

 

 

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     As of December 31,     As of
June 30, 2017
 
     2015     2016    
    

(In thousands)

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

      

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 14,896     $ 18,214     $ 20,882  

Working capital, excluding deferred revenue(1)

     27,982       60,047       61,774  

Total assets

     371,504       387,410       384,824  

Deferred revenue, current and non-current portion

     34,888       55,104       62,766  

Long-term debt, net of current portion

     99,770       107,344       156,099  

Total liabilities

     160,465       177,307       231,605  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

     222,898       223,987       173,484  

Total stockholders’ deficit

     (11,859     (13,884     (20,265

 

(1) We define working capital as current assets less current liabilities, excluding deferred revenue.

 

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

In addition to our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures to clarify and enhance our understanding of past performance and future prospects. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s operating performance, financial position or cash flow that includes or excludes amounts that are included or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. As discussed below, we monitor the non-GAAP financial measures described below, and we believe they are helpful to investors.

Our non-GAAP financial measures may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in our industry because they may calculate non-GAAP financial results differently. In addition, there are limitations in using non-GAAP financial measures because they are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and exclude expenses that may have a material impact on our reported financial results. In particular, interest expense, which is excluded from adjusted EBITDA has been and will continue to be a significant recurring expense in our business for the foreseeable future. The presentation of non-GAAP financial information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. We urge you to review the reconciliations of our non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures included below, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude income taxes, interest expense, net, depreciation and amortization, purchase accounting adjustments, acquisition and sponsor related costs and stock-based compensation expense.

We believe that adjusted EBITDA is a measure widely used by securities analysts and investors to evaluate the financial performance of our company and other companies. We believe that adjusted EBITDA is an important measure for evaluating our performance because it facilitates comparisons of our core operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure (net interest income or expense from our outstanding debt), asset base (depreciation and amortization), tax consequences, purchase accounting adjustments, acquisition and sponsor related costs and stock-based compensation. In addition, we base certain of our forward-looking estimates and budgets on adjusted EBITDA.

The following table reflects the reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net loss calculated in accordance with GAAP:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2015     2016        2016           2017     
     (In thousands)  

Net loss

   $ (10,807   $ (3,173   $ (4,232   $ (6,587

Income tax expense (benefit)

     (2,614     (1,985     (2,650     156  

Interest expense, net

     3,883       7,277       2,092       5,353  

Amortization

     9,099       9,092       4,733       4,418  

Depreciation

     521       890      
420
 
   
560
 

Purchase accounting adjustment(1)

     5,618       1,373       791       110  

Acquisition and sponsor related costs

     1,518       1,093       535       656  

Stock-based compensation

     246       568       214       343  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ 7,464     $ 15,135     $ 1,903     $ 5,009  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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     Three Months Ended  
     3/31/2016     6/30/2016     9/30/2016     12/31/2016      3/31/2017     6/30/2017  
                 (In thousands)               

Net income (loss)

   $ (2,114   $ (2,118   $ (2,247   $ 3,306      $ (2,283   $ (4,304

Income tax expense (benefit)

     (1,324     (1,326     (1,407     2,072        (239     395  

Interest expense

     1,032       1,060       2,355       2,830        2,657       2,696  

Amortization

     2,475       2,258       2,130       2,229        2,211       2,207  

Depreciation

     207       213       227       243        265       295  

Purchase price accounting adjustment(1)

     399       392       292       290        55       55  

Acquisition and sponsor related costs

     270       265       268       290        328       328  

Stock-based compensation

     105       109       116       238        158       185  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ 1,050     $ 853     $ 1,734     $ 11,498      $ 3,152     $ 1,857  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Purchase accounting adjustment related to the fair value write down of deferred revenue from the Acquisition. For more information relating to such transaction, please see Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors” and in other parts of this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future, and our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results we expect for the full fiscal year or any other period.

Overview

SailPoint is the leading provider of enterprise identity governance solutions. Our open identity platform provides organizations with critical visibility into who currently has access to which resources, who should have access to those resources, and how that access is being used.

We offer both on-premises software and cloud-based solutions, which empower our customers to efficiently and securely govern the digital identities of employees, contractors, business partners and other users, and manage their constantly changing access rights to enterprise applications and data across hybrid IT environments, whether comprised of on-premises, cloud or mobile applications. We help customers enable their businesses with more agile and innovative IT, enhance their security posture and better meet compliance and regulatory requirements. We believe that our open identity platform is a critical, foundational layer of a modern cyber security strategy that complements and builds upon traditional perimeter- and endpoint-centric security solutions, which on their own are increasingly insufficient to secure organizations, and their applications and data. Our customers include many of the world’s largest and most complex organizations, including commercial enterprises, educational institutions and governments.

We were founded by identity industry veterans to develop a new category of identity management solutions and address emerging identity governance challenges. Since our inception, we have focused on driving innovation in the identity market, with our key milestones including:

 

    in 2007, we pioneered identity governance through our release of IdentityIQ, our on-premises identity governance solution;

 

    in 2010, we revolutionized provisioning by integrating it with IdentityIQ into a single solution;

 

    in 2013, we introduced our cloud-based identity governance solution, IdentityNow;

 

    in 2015, we extended identity governance by adding our data governance solution, SecurityIQ, which manages user access to unstructured data, a rapidly growing area of risk; and

 

    in 2017, we further extended identity governance with the introduction of our advanced identity analytics solution, IdentityAI, which we intend to make generally available by the end of the year and which is designed to use machine learning technologies to enable rapid detection of security threats before they turn into security breaches.

Our solutions address the complex needs of global enterprises and mid-market organizations. As of June 30, 2017, more than 750 customers across a wide variety of industries were using our products to enable and secure digital identities across the globe. No single customer represented more than 10% of our revenue for the years ended 2015 or 2016 or the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Our revenue grew at a compound annual growth rate of 41% from the year ended 2011 to the year ended 2016. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017,

 

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our revenue was $95.4 million, $132.4 million, $56.9 million and $74.7 million, respectively. During such periods, purchase accounting adjustments related to the Acquisition reduced our revenue by $5.6 million, $1.4 million, $0.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, our net loss was $10.8 million, $3.2 million, $4.2 million and $6.6 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, our net cash provided by operations was $3.6 million, $6.5 million, $4.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively.

Our success is principally dependent on our ability to deliver compelling solutions to attract new customers and retain existing customers. Delivering these solutions is challenging because our customers have large, complex IT environments, often rely on both legacy and innovative technologies, and deploy different business models, including on premise and cloud solutions. Rising security threats and evolving regulations and compliance standards for cyber security, data protection, privacy and internal IT controls create new opportunities for our industry and require us to adapt our solutions to be successful. Our ability to continue to maintain our historical growth rates is also challenging because our growth strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our global presence and invest in new vertical markets, while competing against much larger companies with more recognizable brands and financial resources. Although we seek to grow rapidly, we also focus on delivering positive net cash from operations while continuing to invest in our platform and to deliver innovative solutions to our customers. Additionally, our gross margins vary depending on the type of solution we sell, and a shift in the mix of our solutions could affect our performance relative to historical results.

Our Business Model

We deliver an integrated set of solutions that supports all aspects of identity governance, including provisioning, access request, compliance controls, password management and data access governance. Our solutions are built on an open identity platform, which offers connectivity to a variety of security and operational IT applications, extending the reach of our identity governance processes and enabling effective identity governance controls across customer environments.

Our set of solutions currently consists of (i) IdentityIQ, our on-premises identity governance solution, (ii) IdentityNow, our cloud-based, multi-tenant governance suite, which is delivered as a subscription service, and (iii) SecurityIQ, our on-premises data access governance solution that secures access to data stored in file servers, collaboration portals, mailboxes and cloud storage systems. See the section titled “Business—Products” for more information regarding our solutions.

For our IdentityIQ and SecurityIQ solutions, our customers typically purchase a perpetual software license, which includes one year of maintenance. Our maintenance provides software maintenance as well as access to our technical support services during the maintenance term. After the initial maintenance period, customers with perpetual licenses may renew their maintenance agreement for an additional fee. For our cloud-based solution, IdentityNow, for a subscription fee, we offer customers access to this solution and infrastructure support for the duration of their subscription agreement. Our standard subscription agreement for our IdentityNow solution has a duration of three years.

