Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 28, 2019

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Contribution Plan—The Company sponsors employee 401(k) savings plans for its employees, including certain union employees. The plans provide for various required and discretionary Company matches of employees’ eligible compensation contributed to the plans. The expense for the defined contribution plans was $11.7 million, $11.2 million and $9.3 million for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively.

Defined Benefit and Other Postretirement Benefits Plans—The Company’s subsidiary, Continental Cement, sponsors two noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for hourly and salaried employees. The plans are closed to new participants and benefits are frozen. As a result of the collective bargaining unit negotiations in 2017, the hourly defined benefit pension plan was amended to stop future benefit accruals for the Davenport employees effective December 31, 2017. Pension benefits for eligible hourly employees are based on a monthly pension factor for each year of credited service. Pension benefits for eligible salaried employees are generally based on years of service and average eligible compensation.

Continental Cement also sponsors two unfunded healthcare and life insurance benefits plans for certain eligible retired employees. Effective January 1, 2014, the plan covering employees of the Hannibal, Missouri location was amended to eliminate all future retiree health and life coverage for current employees. During 2015, Continental Cement adopted one new unfunded healthcare plan to provide benefits prior to Medicare eligibility for certain hourly employees of the Davenport, Iowa location. As a result of the collective bargaining unit negotiations in 2017, hourly Davenport employees hired on or after January 1, 2018 are no longer eligible for retiree medical benefits.

The funded status of the pension and other postretirement benefit plans is recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligations. For defined benefit pension plans, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) and for the healthcare and life insurance benefits plans, the benefit obligation is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (“APBO”). The PBO represents the actuarial present value of benefits expected to be paid upon retirement based on estimated future compensation levels. However, since the plans’ participants are not subject to future compensation increases, the plans’ PBO equals the accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”). The APBO represents the actuarial present value of postretirement benefits attributed to employee services already rendered. The fair value of plan assets represents the current market value of assets held by an irrevocable trust fund for the sole benefit of participants. The measurement of the benefit obligations is based on the Company’s estimates and actuarial valuations. These valuations reflect the terms of the plan and use participant-specific information, such as compensation, age and years of service, as well as certain assumptions that require significant judgment, including estimates of discount rates, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increases, interest-crediting rates and mortality rates.

The Company uses December 31 as the measurement date for its defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

Obligations and Funded Status—The following information is as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018 and for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017:

	2019						2018
	Pension			Healthcare			Pension			Healthcare
	benefits			& Life Ins.			benefits			& Life Ins.
Change in benefit obligations:
Beginning of period	$	24,203		$	9,203		$	27,984		$	9,793
Service cost	60			166			67			170
Interest cost	928			321			898			317
Actuarial (gain) loss	2,571			165			(3,136		)	(173		)
Benefits paid	(1,581		)	(765		)	(1,610		)	(904		)
End of period	$	26,181		$	9,090		$	24,203		$	9,203
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Beginning of period	$	17,449		$	—		$	19,012		$	—
Actual return on plan assets	2,055			—			(551		)	—
Employer contributions	319			765			598			904
Benefits paid	(1,581		)	(765		)	(1,610		)	(904		)
End of period	$	18,242		$	—		$	17,449		$	—
Funded status of plans	$	(7,939	)	$	(9,090	)	$	(6,754	)	$	(9,203	)
Current liabilities	$	—		$	(653	)	$	—		$	(687	)
Noncurrent liabilities	(7,939		)	(8,437		)	(6,754		)	(8,516		)
Liability recognized	$	(7,939	)	$	(9,090	)	$	(6,754	)	$	(9,203	)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:
Net actuarial (gain) loss	$	9,286		$	2,121		$	7,728		$	1,995
Prior service cost	—			(1,931		)	—			(2,172		)
Total amount recognized	$	9,286		$	190		$	7,728		$	(177	)

The amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) is the actuarial loss (credit) and prior service cost, which has not yet been recognized in periodic benefit cost.

