UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 3, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                       

Commission file numbers:

001-36873 (Summit Materials, Inc.)

333-187556 (Summit Materials, LLC)

SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC.

SUMMIT MATERIALS, LLC

(Exact name of registrants as specified in their charters)

Delaware (Summit Materials, Inc.)	47-1984212
Delaware (Summit Materials, LLC)	26-4138486
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1550 Wynkoop Street, 3rd Floor	80202
Denver, Colorado	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrants’ telephone number, including area code: (303) 893-0012

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)	SUM	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Summit Materials, Inc.			Yes	☒	No	☐
Summit Materials, LLC			Yes	☒	No	☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Summit Materials, Inc.			Yes	☒	No	☐
Summit Materials, LLC			Yes	☒	No	☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Summit Materials, Inc.
Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer				☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company				☐
		Emerging growth company				☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.						☐
Summit Materials, LLC
Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer				☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company				☐
		Emerging growth company				☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.						☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Summit Materials, Inc.			Yes	☐	No	☒
Summit Materials, LLC			Yes	☐	No	☒

As of May 7, 2021, the number of shares of Summit Materials, Inc.’s outstanding Class A and Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share for each class, was 117,362,411 and 99, respectively.

As of May 7, 2021, 100% of Summit Materials, LLC’s outstanding limited liability company interests were held by Summit Materials Intermediate Holdings, LLC, its sole member and an indirect subsidiary of Summit Materials, Inc.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (this “report”) is a combined quarterly report being filed separately by two registrants: Summit Materials, Inc. and Summit Materials, LLC. Each registrant hereto is filing on its own behalf all of the information contained in this report that relates to such registrant. Each registrant hereto is not filing any information that does not relate to such registrant, and therefore makes no representation as to any such information. We believe that combining the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q of Summit Materials, Inc. and Summit Materials, LLC into this single report eliminates duplicative and potentially confusing disclosure and provides a more streamlined presentation since a substantial amount of the disclosure applies to both registrants.

Unless stated otherwise or the context requires otherwise, references to “Summit Inc.” mean Summit Materials, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and references to “Summit LLC” mean Summit Materials, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. The references to Summit Inc. and Summit LLC are used in cases where it is important to distinguish between them. We use the terms “we,” “our,” “us” or “the Company” to refer to Summit Inc. and Summit LLC together with their respective subsidiaries, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires.

Summit Inc. was formed on September 23, 2014 to be a holding company. As of April 3, 2021, its sole material asset was a 98.2% economic interest in Summit Materials Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Summit Holdings”). Summit Inc. has 100% of the voting rights of Summit Holdings, which is the indirect parent of Summit LLC. Summit LLC is a co-issuer of our outstanding 5 1/8% senior notes due 2025 (“2025 Notes”), our 6 1/2 % senior notes due 2027 (“2027 Notes”) and our 5 1/4% senior notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes” and collectively with the 2025 Notes and the 2027 Notes, the “Senior Notes”). Summit Inc.’s only revenue for the three months ended April 3, 2021 was that generated by Summit LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries. Summit Inc. controls all of the business and affairs of Summit Holdings and, in turn, Summit LLC.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts, and you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “intends,” “trends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects” or “anticipates” or similar expressions that concern our strategy, plans, expectations or intentions. All statements made relating to our estimated and projected earnings, margins, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and financial results are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon many detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, it is very difficult to predict the effect of known factors, and, of course, it is impossible to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the results or conditions described in such statements or our objectives and plans will be realized. Important factors could affect our results and could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements, including but not limited to the factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Summit Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2021 (the “Annual Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), any factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of this report and the following:

•our dependence on the construction industry and the strength of the local economies in which we operate;

•the cyclical nature of our business;

•risks related to weather and seasonality;

•risks associated with our capital-intensive business;

•competition within our local markets;

•our ability to execute on our acquisition strategy, successfully integrate acquisitions with our existing operations and retain key employees of acquired businesses;

•our ability to implement and successfully execute on our Elevate Summit strategy;

•our dependence on securing and permitting aggregate reserves in strategically located areas;

•the impact of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, or any similar crisis, on our business;

•declines in public infrastructure construction and delays or reductions in governmental funding, including the funding by transportation authorities and other state agencies;

•our reliance on private investment in infrastructure, which may be adversely affected by periods of economic stagnation and recession;

•environmental, health, safety and climate change laws or governmental requirements or policies concerning zoning and land use;

•costs associated with pending and future litigation;

•rising prices for commodities, labor and other production and delivery inputs as a result of inflation or otherwise;

•conditions in the credit markets;

•our ability to accurately estimate the overall risks, requirements or costs when we bid on or negotiate contracts that are ultimately awarded to us;

•material costs and losses as a result of claims that our products do not meet regulatory requirements or contractual specifications;

•cancellation of a significant number of contracts or our disqualification from bidding for new contracts;

•special hazards related to our operations that may cause personal injury or property damage not covered by insurance;

•unexpected factors affecting self-insurance claims and reserve estimates;

•our substantial current level of indebtedness, including our exposure to variable interest rate risk;

•our dependence on senior management team, and our ability to retain and attract other qualified personnel;

•supply constraints or significant price fluctuations in the electricity and petroleum-based resources that we use, including diesel and liquid asphalt;

•climate change and climate change legislation or regulations;

•unexpected operational difficulties;

•interruptions in our information technology systems and infrastructure, including cybersecurity and data leakage risks; and

•potential labor disputes, strikes, other forms of work stoppage or other union activities.

All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements.

Any forward-looking statement that we make herein speaks only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

 CERTAIN DEFINITIONS

As used in this report, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires:

•“EBITDA” refers to net income (loss) before interest expense (income), income tax expense (benefit) and depreciation, depletion and amortization;

•“Finance Corp.” refers to Summit Materials Finance Corp., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Summit LLC and the co-issuer of the Senior Notes;

•“Issuers” refers to Summit LLC and Finance Corp. as co‑issuers of the Senior Notes;  

•“LP Units” refers to the Class A limited partnership units of Summit Holdings; and

•“TRA” refers to a tax receivable agreement between Summit Inc. and certain current and former holders of LP Units and their permitted assignees.

Corporate Structure

The following chart summarizes our organizational structure, equity ownership and our principal indebtedness as of April 3, 2021. This chart is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not show all of our legal entities or all obligations of such entities.

(1)SEC registrant.

(2)The shares of Class B Common Stock are currently held by pre-IPO investors, including certain members of management or their family trusts that directly hold LP Units.  A holder of Class B Common Stock is entitled, without regard to the number of shares of Class B Common Stock held by such holder, to a number of votes that is equal to the aggregate number of LP Units held by such holder.

(3)Guarantor under the senior secured credit facilities, but not the Senior Notes.

(4)Summit LLC and Finance Corp are the issuers of the Senior Notes and Summit LLC is the borrower under our senior secured credit facilities. Finance Corp. was formed solely for the purpose of serving as co-issuer or guarantor of certain indebtedness, including the Senior Notes. Finance Corp. does not and will not have operations of any kind and does not and will not have revenue or assets other than as may be incidental to its activities as a co-issuer or guarantor of certain indebtedness.

Table of Contents

SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC.

SUMMIT MATERIALS, LLC 

FORM 10-Q 

TABLE OF CONTENTS  

		Page No.
PART I—Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements for Summit Materials, Inc.	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 3, 2021 (unaudited) and January 2, 2021	1
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020	2
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020	5
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	6
	Financial Statements for Summit Materials, LLC	20
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34
PART II — Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	36
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	36
Item 5.	Other Information	36
Item 6.	Exhibits	37
SIGNATURES		38

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets 

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
	(unaudited)		(audited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	359,741	$	418,181
Accounts receivable, net	250,058		254,696
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings	17,124		8,666
Inventories	210,934		200,308
Other current assets	20,578		11,428
Total current assets	858,435		893,279
Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization (April 3, 2021 - $1,170,071 and January 2, 2021 - $1,132,925)	1,897,117		1,850,169
Goodwill	1,201,426		1,201,291
Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization (April 3, 2021 - $12,502 and January 2, 2021 - $11,864)	71,486		47,852
Deferred tax assets, less valuation allowance (April 3, 2021 - $1,675 and January 2, 2021 - $1,675)	240,565		231,877
Operating lease right-of-use assets	28,796		28,543
Other assets	53,432		55,000
Total assets	$	4,351,257	$	4,308,011
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of debt	$	6,354	$	6,354
Current portion of acquisition-related liabilities	13,372		10,265
Accounts payable	150,243		120,813
Accrued expenses	130,338		160,570
Current operating lease liabilities	7,480		8,188
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings	13,930		16,499
Total current liabilities	321,717		322,689
Long-term debt	1,891,522		1,892,347
Acquisition-related liabilities	31,015		12,246
Tax receivable agreement liability	325,832		321,680
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	22,246		21,500
Other noncurrent liabilities	144,365		121,281
Total liabilities	2,736,697		2,691,743
Commitments and contingencies (see note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 116,644,332 and 114,390,595 shares issued and outstanding as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, respectively	1,167		1,145
Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 250,000,000 shares authorized, 99 shares issued and outstanding as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	1,289,267		1,264,681
Accumulated earnings	304,255		326,772
Accumulated other comprehensive income	6,838		5,203
Stockholders’ equity	1,601,527		1,597,801
Noncontrolling interest in Summit Holdings	13,033		18,467
Total stockholders’ equity	1,614,560		1,616,268
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	4,351,257	$	4,308,011

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) 

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Revenue:
Product	$	354,234	$	305,307
Service	44,247		37,099
Net revenue	398,481		342,406
Delivery and subcontract revenue	29,363		24,784
Total revenue	427,844		367,190
Cost of revenue (excluding items shown separately below):
Product	277,134		254,055
Service	40,197		38,524
Net cost of revenue	317,331		292,579
Delivery and subcontract cost	29,363		24,784
Total cost of revenue	346,694		317,363
General and administrative expenses	51,642		41,686
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	56,336		51,778
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	(1,769)		(1,917)
Operating loss	(25,059)		(41,720)
Interest expense	24,186		27,818
Gain on sale of business	(15,668)		—
Other (income) loss, net	(4,889)		89
Loss from operations before taxes	(28,688)		(69,627)
Income tax benefit	(5,443)		(22,901)
Net loss	(23,245)		(46,726)
Net loss attributable to Summit Holdings	(728)		(1,747)
Net loss attributable to Summit Inc.	$	(22,517)	$	(44,979)
Loss per share of Class A common stock:
Basic	$	(0.19)	$	(0.40)
Diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.40)
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock:
Basic	115,664,725		113,602,110
Diluted	115,411,204		113,602,110

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands) 