Pricing for each of our solutions is dependent on the number of digital identities of employees, contractors, business partners and other users that the customer is entitled to govern with the solution. We also package and price our IdentityIQ and IdentityNow solutions into modules. Each module has unique functionalities, and our IdentityIQ and IdentityNow customers are able to purchase one or more modules, depending on their needs. We package and price SecurityIQ, our data access governance solution, by target storage systems. Thus, our revenue from any customer is generally determined by the number of identities that the customer is entitled to govern as well as the number of modules (for our IdentityIQ and IdentityNow solutions) or target storage systems (for our SecurityIQ solution) purchased by the customer.

 

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Our go-to-market strategy consists of both direct sales and indirect sales through our partnership network of systems integrators, value-added resellers and adjacent technology vendors. We work closely with systems integrators, many of whom have dedicated SailPoint practices (including Accenture, Deloitte, KPMG and PwC), with some dating back more than seven years, and resellers (including value-added resellers such as Optiv) to identify potential sales opportunities and help us increase our reach, and we frequently cooperate with systems integrators to make joint sales proposals to address our mutual customers’ requirements. We also collaborate with technology partners. For example, we collaborate with Microsoft by adding our identity governance capabilities to their access management services. We do not have any material payment obligations to systems integrators, resellers or our technology partners; nor do they have any material payment obligations to us, except that resellers typically purchase solutions directly from us and resell to customers. See the section titled “Business—Partnerships and Strategic Relationships” for more information regarding our partnership network.

In addition to our solutions, we offer professional services to our customers and partners to configure and optimize the use of our solutions as well as training services related to the configuration and operation of our platform. Most of our professional services activity is in support of our partners, who perform a significant majority of all initial and follow-on implementation work for our customers. Most of our consulting services are priced on a time and materials basis; our training services are provided through multiple pricing models, including on a per-person basis (for courses provided at our headquarters and on-site at our customers’ offices) and a flat-rate basis (for our e-learning course).

We devote significant resources to acquire new customers, in both existing and new markets, in order to grow our customer base. In addition, we focus on three distinct opportunities to increase sales to existing customers: (i) expand the number of digital identities; (ii) up-sell additional modules or target storage systems, as applicable, within a single solution; and (iii) cross-sell additional solutions.

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

Our historical financial performance has been, and we expect our financial performance in the future to be, driven by our ability to:

 

    Add New Customers Within Existing Markets. Based on data from S&P Global Market Intelligence, we believe that we have penetrated approximately 1% of the approximately 65,000 companies in the countries where we have customers today and that as a result, there is significant opportunity to expand our footprint in our existing markets through new, greenfield installations and displacement of our competitors’ legacy solutions. To do so, we plan to grow our sales organization, increase and leverage our indirect channel partners and enhance our marketing efforts.

 

    Generate Additional Sales to Existing Customers. We believe that our existing customer base provides us with a significant opportunity to drive incremental sales. In most cases, our customers initially purchase a subset of the modules or solutions we offer based on their immediate need. We focus on generating more revenue from the modules that our customers have already purchased from us as our customers grow the number of identities our solutions manage and govern and as our customers deploy our solutions across other business units or geographies within their organizations. Over time, we also identify up-selling and cross-selling opportunities and seek to sell additional modules and solutions to our existing customers.

 

   

Retain Customers and Maintain Strong Maintenance Renewal Rates. We believe that our ability to retain our customers is an important component of our growth strategy and reflects the long-term value of our customer relationships. For example, when we add a new customer, we generate new license revenue. If the customer renews, we generate incremental maintenance revenue. As we add new IdentityIQ customers, our high renewal rates result in incremental maintenance revenue. Our key strategies to maintain our high renewal rates include focusing on the quality and reliability of our solutions, customer service and support to ensure our customers receive value from our solutions,

 

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providing consistent software upgrades and having dedicated customer success teams. We measure our maintenance renewal rate for our IdentityIQ customers over a 12-month period on a gross retention basis. Our maintenance renewal rate is calculated by taking the total prior period maintenance revenue from customers that have renewed in the current period and dividing that figure by the total prior period maintenance revenue for all customers with contracts that were up for renewal. By definition, our calculation does not take into account incremental revenue from price increases, expanding the number of identities, cross-selling additional solutions or upselling additional modules. As a result of not taking this incremental revenue into account, our maintenance renewal rate cannot exceed 100%. Our IdentityIQ maintenance renewal rate for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 has been over 95%.

 

    Expand into New Markets. We expect to continue to invest significantly in sales, marketing and customer service, as well as our indirect channel partner network, to expand into new geographies and vertical markets. We believe that our market opportunity is large and growing and that the global cyber security market represents a significant growth opportunity for us. In 2016, we generated only 30% of our revenue outside of the United States. In comparison, Gartner estimates more than 62% of worldwide spending on security products in 2016 was outside of the United States.(3)

Key Business Metrics

In addition to our GAAP financial information, we monitor the following key metrics to help us measure and evaluate the effectiveness of our operations:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
    Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
     2015     2016     2016     2017  

Number of customers (as of end of period)

     520       695       589       776  

Subscription revenue as a percentage of total revenue

     31     37     40     42

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)

   $ 7,464     $ 15,135     $ 1,903     $ 5,009  

 

    Number of Customers. We believe that the size of our customer base is an indicator of our market penetration and that our net customer additions are an indicator of the growth of our business and our future revenue opportunity. We define a customer as a distinct entity, division or business unit of an organization that receives support or has the right to use our cloud-based solutions as of the specified measurement date.

 

    Subscription Revenue as a Percentage of Total Revenue. Subscription revenue is a portion of our total revenue and is derived from (i) IdentityNow, our cloud-based solution where customers enter into SaaS subscription agreements with us, and (ii) IdentityIQ and SecurityIQ maintenance and support agreements, but not licenses. As we generally sell our solutions on a per-identity basis, our subscription revenue for any customer is primarily determined by the number of identities that the customer is entitled to govern as part of a SaaS subscription, and the ongoing price paid per-identity under a maintenance and support agreement or SaaS subscription. Thus, we consider our subscription revenue to be the recurring portion of our revenue base and believe that its continued growth as a percentage of total revenue will lead to a more predictable revenue model and increase our visibility to future period total revenues. Because we recognize our subscription revenue ratably over the duration of those agreements, a portion of the revenue we recognize each period is derived from agreements we entered into in prior periods. In contrast, we typically recognize license revenue upon entering into the applicable license, the timing of which is less predictable and may cause significant fluctuations in our quarterly financial results.

 

(3)  Gartner, Inc., “Gartner, Forecast Information Security Worldwide, 2015-2021, 1Q17 Update,” dated May 18, 2017. See “Market and Industry Data” for information regarding the industry data used in this prospectus.

 

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    Adjusted EBITDA. We believe that adjusted EBITDA is a measure widely used by securities analysts and investors to evaluate the financial performance of our company and other companies. We believe that adjusted EBITDA is an important measure for evaluating our performance because it facilitates comparisons of our core operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure (net interest income or expense from our outstanding debt), asset base (depreciation and amortization), tax consequences, purchase accounting adjustments, acquisition and sponsor related costs and stock-based compensation. In addition, we base certain of our forward-looking estimates and budgets on adjusted EBITDA. See the section titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information regarding adjusted EBITDA, including the limitations of using adjusted EBITDA as a financial measure, and for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

License Revenue. We generate license revenue through the sale of our on premises software license agreements. License transactions generally include an amount for first-year maintenance, which we recognize as subscription revenue. We typically recognize license revenue upon entering into the applicable license, assuming all revenue recognition criteria are satisfied. See the section titled “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Revenue Recognition” for more information. Historically, the majority of our license revenue has been derived from new customers, as opposed to existing customers, and we expect this trend to continue. Over time, we expect license revenue to decrease as a percentage of our total revenue as we continue to focus on increasing our subscription revenue as a key strategic priority.

Subscription Revenue. Our subscription revenue consists of (i) fees for ongoing maintenance and support of our licensed solutions and (ii) subscription fees for access to, and related support for, our cloud-based solution. We typically invoice subscription fees in advance in annual installments, and recognize subscription revenue ratably over the term of the applicable agreement, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied. See the section titled “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Revenue Recognition” for more information. Over time, we expect subscription revenue will increase as a percentage of total revenue as we continue to focus on increasing subscription revenue as a key strategic priority. In the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, our subscription revenue was impacted by purchase accounting adjustments to deferred revenue from the Acquisition. See the section titled “—Impact of Purchase Accounting.”