	2019						2018						2017
	Pension			Healthcare			Pension			Healthcare			Pension			Healthcare
	benefits			& Life Ins.			benefits			& Life Ins.			benefits			& Life Ins.
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss:
Net actuarial loss (gain)	$	1,760		$	165		$	(1,300	)	$	(172	)	$	1,068		$	(338	)
Prior service cost	—			—			—			—			—			(572		)
Amortization of prior year service cost	—			241			—			241			—			168
Curtailment benefit	—			—			—			—			(429		)	—
Amortization of gain	(202		)	(39		)	(312		)	(118		)	(547		)	(64		)
Adjustment to plan benefits	—			—			—			—			—			(414		)
Total amount recognized	$	1,558		$	367		$	(1,612	)	$	(49	)	$	92		$	(1,220	)

Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	60		$	166		$	67		$	170		$	285		$	184
Interest cost	928			321			898			317			998			365
Amortization of gain	202			39			312			118			547			64
Expected return on plan assets	(1,244		)	—			(1,284		)	—			(1,302		)	—
Amortization of prior service credit	—			(241		)	—			(241		)	—			(168		)
Net periodic (expense) benefit cost	$	(54	)	$	285		$	(7	)	$	364		$	528		$	445

Assumptions—Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations as of year-end 2019 and 2018 are:

	2019		2018
		Healthcare		Healthcare
	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.
Discount rate	2.78% - 2.96%	2.73% - 2.79%	3.90% - 4.02%	3.87% - 3.91%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	7.00%	N/A	7.00%	N/A

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017:

	2019		2018		2017
		Healthcare		Healthcare		Healthcare
	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.
Discount rate	3.90% - 4.02%	3.87% - 3.91%	3.23% - 3.37%	3.20% - 3.25%	3.61% - 3.81%	3.54% - 3.65%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	7.00%	N/A	7.00%	N/A	7.00%	N/A

The expected long-term return on plan assets is based upon the Plans’ consideration of historical and forward-looking returns and the Company’s estimation of what a portfolio, with the target allocation described below, will earn over a long-term horizon. The discount rate is derived using the FTSE Pension Discount Curve.

Assumed health care cost trend rates were 8.0% grading to 8.0% as of year-end 2019 and 2018. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the Company’s healthcare and life insurance benefits plans. A one percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects as of year-end 2019 and 2018:

	2019					2018
	Increase		Decrease			Increase		Decrease
Total service cost and interest cost components	$	30	$	(26	)	$	31	$	(27	)
APBO	773		(678		)	765		(690		)

Plan Assets—The defined benefit pension plans’ (the “Plans”) investment strategy is to minimize investment risk while generating acceptable returns. The Plans currently invest a relatively high proportion of the plan assets in fixed income securities, while the remainder is invested in equity securities, cash reserves and precious metals. The equity securities are diversified into funds with growth and value investment strategies. The target allocation for plan assets is as follows: equity securities—30%; fixed income securities—63%; cash reserves—5%; and precious metals—2%. The Plans’ current investment allocations are within the tolerance of the target allocation. The Company had no Level 3 investments as of or for the years ended December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018.

At year-end 2019 and 2018, the Plans’ assets were invested predominantly in fixed-income securities and publicly traded equities, but may invest in other asset classes in the future subject to the parameters of the investment policy. The Plans’ investments in fixed-income assets include U.S. Treasury and U.S. agency securities and corporate bonds. The Plans’ investments in equity assets include U.S. and international securities and equity funds. The Company estimates the fair value of the Plans’ assets using various valuation techniques and, to the extent available, quoted market prices in active markets or observable market inputs. The descriptions and fair value methodologies for the Plans’ assets are as follows:

Fixed Income Securities—Corporate and government bonds are classified as Level 2 assets, as they are either valued at quoted market prices from observable pricing sources at the reporting date or valued based upon comparable securities with similar yields and credit ratings.

Equity Securities—Equity securities are valued at the closing market price reported on a U.S. exchange where the security is actively traded and are therefore classified as Level 1 assets.

Cash—The carrying amounts of cash approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity.

Precious Metals—Precious metals are valued at the closing market price reported on a U.S. exchange where the security is actively traded and are therefore classified as Level 1 assets.