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Net loss	$	(23,245)	$	(46,726)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,126		(8,359)
Less tax effect of other comprehensive (loss) income items	(446)		2,046
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,680		(6,313)
Comprehensive loss	(21,565)		(53,039)
Less comprehensive loss attributable to Summit Holdings	(683)		(1,967)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Summit Inc.	$	(20,882)	$	(51,072)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands) 

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(23,245)	$	(46,726)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	59,107		55,278
Share-based compensation expense	5,363		4,905
Net gain on asset and business disposals	(15,964)		(1,933)
Change in deferred tax asset, net	(10,145)		(24,194)
Other	483		1,611
Decrease (increase) in operating assets, net of acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts receivable, net	4,946		19,939
Inventories	(15,412)		(26,979)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings	(8,442)		1,710
Other current assets	(9,209)		(2,519)
Other assets	2,504		5,543
(Decrease) increase in operating liabilities, net of acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts payable	14,518		(2,712)
Accrued expenses	(24,130)		(20,776)
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings	(2,578)		245
Tax receivable agreement liability	4,152		993
Other liabilities	(3,266)		(3,316)
Net cash used in operating activities	(21,318)		(38,931)
Cash flow from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(69,757)		(61,829)
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment	2,663		3,160
Proceeds from sale of business	33,077		—
Other	(483)		1,801
Net cash used in investing activities	(34,500)		(56,868)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Payments on debt	(10,170)		(5,493)
Payments on acquisition-related liabilities	(8,096)		(9,515)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	15,920		310
Other	(416)		(908)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,762)		(15,606)
Impact of foreign currency on cash	140		(800)
Net decrease in cash	(58,440)		(112,205)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period	418,181		311,319
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	$	359,741	$	199,114

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share amounts) 

	Summit Materials, Inc.
			Accumulated
			Other		Class A			Class B			Additional		Noncontrolling		Total
	Accumulated		Comprehensive		Common Stock			Common Stock			Paid-in		Interest in		Stockholders’
	Earnings		income (loss)		Shares	Dollars		Shares	Dollars		Capital		Summit Holdings		Equity
Balance - January 2, 2021	$	326,772	$	5,203	114,390,595	$	1,145	99	$	—	$	1,264,681	$	18,467	$	1,616,268
Net loss	(22,517)		—		—	—		—	—		—		(728)		(23,245)
LP Unit exchanges	—		—		711,794	7		—	—		4,744		(4,751)		—
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		1,635		—	—		—	—		—		45		1,680
Stock option exercises	—		—		863,338	9		—	—		15,911		—		15,920
Share-based compensation	—		—		—	—		—	—		5,363		—		5,363
Shares redeemed to settle taxes and other	—		—		678,605	6		—	—		(1,432)		—		(1,426)
Balance - April 3, 2021	$	304,255	$	6,838	116,644,332	$	1,167	99	$	—	$	1,289,267	$	13,033	$	1,614,560
Balance — December 28, 2019	$	188,805	$	3,448	113,309,385	$	1,134	99	$	—	$	1,234,020	$	17,366	$	1,444,773
Net loss	(44,979)		—		—	—		—	—		—		(1,747)		(46,726)
LP Unit exchanges	—		—		196,542	2		—	—		1,132		(1,134)		—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		(6,093)		—	—		—	—		—		(220)		(6,313)
Stock option exercises	—		—		13,335	—		—	—		310		—		310
Share-based compensation	—		—		—	—		—	—		4,905		—		4,905
Shares redeemed to settle taxes and other	—		—		591,335	6		—	—		(1,096)		—		(1,090)
Balance — March 28, 2020	$	143,826	$	(2,645)	114,110,597	$	1,142	99	$	—	$	1,239,271	$	14,265	$	1,395,859

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in tables in thousands, except per share amounts or otherwise noted)

1.SUMMARY OF ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Summit Materials, Inc. (“Summit Inc.” and, together with its subsidiaries, “Summit,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”) is a vertically-integrated construction materials company. The Company is engaged in the production and sale of aggregates, cement, ready-mix concrete, asphalt paving mix and concrete products and owns and operates quarries, sand and gravel pits, two cement plants, cement distribution terminals, ready-mix concrete plants, asphalt plants and landfill sites. It is also engaged in paving and related services. The Company’s three operating and reporting segments are the West, East and Cement segments.

Substantially all of the Company’s construction materials, products and services are produced, consumed and performed outdoors, primarily in the spring, summer and fall. Seasonal changes and other weather-related conditions can affect the production and sales volumes of its products and delivery of services. Therefore, the financial results for any interim period are typically not indicative of the results expected for the full year. Furthermore, the Company’s sales and earnings are sensitive to national, regional and local economic conditions, weather conditions and to cyclical changes in construction spending, among other factors.

Summit Inc. is a holding corporation operating and controlling all of the business and affairs of Summit Materials Holdings L.P. (“Summit Holdings”) and its subsidiaries and, through Summit Holdings, conducts its business. Summit Inc. owns the majority of the partnership interests of Summit Holdings (see Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity). Summit Materials, LLC (“Summit LLC”) an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Summit Holdings, conducts the majority of our operations. Summit Materials Finance Corp. (“Summit Finance”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Summit LLC, has jointly issued our Senior Notes as described below.

Basis of Presentation—These unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures typically included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as of and for the year ended January 2, 2021. The Company continues to follow the accounting policies set forth in those audited consolidated financial statements.

Management believes that these consolidated interim financial statements include all adjustments, normal and recurring in nature, that are necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of April 3, 2021, the results of operations for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020 and cash flows for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020.

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Summit Inc. and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

For a summary of the changes in Summit Inc.’s ownership of Summit Holdings, see Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity.

Use of Estimates—Preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of accounts receivable, inventories, valuation of deferred tax assets, goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets, tax receivable agreement ("TRA") liability, pension and other postretirement obligations and asset retirement obligations. Estimates also include revenue earned on contracts and costs to complete contracts. Most of the Company’s paving and related services are performed under fixed unit-price contracts with state and local governmental entities. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results can differ significantly from estimates made. Changes in estimates, including those resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment, are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements when the change in estimate occurs.

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Business and Credit Concentrations—The Company’s operations are conducted primarily across 21 U.S. states and in British Columbia, Canada, with the most significant revenue generated in Texas, Utah, Kansas and Missouri. The Company’s accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from customers within these areas. Therefore, collection of these accounts is dependent on the economic conditions in the aforementioned states, as well as specific situations affecting individual customers. Credit granted within the Company’s trade areas has been granted to many customers, and management does not believe that a significant concentration of credit exists with respect to any individual customer or group of customers. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue in the three months ended April 3, 2021 or March 28, 2020.

Revenue Recognition—We earn revenue from the sale of products, which primarily include aggregates, cement, ready-mix concrete and asphalt, but also include concrete products, and from the provision of services, which are primarily paving and related services.

Products: Revenue for product sales is recognized when evidence of an arrangement exists and when control passes, which generally is when the product is shipped. 

Services: We earn revenue from the provision of services, which are primarily paving and related services, which are typically calculated using monthly progress based on the percentage of completion or a customer’s engineer review of progress.

The majority of our construction service contracts are completed within one year, but may occasionally extend beyond this time frame. The majority of our construction service contracts are for work that occurs mostly during the spring, summer and fall. We generally measure progress toward completion on long-term paving and related services contracts based on the proportion of costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion.

The percentage of completion method of accounting involves the use of various estimating techniques to project costs at completion, and in some cases includes estimates of recoveries asserted against the customer for changes in specifications or other disputes.

Earnings per Share—The Company computes basic earnings per share attributable to stockholders by dividing income attributable to Summit Inc. by the weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution beyond shares for basic earnings per share that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised, converted into common stock, or resulted in the issuance of common stock that would have shared in the Company’s earnings. Since the Class B common stock has no economic value, those shares are not included in the weighted-average common share amount for basic or diluted earnings per share. In addition, as the shares of Class A common stock are issued by Summit Inc., the earnings and equity interests of noncontrolling interests are not included in basic earnings per share.

Prior Period Reclassifications — Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, we have reclassified $31.2 million of fixed overhead expenses related to production activities from general and administrative expenses to cost of revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2020 to conform to the current year presentation. In addition, we reclassified $1.9 million of gain on sale of property, plant and equipment from general and administrative expenses to a separate line item included within operating loss, also to conform to the current year presentation. Lastly, we reclassified $0.8 million of transaction costs from its own line item within operating loss into general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 28, 2020 to conform to the current year presentation. We believe these reclassifications enhance the comparability of our financial statements to others in the industry and had no impact on previously reported operating income or Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure described in note 14 below.

New Accounting Standards — In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which reduces the accounting complexity of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement. The ASU aligns the capitalization of implementation costs among hosting arrangements and costs incurred to develop internal-use software. We adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2020 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework Changes to The Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefits Plans, which modifies the disclosure requirements of employer-sponsored defined benefit and other postretirement benefits plans. The

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ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this ASU in the fourth quarter of 2020 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

2.ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS, GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

The Company has completed numerous acquisitions since its formation, which have been financed through a combination of debt and equity funding and available cash. The operations of each acquisition have been included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations since the respective closing dates of the acquisitions. The Company measures all assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair value. Goodwill acquired during a business combination has an indefinite life and is not amortized.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, from January 2, 2021 to April 3, 2021 are summarized as follows:

	West		East		Cement		Total
Balance—January 2, 2021	$	586,209	$	410,426	$	204,656	$	1,201,291
Acquisitions (dispositions) (1)	—		(670)		—		(670)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	805		—		—		805
Balance—April 3, 2021	$	587,014	$	409,756	$	204,656	$	1,201,426

_______________________________________________________________________

(1) Reflects goodwill from acquisitions and dispositions completed during the three months ended April 3, 2021 and working capital adjustments from prior year acquisitions.

The Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization are primarily composed of operating permits, mineral lease agreements and reserve rights. Operating permits relate to permitting and zoning rights acquired outside of a business combination. The assets related to mineral lease agreements reflect the submarket royalty rates paid under agreements, primarily for extracting aggregates. The values were determined as of the respective acquisition dates by a comparison of market-royalty rates. The reserve rights relate to aggregate reserves to which the Company has the rights of ownership, but does not own the reserves. The intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the leases or permits. The following table shows intangible assets by type and in total:

	April 3, 2021						January 2, 2021
	Gross  Carrying  Amount		Accumulated  Amortization		Net  Carrying  Amount		Gross  Carrying  Amount		Accumulated  Amortization		Net  Carrying  Amount
Operating permits	$	33,671	$	(1,553)	$	32,118	$	33,671	$	(1,207)	$	32,464
Mineral leases	19,225		(7,857)		11,368		19,225		(7,571)		11,654
Reserve rights	25,586		(2,710)		22,876		6,234		(2,504)		3,730
Other	5,506		(382)		5,124		586		(582)		4
Total intangible assets	$	83,988	$	(12,502)	$	71,486	$	59,716	$	(11,864)	$	47,852

Amortization expense totaled $1.0 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for the intangible assets for each of the five years subsequent to April 3, 2021 is as follows:

2021 (nine months)	$	3,023
2022	4,091
2023	3,904
2024	3,809
2025	3,765
2026	3,620
Thereafter	49,274
Total	$	71,486

In the first quarter of 2021, as part of the Company's strategy to rationalize assets, the Company sold a business in the East segment, resulting in cash proceeds of $33.1 million and a total gain on disposition of $15.7 million.