Services and Other Revenue. Services and other revenue consists primarily of fees from professional services provided to our customers and partners to configure and optimize the use of our solutions as well as training services related to the configuration and operation of our platform. Most of our professional services are priced on a time and materials basis, and we generally invoice customers monthly as the work is performed. We generally have standalone value for our professional services and recognize revenue as services are performed based on an estimated fair value as a separate unit of accounting. See the section titled “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Revenue Recognition” for more information. Most of our professional services activity is in support of our partners, who perform the significant majority of all initial and follow-on configuration and optimization work for our customers. Over time, we expect our professional services revenue as a percentage of total revenue to decline as we increasingly rely on partners to help our customers deploy our software. In the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, our services and other revenue was impacted by purchase accounting adjustments to deferred revenue from the Acquisition. See the section titled “—Impact of Purchase Accounting.”

Impact of Purchase Accounting. On September 8, 2014, SailPoint Technologies Holdings, Inc. acquired all of the capital stock of SailPoint Technologies, Inc. We refer to this transaction as the Acquisition. As a result of the Acquisition, we applied purchase accounting and a new basis of accounting beginning on the date of the Acquisition. As such, we were required by GAAP to record all assets and liabilities, including deferred revenue

 

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and long-lived assets, at fair value as of the effective date of the Acquisition, which in some cases was different than their historical book values. This had the effect of reducing revenue and deferred revenue and increasing cost of revenue from that which would have otherwise been recognized, as described in more detail below.

We assessed the fair value of deferred revenue acquired in the Acquisition to be $10.2 million, representing a decrease of $12.6 million from its historical book value. Recognizing deferred revenue at fair value reduces revenue in the periods subsequent to the Acquisition. The impact of the Acquisition to revenue was $5.6 million in the year ended 2015, $1.4 million in the year ended 2016, $0.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016 and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The effect of the Acquisition on the deferred costs was not material.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of License Revenue. Cost of license revenue consists of amortization expense for developed technology acquired in business combinations and third-party royalties.

Cost of Subscription Revenue. Cost of subscription revenue consists primarily of employee compensation cost (which consists of salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation), costs of our customer support organization, contractor costs to supplement our staff levels, allocated overhead, amortization expense for developed technology acquired in business combinations and third-party cloud-based hosting costs.

Cost of Services and Other Revenue. Cost of services and other revenue consists primarily of employee compensation costs of our professional services and training organizations, travel-related costs, contractor costs to supplement our staff levels and allocated overhead.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit is revenue less cost of revenue, and gross margin is gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Gross profit has been and will continue to be affected by various factors, including the mix of our license, subscription, and services and other revenue, the costs associated with third-party cloud-based hosting services for our cloud-based subscriptions, and the extent to which we expand our customer support and services organizations. We expect that our overall gross margin will fluctuate from period to period depending on the interplay of these various factors. Also, we expect our investment in technology to expand the capability of our services, enabling us to improve our gross margin over time.

License Gross Margin. License gross margin is primarily affected by the cost of third-party royalties and amortization of developed technology acquired in business combinations, neither of which are expected to fluctuate materially from period to period in the near term.

Subscription Gross Margin. Subscription gross margin is primarily affected by the growth in our subscription revenue as compared to the growth in, and timing of, cost of subscription revenue. Subscription gross margin is lower than our license gross margin due to, among other things, costs associated with our customer support organization and the costs associated with our cloud-based solution. We expect to continue to grow our subscription revenue, and the timing and rate of that growth might cause subscription gross margins to fluctuate in the short-term, but improve over time as we expect to see the benefits of scale in the infrastructure investments related to our cloud-based solution.

Services and Other Gross Margin. Services and other gross margin is impacted by the number of customers using our professional services, the hourly rate we are able to charge for our services and the mix of services provided. Services and other gross margin is lower than our license gross margin and our subscription gross margin due to, among other things, costs associated with our professional services and training organizations.

 

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Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs, allocated overhead and software and maintenance expenses, which includes cloud-based hosting costs related to the development of our cloud-based solution. We believe that continued investment in our offerings is vital to the growth of our business, and we intend to continue to invest in product development and in SailPoint Labs, our dedicated, stand-alone technology investigation and engineering group, to continue to innovate and offer our customers new solutions and to enhance our existing solutions as our business grows. See the section titled “Business—Research and Development” for more information. We expect such investment to increase on a dollar basis as our business grows.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs for corporate personnel, such as those in our executive, human resource, facilities, accounting and finance and information technology departments. In addition, general and administrative expenses include third-party professional fees and sponsor-related costs, as well as all other supporting corporate expenses not allocated to other departments. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase on a dollar basis as our business grows. Also, following the completion of this offering, we expect to incur additional general and administrative expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including costs to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange, costs related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, and increased expenses for insurance, investor relations and professional services.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs, sales commissions, costs of general marketing and promotional activities, travel-related expenses and allocated overhead. Sales commissions earned by our sales force on subscription contracts are deferred and amortized over the same period that revenue is recognized for the applicable contract. We expect to continue to invest in our sales force for expansion to new geographic and vertical markets. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase on a dollar basis and continue to be our largest operating expense category for the foreseeable future.

Allocated Overhead. We allocate shared costs, such as facilities costs (including rent and utilities), information technology costs and recruiting costs, to all departments based on headcount. As such, allocated shared costs are reflected in each cost of revenue and operating expense category.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net consists primarily of interest expense and foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to the impact of transactions denominated in a foreign currency. As we have expanded our international operations, our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currencies has increased, and we expect this to continue. Interest expense, net of interest income, consists primarily of interest on our term loan facility plus amortization of debt issuance costs.

Income Tax Expense

Provision for income taxes consists of U.S. and state income taxes and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We have a full valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards, and tax credits related primarily to research and development for our operations in the United States. We expect to maintain this full valuation allowance for the foreseeable future.

Our income tax rates vary from the federal and state statutory rates due to the valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets and foreign withholding taxes; changing tax laws, regulations and interpretations in multiple jurisdictions in which we operate; changes to the financial accounting rules for income taxes; unanticipated

 

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changes in tax rates; differences in accounting and tax treatment of our stock-based compensation and the tax effects of purchase accounting for acquisitions. We expect this fluctuation in income tax rates, as well as its potential impact on our results of operations, to continue.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2015     2016     2016     2017  
     (In thousands)  

Revenue:

        

Licenses

   $ 44,124     $ 54,395     $ 20,784     $ 25,577  

Subscription

     29,930       49,364       22,652       31,276  

Services and other

     21,302       28,653       13,452       17,873  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

     95,356       132,412       56,888       74,726  

Cost of revenue:

        

Licenses

     4,293       4,278       2,108       2,197  

Subscription(1)

     9,815       13,051       5,957       7,513  

Services and other(1)

     15,151       19,709       8,993       11,120  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of revenue

     29,259       37,038       17,058       20,830  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     66,097       95,374       39,830       53,896  

Operating expenses:

        

Research and development(1)

     19,965       24,358       11,554       14,893  

General and administrative(1)

     7,474       9,680       4,935       6,474  

Sales and marketing(1)

     46,831       58,607       27,852       33,513  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     74,270       92,645       44,341       54,880  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Loss) income from operations

     (8,173     2,729       (4,511     (984

Other expense, net:

        

Interest expense, net

     (3,883     (7,277     (2,092     (5,353

Other, net

     (1,365     (610     (279     (94
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense, net

     (5,248     (7,887     (2,371     (5,447
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (13,421     (5,158     (6,882     (6,431

Income tax benefit (expense)

     2,614       1,985       2,650       (156
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (10,807   $ (3,173   $ (4,232   $ (6,587
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)    Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

     

     
     Year Ended
December 31,
     Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2015      2016        2016          2017    
     (In thousands)  

Cost of revenue—subscription

   $ 12      $ 34      $ 13      $ 18  

Cost of revenue—services and other

     20        63        24        38  

Research and development

     62        118        44        65  

General and administrative

     28        96        40        75  

Sales and marketing

     124        257        93        147  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation

   $ 246      $ 568      $ 214      $ 343  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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The following table sets forth the consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods presented as a percentage of total revenue:

 

     Year Ended December 31,     Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
         2015             2016         2016     2017  

Revenue:

        

Licenses

     46     41     37     34

Subscription

     32       37       40       42  

Services and other

     22       22       23       24  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

     100       100       100       100  

Cost of revenue:

        

Licenses

     5       3       4       3  

Subscription

     10       10       10       10  

Services and other

     16       15       16       15  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of revenue

     31       28       30       28  

Gross profit

     69       72       70       72  

Operating expenses:

        

Research and development

     21       18       20       20  

General and administrative

     8       7       9       9  

Sales and marketing

     49       45       49       45  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     78       70       78       74  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Loss) income from operations

     (9     2       (8     (2

Other expense, net:

        

Interest expense, net

     (4     (5     (4     (7

Other, net

     (1     (0     (0     (0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense, net

     (5     (5     (4     (7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (14     (3     (12     (9

Income tax benefit (expense)

     3       1       5       (0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

     (11 )%      (2 )%      (7 )%      (9 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2017

Revenue

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2016      2017      Variance $      Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Revenue:

           

Licenses

   $ 20,784      $ 25,577      $ 4,793        23

Subscription

     22,652        31,276        8,624        38

Services and other

     13,452        17,873        4,421        33
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenue

   $ 56,888      $ 74,726      $ 17,838        31
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

License Revenue. License revenue increased by $4.8 million, or 23%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Although license revenue from new customers was greater than license revenue from existing customers for both the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, the increase in total license revenue was primarily attributable to follow-on sales to our existing customers. During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, license revenue from existing customers was $4.6 million and

 

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$10.8 million and license revenue from new customers was $16.2 million and $14.8 million, respectively. Our revenue from any single customer is determined by the number of identities the customer is entitled to govern as well as the number of modules and solutions purchased.