The fair value of the Plans’ assets by asset class and fair value hierarchy level as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018 are as follows:

	2019
			Quoted prices in active
	Total fair		markets for identical		Observable
	value		assets (Level 1)		inputs (Level 2)
Fixed income securities:
Intermediate—government	$	2,482	$	2,482	$	—
Intermediate—corporate	1,066		—		1,066
Short-term—government	1,387		1,387		—
Short-term—corporate	3,173		—		3,173
International	1,387		—		1,387
Equity securities:
U.S. Large cap value	1,225		1,225		—
U.S. Large cap growth	1,167		1,167		—
U.S. Mid cap value	581		581		—
U.S. Mid cap growth	578		578		—
U.S. Small cap value	583		583		—
U.S. Small cap growth	593		593		—
Managed Futures	340		—		340
International	1,174		386		788
Emerging Markets	394		394		—
Commodities Broad Basket	1,118		362		756
Cash	994		994		—
Total	$	18,242	$	10,732	$	7,510

	2018
			Quoted prices in active
	Total fair		markets for identical		Observable
	value		assets (Level 1)		inputs (Level 2)
Fixed income securities:
Intermediate—government	$	3,547	$	3,547	$	—
Intermediate—corporate	3,437		—		3,437
Short-term—government	756		756		—
Short-term—corporate	957		—		957
International	1,143		—		1,143
Equity securities:
U.S. Large cap value	978		978		—
U.S. Large cap growth	976		976		—
U.S. Mid cap value	471		471		—
U.S. Mid cap growth	496		496		—
U.S. Small cap value	463		463		—
U.S. Small cap growth	474		474		—
Managed Futures	355		—		355
International	1,004		329		675
Emerging Markets	362		362		—
Commodities Broad Basket	1,048		388		660
Cash	982		982		—
Total	$	17,449	$	10,222	$	7,227

Cash Flows—The Company expects to contribute approximately $1.1 million in 2020 to both its pension plans and to its healthcare and life insurance benefits plans.

The estimated benefit payments for each of the next five years and the five-year period thereafter are as follows:

	Pension		Healthcare and Life
	benefits		Insurance Benefits
2020	$	1,718	$	653
2021	1,681		638
2022	1,680		628
2023	1,679		618
2024	1,635		630
2025 - 2029	7,671		3,211

Multiemployer Pension Plans— In 2018, The Company acquired Buildex, LLC and assumed its obligation to contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in multiemployer pension plans are different from single-employer plans. Assets contributed to a multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers. If a participating employer ceases contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan are the responsibility of the remaining participating employers.

The Company's participation in these plans for the annual period ended December 31, 2019, is outlined in the table below. The ''EIN/Pension Plan Number" column provides the Employer Identification Number (EIN) and the three-digit plan number, if applicable. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act (PPA) zone status available in 2019 and 2018 is for the plan 's year end at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. The zone status is based on information the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80% funded and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The "FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (FIP) or a rehabilitation plan (RP) is either pending or has been implemented. The "Surcharge Imposed" column indicates

whether a surcharge has been imposed on contributions to the plan. The last column lists the expiration date(s) of the collective-bargaining agreement(s) to which the plans are subject. There have been no significant changes that affect the comparability of 2018 and 2017 contributions.

										Expiration Date of
		Pension Protection Act		FIP/RP Status	Contributions of Company					Collective-
Pension	EIN/ Pension	Zone Status		Pending/	($ in thousands)				Surcharge	Bargaining
Trust Fund	Plan Number	2019	2018	Implemented	2019		2018		Imposed	Agreement
Construction Industry Laborers Pension Fund	43-6060737/001	Green - as of December 31, 2018	Green - as of December 31, 2017	None	$	112	$	115	No	3/31/2021
Operating Engineers Local 101 Pension Plan	43-6059213/001	Green - as of December 31, 2018	Green - as of December 31, 2017	None	23		26		No	3/31/2021
Total Contributions					$	135	$	141

The Company was not listed as providing more than 5% of the total contributions for the Operating Engineers Local 101 Pension Plan for the plan years 2018 and 2017 per the plan's Form 5500. The Company did not provide over 5% of total contributions in 2018 or 2017 for the Construction Industry Laborers Pension Fund per the plan's Form 5500. As of the date of the filing of this annual report on Form 10-K, Forms 5500 were not available for the plan year ending December 31, 2019.