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3.REVENUE RECOGNITION

We derive our revenue predominantly by selling construction materials, products and providing paving and related services. Construction materials consist of aggregates and cement. Products consist of related downstream products, including ready-mix concrete, asphalt paving mix and concrete products. Paving and related service revenue is generated primarily from the asphalt paving services that we provide.

Revenue by product for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020 is as follows:

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Revenue by product*:
Aggregates	$	117,388	$	96,161
Cement	38,139		32,863
Ready-mix concrete	158,233		141,704
Asphalt	28,375		23,206
Paving and related services	43,215		33,426
Other	42,494		39,830
Total revenue	$	427,844	$	367,190

*Revenue from liquid asphalt terminals is included in asphalt revenue.

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021: 

	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
Trade accounts receivable	$	212,825	$	191,871
Construction contract receivables	24,795		47,179
Retention receivables	15,080		18,824
Receivables from related parties	1,569		1,339
Accounts receivable	254,269		259,213
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts	(4,211)		(4,517)
Accounts receivable, net	$	250,058	$	254,696

Retention receivables are amounts earned by the Company but held by customers until paving and related service contracts and projects are near completion or fully completed. Amounts are generally billed and collected within one year.

4.INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021: 

	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
Aggregate stockpiles	$	137,595	$	137,938
Finished goods	39,331		32,993
Work in process	7,186		9,281
Raw materials	26,822		20,096
Total	$	210,934	$	200,308

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5.ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021:

	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
Interest	$	14,292	$	21,860
Payroll and benefits	25,459		46,026
Finance lease obligations	21,271		24,601
Insurance	20,083		18,355
Non-income taxes	18,566		15,669
Deferred asset purchase payments	3,788		9,749
Professional fees	1,006		828
Other (1)	25,873		23,482
Total	$	130,338	$	160,570

(1)Consists primarily of current portion of asset retirement obligations and miscellaneous accruals.

6.DEBT

Debt consisted of the following as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021: 

	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
Term Loan, due 2024:
$614.7 million and $616.3 million, net of $0.8 million and $0.9 million discount at April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, respectively	$	613,894	$	615,425
51⁄8% Senior Notes, due 2025	300,000		300,000
61⁄2% Senior Notes, due 2027	300,000		300,000
51⁄4% Senior Notes, due 2029	700,000		700,000
Total	1,913,894		1,915,425
Current portion of long-term debt	6,354		6,354
Long-term debt	$	1,907,540	$	1,909,071

The contractual payments of long-term debt, including current maturities, for the five years subsequent to April 3, 2021, are as follows:

2021 (nine months)	$	4,765
2022	6,353
2023	6,354
2024	597,253
2025	300,000
2026	—
Thereafter	1,000,000
Total	1,914,725
Less: Original issue net discount	(831)
Less: Capitalized loan costs	(16,018)
Total debt	$	1,897,876

Senior Notes—On August 11, 2020, Summit LLC and Summit Finance (together, the “Issuers”) issued $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.250% senior notes due January 15, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The 2029 Notes were issued at 100.0% of their par value with proceeds of $690.4 million, net of related fees and expenses. The 2029 Notes were issued under an indenture dated August 11, 2020 (the "2020 Indenture"). The 2020 Indenture contains covenants limiting, among other things, Summit LLC and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares, pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions, make certain investments, sell or transfer certain assets, create liens, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, enter into certain

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transactions with affiliates, and designate subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The 2020 Indenture also contains customary events of default. Interest on the 2029 Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year commencing on January 15, 2021.

On March 15, 2019, the Issuers issued $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.500% senior notes due March 15, 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were issued at 100.0% of their par value with proceeds of $296.3 million, net of related fees and expenses. The 2027 Notes were issued under an indenture dated March 25, 2019, the terms of which are generally consistent with the 2020 Indenture. Interest on the 2027 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 15 and September 15 of each year commencing on September 15, 2019.

In 2017, the Issuers issued $300.0 million of 5.125% senior notes due June 1, 2025 (the “2025 Notes”). The 2025 Notes were issued at 100.0% of their par value with proceeds of $295.4 million, net of related fees and expenses. The 2025 Notes were issued under an indenture dated June 1, 2017, the terms of which are generally consistent with the 2020 Indenture. Interest on the 2025 Notes is payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year commencing on December 1, 2017.

As of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the applicable indentures.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities— Summit LLC has credit facilities that provide for term loans in an aggregate amount of $650.0 million and revolving credit commitments in an aggregate amount of $345.0 million (the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). Under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, required principal repayments of 0.25% of the refinanced aggregate amount of term debt are due on the last business day of each March, June, September and December commencing with the March 2018 payment. The unpaid principal balance is due in full on the maturity date, which is November 21, 2024.

The revolving credit facility bears interest per annum equal to, at Summit LLC’s option, either (i) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate of Bank of America, N.A. and (c) LIBOR plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of 2.00% for base rate loans or (ii) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to Reuters prior to the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs plus an applicable margin of 3.00% for LIBOR rate loans. The maturity date with respect to revolving credit commitments under the revolving credit facility is February 25, 2024.

There were no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, with borrowing capacity of $329.1 million remaining as of April 3, 2021, which is net of $15.9 million of outstanding letters of credit. The outstanding letters of credit are renewed annually and support required bonding on construction projects, large leases, workers compensation claims and the Company’s insurance liabilities.

Summit LLC’s Consolidated First Lien Net Leverage Ratio, as such term is defined in the Credit Agreement, should be no greater than 4.75:1.0 as of each quarter-end. As of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, Summit LLC was in compliance with all financial covenants.

Summit LLC’s wholly-owned domestic subsidiary companies, subject to certain exclusions and exceptions, are named as subsidiary guarantors of the Senior Notes and the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. In addition, Summit LLC has pledged substantially all of its assets as collateral, subject to certain exclusions and exceptions, for the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

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The following table presents the activity for the deferred financing fees for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020:

	Deferred financing fees
Balance—January 2, 2021	$	18,367
Amortization	(836)
Balance—April 3, 2021	$	17,531
Balance—December 28, 2019	$	15,436
Amortization	(833)
Balance—March 28, 2020	$	14,603

Other—On January 15, 2015, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary in British Columbia, Canada entered into an agreement with HSBC Bank Canada for a (i) $6.0 million Canadian dollar (“CAD”) revolving credit commitment to be used for operating activities that bears interest per annum equal to the bank’s prime rate plus 0.20%, (ii) $0.5 million CAD revolving credit commitment to be used for capital equipment that bears interest per annum at the bank’s prime rate plus 0.90% and (iii) $0.3 million CAD revolving credit commitment to provide guarantees on behalf of that subsidiary. There were no amounts outstanding under this agreement as of April 3, 2021 or January 2, 2021.

7.INCOME TAXES

Summit Inc.’s tax provision includes its proportional share of Summit Holdings’ tax attributes. Summit Holdings’ subsidiaries are primarily limited liability companies but do include certain entities organized as C corporations and a Canadian subsidiary. The tax attributes related to the limited liability companies are passed on to Summit Holdings and then to its partners, including Summit Inc. The tax attributes associated with the C corporation and Canadian subsidiaries are fully reflected in the Company’s accounts.

Our income tax benefit was $5.4 million and $22.9 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for Summit Inc. differs from the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to (1) unrecognized tax benefits in 2020, (2) state taxes, (3) tax depletion expense in excess of the expense recorded under U.S. GAAP, (4) the minority interest in the Summit Holdings partnership that is allocated outside of the Company and (5) various other items such as limitations on meals and entertainment, certain stock compensation and other costs. In the first quarter of 2020, we recorded the impact of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Stability Act ("CARES Act") enacted into law in late March 2020, which reduced our unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $9.5 million.

As of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, Summit Inc. had a valuation allowance of $1.7 million, which relates to certain deferred tax assets in taxable entities where realization is not more likely than not.

No material interest or penalties were recognized in income tax expense during the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020.

Tax Receivable Agreement—The Company is party to a TRA with certain current and former holders of LP Units that provides for the payment by Summit Inc. to exchanging holders of LP Units of 85% of the benefits, if any, that Summit Inc. actually realizes (or, under certain circumstances such as an early termination of the TRA, is deemed to realize) as a result of increases in the tax basis of tangible and intangible assets of Summit Holdings and certain other tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. 

In the three months ended April 3, 2021, 711,794 LP Units were acquired by Summit Inc. in exchange for an equal number of newly-issued shares of Summit Inc.’s Class A common stock. These exchanges resulted in net new deferred tax assets of approximately $4.9 million. As we determined that the deferred tax assets created from these exchanges are realizable and payment under the TRA is considered probable, we have recorded 85% of the increase in deferred tax assets as TRA liability and the remainder as an adjustment to additional paid in capital. As of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, we had recorded $325.8 million and $321.7 million of TRA liability, respectively.

Tax Distributions – The holders of Summit Holdings’ LP Units, including Summit Inc., incur U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on their share of any taxable income of Summit Holdings. The limited partnership agreement of Summit Holdings provides for pro rata cash distributions (“tax distributions”) to the holders of the LP Units in an amount generally

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calculated to provide each holder of LP Units with sufficient cash to cover its tax liability in respect of the LP Units. In general, these tax distributions are computed based on Summit Holdings’ estimated taxable income allocated to Summit Inc. multiplied by an assumed tax rate equal to the highest effective marginal combined U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate in New York, New York. Summit Holdings did not make any tax distributions in the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020.

8.EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average common shares outstanding and diluted net earnings is computed by dividing net earnings, adjusted for changes in the earnings allocated to Summit Inc. as a result of the assumed conversion of LP Units, by the weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution.