Subscription Revenue. Subscription revenue increased by $8.6 million, or 38%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily a result of an increase in maintenance renewals and an increase in maintenance revenue derived from new license sales. Our customer base increased by 187, or 32%, from 589 customers at June 30, 2016 to 776 customers at June 30, 2017. Approximately $0.6 million of the increase in subscription revenue is the result of a decrease in the purchase accounting write down of deferred revenue subsequent to the Acquisition.

Services and Other Revenue. Services and other revenue increased by $4.4 million, or 33%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase is primarily a result of an increase in the number of customers using our consulting and training services inclusive of $0.6 million in revenue associated with a single large project.

Geographic Regions. Our operations in the United States were responsible for the largest portion of our revenue in each of the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, as well as for our revenue growth in the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the prior year period, because of our larger and more established sales force and partner network in the United States as compared to our other regions. Revenue from both Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and the rest of the world also increased for the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to our investment in increasing the size of our international sales force and strengthening partnerships with global system integrators and resellers worldwide.

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods presented, our consolidated total revenue by geography and the respective percentage of total revenue:

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2016     2017  
     $         %        $         %     
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

United States

   $ 39,814        70   $ 53,020        71

EMEA(1)

     9,965        18     13,853        19

Rest of World(1)

     7,109        12     7,853        11
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

Total revenue

   $ 56,888        $ 74,726     
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

(1) No single country represented more than 10% of our consolidated revenue.

Cost of Revenue

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2016      2017      Variance $      Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Cost of revenue:

           

Licenses

   $ 2,108      $ 2,197      $ 89        4

Subscription

     5,957        7,513        1,556        26

Services and other

     8,993        11,120        2,127        24
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total cost of revenue

   $ 17,058      $ 20,830      $ 3,772        22
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Cost of License Revenue. The cost of license revenue did not materially change in dollar amount from period to period. During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2017, cost of license revenue included $2.0 million in amortization of intangibles acquired in business combinations for both periods.

 

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Cost of Subscription Revenue. Cost of subscription revenue increased by $1.6 million, or 26%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Approximately $0.9 million was attributed to increase in headcount and related allocated expenses to support growth of our subscription cloud-based offering and ongoing maintenance for our expanding licensed customer base. Approximately $0.6 million was attributable to our increased cloud-based hosting costs.

Cost of Services and Other Revenue. Cost of services and other revenue increased by $2.1 million, or 24%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Substantially all of the increase was the result of our increased services and training headcount and related allocated overhead.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2016      2017      Variance $      Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Gross profit:

           

Licenses

   $ 18,676      $ 23,380      $ 4,704        25

Subscription

     16,695        23,763        7,068        42

Services and other

     4,459        6,753        2,294        51
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total gross profit

   $ 39,830      $ 53,896      $ 14,066        35
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     June 30, 2016     June 30, 2017  

Gross margin:

    

Licenses

     90     91

Subscription

     74     76

Services and other

     33     38

Total gross margin

     70     72

Licenses. License gross profit increased by $4.7 million, or 25%, during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was the result of increased license revenues with only minor increases in third party royalties.

Subscription. Subscription gross profit increased by $7.1 million, or 42%, during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was the result of growth in subscription revenue, as described above, coupled with growth in costs of subscription revenue at a rate lower than our revenue growth as we continue to build economies of scale within our customer support organization and our utilization of cloud-based hosting services.

Services and Other. Services and other gross profit increased by $2.3 million, or 51%, during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. This increase was the result of the volume and mix of services provided in the period yielding a higher price per hour as well as the headcount required to provide such professional services increasing at a slower rate as we continue to build economies of scale within our professional services and training organization.

 

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Operating Expenses

 

     Six Months Ended June 30,  
     2016      2017      Variance $      Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Operating expenses:

           

Research and development

   $ 11,554      $ 14,893      $ 3,339        29

General and administrative

     4,935        6,474        1,539        31

Sales and marketing

     27,852        33,513        5,661        20
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total operating expenses

   $ 44,341      $ 54,880      $ 10,539        24
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased by $3.3 million, or 29%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Approximately 85% of this increase was the result of an increase in headcount, and related allocated overhead, to optimize and expand our product offerings as well as pursue innovation in identity governance. Substantially all of the remaining increase in research and development expenses was the result of increased software and maintenance expenses, primarily cloud-based hosting costs related to the development of our cloud-based offering.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $1.5 million, or 31%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Approximately 80% of the increase was the result of an increase in corporate headcount, and related allocated overhead, to support the growth and scale of the business.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 20%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Approximately $4.4 million, or 78%, of the increase was the result of our increased sales and marketing headcount, and related allocated overhead, to support increased penetration into our existing customer base as well as expansion into new industry verticals and geographic markets. As our headcount increased we also experienced related increases in travel and recruiting costs of $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Substantially all of the remaining increase in sales and marketing expenses was the result of increased partner commissions and consulting costs.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net of interest income, increased by $3.3 million, or 156%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. These increases were the result of our entry into a new credit facility, effective in August 2016, which increased the stated interest rate from 3.7% to 9.0%.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2016

Revenue

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      Variance $      Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Licenses

   $ 44,124      $ 54,395      $ 10,271        23

Subscription

     29,930        49,364        19,434        65

Services and other

     21,302        28,653        7,351        35
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenue

   $ 95,356      $ 132,412      $ 37,056        39
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

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License Revenue. License revenue increased by $10.3 million, or 23%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to sales to new customers, which also contributed to a greater percentage of our total license revenue than sales to existing customers. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, license revenue from new customers was $29.4 million and $42.2 million and license revenue from existing customers was $14.7 million and $12.2 million, respectively. Our revenue from any single customer is determined by the number of identities the customer is entitled to govern as well as the number of modules and solutions purchased.

Subscription Revenue. Subscription revenue increased by $19.4 million, or 65%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily a result of an increase in maintenance renewals and an increase in maintenance revenue derived from new license sales. Our customer base increased by 175, or 34%, from 520 customers at December 31, 2015 to 695 customers at December 31, 2016. Approximately $3.9 million of the increase in subscription revenue is the result of a decrease in the purchase accounting write down of deferred revenue subsequent to the Acquisition.

Services and Other Revenue. Services and other revenue increased by $7.4 million, or 35%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase is primarily the result of an increase in the number of customers using our consulting and training services. Approximately $0.3 million of the increase in services and other revenue is the result of a decrease in the purchase accounting write down of deferred revenue subsequent to the Acquisition.

Geographic Regions. Our operations in the United States were responsible for the largest portion of our revenue in 2015 and 2016, as well as for our revenue growth in 2016 as compared to 2015, because of our larger and more established sales force and partner network in the United States as compared to our other regions. Revenue from both EMEA and the rest of the world also increased for 2016 as compared to 2015, primarily due to our investment in increasing the size of our international sales force and strengthening partnerships with global system integrators and resellers worldwide.

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods presented, our consolidated total revenue by geography and the respective percentage of total revenue:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2015     2016  
     $        %       $        %    
    

(In thousands, except percentages)

 

United States

   $ 63,440        67   $ 92,116        70

EMEA(1)

     20,770        22     25,668        19

Rest of World(1)

     11,146        12     14,628        11
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

Total Revenue

   $ 95,356        $ 132,412     
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

(1) No single country represented more than 10% of our consolidated revenue.

