INCOME TAXES

6 Months Ended

Jul. 01, 2023

Income Taxes [Line Items]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

Summit Inc.’s tax provision includes its proportional share of Summit Holdings’ tax attributes. Summit Holdings’ subsidiaries are primarily limited liability companies but do include certain entities organized as C corporations and a Canadian subsidiary. The tax attributes related to the limited liability companies are passed on to Summit Holdings and then to its partners, including Summit Inc. The tax attributes associated with the C corporation and Canadian subsidiaries are fully reflected in the Company’s accounts.

Our income tax expense was $22.5 million and $16.0 million in the three and six months ended July 1, 2023, respectively, and our income tax expense was $53.9 million and $49.2 million in the three and six months ended July 2, 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for Summit Inc. differs from the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to (1) tax depletion expense in excess of the expense recorded under U.S. GAAP, (2) basis differences in assets divested, (3) state taxes, (4) the minority interest in the Summit Holdings partnership that is allocated outside of the Company and (5) various other items such as limitations on meals and entertainment, certain stock compensation and other costs.

As of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Summit Inc. had a valuation allowance of $1.1 million in both periods, which relates to certain deferred tax assets in taxable entities where realization is not more likely than not.

No material interest or penalties were recognized in income tax expense during the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022.

Tax Receivable Agreement—The Company is party to a TRA with certain current and former holders of LP Units that provides for the payment by Summit Inc. to exchanging holders of LP Units of 85% of the benefits, if any, that Summit Inc. actually realizes (or, under certain circumstances such as an early termination of the TRA, is deemed to realize) as a result of increases in the tax basis of tangible and intangible assets of Summit Holdings and certain other tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA.

In the six months ended July 1, 2023, 2,000 LP Units were acquired by Summit Inc. in exchange for an equal number of newly-issued shares of Summit Inc.’s Class A common stock. As of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had recorded $327.8 million and $328.4 million of TRA liability, respectively.

Tax Distributions – The holders of Summit Holdings’ LP Units, including Summit Inc., incur U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on their share of any taxable income of Summit Holdings. The limited partnership agreement of Summit Holdings provides for pro rata cash distributions (“tax distributions”) to the holders of the LP Units in an amount generally

calculated to provide each holder of LP Units with sufficient cash to cover its tax liability in respect of the LP Units. In general, these tax distributions are computed based on Summit Holdings’ estimated taxable income allocated to Summit Inc. multiplied by an assumed tax rate equal to the highest effective marginal combined U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate in New York, New York. No tax distributions were made by Summit Holdings in the six months ended July 1, 2023.

Summit Materials, LLC

Income Taxes [Line Items]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

Summit LLC is a limited liability company and passes its tax attributes for federal and state tax purposes to its parent company and is generally not subject to federal or state income tax. However, certain subsidiary entities file federal, state and Canadian income tax returns due to their status as taxable entities in the respective jurisdiction. The effective income tax rate for the C Corporations differs from the statutory federal rate primarily due to (1) tax depletion expense in excess of the expense recorded under U.S. GAAP, (2) basis differences in assets divested, (3) state income taxes and the effect of graduated tax rates and (4) various other items, such as limitations on meals and entertainment and other costs. The effective income tax rate for the Canadian subsidiary is not significantly different from its historical effective tax rate.

No material interest or penalties were recognized in income tax expense during the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022.