The following table shows the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Net loss attributable to Summit Inc.	$	(22,517)	$	(44,979)
Weighted average shares of Class A stock outstanding
Add: Nonvested restricted stock awards of retirement eligible shares	253,521		—
Add: Weighted average shares of Class A stock outstanding	115,411,204		113,602,110
Weighted average basic shares outstanding	115,664,725		113,602,110
Basic loss per share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.40)
Diluted net loss attributable to Summit Inc.	$	(22,517)	$	(44,979)
Weighted average shares of Class A stock outstanding	115,411,204		113,602,110
Add: weighted average of LP Units	—		—
Add: stock options	—		—
Add: warrants	—		—
Add: restricted stock units	—		—
Add: performance stock units	—		—
Weighted average dilutive shares outstanding	115,411,204		113,602,110
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.20)	$	(0.40)

Excluded from the above calculations were the shares noted below as they were antidilutive:

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021	March 28, 2020
Antidilutive shares:
LP Units	2,613,209	3,154,228
Time-vesting stock options	1,175,135	2,109,465
Warrants	43,166	100,037
Time-vesting restricted stock units	1,894,877	1,666,365
Market-based restricted stock units	410,357	446,670

9.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

During 2021 and 2020, certain limited partners of Summit Holdings exchanged their LP Units for shares of Class A common stock of Summit Inc. The following table summarizes the changes in our ownership of Summit Holdings:

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	Summit Inc. Shares (Class A)	LP Units	Total	Summit Inc. Ownership Percentage
Balance — January 2, 2021	114,390,595	2,873,170	117,263,765	97.5	%
Exchanges during period	711,794	(711,794)	—
Stock option exercises	863,338	—	863,338
Other equity transactions	678,605	—	678,605
Balance — April 3, 2021	116,644,332	2,161,376	118,805,708	98.2	%
Balance — December 28, 2019	113,309,385	3,249,657	116,559,042	97.2	%
Exchanges during period	196,542	(196,542)	—
Stock option exercises	13,335	—	13,335
Other equity transactions	591,335	—	591,335
Balance — March 28, 2020	114,110,597	3,053,115	117,163,712	97.4	%

Summit Inc. is Summit Holdings’ primary beneficiary and thus consolidates Summit Holdings in its consolidated financial statements with a corresponding noncontrolling interest reclassification, which was 1.8% and 2.5% as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, respectively.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) —The changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:

	Change in  retirement plans		Foreign currency  translation  adjustments		Accumulated  other  comprehensive  income (loss)
Balance — January 2, 2021	$	533	$	4,670	$	5,203
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—		1,635		1,635
Balance — April 3, 2021	$	533	$	6,305	$	6,838
Balance — December 28, 2019	$	2,171	$	1,277	$	3,448
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—		(6,093)		(6,093)
Balance — March 28, 2020	$	2,171	$	(4,816)	$	(2,645)

10.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Supplemental cash flow information is as follows:

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Cash payments:
Interest	$	29,476	$	36,310
Payments (refunds) for income taxes, net	2,312		(298)
Operating cash payments on operating leases	2,928		2,948
Operating cash payments on finance leases	655		794
Finance cash payments on finance leases	5,834		3,883
Non cash financing activities:
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	3,081	$	577
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for finance leases obligations	588		6,267
Exchange of LP Units to shares of Class A common stock	19,784		4,648

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11.LEASES

We lease construction and office equipment, distribution facilities and office space. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, including month to month leases, are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease expense for short-term leases is recognized on a straight line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements we have entered into or reassessed we combine lease and nonlease components. While we also own mineral leases for mining operations, those leases are outside the scope of Topic 842. Assets acquired under finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment.

Many of our leases include options to purchase the leased equipment. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The components of lease expense were as follows:

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	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021			March 28, 2020
Operating lease cost	$	1,727		$	2,607
Variable lease cost	72			57
Short-term lease cost	7,301			8,620
Financing lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	3,050			2,739
Interest on lease liabilities	657			771
Total lease cost	$	12,807		$	14,794
	April 3, 2021			January 2, 2021
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	28,796		$	28,543
Current operating lease liabilities	$	7,480		$	8,188
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	22,246			21,500
Total operating lease liabilities	$	29,726		$	29,688
Finance leases:
Property and equipment, gross	$	83,072		$	92,679
Less accumulated depreciation	(31,263)			(32,828)
Property and equipment, net	$	51,809		$	59,851
Current finance lease liabilities	$	21,271		$	24,601
Long-term finance lease liabilities	25,718			31,727
Total finance lease liabilities	$	46,989		$	56,328
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	9.3			8.7
Finance lease	2.5			2.4
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	5.2		%	5.3		%
Finance lease	5.2		%	5.2		%
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
2021 (nine months)	$	6,427		$	16,259
2022	6,785			18,777
2023	5,101			7,352
2024	3,167			3,207
2025	2,224			2,580
2026	1,508			988
Thereafter	12,880			1,843
Total lease payments	38,092			51,006
Less imputed interest	(8,366)			(4,017)
Present value of lease payments	$	29,726		$	46,989

12.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is party to certain legal actions arising from the ordinary course of business activities. Accruals are recorded when the outcome is probable and can be reasonably estimated. While the ultimate results of claims and litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, management expects that the ultimate resolution of all current pending or threatened claims and

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litigation will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. The Company records legal fees as incurred.

In March 2018, we were notified of an investigation by the Canadian Competition Bureau (the “CCB”) into pricing practices by certain asphalt paving contractors in British Columbia, including Winvan Paving, Ltd. (“Winvan”). We believe the investigation is focused on time periods prior to our April 2017 acquisition of Winvan and we are cooperating with the CCB. Although we currently do not believe this matter will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, we are currently not able to predict the ultimate outcome or cost of the investigation.

Environmental Remediation and Site Restoration —The Company’s operations are subject to and affected by federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, health and safety and other regulatory matters. These operations require environmental operating permits, which are subject to modification, renewal and revocation. The Company regularly monitors and reviews its operations, procedures and policies for compliance with these laws and regulations. Despite these compliance efforts, risk of environmental liability is inherent in the operation of the Company’s business, as it is with other companies engaged in similar businesses and there can be no assurance that environmental liabilities or noncompliance will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

The Company has asset retirement obligations arising from regulatory and contractual requirements to perform reclamation activities at the time certain quarries and landfills are closed. As of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, $32.0 million and $33.6 million, respectively, were included in other noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and $11.5 million and $10.0 million, respectively, were included in accrued expenses for future reclamation costs. The total undiscounted anticipated costs for site reclamation as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021 were $110.5 million and $112.8 million, respectively.

Other—The Company is obligated under various firm purchase commitments for certain raw materials and services that are in the ordinary course of business. Management does not expect any significant changes in the market value of these goods and services during the commitment period that would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. The terms of the purchase commitments generally approximate one year.

13.FAIR VALUE

Fair Value Measurements—Certain acquisitions made by the Company require the payment of contingent amounts of purchase consideration. These payments are contingent on specified operating results being achieved in periods subsequent to the acquisition and will only be made if earn-out thresholds are achieved. Contingent consideration obligations are measured at fair value each reporting period. Any adjustments to fair value are recognized in earnings in the period identified.

The fair value of contingent consideration as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021 was:

	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
Current portion of acquisition-related liabilities and Accrued expenses:
Contingent consideration	$	654	$	654
Acquisition-related liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	1,120	$	1,209

The fair value of contingent consideration was based on unobservable, or Level 3, inputs, including projected probability-weighted cash payments and a 9.5% discount rate, which reflects a market discount rate. Changes in fair value may occur as a result of a change in actual or projected cash payments, the probability weightings applied by the Company to projected payments or a change in the discount rate. Significant increases or decreases in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a lower, or higher, fair value measurement. There were no material valuation adjustments to contingent consideration as of April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020.

Financial Instruments—The Company’s financial instruments include debt and certain acquisition-related liabilities (deferred consideration and noncompete obligations). The carrying value and fair value of these financial instruments as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021 was:

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	April 3, 2021				January 2, 2021
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
Level 1
Long-term debt(1)	$	1,960,901	$	1,913,894	$	1,971,087	$	1,915,425
Level 3
Current portion of deferred consideration and noncompete obligations(2)	12,718		12,718		9,611		9,611
Long term portion of deferred consideration and noncompete obligations(3)	29,895		29,895		11,037		11,037

(1)$6.4 million was included in current portion of debt as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021.

(2)Included in current portion of acquisition-related liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Included in acquisition-related liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The fair value of debt was determined based on observable, or Level 2, inputs, such as interest rates, bond yields and quoted prices in inactive markets. The fair values of the deferred consideration and noncompete obligations were determined based on unobservable, or Level 3, inputs, including the cash payment terms in the purchase agreements and a discount rate reflecting the Company’s credit risk. The discount rate used is generally consistent with that used when the obligations were initially recorded.

Securities with a maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents and the fair value of these assets approximates their carrying value.

14.SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has three operating segments: West, East and Cement, which are its reporting segments. These segments are consistent with the Company’s management reporting structure.

The operating results of each segment are regularly reviewed and evaluated by the Chief Executive Officer, our Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM primarily evaluates the performance of the Company’s segments and allocates resources to them based on a segment profit metric that we call Adjusted EBITDA, which is computed as earnings from operations before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, accretion, and share-based compensation, as well as various other non-recurring, non-cash amounts. Beginning with the first quarter of 2021, the Company no longer adjusts for transaction costs, as those costs are recurring cash payments, and are included in general and administrative expenses.

The West and East segments have several subsidiaries that are engaged in various activities including quarry mining, aggregate production and contracting. The Cement segment is engaged in the production of Portland cement. Assets employed by each segment include assets directly identified with those operations. Corporate assets consist primarily of cash, property, plant and equipment for corporate operations and other assets not directly identifiable with a reportable business segment. The accounting policies applicable to each segment are consistent with those used in the consolidated financial statements.

The following tables display selected financial data for the Company’s reportable business segments as of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021 and for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020:

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Revenue*:
West	$	251,133	$	196,225
East	136,042		133,040
Cement	40,669		37,925
Total revenue	$	427,844	$	367,190

*Intercompany sales are immaterial and the presentation above only reflects sales to external customers.

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	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Loss from operations before taxes	$	(28,688)	$	(69,627)
Interest expense	24,186		27,818
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	55,570		51,201
Accretion	766		577
Gain on sale of business	(15,668)		—
Non-cash compensation	5,363		4,905
Other	205		787
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$	41,734	$	15,661
Total Adjusted EBITDA by Segment:
West	$	40,648	$	22,468
East	11,745		9,573
Cement	2,499		(7,561)
Corporate and other	(13,158)		(8,819)
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$	41,734	$	15,661

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
West	$	34,068	$	18,896
East	33,202		37,081
Cement	2,273		5,399
Total reportable segments	69,543		61,376
Corporate and other	214		453
Total purchases of property, plant and equipment	$	69,757	$	61,829

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion:
West	$	25,140	$	21,800
East	21,943		21,096
Cement	8,149		7,893
Total reportable segments	55,232		50,789
Corporate and other	1,104		989
Total depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	$	56,336	$	51,778

	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
Total assets:
West	$	1,593,869	$	1,503,382
East	1,300,877		1,303,742
Cement	852,697		850,835
Total reportable segments	3,747,443		3,657,959
Corporate and other	603,814		650,052
Total	$	4,351,257	$	4,308,011

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SUMMIT MATERIALS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for Summit Materials, LLC and subsidiaries are included as Exhibit 99.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to assist in understanding and assessing the trends and significant changes in our results of operations and financial condition. Historical results may not be indicative of future performance. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are based on assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. Factors that may cause differences between actual results and those contemplated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report, and factors discussed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes and other information included in this report.