Summit Materials, LLC

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Contribution Plan—The Company sponsors employee 401(k) savings plans for its employees, including certain union employees. The plans provide for various required and discretionary Company matches of employees’ eligible compensation contributed to the plans. The expense for the defined contribution plans was $11.7 million, $11.2 million and $9.3 million for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively.

Defined Benefit and Other Postretirement Benefits Plans—The Company’s subsidiary, Continental Cement, sponsors two noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for hourly and salaried employees. The plans are closed to new participants and benefits are frozen. As a result of the collective bargaining unit negotiations in 2017, the hourly defined benefit pension plan was amended to stop future benefit accruals for the Davenport employees effective December 31, 2017. Pension benefits for eligible hourly employees are based on a monthly pension factor for each year of credited service. Pension benefits for eligible salaried employees are generally based on years of service and average eligible compensation.

Continental Cement also sponsors two unfunded healthcare and life insurance benefits plans for certain eligible retired employees. Effective January 1, 2014, the plan covering employees of the Hannibal, Missouri location was amended to eliminate all future retiree health and life coverage for current employees. During 2015, Continental Cement adopted one new unfunded healthcare plan to provide benefits prior to Medicare eligibility for certain hourly employees of the Davenport, Iowa location. As a result of the collective bargaining unit negotiations in 2017, hourly Davenport employees hired on or after January 1, 2018 are no longer eligible for retiree medical benefits.

The funded status of the pension and other postretirement benefit plans is recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligations. For defined benefit pension plans, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) and for the healthcare and life insurance benefits plans, the benefit obligation is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (“APBO”). The PBO represents the actuarial present value of benefits expected to be paid upon retirement based on estimated future compensation levels. However, since the plans’ participants are not subject to future compensation increases, the plans’ PBO equals the accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”). The APBO represents the actuarial present value of postretirement benefits attributed to employee services already rendered. The fair value of plan assets represents the current market value of assets held by an irrevocable trust fund for the sole benefit of participants. The measurement of the benefit obligations is based on the Company’s estimates and actuarial valuations. These valuations reflect the terms of the plan and use participant-specific information, such as compensation, age and years of service, as well as certain assumptions that require significant judgment, including estimates of discount rates, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increases, interest-crediting rates and mortality rates.

The Company uses December 31 as the measurement date for its defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

Obligations and Funded Status—The following information is as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018 and for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017: 

	2019						2018
	Pension			Healthcare			Pension			Healthcare
	benefits			& Life Ins.			benefits			& Life Ins.
Change in benefit obligations:
Beginning of period	$	24,203		$	9,203		$	27,984		$	9,793
Service cost	60			166			67			170
Interest cost	928			321			898			317
Actuarial (gain) loss	2,571			165			(3,136		)	(173		)
Benefits paid	(1,581		)	(765		)	(1,610		)	(904		)
End of period	$	26,181		$	9,090		$	24,203		$	9,203
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Beginning of period	$	17,449		$	—		$	19,012		$	—
Actual return on plan assets	2,055			—			(551		)	—
Employer contributions	319			765			598			904
Benefits paid	(1,581		)	(765		)	(1,610		)	(904		)
End of period	$	18,242		$	—		$	17,449		$	—
Funded status of plans	$	(7,939	)	$	(9,090	)	$	(6,754	)	$	(9,203	)
Current liabilities	$	—		$	(653	)	$	—		$	(687	)
Noncurrent liabilities	(7,939		)	(8,437		)	(6,754		)	(8,516		)
Liability recognized	$	(7,939	)	$	(9,090	)	$	(6,754	)	$	(9,203	)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:
Net actuarial (gain) loss	$	9,286		$	2,121		$	7,728		$	1,995
Prior service cost	—			(1,931		)	—			(2,172		)
Total amount recognized	$	9,286		$	190		$	7,728		$	(177	)

The amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) is the actuarial loss (credit) and prior service cost, which has not yet been recognized in periodic benefit cost.