Cost of Revenue

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      Variance $     Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Licenses

   $ 4,293      $ 4,278      $ (15      

Subscription

     9,815        13,051        3,236       33

Services and other

     15,151        19,709        4,558       30
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total cost of revenue

   $ 29,259      $ 37,038      $ 7,779       27
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

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Cost of License Revenue. The cost of license revenue did not materially change in dollar amount from period to period. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, cost of license revenues included $3.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively, of amortization of intangibles acquired in business combinations.

Cost of Subscription Revenue. Cost of subscription revenue increased by $3.2 million, or 33%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Approximately $2.6 million of the increase was the result of our increased headcount, and related allocated overhead, to support growth of our subscription cloud-based offering and ongoing maintenance for our expanding licensed customer base. Approximately $0.6 million of the increase was the result of our increased cloud-based hosting costs for our cloud-based solution. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, cost of subscription revenue included $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of amortization of intangibles acquired in business combinations.

Cost of Services and Other Revenue. Cost of services and other revenue increased by $4.6 million, or 30%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Approximately 95% of the increase was the result of our increased services and training headcount and related allocated overhead.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2015     2016     Variance $      Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Gross profit:

         

Licenses

   $ 39,831     $ 50,117     $ 10,286        26

Subscription

     20,115       36,313       16,198        81

Services and other

     6,151       8,944       2,793        45
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Total gross profit

   $ 66,097     $ 95,374     $ 29,277        44
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Gross margin:

         

Licenses

     90     92     

Subscription

     67     74     

Services and other

     29     31     

Total gross margin

     69     72     

Licenses. License gross profit increased by $10.3 million, or 26%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was the result of increased license revenue as well as decreased costs on license revenue as a result of acquiring the SecurityIQ technology in July of 2015.

Subscription. Subscription gross profit increased by $16.2 million, or 81%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was the result of growth in subscription revenue, as described above, coupled with growth in costs of subscription revenue at a rate lower than our revenue growth as we continue to build economies of scale within our customer support organization and our utilization of cloud-based hosting services.

Services and Other. Services and other gross profit increased by $2.8 million, or 45%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. This increase was the result of the volume and mix of services provided in the period.

 

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Operating Expenses

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2015      2016      Variance $      Variance %  
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Research and development

   $ 19,965      $ 24,358      $ 4,393        22

General and administrative

     7,474        9,680        2,206        30

Sales and marketing

     46,831        58,607        11,776        25
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total operating expenses

   $ 74,270      $ 92,645      $ 18,375        25
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased by $4.4 million, or 22%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Approximately $4.0 million of the increase was the result of our increased headcount, and related allocated overhead, to optimize and expand our product offerings as well as pursue innovation in identity governance. Approximately $0.5 million of the increase was the result of increased software and maintenance expenses, primarily cloud-based hosting costs related to the development of our cloud-based solution.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $2.2 million, or 30%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily the result of a $0.9 million increase in corporate staff, and related allocated overhead, to support the growth and scale of the business and a $1.3 million increase in professional service expense, including sponsor-related costs and other consulting and advisory costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $11.8 million, or 25%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Approximately $10.2 million of the increase was the result of our increased sales and marketing headcount, and related allocated overhead, to support increased penetration into our existing customer base as well as expansion into new industry verticals and geographic markets. Also contributing to the increase in sales and marketing expenses was a $1.6 million increase in expenses related to advertising and marketing programs and a $1.3 million increase in travel expenses, partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in consulting costs, and a $0.6 million decrease in amortization expense.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net increased by $0.8 million, or 55%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on sales transactions denominated in foreign currencies.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net of interest income, increased by $3.4 million, or 87%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was the result of our entry into a new credit facility, effective in August of 2016, which increased the stated interest rate from 3.7% to 9.0%.

Quarterly Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data for each of the quarters indicated, as well as the percentage that each line item represents of our total revenue for each quarter presented. The information for each quarter has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus, and reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information

 

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contained in those statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. The following quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     Three Months Ended  
     3/31/2016     6/30/2016     9/30/2016     12/31/2016     3/31/2017     6/30/2017  
                 (in thousands)              

Revenue

            

Licenses

   $ 9,892     $ 10,892     $ 11,379     $ 22,232     $ 12,236     $ 13,341  

Subscription

     10,969       11,683       12,631       14,081       14,952       16,324  

Services and other

     6,591       6,861       7,166       8,035       8,278       9,595  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

     27,452       29,436       31,176       44,348       35,466       39,260  

Cost of revenue

            

Licenses

     1,033       1,075       1,064       1,106       1,087       1,110  

Subscription(1)

     2,813       3,144       3,620       3,474       3,575       3,938  

Services and other(1)

     4,223       4,770       5,353       5,363       5,473       5,647  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of revenue

     8,069       8,989       10,037       9,943       10,135       10,695  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     19,383       20,447       21,139       34,405       25,331       28,565  

Operating expenses:

            

Research and development(1)

     5,492       6,062       6,169       6,635       6,927       7,966  

General and administrative(1)

     2,663       2,272       2,298       2,447       3,032       3,442  

Sales and marketing(1)

     13,387       14,465       13,854       16,901       15,173       18,340  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     21,542       22,799       22,321       25,983       25,132       29,748  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

     (2,159     (2,352     (1,182     8,422       199       (1,183

Other expense, net:

            

Interest expense, net

     (1,032     (1,060     (2,355     (2,830     (2,657     (2,696

Other, net

     (247     (32     (117     (214     (64     (30
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense, net

     (1,279     (1,092     (2,472     (3,044     (2,721     (2,726
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (3,438     (3,444     (3,654     5,378       (2,522     (3,909

Income tax benefit (expense)

     1,324       1,326       1,407       (2,072     239       (395
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   $ (2,114   $ (2,118   $ (2,247   $ 3,306     $ (2,283   $ (4,304
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 

     Three Months Ended  
     3/31/2016      6/30/2016      9/30/2016      12/31/2016      3/31/2017      6/30/2017  
     (in thousands)  

Cost of revenue—subscription

   $ 6      $ 7      $ 7      $ 14      $ 9      $ 9  

Cost of revenue—services and other

     12        12        13        26        18        20  

Research and development

     22        22        24        50        30        35  

General and administrative

     20        20        20        36        30        45  

Sales and marketing

     45        48        52        112        71        76  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation

   $ 105      $ 109      $ 116      $ 238      $ 158      $ 185  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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     Three Months Ended  
     3/31/2016     6/30/2016     9/30/2016     12/31/2016     3/31/2017     6/30/2017  
     (as % of total revenue)  

Operations as a percentage of revenue:

            

Revenue

            

Licenses

     36     37     36     50     35     34

Subscription

     40       40       41       32       42       42  

Services and other

     24       23       23       18       23       24  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

     100       100       100       100       100       100  

Cost of revenue

            

Licenses

     4       4       3       2       3       3  

Subscription

     10       11       12       8       10       10  

Services and other

     15       16       17       12       15       14  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of revenue

     29       31       32       22       28       27  

Gross profit

     71       69       68       78       72       73  

Operating expenses

            

Research and development

     20       21       20       15       20       20  

General and administrative

     10       8       7       6       9       9  

Sales and marketing

     49       49       44       38       43       47  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     79       78       71       59       72       76  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

     (8     (9     (3     19       0       (3

Other expense, net:

            

Interest expense, net

     (4     (4     (8     (7     (7     (7

Other, net

     (1     (0     (0     (0     (0     (0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense, net

     (5     (4     (8     (7     (7     (7

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (13     (13     (11     12       (7     (10

Income tax benefit (expense)

     5       5       5       (5     1       (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

     (8 )%      (8 )%      (6 )%      7     (6 )%      (11 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Quarterly Trends in Revenue

Our quarterly license revenue increased sequentially within each calendar year presented; however, we experienced a decline sequentially from the fourth quarter of each year to the first quarter of the subsequent year due to increased customer purchasing activity in each fourth quarter. We continue to experience growth in license revenue when comparing similar periods year over year as a result of our ability to attract new customers and expand our product offerings within our existing customer base.

Our quarterly subscription revenue increased in each period presented primarily due to increases in maintenance renewals as a result of our expanding licensed customer base. Sales of subscriptions to our platform also continue to grow as a result of the expanding breadth and functionality of our platform, increasing brand awareness, and the success of our sales efforts with new and existing customers. We recognize revenue from maintenance and subscription fees ratably over the term of the contract period; therefore, changes in our sales activity in a period may not be as apparent as a change to our revenue until future periods.