Overview

Summit’s vision is to be the most socially responsible, integrated construction materials solution provider, collaborating with stakeholders to deliver differentiated innovations and solve our customers’ challenges. Within our markets, we strive to be a market leader by offering customers a single-source provider for construction materials and related downstream products through our vertical integration. Our materials include aggregates, which we supply across the United States, and in British Columbia, Canada, and cement, which we supply to surrounding states along the Mississippi River from Minnesota to Louisiana. In addition to supplying aggregates to customers, we use a portion of our materials internally to produce ready-mix concrete and asphalt paving mix, which may be sold externally or used in our paving and related services businesses. Our vertical integration creates opportunities to increase aggregates volumes, optimize margin at each stage of production and provide customers with efficiency gains, convenience and reliability, which we believe gives us a competitive advantage.

Since our inception in 2009, we have completed dozens of acquisitions, which are organized into 11 operating companies that make up our three distinct operating segments: West, East and Cement, which are also our reporting segments. We operate in 21 U.S. states and in British Columbia, Canada and currently have assets in 21 U.S. states and in British Columbia, Canada. The map below illustrates our geographic footprint.

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Business Trends and Conditions

The U.S. construction materials industry is composed of four primary sectors: aggregates; cement; ready-mix concrete; and asphalt paving mix. Each of these materials is widely used in most forms of construction activity. Participants in these sectors typically range from small, privately-held companies focused on a single material, product or market to publicly traded multinational corporations that offer a wide array of construction materials and services. Competition is constrained in part by the distance materials can be transported efficiently, resulting in predominantly local or regional operations. Due to the lack of product differentiation, competition for all of our products is predominantly based on price and, to a lesser extent, quality of products and service. As a result, the prices we charge our customers are not likely to be materially different from the prices charged by other producers in the same markets. Accordingly, our profitability is generally dependent on the level of demand for our materials and products and our ability to control operating costs.

Our revenue is derived from multiple end-use markets including public infrastructure construction and private residential and nonresidential construction. Public infrastructure includes spending by federal, state, provincial and local governments for roads, highways, bridges, airports and other infrastructure projects. Public infrastructure projects have historically been a relatively stable portion of state and federal budgets. Residential and nonresidential construction consists of new construction and repair and remodel markets. Any economic stagnation or decline, which could vary by local region and market, could affect our results of operations. Our sales and earnings are sensitive to national, regional and local economic conditions and particularly to cyclical changes in construction spending, especially in the private sector. We continue to see positive indicators for the construction sector, including positive trends in housing starts, and highway construction letting

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activity in many of the states in which we operate. However, given the ongoing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic discussed below, we continue to closely monitor these indicators for the impact on our business in subsequent quarters.

Transportation infrastructure projects, driven by both federal and state funding programs, represent a significant share of the U.S. construction materials market. Federal funds are allocated to the states, which are required to match a portion of the federal funds they receive. Federal highway spending uses funds predominantly from the Federal Highway Trust Fund, which derives its revenue from taxes on diesel fuel, gasoline and other user fees. The dependability of federal funding allows state departments of transportation to plan for their long-term highway construction and maintenance needs. Through a continuing resolution signed by the President in October 2020, funding for the existing federal transportation funding program extends through September 2021. Historically, Congress has maintained infrastructure spending via various means upon the expiration of federal transportation funding programs, but there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case. With the nation’s infrastructure aging, there is increased demand by states and municipalities for long-term federal funding to support the construction of new roads, highways and bridges in addition to the maintenance of the existing infrastructure.

In addition to federal funding, state, county and local agencies provide highway construction and maintenance funding. Our four largest states by revenue, Texas, Utah, Kansas and Missouri, represented approximately 25%, 14%, 13% and 9%, respectively, of our total revenue in 2020. The following is a summary of key funding initiatives in those states:

•In January 2021, TXDOT updated its fiscal year 2021 lettings estimate to $9.2 billion up from $7.5 billion in fiscal year 2020 and $8.9 billion in fiscal year 2019. Longer term, TXDOT has indicated a target of $8 billion per year in total state and local lettings. In addition, Texas has received $1.9 billion from legislation passed by Congress in December 2020 and March 2021.

•The state of Utah anticipates transportation funding of approximately $1.3 billion in 2021 and $1.8 billion in 2022. In addition, Utah received approximately $263 million from legislation passed by Congress in December 2020 and March 2021.

•The state of Kansas anticipates approximately $1.9 billion for 2021 and $2.2 billion for 2022 for transportation funding. In addition, Kansas received approximately $138 million from legislation passed by Congress in December 2020 and March 2021.

•The state of Missouri anticipates transportation funding of approximately $2.9 billion in 2021 and $3.1 billion in 2022. In addition, Missouri received approximately $437 million from legislation passed by Congress in December 2020 and March 2021.

Use and consumption of our products fluctuate due to seasonality. Nearly all of the products used by us, and by our customers, in the private construction and public infrastructure industries are used outdoors. Our highway operations and production and distribution facilities are also located outdoors. Therefore, seasonal changes and other weather-related conditions, in particular extended rainy and cold weather in the spring and fall, as well as major weather events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, tropical storms, heavy snows and flooding, can adversely affect our business and operations through a decline in both the use of our products and demand for our services. In addition, construction materials production and shipment levels follow activity in the construction industry, which typically occurs in the spring, summer and fall. Warmer and drier weather during the second and third quarters of our fiscal year typically result in higher activity and revenue levels during those quarters. The first quarter of our fiscal year typically has lower levels of activity due to weather conditions, and the third quarter of our fiscal year typically has the highest levels of activity.

We are subject to commodity price risk with respect to price changes in liquid asphalt and energy, including fossil fuels and electricity for aggregates, cement, ready-mix concrete and asphalt paving mix production, natural gas for hot mix asphalt production and diesel fuel for distribution vehicles and production related mobile equipment. Liquid asphalt escalator provisions in most of our private and commercial contracts limit our exposure to price fluctuations in this commodity. We often obtain similar escalators on public infrastructure contracts. In addition, we enter into various firm purchase commitments, with terms generally less than one year, for certain raw materials.

Backlog

Our products are generally delivered upon receipt of orders or requests from customers, or shortly thereafter. Accordingly, the backlog associated with product sales is converted into revenue within a relatively short period of time. Inventory for products is generally maintained in sufficient quantities to meet rapid delivery requirements of customers. Therefore, a period-over-period increase or decrease of backlog does not necessarily result in an improvement or a deterioration

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of our business. Our backlog includes only those products and projects for which we have obtained a purchase order or a signed contract with the customer and does not include products purchased and sold or services awarded and provided within the period.

Financial Highlights

The principal factors in evaluating our financial condition and operating results as of and for the three months ended April 3, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 28, 2020, and certain other highlights include:

•Net revenue increased $56.1 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, primarily resulting from organic growth.

•Our operating loss decreased $16.7 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, as revenue exceeded the increases in cost of revenue.

•In the first quarter of 2021, the Company sold a business in the East segment, resulting in cash proceeds of $33.1 million and a total gain on disposition of $15.7 million.

•In the three months ended April 3, 2021, sales volume increased 20.7% in aggregates, 13.7% in cement, 7.6% in ready-mix concrete and 15.9% in asphalt, respectively.

Results of Operations

In late 2019, the COVID-19 virus was first reported to have surfaced, and began impacting countries around the world. However, in all of our markets, construction activities were deemed essential businesses and we continued to operate while many businesses were forced to close or reduce operations. During the first quarter of each of 2020 and 2021, our operating markets remained substantially unaffected by COVID-19. We continue to monitor our operations, the operations of our customers, and the recommendations of the various national, state and local governments in the areas in which we operate. We implemented work-from-home protocols at all of our administrative locations late in the first quarter of 2020, and while some locations have returned, other locations, including our headquarters location, continue to work remotely. In addition, we implemented additional safety measures specific to COVID-19 at all of our operating locations, which did not significantly increase our costs. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the national and local economies in which we operate, and ultimately our business, will depend on numerous developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. These events, as they continue to develop, could result in business disruption, including reduced revenues, profitability and cash flow.

In 2020, approximately 61% of our revenue was derived from the private construction market, and the remaining revenue from the public markets. We believe residential activity in our key markets will continue to be a driver for volumes in future periods. Funding for public infrastructure projects as been announced as a high priority for the federal government in 2021.

As of April 3, 2021, we had $359.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, and we have remaining borrowing capacity on our senior secured revolving credit facility of $329.1 million, providing us with liquidity that we believe to be adequate to meet our obligations for the next twelve months.

The following discussion of our results of operations is focused on the key financial measures we use to evaluate the performance of our business from both a consolidated and operating segment perspective. Operating income and margins are discussed in terms of changes in volume, pricing and mix of revenue source (i.e., type of product, sales or service revenue). We focus on operating margin, which we define as operating income as a percentage of net revenue, as a key metric when assessing the performance of the business, as we believe that analyzing changes in costs in relation to changes in revenue provides more meaningful insight into the results of operations than examining costs in isolation.

Operating income (loss) reflects our profit from operations after taking into consideration cost of revenue, general and administrative expenses, depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion and gain on sale of property, plant and equipment. Cost of revenue generally increases ratably with revenue, as labor, transportation costs and subcontractor costs are recorded in cost of revenue. In periods where our revenue growth occurs primarily through acquisitions, general and administrative expenses and depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion have historically grown ratably with revenue. However, as organic volumes increase, we expect these costs as a percentage of revenue, to decrease. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue vary throughout the year due to the seasonality of our business.

Consolidated Results of Operations

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The table below sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020. 

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
($ in thousands)
Net revenue	$	398,481	$	342,406
Delivery and subcontract revenue	29,363		24,784
Total revenue	427,844		367,190
Cost of revenue (excluding items shown separately below)	346,694		317,363
General and administrative expenses	51,642		41,686
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	56,336		51,778
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	(1,769)		(1,917)
Operating loss	(25,059)		(41,720)
Interest expense	24,186		27,818
Gain on sale of business	(15,668)		—
Other (income) loss, net	(4,889)		89
Loss from operations before taxes	(28,688)		(69,627)
Income tax benefit	(5,443)		(22,901)
Net loss	$	(23,245)	$	(46,726)

Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, we have reclassified $31.2 million of fixed overhead expenses related to production activities from general and administrative expenses to cost of revenue for the three month period ended March 28, 2020 to conform to the current year presentation. In addition, we reclassified $1.9 million of gain on sale of property, plant and equipment from general and administrative expenses to a separate line item included within operating loss, also to conform to the current year presentation. Lastly, we reclassified $0.8 million of transaction costs from its own line item within operating loss into general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 28, 2020 to conform to the current year presentation. We believe these reclassifications enhance the comparability of our financial statements to others in the industry and had no impact on previously reported operating income, as well as certain non-GAAP measures defined below, such as Adjusted EBITDA, or Adjusted EBITDA Margin, however Adjusted Cash Gross Profit and Adjusted Cash Gross Profit Margin were reduced.