	2019						2018						2017
	Pension			Healthcare			Pension			Healthcare			Pension			Healthcare
	benefits			& Life Ins.			benefits			& Life Ins.			benefits			& Life Ins.
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss:
Net actuarial loss (gain)	$	1,760		$	165		$	(1,300	)	$	(172	)	$	1,068		$	(338	)
Prior service cost	—			—			—			—			—			(572		)
Amortization of prior year service cost	—			241			—			241			—			168
Curtailment benefit	—			—			—			—			(429		)	—
Amortization of gain	(202		)	(39		)	(312		)	(118		)	(547		)	(64		)
Adjustment to plan benefits	—			—			—			—			—			(414		)
Total amount recognized	$	1,558		$	367		$	(1,612	)	$	(49	)	$	92		$	(1,220	)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	60		$	166		$	67		$	170		$	285		$	184
Interest cost	928			321			898			317			998			365
Amortization of gain	202			39			312			118			547			64
Expected return on plan assets	(1,244		)	—			(1,284		)	—			(1,302		)	—
Amortization of prior service credit	—			(241		)	—			(241		)	—			(168		)
Net periodic (expense) benefit cost	$	(54	)	$	285		$	(7	)	$	364		$	528		$	445

Assumptions—Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations as of year-end 2019 and 2018 are:

	2019		2018
		Healthcare		Healthcare
	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.
Discount rate	2.78% - 2.96%	2.73% - 2.79%	3.90% - 4.02%	3.87% - 3.91%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	7.00%	N/A	7.00%	N/A

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017:

	2019		2018		2017
		Healthcare		Healthcare		Healthcare
	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.	Pension benefits	& Life Ins.
Discount rate	3.90% - 4.02%	3.87% - 3.91%	3.23% - 3.37%	3.20% - 3.25%	3.61% - 3.81%	3.54% - 3.65%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	7.00%	N/A	7.00%	N/A	7.00%	N/A

The expected long-term return on plan assets is based upon the Plans’ consideration of historical and forward-looking returns and the Company’s estimation of what a portfolio, with the target allocation described below, will earn over a long-term horizon. The discount rate is derived using the FTSE Pension Discount Curve.

Assumed health care cost trend rates were 8.0% grading to 8.0% as of year-end 2019 and 2018. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the Company’s healthcare and life insurance benefits plans. A one percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects as of year-end 2019 and 2018:

	2019					2018
	Increase		Decrease			Increase		Decrease
Total service cost and interest cost components	$	30	$	(26	)	$	31	$	(27	)
APBO	773		(678		)	765		(690		)

Plan Assets—The defined benefit pension plans’ (the “Plans”) investment strategy is to minimize investment risk while generating acceptable returns. The Plans currently invest a relatively high proportion of the plan assets in fixed income securities, while the remainder is invested in equity securities, cash reserves and precious metals. The equity securities are diversified into funds with growth and value investment strategies. The target allocation for plan assets is as follows: equity securities—30%; fixed income securities—63%; cash reserves—5%; and precious metals—2%. The Plans’ current investment allocations are within the tolerance of the target allocation. The Company had no Level 3 investments as of or for the years ended December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018.

At year-end 2019 and 2018, the Plans’ assets were invested predominantly in fixed-income securities and publicly traded equities, but may invest in other asset classes in the future subject to the parameters of the investment policy. The Plans’ investments in fixed-income assets include U.S. Treasury and U.S. agency securities and corporate bonds. The Plans’ investments in equity assets include U.S. and international securities and equity funds. The Company estimates the fair value of the Plans’ assets using various valuation techniques and, to the extent available, quoted market prices in active markets or observable market inputs. The descriptions and fair value methodologies for the Plans’ assets are as follows:

Fixed Income Securities—Corporate and government bonds are classified as Level 2 assets, as they are either valued at quoted market prices from observable pricing sources at the reporting date or valued based upon comparable securities with similar yields and credit ratings.

Equity Securities—Equity securities are valued at the closing market price reported on a U.S. exchange where the security is actively traded and are therefore classified as Level 1 assets.

Cash—The carrying amounts of cash approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity.

Precious Metals—Precious metals are valued at the closing market price reported on a U.S. exchange where the security is actively traded and are therefore classified as Level 1 assets.