Our quarterly services and other revenue increased sequentially in each period presented. We have experienced increasing demand for our consulting and training services as our customer base, including both licensed and recurring, has continued to expand.

 

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Quarterly Trends in Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses have generally increased sequentially as a result of our growth and are primarily related to increases in personnel-related costs to support our expanded operations and our continued investment in our platform infrastructure and service capabilities.

Quarterly Key Business Metrics

 

     Three Months Ended  
     3/31/2016     6/30/2016     9/30/2016     12/31/2016     3/31/2017     6/30/2017  

Number of customers

     558       589       628       695       725       776  

Subscription revenue as a percentage of total revenue

     40     40     41     32     42     42

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)

   $ 1,050     $ 853     $ 1,734     $ 11,498     $ 3,152     $ 1,857  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2017, we had $20.9 million of cash and cash equivalents and $7.5 million of availability under our revolving credit facility. As of June 30, 2017, we had approximately $2.1 million of cash and cash equivalents held in our foreign subsidiaries. We do not consider the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries as permanently reinvested in foreign jurisdictions and have consistently applied Section 956 of the Internal Revenue Code to such earnings. As a result of applying Section 956 consistently to our intercompany cash flows, the majority of the earnings in our foreign subsidiaries represent income that was previously taxed in the United States. As a result, there would be no material income tax consequences to repatriating the cash currently held in our foreign subsidiaries.

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, any positive cash flows from operations and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts, the continued expansion of sales and marketing activities and the introduction of new solutions and product enhancements. To the extent existing cash and cash equivalents and borrowings under our revolving credit facility are not sufficient to fund future activities, we may seek to raise additional funds through equity, equity-linked or debt financings. If we raise additional funds through the incurrence of indebtedness, such indebtedness may have rights that are senior to holders of our equity securities and could contain covenants that restrict operations. Any additional equity financing may be dilutive to our existing stockholders. Although we are not currently a party to any agreement or letter of intent with respect to potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies, we may enter into these types of arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity financing, incur indebtedness, or use cash resources. We have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any such acquisitions. Also, as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.

Since inception, we have financed operations primarily through license fees, maintenance fees, subscription fees, consulting and training fees, borrowings under our credit facility and, to a lesser degree, the sale of equity securities. Our principal uses of cash are funding operations and capital expenditures. Over the past several years, revenue has increased significantly from year to year and, as a result, cash flows from customer collections have increased. However, operating expenses have also increased as we have invested in growing our business. Our operating cash requirements may increase in the future as we continue to invest in the strategic growth of our company.

Our Credit Facility

On August 16, 2016, we entered into a senior secured credit facility (our “credit facility”), consisting of a $115 million term loan facility and a $5 million revolving credit facility, pursuant to a credit and guaranty

 

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agreement by and among SailPoint Technologies, Inc., as the borrower, and SailPoint Technologies Intermediate Holdings, LLC and SailPoint International, Inc., as guarantors, the lenders party thereto from time to time and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent and collateral agent, which was subsequently amended and restated on November 2, 2016 to provide for a letter of credit sub-facility with an aggregate limit equal to the lesser of $5 million and the aggregate unused amount of the revolving commitments then in effect. Our credit facility was further amended on June 28, 2017 to provide for (i) an increase to the term loan facility in an additional principal amount of $50 million to partially fund a $50.4 million dividend paid to the holders of our preferred stock and (ii) an increase to the revolving credit facility in an additional principal amount of $2.5 million. Each of the term loan facility and revolving credit facility has a maturity of five years and will mature on August 16, 2021.

As of June 30, 2017, the balance outstanding under the term loan facility was $160.0 million and is included in long term debt on our consolidated balance sheet. As of June 30, 2017, we had $7.5 million available under the revolving credit facility and $0.1 million in letters of credit outstanding.

All of our obligations under our credit facility are guaranteed by our existing and future domestic subsidiaries and, subject to certain exceptions, secured by a security interest in substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets.

We intend to use $        million of our net proceeds from this offering to repay a portion of the borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility (repayment will be subject to a prepayment premium of 1.50%). See the section titled “Use of Proceeds” for additional information regarding our intended use of our net proceeds from this offering.

See the section titled “Description of Indebtedness” for additional information regarding our credit facility.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
    Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
     2015     2016     2016     2017  
     (In thousands)  

Cash provided by operating activities

   $ 3,560     $ 6,540     $ 4,500     $ 6,029  

Cash used in investing activities

     (16,308     (1,255     (710     (1,154

Cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     9,849       (1,962     (105     (2,187
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

   $ (2,899   $ 3,323     $ 3,685     $ 2,688  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, cash provided by operating activities was $6.0 million, which consisted of a net loss of $6.6 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $5.6 million and a net change of $7.0 million in our net operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges are primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $5.0 million, amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.3 million and stock-based compensation of $0.3 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily as a result of an increase in deferred revenue of $7.7 million due to the timing of billings and cash received in advance of revenue recognition primarily for subscription and support services, a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.3 million due to the timing of receipts of payments from customers, an increase in accounts payable of $0.8 million due to timing of cash disbursements, partially offset by a decrease in prepayments and other assets of $0.2 million, a decrease in income taxes payable of $0.2 million and a decrease in accrued expenses of $2.7 million due primarily to the payout of prior period commissions and bonuses.

 

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During the six months ended June 30, 2016, cash provided by operating activities was $4.5 million, which consisted of a net loss of $4.2 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $5.4 million and a net change of $3.3 million in our net operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges are primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $5.2 million, amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.1 million, and stock-based compensation of $0.2 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily as a result of an increase in deferred revenue of $4.9 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of $4.7 million due to the timing of billings and cash received in advance of revenue recognition primarily for subscription and support services and an increase in accounts payable of $0.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in accrued expenses of $2.8 million due to the payment of the prior period accrued commissions, a decrease of $0.9 million in prepayments and other assets and a $2.8 million decrease in income taxes payable.

During 2016, cash provided by operating activities was $6.5 million, which consisted of a net loss of $3.2 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $8.8 million and a net change of $0.9 million in our net operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges are primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $10.0 million, amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.7 million, and stock-based compensation of $0.6 million, partially offset by $2.5 million in deferred taxes. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily as a result of an increase in deferred revenue of $20.2 million due to the timing of billings and cash received in advance of revenue recognition primarily for subscription and support services and an increase in accrued expenses of $1.7 million related primarily to commissions on our subscription revenue, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $17.2 million due to the timing of receipts of payments from customers, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $3.6 million due to payments for various services to be rendered in subsequent periods and a decrease in accounts payable of $0.3 million due to timing of cash disbursements.

During 2015, cash provided by operating activities was $3.6 million, which consisted of a net loss of $10.8 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $6.7 million and a change of $7.7 million in our net operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges are primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $9.6 million, amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.1 million, and stock-based compensation of $0.2 million, partially offset by $3.3 million in deferred taxes. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions, was primarily a result of an increase in deferred revenue of $11.6 million due to the timing of billings and cash received in advance of revenue recognition primarily for subscription and support services and an increase in accrued expenses of $3.1 million related primarily to commissions on our subscription revenue, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $5.3 million due to the timing of receipts of payments from customers, an increase in prepayments and other assets of $1.1 million due to payments for various services to be rendered in subsequent periods, and an increase in accounts payable of $0.6 million due to timing of cash disbursements.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, cash used in investing activities was $1.2 million, consisting of $1.3 million in purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by $0.1 million in proceeds from sales of property and equipment.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, cash used in investing activities was $0.7 million, consisting of purchases of property and equipment.

During 2016, cash used in investing activities was $1.3 million, consisting of purchases of property and equipment.

During 2015, cash used in investing activities was $16.3 million, consisting of $15.2 million of cash paid for acquisitions and $1.2 million in purchases of property and equipment.

 

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, cash used in financing activities was $2.2 million, consisting of $0.4 million for the repurchase of common and preferred stock, debt issuance cost of $1.5 million, proceeds from borrowings of $50.0 million utilized for dividend payments of $50.4 million, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, cash used in financing activities was $0.1 million for repurchases of common and preferred stock held by separated employees.

During 2016, cash used in financing activities was $2.0 million, consisting of $3.1 million in debt issuance costs and $0.2 million for the repurchase of common and preferred stock, partially offset by $1.3 million in proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock.