Three months ended April 3, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 28, 2020

	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021			March 28, 2020			Variance
Net revenue	$	398,481		$	342,406		$	56,075	16.4	%
Operating loss	(25,059)			(41,720)			16,661		39.9	%
Operating margin percentage	(6.3)		%	(12.2)		%
Adjusted EBITDA (1)	$	41,734		$	15,661		$	26,073	166.5	%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (1)	10.5		%	4.6		%

(1)Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP measures that we find helpful in monitoring the performance of our business. See "Non-GAAP Performance Measures" below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Net revenue increased $56.1 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, primarily resulting from organic growth in our aggregates and ready-mix concrete operations. Of the increase in net revenue, $26.5 million was from increased sales of materials, $22.4 million was from increased sales of products and $7.1 million from increased service revenue. We generated organic volume growth of 7.1%, 13.7%, 7.6% and 15.9% in aggregates, cement, ready-mix concrete and asphalt, respectively. We had organic price growth in our cement, ready-mix and asphalt lines of business of 0.4%, 3.7% and 5.5%, respectively, while aggregate organic price growth remained flat, during the first three months of 2021.

Operating loss decreased by $16.7 million in the first three months of 2021 as compared to the first three months of 2020, primarily as net revenue gains exceeded increases in costs of revenue and general and administrative expenses. Our

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general and administrative expenses increased $10.0 million in the first quarter of 2021 as compared to the same period a year ago due to $3.4 million in severance related costs, an increase in consulting fees as we seek to optimize organizational efficiencies and increases in other professional fees. In addition, depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion expense increased by $4.6 million over the prior year amount.

Our operating margin percentage for the three months ended April 3, 2021 increased from (12.2)% to (6.3)%, from the comparable period a year ago, due to the factors noted above. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, as defined in "Non-GAAP Performance Measures" below, increased by $26.1 million and increased to 10.5% from 4.6% in the three months ended April 3, 2021, respectively, due to the factors noted above.

As a vertically-integrated company, we include intercompany sales from materials to products and from products to services when assessing the operating results of our business. We refer to revenue inclusive of intercompany sales as gross revenue. These intercompany transactions are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. Gross revenue by product was as follows: 

	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020		Variance
Revenue by product*:
Aggregates	$	143,794	$	121,473	$	22,321	18.4	%
Cement	39,703		34,758		4,945		14.2	%
Ready-mix concrete	158,336		141,809		16,527		11.7	%
Asphalt	31,225		25,946		5,279		20.3	%
Paving and related services	61,808		46,074		15,734		34.1	%
Other	(7,022)		(2,870)		(4,152)		(144.7)	%
Total revenue	$	427,844	$	367,190	$	60,654	16.5	%

*Revenue by product includes intercompany and intracompany sales transferred at market value. The elimination of intracompany transactions is included in Other. Revenue from the liquid asphalt terminals is included in asphalt revenue.

Detail of our volumes and average selling prices by product in the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020 were as follows:   

	Three months ended
	April 3, 2021			March 28, 2020
	Volume(1)			Volume(1)			Percentage Change in
	(in thousands)	Pricing(2)		(in thousands)	Pricing(2)		Volume		Pricing
Aggregates	13,509	$	10.64	11,193	$	10.85	20.7	%	(1.9)	%
Cement	340	116.69		299	116.21		13.7	%	0.4	%
Ready-mix concrete	1,338	118.31		1,244	114.04		7.6	%	3.7	%
Asphalt	474	60.01		409	56.86		15.9	%	5.5	%

(1)Volumes are shown in tons for aggregates, cement and asphalt and in cubic yards for ready-mix concrete.

(2)Pricing is shown on a per ton basis for aggregates, cement and asphalt and on a per cubic yard basis for ready-mix concrete.

Revenue from aggregates increased $22.3 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. In the first quarter of 2021, we had solid increases in aggregate volumes in most of our markets, except for slight decreases in Kansas and Missouri as wind farm and flood repair volumes in the first quarter of 2020 did not repeat in 2021. In the three month period ended April 3, 2021, our aggregate volumes increased due to both acquisition and organic volumes. Aggregate volumes growth was attributable to organic growth in both the West and East segments. Organic aggregate volumes increased 7.1% in the first three months of 2021 as compared to the same period a year ago, primarily due to increases in the Intermountain West, Virginia and British Columbia markets. Aggregate average sales prices of $10.64 per ton decreased 1.9% in the first three months of 2021 as compared to the first three months of 2020, primarily due to lower priced products in Kansas and North Texas markets.  

Revenue from cement increased $4.9 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. In the three months ended April 3, 2021, organic cement volumes increased 13.7%, and organic cement average sales prices increased 0.4%, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

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Revenue from ready-mix concrete increased $16.5 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. In the three months ended April 3, 2021, our ready-mix volumes increased 7.6%, and our average sales prices 3.7%. The volume increase occurred primarily in our Intermountain West and North Texas markets while our price increase was primarily in the Intermountain West market.

Revenue from asphalt increased $5.3 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. In the first three months of 2021, organic pricing increased 5.5%, with strong pricing gains in our Texas geographies. Further, in the first three months of 2020, we had strong volume increases in North Texas.

Other Financial Information

Gain on Sale of business

In the first quarter of 2021, as part of the Company's strategy to rationalize assets, the Company sold a business in the East segment, resulting in cash proceeds of $33.1 million and a net gain on disposition of $15.7 million.

Income Tax Expense

Our income tax benefit was $5.4 million and $22.9 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for Summit Inc. differs from the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to (1) unrecognized tax benefits in 2020, (2) state taxes, (3) tax depletion expense in excess of the expense recorded under U.S. GAAP, (4) the minority interest in the Summit Holdings partnership that is allocated outside of the Company and (5) various other items such as limitations on meals and entertainment, certain stock compensation and other costs. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2020, we recorded the impact of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Stability Act ("CARES Act") enacted into law in late March 2020, which reduced our unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $9.5 million.

The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible, as well as consideration of tax-planning strategies we may seek to utilize net operating loss carryforwards that begin to expire in 2030.

As of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, Summit Inc. had a valuation allowance of $1.7 million, which relates to certain deferred tax assets in taxable entities where realization is not more likely than not.

Segment results of operations

West Segment

	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021			March 28, 2020			Variance
Net revenue	$	234,744		$	184,492		$	50,252	27.2	%
Operating income	15,057			354			14,703		4,153.4	%
Operating margin percentage	6.4		%	0.2		%
Adjusted EBITDA (1)	$	40,648		$	22,468		$	18,180	80.9	%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (1)	17.3		%	12.2		%

(1)Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP measures that we find helpful in monitoring the performance of our business. See "Non-GAAP Performance Measures" below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Net revenue in the West segment increased $50.3 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, as we had increases in net revenue in all lines of business. Organic aggregate volumes increased 13.1% in the first three months of 2021 as compared to the first three months of 2020 and organic aggregates average sales prices increased 1.1%, primarily due to product mix. Organic ready-mix concrete volumes increased 14.1% and our organic ready-mix concrete average sales prices increased 4.7%. Residential construction activity remains strong, particularly in the Houston and Salt Lake City areas, two of our largest metro areas where we operate. In general, weather conditions in the first quarter of 2021 were better than those in first quarter of 2020, except for extremely cold weather in the middle of February in Texas.

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The West segment’s operating income increased $14.7 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased $18.2 million and increased to 17.3% from 12.2% in the three months ended April 3, 2021, respectively. The increases in operating income, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin occurred as the weather conditions in 2021 have in general been more favorable as compared to 2020, which has resulted in operational efficiencies and increased sales volumes. The operating margin percentage in the West segment increased in the three months ended April 3, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 28, 2020, due to the impact of the same factors noted above.

Gross revenue by product/ service was as follows:  

	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020		Variance
Revenue by product*:
Aggregates	$	72,138	$	51,601	$	20,537	39.8	%
Ready-mix concrete	126,986		106,227		20,759		19.5	%
Asphalt	27,688		23,430		4,258		18.2	%
Paving and related services	46,889		33,267		13,622		40.9	%
Other	(22,568)		(18,300)		(4,268)		(23.3)	%
Total revenue	$	251,133	$	196,225	$	54,908	28.0	%

*Revenue by product includes intercompany and intracompany sales transferred at market value. The elimination of intracompany transactions is included in “Other.” Revenue from the liquid asphalt terminals is included in asphalt revenue.

The West segment’s percent changes in sales volumes and pricing in the three months ended April 3, 2021 from the three months ended March 28, 2020 were as follows:  

	Three months ended
	Percentage Change in
	Volume		Pricing
Aggregates	41.1	%	(0.9)	%
Ready-mix concrete	14.1	%	4.7	%
Asphalt	11.7	%	8.0	%

Revenue from aggregates in the West segment increased $20.5 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, due to an increase in sales volumes which more than offset a slight decrease in average sales price. In the three months ended April 3, 2021, the 41.1% increase in aggregates volumes occurred in all of our markets which had organic growth coupled with increased acquisition volumes. Aggregates pricing for the three months ended April 3, 2021 decreased 0.9%, when compared to the same period in 2020 due to product mix primarily in our North Texas markets, as well as the impact of lower prices on acquisition related volumes.

Revenue from ready-mix concrete in the West segment increased $20.8 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. For the three months ended April 3, 2021, our ready-mix concrete organic volumes increased 14.1%, as volume increases in the Intermountain geographies in the three months ended April 3, 2021 were offset by a slight volume decrease in the Houston area due to extremely cold weather in February. For the three months ended April 3, 2021, organic ready-mix concrete prices increased 4.7%. We continue to see strong residential volumes in the Houston and Intermountain West areas.

Revenue from asphalt in the West segment increased $4.3 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. For the three months ended April 3, 2021, asphalt volumes increased 11.7%. Average sales prices for asphalt increased 8.0% in the three months ended April 3, 2021. Revenue for paving and related services in the West segment increased by $13.6 million, in the three months ended April 3, 2021, due to higher organic volumes in our North Texas markets.

Prior to eliminations of intercompany transactions, the net effect of volume and pricing changes on gross revenue in the three months ended April 3, 2021 was approximately $39.2 million and $6.3 million, respectively.