The fair value of the Plans’ assets by asset class and fair value hierarchy level as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018 are as follows:

	2019
			Quoted prices in active
	Total fair		markets for identical		Observable
	value		assets (Level 1)		inputs (Level 2)
Fixed income securities:
Intermediate—government	$	2,482	$	2,482	$	—
Intermediate—corporate	1,066		—		1,066
Short-term—government	1,387		1,387		—
Short-term—corporate	3,173		—		3,173
International	1,387		—		1,387
Equity securities:
U.S. Large cap value	1,225		1,225		—
U.S. Large cap growth	1,167		1,167		—
U.S. Mid cap value	581		581		—
U.S. Mid cap growth	578		578		—
U.S. Small cap value	583		583		—
U.S. Small cap growth	593		593		—
Managed Futures	340		—		340
International	1,174		386		788
Emerging Markets	394		394		—
Commodities Broad Basket	1,118		362		756
Cash	994		994		—
Total	$	18,242	$	10,732	$	7,510

	2018
			Quoted prices in active
	Total fair		markets for identical		Observable
	value		assets (Level 1)		inputs (Level 2)
Fixed income securities:
Intermediate—government	$	3,547	$	3,547	$	—
Intermediate—corporate	3,437		—		3,437
Short-term—government	756		756		—
Short-term—corporate	957		—		957
International	1,143		—		1,143
Equity securities:
U.S. Large cap value	978		978		—
U.S. Large cap growth	976		976		—
U.S. Mid cap value	471		471		—
U.S. Mid cap growth	496		496		—
U.S. Small cap value	463		463		—
U.S. Small cap growth	474		474		—
Managed Futures	355		—		355
International	1,004		329		675
Emerging Markets	362		362		—
Commodities Broad Basket	1,048		388		660
Cash	982		982		—
Total	$	17,449	$	10,222	$	7,227

Cash Flows—The Company expects to contribute approximately $1.1 million in 2020 to both its pension plans and to its healthcare and life insurance benefits plans.

The estimated benefit payments for each of the next five years and the five-year period thereafter are as follows:

	Pension		Healthcare and Life
	benefits		Insurance Benefits
2020	$	1,718	$	653
2021	1,681		638
2022	1,680		628
2023	1,679		618
2024	1,635		630
2025 - 2029	7,671		3,211

Multiemployer Pension Plans— In 2018, The Company acquired Buildex, LLC and assumed its obligation to contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in multiemployer pension plans are different from single-employer plans. Assets contributed to a multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers. If a participating employer ceases contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan are the responsibility of the remaining participating employers.

The Company's participation in these plans for the annual period ended December 31, 2019, is outlined in the table below. The ''EIN/Pension Plan Number" column provides the Employer Identification Number (EIN) and the three-digit plan number, if applicable. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act (PPA) zone status available in 2019 and 2018 is for the plan 's year end at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. The zone status is based on information the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80% funded and plans in the green zone are

at least 80% funded. The "FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (FIP) or a rehabilitation plan (RP) is either pending or has been implemented. The "Surcharge Imposed" column indicates whether a surcharge has been imposed on contributions to the plan. The last column lists the expiration date(s) of the collective-bargaining agreement(s) to which the plans are subject. There have been no significant changes that affect the comparability of 2018 and 2017 contributions.

										Expiration Date of
		Pension Protection Act		FIP/RP Status	Contributions of Company					Collective-
Pension	EIN/ Pension	Zone Status		Pending/	($ in thousands)				Surcharge	Bargaining
Trust Fund	Plan Number	2019	2018	Implemented	2019		2018		Imposed	Agreement
Construction Industry Laborers Pension Fund	43-6060737/001	Green - as of December 31, 2018	Green - as of December 31, 2017	None	$	112	$	115	No	3/31/2021
Operating Engineers Local 101 Pension Plan	43-6059213/001	Green - as of December 31, 2018	Green - as of December 31, 2017	None	23		26		No	3/31/2021
Total Contributions					$	135	$	141

The Company was not listed as providing more than 5% of the total contributions for the Operating Engineers Local 101 Pension Plan for the plan years 2018 and 2017 per the plan's Form 5500. The Company did not provide over 5% of total contributions in 2018 or 2017 for the Construction Industry Laborers Pension Fund per the plan's Form 5500. As of the date of the filing of this annual report on Form 10-K, Forms 5500 were not available for the plan year ending December 31, 2019.