During 2015, cash provided by financing activities was $9.8 million, consisting of net proceeds of $10.0 million from a draw down on our prior credit facility and $0.3 million in proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock, partially offset by $0.5 million for the repurchase of common and preferred stock.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements and do not have any holdings in variable interest entities, which includes special purposes entities and other structured finance entities.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our non-cancellable contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016:

 

     Payments Due by Period  
     Total      Less Than
1 Year
     1 to 3 Years      3 to 5 Years      More than
5 Years
 
     (In thousands)  

Operating lease obligations(1)

   $ 2,704      $ 2,085      $ 619      $      $  

Related party consulting agreement(2)

     2,750        1,250        1,500                

Term loan facility-principal(3)

     110,000                      110,000         

Term loan facility-interest(4)

     58,249        11,483        25,743        21,023         

Revolving credit facility(5)

                                  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 173,703      $ 14,818      $ 27,862      $ 131,023      $  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) On April 20, 2017, we entered into a new sublease arrangement for an expanded office space in Austin, Texas, commencing July 1, 2017, for approximately 56,000 square feet of rentable space. The lease agreement provides for approximately $2.2 million of future minimum lease payments and expires on June 30, 2019.

On October 2, 2017, we entered into a series of lease transactions to both extend the term of our existing lease on our corporate headquarters as well as lease new corporate headquarters. Jointly, these lease transactions provide for approximately $73.3 million in minimum future lease payments, as well as extend our total lease obligations through 2029 (or shorter or longer, depending on when the term of the new corporate headquarters lease commences). See the section titled “Business—Facilities” for more information regarding our new corporate headquarters lease. In connection with these transactions, on October 5, 2017, we also executed a standby letter of credit in the amount of $6.0 million.

 

(2) For more information regarding our consulting agreement with Thoma Bravo, see the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”
(3)

The amounts included in the table above represent principal maturities only. On June 28, 2017, our credit facility was amended to provide for an increase to the term loan facility in an additional principal amount of

 

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  $50.0 million. We intend to use a portion of our net proceeds from this offering to repay $        million of the borrowings outstanding under our term loan facility. Please see the section titled “Use of Proceeds” for more information.
(4) Amounts represent estimated future interest payments on borrowings under our term loan facility, which are floating rate instruments and were estimated using the interest rate effective at June 30, 2017 of approximately 8.0% multiplied by the principal outstanding on December 31, 2016. For additional information, refer to footnote 3 above and “Description of Indebtedness.”
(5) As of June 30, 2017, we had no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and $0.1 million of letters of credit outstanding, and $7.5 million was available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates and inflation. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

We had cash and cash equivalents of $14.9 million, $18.2 million and $20.9 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Our cash and cash equivalents are held in cash deposits and money market funds. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, we do not believe that we have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates.

At June 30, 2017, we also had in place a $7.5 million revolving credit facility, which was undrawn, and a $160.0 million term loan facility, both of which bear interest based on the adjusted LIBOR rate, as defined in the credit agreement with a 1% floor, plus an applicable margin of 7.0%. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have resulted in a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

We did not have any current investments in marketable securities as of December 31, 2015 or 2016 or June 30, 2017.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Due to our international operations, we have foreign currency risks related to operating expense denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro, British Pound and the Indian Rupee. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, and June 30, 2017, our cash and cash equivalents included $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively, held in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Decreases in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies may negatively affect our operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars. These amounts are included in other expense, net on our consolidated statements of operations.

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates because, although substantially all of our revenue is generated in U.S. dollars, our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations, which are primarily in the United States, Europe and Asia. Our results of operations and cash flows could therefore be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. We do not believe that an immediate 10% increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows, and to date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies with respect to foreign currency transactions. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates, and we may choose to engage in the hedging of foreign currency transactions in the future.

 

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Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in 2015, 2016 or thus far in 2017 because substantially all of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, which have not been subject to material currency inflation, and our operating expenses that are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars have not been subject to material currency inflation.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In finalizing our financial statements for our initial public offering, our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the U.S., related to the misapplication of GAAP related to earnings per share calculations and presentation of amortization expense related to acquisitions. We are taking steps to remedy this material weakness by establishing more robust processes supporting internal controls over financial reporting, including accounting policies and procedures, additional internal reviews of new accounting positions and our process for selecting and engaging consultants to assist management in determining and evaluating new accounting positions. We cannot assure you that the remediation measures that we have implemented and the further measures that we intend to implement will be sufficient to remediate our existing material weakness or to identify or prevent additional material weaknesses. In addition, we currently anticipate hiring additional finance and accounting personnel as we continue to build our financial reporting infrastructure and further develop and document our financial reporting procedures. We also cannot assure you that we have identified all of our existing material weaknesses or that we will not in the future have additional material weaknesses. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Our failure to achieve and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our financial position.”

JOBS Act Accounting Election

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of all of the reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards, until we are no longer an emerging growth company. Our election to use the phase-in periods permitted by this election may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the longer phase-in periods under the JOBS Act and who will comply with new or revised financial accounting standards. If we were to subsequently elect to instead comply with these public company effective dates, such election would be irrevocable pursuant to the JOBS Act.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, and expenses and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience, trends and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these judgments and estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue from the following sources: (i) fees for licenses, (ii) ongoing maintenance of our licensed products and subscription fees for access to our cloud-based offering and related support and (iii) fees

 

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for consulting with our customers on configuring and optimizing the use of our products and subscription services and training services related to the implementation and configuration of our platform.

We recognize revenue net of sales taxes and other applicable taxes, in accordance with GAAP, when all of the following criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred or service has been performed, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable.

When arrangements involve multiple elements that qualify as separate units of accounting, we allocate revenue to each deliverable based upon its relative selling price. The estimated selling price for each element is based upon the following hierarchy: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, if available; (ii) third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price, if VSOE of selling price is not available; or (iii) best estimate of selling price (“BESP”), if neither VSOE of selling price nor TPE of selling price is available.

We frequently enter into sales arrangements that contain multiple elements or deliverables. For arrangements that include both software and non-software elements, we allocate revenue to the software deliverables as a group and separable non-software deliverables as a group based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, the accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the selling price used for allocating revenue to the deliverables as follows: (i) VSOE, (ii) TPE and (iii) BESP. Cloud-based services, and professional services related to cloud-based services, are considered to be non-software elements in our arrangements.

VSOE of fair value for each element is based on our standard rates charged for the product or service when such product or service is sold separately or based upon the price established by our pricing committee when that product or service is not yet being sold separately. We establish VSOE for maintenance and professional services using a “bell-shaped curve” approach. When applying the “bell-shaped curve” approach, we analyze all maintenance renewal transactions over the past 12 months for that category of license and plot those data points on a bell-shaped curve to ensure that a high percentage of the data points are within an acceptable margin of the established VSOE rate. This analysis is performed quarterly on a rolling 12-month basis. When we are unable to establish a selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP in the allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. The determination of BESP is made through consultation with and formal approval by our management, taking into consideration the go-to-market strategy, pricing factors and analysis of historical transactions.

Revenue for software arrangements that include undelivered elements is recognized using the residual method. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements for which we have established VSOE is deferred and recognized as delivered to the customer and the remaining portion of the agreement fee is recognized as license revenue upon delivery. The determination of fair value of each undelivered element in software arrangements is based on VSOE. If VSOE has not been established for certain undelivered elements in an agreement, revenue is deferred until those elements have been delivered or their VSOE has been determined.

Revenue from maintenance and SaaS services is recognized ratably over the relevant contract period.

Services revenue includes fees from consulting and training services. Consulting and training services are judged to not be essential to the functionality of our software and SaaS offerings, are stated separately in arrangements such that the total price of the arrangements vary as a result of their inclusion or exclusion and have established VSOE. They therefore qualify for separate accounting.

Consulting and training service revenue that qualifies for separate accounting is recognized as the services are performed using the proportional performance method for fixed fee consulting contracts, or when the right to the service expires. Many of our consulting contracts are billed on a time and materials basis.

 

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In order to account for deliverables in some multiple-deliverable arrangements as separate units of accounting, delivered elements must have standalone value. For SaaS arrangements, in determining whether professional services have standalone value, we consider the following factors for each professional services agreement: availability of the services from other vendors, the nature of the professional services, the timing of when the professional services contract was signed in comparison to the subscription service start date and the contractual dependence of the subscription service on the customer’s satisfaction with the professional services. Professional services sold as part of SaaS arrangements generally qualify for separate accounting.

Customer advances and billed amounts due from customers in excess of revenue recognized are recorded as deferred revenue.

