INCOME TAXES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 27, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

Shake Shack is the sole managing member of SSE Holdings and, as a result, consolidates the financial results of SSE Holdings. SSE Holdings is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal and most applicable state and local income tax purposes. As a partnership, SSE Holdings is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Any taxable income or loss generated by SSE Holdings is passed through to and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including the Company, on a pro rata basis. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income taxes, in addition to state and local income taxes with respect to its allocable share of any taxable income or loss of SSE Holdings, as well as any stand-alone income or loss generated by Shake Shack Inc. The Company is also subject to withholding taxes in foreign jurisdictions.

The effective income tax rates for the thirteen weeks ended September 27, 2023 and September 28, 2022 were 6.1% and 39.5%, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by the change in pre-tax income and the impact of permanent differences and discrete expense on pre-tax income for the period compared to pre-tax loss for the same period last year. The Company's ownership interest in SSE Holdings is directly related to its share of the taxable income (loss) of SSE Holdings. The weighted-average ownership interest in SSE Holdings was 93.3% and 93.2% for the thirteen weeks ended September 27, 2023 and September 28, 2022, respectively.

The effective income tax rates for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 27, 2023 and September 28, 2022 were 11.3% and 25.5%, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by the change in pre-tax income and the effect of permanent differences, primarily tax credits, on pre-tax income for the period compared to pre-tax loss for the same period last year, as well as a decrease in expense due to tax benefits related to certain windfalls in equity-based compensation. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in the Company's ownership interest in SSE Holdings which increased its share of the taxable income (loss) of SSE Holdings. The Company's weighted-average ownership interest in SSE Holdings was 93.3% and 93.1% for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 27, 2023 and September 28, 2022, respectively.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

During the thirty-nine weeks ended September 27, 2023, the Company acquired an aggregate of 181,270 LLC Interests in connection with the redemption of LLC Interests and activity relating to its stock compensation plan. The Company recognized a deferred tax asset in the amount of $48 associated with the basis difference in its investment in SSE Holdings upon acquisition of these LLC Interests. As of September 27, 2023, the total deferred tax asset related to the basis difference in the Company's investment in SSE Holdings was $83,023.

During the thirty-nine weeks ended September 27, 2023, the Company also recognized $200 of deferred tax assets related to additional tax basis increases generated from expected future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and related deductions for imputed interest on such payments. Refer to "Tax Receivable Agreement," herein for additional information.

The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis and establishes valuation allowances when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset may not be realized. As of September 27, 2023, the Company concluded, based on the weight of all available positive and negative evidence, that all of its deferred tax assets (except for those deferred tax assets relating to certain state tax credits and net operating losses and certain foreign tax credits) are more likely than not to be realized. As such, no additional valuation allowance was recognized.

Tax Receivable Agreement

Pursuant to the Company's election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"), the Company expects to obtain an increase in its share of the tax basis in the net assets of SSE Holdings when LLC Interests are redeemed or exchanged by the other members of SSE Holdings. The Company plans to make an election under Section 754 of the Code for each taxable year in which a redemption or exchange of LLC Interest occurs. The Company intends to treat any redemptions and exchanges of LLC Interests as direct purchases of LLC Interests for U.S. federal income tax purposes. These increases in tax basis may reduce the amounts that would otherwise be paid in the future to various tax authorities. They may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets.

On February 4, 2015, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with certain of the then-existing members of SSE Holdings (the "Tax Receivable Agreement") that provides for the payment by the Company of 85% of the amount of any tax

benefits that are actually realized, or in some cases are deemed to realize, as a result of (i) increases in the Company's share of the tax basis in the net assets of SSE Holdings resulting from any redemptions or exchanges of LLC Interests, (ii) tax basis increases attributable to payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and (iii) deductions attributable to imputed interest pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement (the "TRA Payments"). The Company expects to benefit from the remaining 15% of any tax benefits that may actually realize. The TRA Payments are not conditioned upon any continued ownership interest in SSE Holdings or the Company. The rights of each member of SSE Holdings that is a party to the Tax Receivable Agreement, are assignable to transferees of their respective LLC Interests.

During the thirty-nine weeks ended September 27, 2023, the Company acquired an aggregate of 35,000 LLC Interests in connection with the redemption of LLC Interests, which resulted in an increase in the tax basis of its investment in SSE Holdings subject to the provisions of the Tax Receivable Agreement. The Company recognized an additional liability in the amount of $721 for the TRA Payments due to the redeeming members, representing 85% of the aggregate tax benefits the Company expects to realize from the tax basis increases related to the redemption of LLC Interests, after concluding it was probable that such TRA Payments would be paid based on estimates of future taxable income. During the thirty-nine weeks ended September 27, 2023 and September 28, 2022, inclusive of interest, no payments were made to the parties to the Tax Receivable Agreement. As of September 27, 2023, the total amount of TRA Payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement, was $235,614. Refer to Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information relating to the liabilities under the Tax Receivable Agreement.