East Segment

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	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021			March 28, 2020			Variance
Net revenue	$	123,068		$	119,989		$	3,079	2.6	%
Operating loss	(10,374)			(11,764)			1,390		11.8	%
Operating margin percentage	(8.4)		%	(9.8)		%
Adjusted EBITDA (1)	$	11,745		$	9,573		$	2,172	22.7	%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (1)	9.5		%	8.0		%

(1)Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP measures that we find helpful in monitoring the performance of our business. See "Non-GAAP Performance Measures" below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Net revenue in the East segment increased $3.1 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, as compared to the same period a year ago, as the increases in aggregates, asphalt and paving and related services exceeded a decrease in ready-mix concrete revenues. Operating loss decreased $1.4 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, over the same period a year ago, primarily due to net revenue gains in excess of increases in our cost of revenue. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased $2.2 million and increased to 9.5% from 8.0% in the three months ended April 3, 2021, respectively, due to the items relating to operating income noted above.

Operating margin percentage for the three months ended April 3, 2021 increased to (8.4)% from (9.8)%, from the comparable period a year ago, due to the items noted above.

Gross revenue by product/ service was as follows:  

	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020		Variance
Revenue by product*:
Aggregates	$	71,656	$	69,872	$	1,784	2.6	%
Ready-mix concrete	31,350		35,582		(4,232)		(11.9)	%
Asphalt	3,537		2,516		1,021		40.6	%
Paving and related services	14,919		12,807		2,112		16.5	%
Other	14,580		12,263		2,317		18.9	%
Total revenue	$	136,042	$	133,040	$	3,002	2.3	%

*Revenue by product includes intercompany and intracompany sales transferred at market value. The elimination of intracompany transactions is included in Other. Revenue from the liquid asphalt terminals is included in asphalt revenue.

The East segment’s percent changes in sales volumes and pricing in the three months ended April 3, 2021 from the three months ended March 28, 2020 were as follows:   

	Three months ended
	Percentage Change in
	Volume		Pricing
Aggregates	2.7	%	(0.2)	%
Ready-mix concrete	(12.4)	%	0.5	%
Asphalt	55.0	%	(11.5)	%

Revenue from aggregates in the East segment increased $1.8 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021. In the three month period ended April 3, 2021, aggregate volumes exceeded prior year volumes while our average sales price decreased slightly due to product mix. Aggregate volumes in the first three months of 2021 increased 2.7%, primarily due to organic growth in Virginia and Kentucky, which offset organic declines in our Kansas markets as wind farm projects decreased. Aggregates organic pricing was essentially flat in the three months ended April 3, 2021 as compared to the same period a year ago.

Revenue from ready-mix concrete in the East segment decreased $4.2 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020, as our realized price increases of 0.5% were not enough to overcome volume

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decreases. In the three months ended April 3, 2021, ready-mix concrete volumes decreased 12.4%, compared to prior year levels primarily due to lower volumes in Kansas as wind farm projects in 2020 were not fully replaced in 2021.

Revenue from asphalt increased $1.0 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, when compared to the same period in 2020. The increase was mainly attributable to higher volumes in Kansas and Virginia. Asphalt pricing decreased 11.5% in the three months ended April 3, 2021, as lower liquid asphalt index prices were incurred in most of our markets. Paving and related service revenue increased $2.1 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, primarily due to increased activity in our Virginia markets.

Prior to eliminations of intercompany transactions, the net effect of volume and pricing changes on gross revenue in the three months ended April 3, 2021 was approximately $(1.2) million and $(0.2) million, respectively.

Cement Segment

	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021			March 28, 2020			Variance
Net revenue	$	40,669		$	37,925		$	2,744	7.2	%
Operating loss	(10,046)			(15,490)			5,444		35.1	%
Operating margin percentage	(24.7)		%	(40.8)		%
Adjusted EBITDA (1)	$	2,499		$	(7,561)		$	10,060	133.1	%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (1)	6.1		%	(19.9)		%

(1)Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP measures that we find helpful in monitoring the performance of our business. See "Non-GAAP Performance Measures" below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Net revenue in the Cement segment increased $2.7 million primarily due to increased organic cement volumes of 13.7% in the three months ended April 3, 2021, as well as a 0.4% increase in average sales prices. Our Green America Recycling facility, which provides fuel for one of our plants, is not yet fully operational and as such, revenue from that facility is below 2020 levels for the three month period ended April 3, 2021. Our efforts continue to ramp up to resumption of full operations.

Operating loss decreased $5.4 million during the three months ended April 3, 2021. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased $10.1 million and increased to 6.1% from (19.9)% in the three months ended April 3, 2021, respectively. In the first quarter of 2021, we received $1.2 million in insurance proceeds relative to property, plant and equipment that was destroyed in the recycling plant explosion that occurred in April 2020, which was recorded as gain on sale of assets. In addition, we received $4.3 million in business interruption insurance proceeds in the first quarter of 2021, which was recorded as other income.

Operating margin percentage for the three months ended April 3, 2021 increased to (24.7)% from (40.8)%, from the comparable period a year ago. The increased operating margin for the three months ended April 3, 2021 was primarily due to the same factors noted above. Production levels in the first three months of 2021 were 6.5% higher than in 2020.

Gross revenue by product was as follows:  

	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020		Variance
Revenue by product*:
Cement	$	39,703	$	34,758	$	4,945	14.2	%
Other	966		3,167		(2,201)		(69.5)	%
Total revenue	$	40,669	$	37,925	$	2,744	7.2	%

*Revenue by product includes intercompany and intracompany sales transferred at market value. Revenue from waste processing and the elimination of intracompany transactions is included in Other.

The Cement segment’s percent changes in sales volumes and pricing in the three months ended April 3, 2021 from the three months ended March 28, 2020 were as follows:

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	Three months ended
	Percentage Change in
	Volume		Pricing
Cement	13.7	%	0.4	%

Revenue from cement increased $4.9 million in the three months ended April 3, 2021, as volumes increased 13.7% supplemented by a small organic cement pricing gains in the three months ended April 3, 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity include cash on-hand, cash provided by operations, amounts available for borrowing under our senior secured credit facilities and capital-raising activities in the debt and capital markets. In addition to our current sources of liquidity, we have access to liquidity through public offerings of shares of our Class A common stock. To facilitate such offerings, in January 2020, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC that is effective for a term of three years and will expire in January 2023. The amount of Class A common stock to be issued pursuant to this shelf registration statement was not specified when it was filed and there is no specific limit on the amount we may issue. The specifics of any future offerings, along with the use of the proceeds thereof, will be described in detail in a prospectus supplement, or other offering materials, at the time of any offering.

As of April 3, 2021, we had $359.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and $536.7 million of working capital compared to $418.2 million and $570.6 million, respectively, at January 2, 2021. Working capital is calculated as current assets less current liabilities. There were no restricted cash balances as of April 3, 2021 or January 2, 2021. We had no outstanding borrowings on our senior secured revolving credit facility, which had borrowing capacity of $329.1 million as of April 3, 2021, which is net of $15.9 million of outstanding letters of credit and is fully available to us within the terms and covenant requirements of our credit agreement governing the senior secured credit facilities (the “Credit Agreement”).  

Given the seasonality of our business, we typically experience significant fluctuations in working capital needs and balances throughout the year. Our working capital requirements generally increase during the first half of the year as we build up inventory and focus on repair and maintenance and other set-up costs for the upcoming season. Working capital levels then decrease as the construction season winds down and we enter the winter months, which is when we see significant inflows of cash from the collection of receivables.

As of April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, our long-term borrowings totaled $1.9 billion for which we incurred $21.2 million of interest expense for the three months ended April 3, 2021, and $24.5 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020. We expect that normal operating cash flow will be sufficient to fund our seasonal working capital needs. We had no outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility as of April 3, 2021.

We believe we have access to sufficient financial resources from our liquidity sources to fund our business and operations, including contractual obligations, capital expenditures and debt service obligations, for at least the next twelve months. Our growth strategy contemplates future acquisitions for which we believe we have sufficient access to capital. We also plan to divest of certain dilutive businesses as we rationalize our portfolio, which will also generate additional capital.

We and our affiliates may from time to time purchase our outstanding debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Purchases or retirement of debt, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.

Indebtedness

Please refer to the notes to the consolidated interim financial statements for detailed information about our long-term debt, scheduled maturities of long-term debt and affirmative and negative covenants, including the maximum allowable consolidated first lien net leverage ratio. As of April 3, 2021, we were in compliance with all debt covenants. At April 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021, $1.9 billion of total debt was outstanding under our respective debt agreements.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our net cash used in or provided by operating, investing and financing activities and our capital expenditures in the three months ended April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020: 

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	Summit Inc.
($ in thousands)	April 3, 2021		March 28, 2020
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(21,318)	$	(38,931)
Investing activities	(34,500)		(56,868)
Financing activities	(2,762)		(15,606)

Operating activities

During the three months ended April 3, 2021, cash used in operating activities was $21.3 million primarily as a result of:

•Net loss of $23.2 million, increased by non-cash expenses, including $59.1 million of depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion expense and $5.4 million of share-based compensation, reduced by the gain on sale of a business and other assets of $16.0 million.

•Billed and unbilled accounts receivable increased by $3.5 million in the first three months of 2021 as a result of the seasonality of our business. The majority of our sales occur in the spring, summer and fall and we typically incur an increase in accounts receivable (net billed and unbilled) during the second and third quarters of each year. This amount is typically converted to cash in the fourth and first quarters.  Our inventory levels also increased during the first quarter as we prepared for the increase in activity over the warmer months.

•The timing of payments associated with accounts payable and accrued expenses of cash, which is consistent with the seasonality of our business whereby we build-up inventory levels and incur repairs and maintenance costs to ready the business for increased sales volumes in the summer and fall. These costs are typically incurred in the first half of the year and paid by year-end. In addition, we made $29.5 million of interest payments in the three months ended April 3, 2021.

During the three months ended March 28, 2020, cash used in operating activities was $38.9 million primarily as a result of:

•Net loss of $46.7 million, increased by non-cash expenses, including $55.3 million of depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion expense and $4.9 million of share-based compensation, less the non-cash change in our deferred tax asset.

•Billed and unbilled accounts receivable decreased by $21.6 million in the first three months of 2020 as a result of the seasonality of our business. The majority of our sales occur in the spring, summer and fall and we typically incur an increase in accounts receivable (net billed and unbilled) during the second and third quarters of each year. This amount is typically converted to cash in the fourth and first quarters. Our inventory levels also increased during the first quarter as we prepared for the increase in activity over the warmer months.

•The timing of payments associated with accounts payable and accrued expenses of cash, which is consistent with the seasonality of our business whereby we build-up inventory levels and incur repairs and maintenance costs to ready the business for increased sales volumes in the summer and fall. These costs are typically incurred in the first half of the year and paid by year-end. In addition, we made $36.3 million of interest payments in the three months ended March 28, 2020.