Stock-based Compensation

We recognize compensation costs related to equity awards, including stock options and incentive units, granted based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. We estimate the grant date fair value, and the resulting stock-based compensation expense, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The grant date fair value of stock-based awards is expensed on a straight-line basis over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period).

The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions. Our assumptions are as follows:

 

    Expected volatility. As we have not been a public company and do not have a trading history for our common stock prior to this offering, the expected stock price volatility for our common stock is estimated by taking the average historical price volatility for industry peers over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of our own common stock share price becomes available.

 

    Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term of the options for each option group.

 

    Expected dividend yield. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends to common stockholders and do not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we use an expected dividend yield of zero.

 

    Expected term. The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. As we do not have sufficient historical experience for determining the expected term of the stock option awards granted, we base our expected term for awards issued to employees or members of our board of directors on the simplified method, which represents the average period from vesting to the expiration of the stock option.

In addition to the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, we also estimate a forfeiture rate to calculate the stock-based compensation for our equity awards. We will continue to use judgment in evaluating the expected volatility, expected terms and forfeiture rates used for our stock-based compensation calculations on a prospective basis.

Historically, for all periods prior to this offering, the fair values of the shares of common stock underlying our stock-based awards were estimated on each grant date by our board of directors. In order to determine the fair value of our common stock underlying option grants, our board of directors considered, among other things, enterprise value of comparable public companies evaluated on a quarterly basis and the overall market and economic environment.

 

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For stock awards after the completion of this offering, our board of directors intends to determine the fair value of each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of our common stock as reported on the date of grant.

Income Taxes

We are subject to federal, state and local taxes in the United States as well as in other tax jurisdictions or countries in which we conduct business. Earnings from our non-U.S. activities are subject to local country income tax and may be subject to current federal and state income tax in the United States.

We account for uncertain tax positions based on those positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We determine if the amount of available support indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. We then measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement. We adjust reserves for our uncertain tax positions due to changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact our tax provision in our consolidated statements of operations in the period in which such determination is made.

As of December 31, 2016, we had total gross deferred tax assets of approximately $35.0 million, primarily comprised of our net operating loss carryforwards. We have a full valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards, and tax credits related primarily to research and development for our operations in the United States. We will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets by evaluating both positive and negative evidence that may exist. Any adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance would be recorded in the periods in which the adjustment is determined to be required.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of net tangible and identified net assets acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives are not be amortized, but rather tested for impairment annually, as of December 31, or more often if and when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We have determined that we operate as one reporting unit and may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is “more likely than not” that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and whether the two-step impairment test on goodwill is required. Goodwill is tested using a two-step process. The first step of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired, and thus the second step of the impairment test is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test shall be performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the goodwill impairment test, used to measure the amount of impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to the excess. The loss recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. After a goodwill impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of goodwill shall be its new accounting basis. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference. There were no impairments of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, and our reporting unit is not at risk of failing step one of the goodwill impairment test.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of our recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted, see Note 2 to each of our audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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LETTER FROM FOUNDER

Thank you for considering an investment in our company.

I have had the privilege to be a co-founder of two software companies, SailPoint and Waveset, focused on the identity management arena, working with many of the same team members across both. Through those experiences, I have learned there are two essential attributes that give a company real staying power – a great market opportunity and a phenomenal team built on solid values to go after it.

Market Opportunity

For the last several decades, as technology’s role expanded in business, and the importance of digital information became paramount in every organization, the protection of that information became critical, giving rise to the IT security industry. Over time, many different technologies and systems were devised to help organizations with the fundamental task of protecting information. At the same time, as the pace of technological innovation accelerated, it also became non-negotiable to empower the organization to rapidly adopt these innovative digital capabilities, so that businesses could remain or become competitive, non-profits could serve more effectively and efficiently, and government organizations could address the myriad needs of their citizens.

But, somewhere along the way, I believe the industry missed something very fundamental – to empower people’s use of technology, while simultaneously protecting the critical information assets those people are accessing, requires the organization to know the IDENTITY of everyone in the environment. And, sadly, many organizations cannot answer two simple questions – “Who has access to what information? Should that person have that access or not?” SailPoint was founded by people who are passionate about helping customers address their identity management challenges, something the founders have been doing for almost two decades. We firmly believe that Identity Governance, which helps organizations address these questions, is a significant opportunity. As the world of enterprise IT becomes increasingly complex with the adoption of cloud and mobile computing, and the cost of failing to properly govern and control identity becomes prohibitively expensive in lost reputation, or even lost revenue, organizations must ensure that they can grow and adapt securely and confidently. That is our opportunity.

Team & Culture

My SailPoint co-founders, Kevin Cunningham and Jackie Gilbert, as well as my co-founders in our prior company, undertook these endeavors with an incredibly strong belief in the power of a team to address any significant challenge. From our experience, we knew that the only sure way to create and grow an effective team was to balance our collective strengths and weaknesses, so that we could successfully address the many needs of a burgeoning business. As we grew, and our needs evolved, this approach guided us to find people that complement our abilities and experiences with their own significant strengths. That attitude is now pervasive throughout our company. None of us is as good as all of us together, and the power to solve the complex issues we face with our customers and partners demands that we find the very best mix of skills, experiences, and creativity in our people. Because we have consistently kept the hiring bar very high, we are blessed to have an amazing team.

While it is difficult to agree upon a single definition of company culture, almost everyone accepts the notion that the root of any company’s culture is its values. We have now held to our four core values for twenty years across these two companies. It’s my privilege to share them with you here:

Innovation – We develop creative solutions to real customer challenges. So much technology in our industry is created without a clear line of sight to how it will help customers solve a real problem. We relentlessly focus our teams on the market drivers that are created by our customers’ pain points, and push our engineering teams to come up with incredibly creative ways to address them. We are broadly recognized as a thought leader in our space.

 

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Integrity – We deliver on the commitments we make. Another common complaint in the technology industry is the tendency of companies to “over-promise and under-deliver”. We make it our point to do the opposite. By simply following through on what we say we’ll do, we engender real trust with our customers and partners, and that starts by doing the same with our team members. In a time when confidence seems to have eroded in institutions all around us, we strive to be truly “trust-worthy”.

Impact – We measure and reward results, not activity. This value stems from a frustration we all shared about the number of people in the workforce who simply don’t strive to move the needle every day. Over time, complacency and bureaucracy have crippled many companies; in other situations, it is not a lack of activity, but a lack of purposeful activity which becomes the organization’s undoing. We do our best to ensure that every one of our employees has a clear view of what they need to do to be successful in serving their customer, whether that customer is internal or external to our company.

Individuals – We value every person in our company. It’s probably apparent by now, but we have a strong belief that companies are really just collections of people, and that if you treat those people like adults and appreciate them, they will do remarkable things together. It is our belief that when you hire incredibly competent people, who also happen to be humble, they create an amazing team.

By employing these four values every day, we have built a team at SailPoint that is unmatched in our industry, as we serve a growing and loyal group of satisfied customers and partners. They rely upon us to deliver compelling solutions to their identity challenges, and trust that we will work alongside them to ensure their success to the best of our ability.

So, that’s it. We have an exciting opportunity. We’ve built what we believe is the best team to go after it. And, we operate with a deeply held set of beliefs which continue to attract more people to our community. We think it’s a winning formula.

We hope you’ll join us on the journey.

Mark McClain

CEO & Founder

 

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BUSINESS

Our Vision

Our fundamental belief is that identity is power. Our mission is to enable enterprises to grow and innovate, securely and efficiently. To do so, we have created our open identity platform that empowers users and governs their access to applications and data across complex, hybrid IT environments.

Overview

SailPoint is the leading provider of enterprise identity governance solutions. Our team of visionary industry veterans launched SailPoint to empower our customers to efficiently and securely govern the digital identities of employees, contractors, business partners and other users, and manage their constantly changing access rights to enterprise applications and data. Our open identity platform provides organizations with critical visibility into who currently has access to which resources, who should have access to those resources, and how that access is being used. We offer both on-premises software and cloud-based solutions, which provide organizations with the intelligence required to empower users and govern their access to applications and data across hybrid IT environments, whether comprised of on-premises, cloud or mobile applications. We help customers enable their businesses with more agile and innovative IT, enhance their security posture and better meet compliance and regulatory requirements. Our customers include many of the world’s largest and most complex organizations, including commercial enterprises, educational institutions and governments.

Organizations globally are investing in technologies such as cloud computing and mobility to improve employee productivity, business agility and competitiveness. Today, enterprise environments are more open and interconnected with their busine