Investing activities

During the three months ended April 3, 2021, cash used for investing activities was $34.5 million, of which $69.8 million was invested in capital expenditures, which was partially offset by $2.7 million of proceeds from asset sales. Additionally, in February 2021 we received $33.1 million of proceeds from the sale of a business in the East segment.

During the three months ended March 28, 2020, cash used for investing activities was $56.9 million, of which $61.8 million was invested in capital expenditures, which was partially offset by $3.2 million of proceeds from asset sales.

Financing activities

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During the three months ended April 3, 2021, cash used in financing activities was $2.8 million. We received $15.9 million of proceeds from stock option exercises, which was offset by $8.1 million payments on acquisition-related liabilities and $10.2 million of payments on debt.

During the three months ended March 28, 2020, cash used in financing activities was $15.6 million. We made payments on acquisition-related liabilities of $9.5 million and payments on debt of $5.5 million.

Cash paid for capital expenditures

We paid cash of approximately $69.8 million in capital expenditures in the three months ended April 3, 2021 compared to $61.8 million in the three months ended March 28, 2020.

We currently estimate that we will invest between $200 million to $220 million including approximately $25 million to $35 million for greenfield projects. We increased our capital expenditure estimate from previously disclosed amounts as we invested in reserves subsequent to quarter end, as well as incremental capital purchases to service demand in high growth markets. The timing of our greenfield expenditures is dependent upon the timing of when permits may be issued. We expect to fund our capital expenditure program through cash on hand, cash from operations, outside financing arrangements and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

Tax Receivable Agreement

When the Company purchases LP Units for cash or LP Units are exchanged for shares of Class A common stock, this results in increases in the Company’s share of the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Summit Holdings. These increases in tax basis may increase, for tax purposes, depreciation and amortization deductions and therefore reduce the amount of tax that Summit Inc. would otherwise be required to pay in the future. In connection with our initial public offering, we entered into a TRA with the holders of the LP Units that provides for the payment by Summit Inc. to exchanging holders of LP Units of 85% of the benefits, if any, that Summit Inc. actually realizes (or, under certain circumstances such as an early termination of the TRA is deemed to realize) as a result of these increases in tax basis and certain other tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. The increases in tax basis as a result of an exchange of LP Units for shares of Class A common stock, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, are difficult to accurately estimate, as they will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of the exchanges, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which the exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of our income and the effective tax rate.

We anticipate funding payments under the TRA from cash flows from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facilities. As of April 3, 2021, we had accrued $325.8 million as TRA liability in our consolidated financial statements. We do not expect significant payments on our TRA liability to occur within the next twelve months.

Based upon a $27.81 per share price of our Class A common stock, the closing price of our stock on the last trading day of the three months ended April 3, 2021, and a contractually defined discount rate of 1.28%, we estimate that if Summit Inc. were to exercise its right to terminate the TRA, the aggregate amount required to settle the TRA would be approximately $316.9 million. Estimating the amount and the timing of payments that may be made under the TRA is by its nature difficult and imprecise, insofar as the amounts payable depends on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the timing of future exchanges, our stock price at the date of the exchange and the timing of the generation of future taxable income. The increases in tax basis as a result of an exchange, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, will vary depending on a variety of factors.

Commitments and contingencies

We are party to certain legal actions arising from the ordinary course of business activities. Accruals are recorded when the outcome is probable and can be reasonably estimated. While the ultimate results of claims and litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, management expects that the ultimate resolution of all pending or threatened claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We record legal fees as incurred.

Environmental Remediation—Our operations are subject to and affected by federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, health and safety and other regulatory matters. These operations require environmental operating permits, which are subject to modification, renewal and revocation. We regularly monitor and review

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its operations, procedures and policies for compliance with these laws and regulations. Despite these compliance efforts, risk of environmental liability is inherent in the operation of our business, as it is with other companies engaged in similar businesses and there can be no assurance that environmental liabilities and noncompliance will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Other—We are obligated under various firm purchase commitments for certain raw materials and services that are in the ordinary course of business. Management does not expect any significant changes in the market value of these goods and services during the commitment period that would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company. The terms of the purchase commitments generally approximate one year.

Off-Balance sheet arrangements

As of April 3, 2021, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements.

Non-GAAP Performance Measures

We evaluate our operating performance using metrics that we refer to as “Adjusted EBITDA,” “Adjusted EBITDA Margin,” “Adjusted Cash Gross Profit” and “Adjusted Cash Gross Profit Margin” which are not defined by U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by U.S. GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA, adjusted to exclude accretion, loss on debt financings, gain on sale of business, non-cash compensation and certain other non-cash and non-operating items. Beginning with the first quarter of 2021, the Company no longer adjusts for transaction costs, as those costs are recurring cash payments and included in general and administrative expenses. We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net revenue. We define Adjusted Cash Gross Profit as operating income before general and administrative expenses, depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion and Adjusted Cash Gross Profit Margin as Adjusted Cash Gross Profit as a percentage of net revenue.

We present Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Cash Gross Profit and Adjusted Cash Gross Profit Margin for the convenience of investment professionals who use such metrics in their analyses. The investment community often uses these metrics to assess the operating performance of a company’s business and to provide a consistent comparison of performance from period to period. We use these metrics, among others, to assess the operating performance of our individual segments and the consolidated company.

Non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized; therefore, it may not be possible to compare such financial measures with other companies’ non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names. We strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and not rely on any single financial measure.

The tables below reconcile our net income (loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, present Adjusted EBITDA by segment and reconcile operating income to Adjusted Cash Gross Profit for the periods indicated:

Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA	Three months ended April 3, 2021
by Segment	West		East		Cement		Corporate		Consolidated
($ in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	17,436	$	6,969	$	(1,605)	$	(46,045)	$	(23,245)
Interest (income) expense	(2,032)		(1,720)		(4,045)		31,983		24,186
Income tax expense (benefit)	186		(66)		—		(5,563)		(5,443)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	24,924		21,474		8,068		1,104		55,570
EBITDA	$	40,514	$	26,657	$	2,418	$	(18,521)	$	51,068
Accretion	216		469		81		—		766
Gain on sale of business	—		(15,668)		—		—		(15,668)
Non-cash compensation	—		—		—		5,363		5,363
Other	(82)		287		—		—		205
Adjusted EBITDA	$	40,648	$	11,745	$	2,499	$	(13,158)	$	41,734

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Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA	Three months ended March 28, 2020
by Segment	West		East		Cement		Corporate		Consolidated
($ in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	498	$	(11,067)	$	(12,278)	$	(23,879)	$	(46,726)
Interest (income) expense	(578)		(569)		(3,176)		32,141		27,818
Income tax benefit	(467)		(129)		—		(22,305)		(22,901)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	21,684		20,720		7,808		989		51,201
EBITDA	$	21,137	$	8,955	$	(7,646)	$	(13,054)	$	9,392
Accretion	116		376		85		—		577
Non-cash compensation	—		—		—		4,905		4,905
Other	1,215		242		—		(670)		787
Adjusted EBITDA	$	22,468	$	9,573	$	(7,561)	$	(8,819)	$	15,661

Reconciliation of Working Capital	April 3, 2021		January 2, 2021
($ in thousands)
Total current assets	$	858,435	$	893,279
Less total current liabilities	(321,717)		(322,689)
Working capital	$	536,718	$	570,590

	Three months ended
Reconciliation of Operating Loss to Adjusted Cash Gross Profit	April 3, 2021			March 28, 2020
($ in thousands)
Operating loss	$	(25,059)		$	(41,720)
General and administrative expenses	51,642			41,686
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	56,336			51,778
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	(1,769)			(1,917)
Adjusted Cash Gross Profit (exclusive of items shown separately)	$	81,150		$	49,827
Adjusted Cash Gross Profit Margin (exclusive of items shown separately) (1)	20.4		%	14.6		%

(1)Adjusted Cash Gross Profit Margin, which we define as Adjusted Cash Gross Profit as a percentage of net revenue.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to certain market risks arising from transactions that are entered into in the normal course of business. Our operations are highly dependent upon the interest rate-sensitive construction industry as well as the general economic environment. Consequently, these marketplaces could experience lower levels of economic activity in an environment of rising interest rates or escalating costs. For a discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, please refer to the Annual Report from which our exposure to market risk has not materially changed.

ITEM  4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Summit Inc.

Summit Inc. maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Summit Inc.’s reports under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Summit Inc.’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Summit Inc.’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of Summit Inc.’s disclosure controls and procedures as of April 3, 2021. Based upon that evaluation, Summit Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and

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Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of April 3, 2021, Summit Inc.’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.

Summit LLC

Summit LLC maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Summit LLC’s reports under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Summit LLC’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Summit LLC’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of Summit LLC’s disclosure controls and procedures as of April 3, 2021. Based upon that evaluation, Summit LLC’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of April 3, 2021, Summit LLC’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Summit Inc.

There was no change in Summit Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during its last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Summit Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting.

Summit LLC

There was no change in Summit LLC’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during its last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Summit LLC’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information set forth under Note 12, "Commitments and Contingencies," to Summit Inc.’s unaudited consolidated financial statements is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM  1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report, which could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results or liquidity or future results. The risks described in the Annual Report are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that it currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report.

ITEM  2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM  4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The information concerning mine safety violations and other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95.1 to this report.

ITEM  5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM  6. EXHIBITS

3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Summit Materials, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Summit Materials, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 17, 2015 (File No. 001-36873)).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Summit Materials, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Summit Materials, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 17, 2015 (File No. 001-36873).
3.3	Certificate of Formation of Summit Materials, LLC, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Summit Materials, LLC’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed March 27, 2013 (File No. 333-187556)).
3.4	Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Summit Materials, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registrants’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on October 30, 2019 (File No. 001-36783))
10.1*†	Form of Performance Unit Award Notice and Agreement for Executives
10.2*†	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice and Agreement for Executive Officers
10.3*†	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice and Agreement for Directors
31.1*	Summit Materials, Inc.’s Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Summit Materials, Inc.’s Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.3*	Summit Materials, LLC’s Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.4*	Summit Materials, LLC’s Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Summit Materials, Inc.’s Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Summit Materials, Inc.’s Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.3**	Summit Materials, LLC’s Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.4**	Summit Materials, LLC’s Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
95.1*	Mine Safety Disclosures
99.1*	Summit Materials, LLC’s Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104.1*	Cover Page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (and contained in Exhibit 101).

*     Filed herewith

**   Furnished herewith

† Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them other than for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

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Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	SUMMIT MATERIALS, INC.
	SUMMIT MATERIALS, LLC
Date: May 11, 2021	By:	/s/ Anne P. Noonan
		Anne P. Noonan
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 11, 2021	By:	/s/ Brian J. Harris
		Brian J. Harris
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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